November 1996 - tz - lists.iana.org

Re: Timezone naming
by Janis.Papanagnou＠pc-plus.DE Dec. 28, 1996

Dec. 28, 1996

Markus wrote: > The time zone string CET or MET is never parsed by any software, because in > all applications (e-mail, news, etc.) the time format standards require > that a numeric local time - UTC offset is also provided (e.g., required by > RFC822 except for US names) and the numeric value is then used. Therefore, > MET->CET is no compatibility problem. That seems quite reasonable. A formal scheme is what I expect when handling time zones (myself or by application). > Consequently: Only humans have to recognize the time zone abbreviation > and it definitely does not make sense here to use one that does not > follow common practice (Langenscheid, PTB, SkyTV, CNN, etc.). That's the point, humans should be provided a user-friendly naming scheme. But I cannot second your conclusions. The US time zone "names" are very strange (to me!), but I don't care - it's not my domain, I have not to use them. CNN, etc. is not what I would call common practice; in DE I hear the terms MEZ (or MET). I am not talking with the PTB, nor do I inform myself by US broadcasts. Talking about i18n: are these TZ "names" really considered a matter of international standards ? Concerning computer variable TZ, I doubt it. Concerning the definition of an international standard, I do not think that the current 3-letter TZ "names" serve for i18n-"codes"; they are neither formal nor intuitive. As posted some weeks ago, ambiguities and coincidences happen to exist, too. The Olsen DB as a quasi-standard on computers shall fulfill demands of an IS ? To come back to the user-friendliness: the three letter "names" are easily misinterpreted (from a global view); I would prefer something intuitive. Janis

3 2

Timezone naming
by J Wunsch Nov. 27, 1996

Nov. 27, 1996

You'll say ``Argh!'' now, i know. After a long and heated discussion in the FreeBSD core team, we came to the conclusion that changing the timezone name for Central Europe from MET to CET is a very bad move. The reasoning: the name MET is in widespread use here on almost all Unix systems around. (With AIX being the most noteworthy and most funny exception; they call it ``Norway-France-Time'', NFT. :) However technically correct your choice for CET might be, it breaks tradition, and is in general something people here will consider a ``US-centric'' decision. MET might sound like a half-translated term in German, but people can easily memorize it, and identify their own timezone by this name. Other languages like Danish even use this term as well as their local abbreviation (which is no surprise given that Danish is closer to English than German is). You'll note that we don't mind you US inhabitants naming the New York timezone ``EST'' either, even though the term ``Western Atlantic Timezone'' is far more correct from our point of view, since you are west of us, not east as the name suggests. Needless to say, i'd leave the decision for this name at the people that have to live with the name. But i expect you doing likewise: respect our wish to keep the name `MET' for the Central/Middle European Time. Changing it will gain nothing, but cause support hassles for our userbase. Btw., there's at least one alternate (but not less bogus) translation for this abbreviation: Mediterranean Time. I'm also sending this request on behalf of Poul-Henning Kamp, another FreeBSD core team member. Cc to him for this. -- cheers, J"org joerg_wunsch(a)uriah.heep.sax.de -- http://www.sax.de/~joerg/ -- NIC: JW11-RIPE Never trust an operating system you don't have sources for. ;-)

5 13

Re: Timezone naming
by Dik.Winter＠cwi.nl Nov. 27, 1996

Nov. 27, 1996

> - I hardly ever have seen MET and METDST used anywhere outside the Unix > world and we can very well assume that MET is today only known because it > somehow found its way into the Olson database some time ago. DST is an > abbreviation exclusively used in the U.S., most other countries > say "summer time". Some historical information from my online archives. The tz database as posted in mod.sources in March 1986 indeed had MET and did not mention CET. Also the variant posted in February 1987 had that. CET crept into the database in March 1987 when it was posted in comp.bug.4-bsd.fixes by Keith Bostic as an official BSD supplement. That version had the remark: # Tom Hoffman says that MET is also known as Central European Time Link MET CET Apparently non-native-English speakers were pretty satisfied with MET for quite a long time (oh, well, at least some 10 years). dik -- dik t. winter, cwi, kruislaan 413, 1098 sj amsterdam, nederland, +31205924131 home: bovenover 215, 1025 jn amsterdam, nederland; http://www.cwi.nl/~dik/

1 0

Two `zones' for Germany?
by Garrett Wollman Nov. 27, 1996

Nov. 27, 1996

A FreeBSD contributor avers that the then-DDR began observing summer time a year [earlier|later] than the BRD, and further claims that the correct BRD start date should be 1979, not 1980 (and this the DDR would be [1978|1980]). (I have since deleted the message so I don't recall which direction the difference was.) According to the existing practice, then, there should be a different rule for locations which were in the DDR. I have no notion of which would be the most populous city in this case, but perhaps <joerg(a)freebsd.org> can provide more detailed information. -GAWollman -- Garrett A. Wollman | O Siem / We are all family / O Siem / We're all the same wollman(a)lcs.mit.edu | O Siem / The fires of freedom Opinions not those of| Dance in the burning flame MIT, LCS, ANA, or NSA| - Susan Aglukark and Chad Irschick

2 1

ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata1996m.tar.gz
by ado Nov. 24, 1996

Nov. 24, 1996

Paul Eggert's batch of changes are incorporated in ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata1996m.tar.gz --ado

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proposed tz changes for Argentina, Brazil, Russia, etc.
by Paul Eggert Nov. 23, 1996

Nov. 23, 1996

Here is a big batch of proposed changes to the tz database. Most of the changes here were suggested by data taken from the International Air Transport Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), published semiannually. Gwillim Law sent in several very helpful summaries of the IATA's data after 1990, and he deserves a big round of applause for his contributions. All changes below are from the IATA SSIM data unless otherwise noted. * New entries: ** America/Goose_Bay, needed because east Labrador also observed double-DST in 1988 (from Shanks; I misread one of his tables). ** for Argentina, which was in time zone chaos in the early 1990s: America/Catamarca America/Cordoba America/Jujuy America/Mendoza America/Rosario ** for Brazil, since the equatorial part of Brazil does not observe DST and the boundaries have moved recently: America/Cuiaba America/Fortaleza America/Maceio ** Antarctica/Palmer, which used Argentine rules before the Falklands war, Chilean afterwards (from Ethan Dicks) ** Asia/Aqtobe, for central Kazakhstan (which now has 3 time zones). ** Australia/Lindeman, for the Holiday Islands off Queensland, which observed DST for a couple of years after Queensland stopped. ** Europe/Kaliningrad, for Russia's new time zone (as if they didn't have enough time zones already!). * Renamed entries (from yours truly) Asia/Aktau -> Asia/Aqtau (the more usual Kazakh-English transliteration) Europe/Kuybyshev -> Europe/Samara (the city changed names in 1991) * Make the following changes relevant to today's timestamps: ** Data (as opposed to sheer guesswork) are now available for the following countries after 1990: Brazil Cuba Falklands Jordan Lebanon Paraguay Syria ** Albania now uses EU DST rules. ** Azerbaijan is now at +4 with EU rules. It switched to +4 in 1992 but first observed DST this year. ** Belarus now uses Russian DST rules. ** Bulgaria uses E-Eur DST rules, not C-Eur. ** Egypt has changed rules a couple of times in the 1990s; it currently seems to use DST from Apr lastFri 0:00 to Sep lastFri 0:00. ** Georgia is now +5 (from Mathew Englander, quoting AP 1996-10-23 13:05-04). In 1992 it switched to E-Eur rules; in 1994 it switched to +4. ** Greenland uses EU DST rules, except Thule, which adopted USA DST rules in 1993. ** Guyana is at -4; assume a 1991 switch. ** Haiti changes its clocks at 1:00s, not 2:00. ** Iran reinstituted DST since 1991, and currently seems to switch near the equinoxes. ** Iraq changed rules in 1991 to Apr 1 and Oct 1. ** Jamaica stopped observing DST in 1984. ** Kazakhstan uses E-Eur DST rules, not Russian DST rules. ** Kirgizstan uses its own rules since 1991. ** Latvia switched in Sep, not Oct, this year (from Peter Ilieve). ** Libya reinstituted DST this year. ** Mongolia follows Russia since 1991, except it switches at 0:00 local time. ** Namibia adopted DST in 1994. ** New Zealand's Chatham Islands are always 45 minutes ahead of New Zealand, even during DST changes. ** Nicaragua is now at -5. ** Portugal's Azores now use EU DST rules, after dallying with +0 in 1992/1993. ** Romania now uses E-Eur DST rules, after using their own special case in 1991/1994. ** Russians prefer the abbreviations MSK/MSD to MOST/MOSST (from Andrey A. Chernov). ** Tunisia abolished DST in 1991. ** Turkey now uses EU DST rules. ** Turks & Caicos switch at 0:00, not at 2:00. ** Ukraine now uses EU DST rules, except for central Crimea, which changes at 0:00u. ** Vanuatu abolished DST in 1993. ** Etc/UTC, Etc/Universal, and Etc/Zulu now use the abbreviation `UTC' instead of `GMT' (from Markus Kuhn); similarly, Etc/UCT now uses `UCT'. * Make the following changes for older timestamps: ** Newfoundland's UTC offset adjusted by 8 seconds from 1884 to 1935 (from a better reading of Shanks). ** Yukon's time of switch on 1973-10-20 was 0:00, not 2:00 (from Mathew Englander). ** Colombia, Costa Rica and Nicaragua observed DST in 1992. ** Guatemala observed DST in 1991. ** Peru observed DST in 1993. ** Portugal's 1983-1992 rules were W-Eur, not EU. ** Russia's 1992 rules were to switch at 23:00 local time, not 2:00 standard time. ** Uruguay observed DST through 1992/1993. =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/africa,v retrieving revision 1996.12 retrieving revision 1996.12.1.1 diff -c -r1996.12 -r1996.12.1.1 *** africa 1996/11/05 18:50:12 1996.12 --- africa 1996/11/22 19:39:06 1996.12.1.1 *************** *** 4,15 **** # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). ! # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1996-09-03): # # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). ! # Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below. # # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which --- 4,23 ---- # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). ! # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): # # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). ! # ! # Gwillim Law <LAW(a)encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source ! # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport ! # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), ! # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries ! # of the IATA's data after 1990. ! # ! # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, ! # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. # # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which *************** *** 255,266 **** Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - ! Rule Egypt 1966 max - Oct 1 3:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S ! Rule Egypt 1990 max - May 1 1:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:00 - LMT 1900 Oct 2:00 Egypt EE%sT --- 263,279 ---- Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - ! Rule Egypt 1966 1990 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S ! Rule Egypt 1990 only - May 1 1:00 1:00 S ! Rule Egypt 1991 1994 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Egypt 1991 1994 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - ! Rule Egypt 1995 max - Apr lastFri 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Egypt 1995 max - Sep lastFri 0:00 0 - ! # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:00 - LMT 1900 Oct 2:00 Egypt EE%sT *************** *** 390,404 **** Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1987 1990 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 1990 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 2:00 - EET 1982 - # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1995-12-19): - # usno1995 (from OAG) says Libya uses 2:00 all year, as they did before 1982. - # We don't know when they switched back. We'll guess 1991. 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1991 ! 2:00 - EET # Madagascar # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] --- 403,417 ---- Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1987 1990 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 1990 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S + Rule Libya 1996 max - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 S + Rule Libya 1996 max - Sep 30 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 2:00 - EET 1982 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1991 ! 2:00 - EET 1996 Mar 30 3:00 ! 1:00 Libya CE%sT # Madagascar # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] *************** *** 442,448 **** 3:00 - EAT # Morocco ! # rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S --- 455,461 ---- 3:00 - EAT # Morocco ! # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S *************** *** 474,485 **** 2:00 - SAT # Namibia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 2:00 - SAT 1942 Sep 20 2:00 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 ! 2:00 - SAT # Niger # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] --- 487,501 ---- 2:00 - SAT # Namibia + # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S + Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S + Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 2:00 - SAT 1942 Sep 20 2:00 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 ! 2:00 Namibia SA%sT # Niger # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] *************** *** 618,627 **** Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S ! Rule Tunisia 1988 max - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S - Rule Tunisia 1991 max - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S # Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21. # Shanks says the 1911 switch occurred on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] --- 634,642 ---- Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S ! Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S # Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21. # Shanks says the 1911 switch occurred on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/antarctica,v retrieving revision 1996.11 retrieving revision 1996.11.1.1 diff -c -r1996.11 -r1996.11.1.1 *** antarctica 1996/09/08 20:06:16 1996.11 --- antarctica 1996/11/22 19:39:06 1996.11.1.1 *************** *** 8,13 **** --- 8,27 ---- # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome! # FORMAT is `___' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. + # These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file. + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S + Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - + Rule ArgAQ 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S + Rule ArgAQ 1967 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 - + Rule ArgAQ 1967 1968 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S + Rule ArgAQ 1968 1969 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 - + Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S + Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - + Rule ArgAQ 1974 1976 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S + Rule ArgAQ 1975 1977 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 - + Rule ChileAQ 1969 max - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S + Rule ChileAQ 1970 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 - + # Argentina - 6 year-round bases # General Belgrano II *************** *** 118,124 **** # USA - year-round bases # ! # Palmer, Anvers Island # # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1956 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] --- 132,152 ---- # USA - year-round bases # ! # Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968) ! # ! # From Ethan Dicks <erd(a)mcmsun5.mcmurdo.gov> (1996-10-06): ! # It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us ! # and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line.... ! # I verified with someone who was there that since 1980, ! # Palmer has followed Chile. Prior to that, before the Falklands War, ! # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina. ! # ! # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] ! Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - ___ 1965 ! -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 ! -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May ! -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT ! # # # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1956 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/asia,v retrieving revision 1996.12 retrieving revision 1996.12.1.1 diff -c -r1996.12 -r1996.12.1.1 *** asia 1996/11/05 18:50:13 1996.12 --- asia 1996/11/22 19:39:06 1996.12.1.1 *************** *** 4,16 **** # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). ! # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1995-07-24): # # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). # Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below. # # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which # I found in the UCLA library. --- 4,25 ---- # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). ! # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): # # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). # Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below. # + # Gwillim Law <LAW(a)encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source + # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport + # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), + # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries + # of the IATA's data after 1990. + # + # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, + # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. + # # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which # I found in the UCLA library. *************** *** 24,30 **** # Corrections are welcome! # std dst # LMT Local Mean Time - # LST Local Star Time (Russian ``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya'') # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time # 2:00 IST IDT Israel # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* --- 33,38 ---- *************** *** 48,59 **** ############################################################################### ! # These rules for Russia are stolen from the `europe' file. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S ! Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - ! Rule RussiaAsia 1984 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - ! Rule RussiaAsia 1985 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S # Afghanistan # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] --- 56,77 ---- ############################################################################### ! # These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S ! Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S ! Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - ! Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - ! Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - ! Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - ! Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - ! Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S ! Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S ! Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - ! Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S ! Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - ! Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Afghanistan # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] *************** *** 85,94 **** 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence ! 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 # Azerbaijan Time ! 3:00 - AZT ! # Shanks has Baku using Russian DST rules after 1991, ! # but usno1995 has Azerbaijan with no DST. Guess no DST after 1991. # Bahrain # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] --- 103,111 ---- 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence ! 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s ! 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time ! 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT # Bahrain # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] *************** *** 287,304 **** # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. # ! # From Paul Eggert (1995-11-13): ! # usno1995 has Georgia at 4:00. Guess that Georgia stopped transitions ! # after spring 1994 (thus sticking at 4:00). ! # Most likely we're still missing some rule changes between 1991 and 1994. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence ! 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep 25 2:00s # Georgia Time ! 4:00 - GET # India # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] --- 304,323 ---- # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. # ! # From Mathew Englander <mathew(a)io.org>, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): ! # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia ! # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, ! # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence ! 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time ! 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun ! 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun ! 5:00 - GET # India # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] *************** *** 340,345 **** --- 359,371 ---- Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 - Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 - + Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00s 1:00 S + Rule Iran 1991 only - Sep 20 0:00s 0 - + Rule Iran 1992 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S + Rule Iran 1992 1993 - Sep 23 0:00 0 - + Rule Iran 1993 max - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S + Rule Iran 1994 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - + Rule Iran 1996 max - Sep 21 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time *************** *** 353,360 **** Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Iraq 1985 max - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S ! Rule Iraq 1986 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? --- 379,389 ---- Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S ! Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D ! # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo. ! Rule Iraq 1991 max - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D ! Rule Iraq 1991 max - Oct 1 3:00s 0 D # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? *************** *** 512,520 **** # Other Japanese possessions are probably like Asia/Tokyo. # Jordan - # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1993-11-18): - # Most likely Shanks is merely guessing dates from 1992 on. - # From Shanks (1991): # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - --- 541,546 ---- *************** *** 529,568 **** Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - ! Rule Jordan 1992 max - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Jordan 1992 max - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 2:00 Jordan EE%sT # Kazakhstan ! # From Paul Eggert (1996-04-19): # Andrew Evtichov <evti(a)chevron.com> (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan ! # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aktau is the biggest city ! # in western Kazakhstan. Follow Shanks before 1991, Evtichov afterwards. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Alma-Ata 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Almaty 5:00 - ALMT 1957 Mar # Alma-Ata Time 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 5:00 1:00 ALMST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 5:00 - ALMT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s ! 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT ! Zone Asia/Aktau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Aqtau 4:00 - SHET 1957 Mar # Fort Shevchenko Time 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s ! 4:00 1:00 AKTST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s ! 4:00 - AKTT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Aktau Time ! 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT # Kirgizstan # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 5:00 - FRUT 1957 Mar # Frunze Time 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 # independence ! 5:00 RussiaAsia KG%sT # Kirgizstan Time ############################################################################### --- 555,610 ---- Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - ! Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - ! Rule Jordan 1993 max - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - ! Rule Jordan 1995 max - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 2:00 Jordan EE%sT # Kazakhstan ! # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): # Andrew Evtichov <evti(a)chevron.com> (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan ! # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk) ! # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones. ! # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time ! # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan. ! # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Alma-Ata 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Almaty 5:00 - ALMT 1957 Mar # Alma-Ata Time 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 5:00 1:00 ALMST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 5:00 - ALMT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s ! 6:00 E-EurAsia ALM%sT ! Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 ! 4:00 - AKT 1957 Mar # Aktyubinsk Time ! 5:00 RussiaAsia AK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s ! 4:00 1:00 AKTST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s ! 4:00 - AQTT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Aqtobe Time ! 5:00 E-EurAsia AQT%sT ! Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Aktau 4:00 - SHET 1957 Mar # Fort Shevchenko Time 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s ! 4:00 1:00 AQTST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s ! 4:00 - AQTT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Aqtau Time ! 5:00 E-EurAsia AQT%sT 1995 Sep lastSun ! 4:00 E-EurAsia AQT%sT # Kirgizstan + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S + Rule Kirgiz 1992 max - Apr Sun>=7 0:00 1:00 S + Rule Kirgiz 1991 max - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 5:00 - FRUT 1957 Mar # Frunze Time 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 # independence ! 5:00 Kirgiz KG%sT # Kirgizstan Time ############################################################################### *************** *** 630,639 **** Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Lebanon 1984 max - Oct 16 0:00 0 - Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Lebanon 1990 max - May 1 0:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT --- 672,684 ---- Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - ! Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT *************** *** 673,680 **** # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Mongol 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Mongol 1981 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - ! Rule Mongol 1985 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S ! Rule Mongol 1985 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] #Zone Asia/Dariv 6:14:32 - LMT 1905 Aug # 6:00 - DART 1978 # Dariv Time --- 718,728 ---- # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Mongol 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Mongol 1981 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - ! Rule Mongol 1985 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S ! Rule Mongol 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - ! Rule Mongol 1991 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Mongol 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - ! Rule Mongol 1996 max - Oct Fri>=22 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] #Zone Asia/Dariv 6:14:32 - LMT 1905 Aug # 6:00 - DART 1978 # Dariv Time *************** *** 712,720 **** Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - ! Rule EgyptAsia 1966 max - Oct 1 3:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 2:00 - EET 1957 May 10 --- 760,768 ---- Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - ! Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 2:00 - EET 1957 May 10 *************** *** 806,813 **** Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - ! Rule Syria 1990 max - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S ! Rule Syria 1990 max - Sep 30 2:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 2:00 Syria EE%sT --- 854,869 ---- Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - ! Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S ! Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - ! Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - ! Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - ! # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says 1997-03-31; assume that it should be 1997-04-01. ! Rule Syria 1994 max - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Syria 1994 max - Oct 1 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 2:00 Syria EE%sT *************** *** 820,829 **** 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 # independence 5:00 RussiaAsia TJ%sT 1992 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time - # Shanks has Dushanbe at 5:00 (6:00 summer) after 1991, - # but a cable from the American Embassy at Dushanbe - # <URL:http://www.itaiep.doc.gov/bisnis/cables/960703ti.html> (1996-07-02) - # says that Tajikistan is at 5:00. Guess no DST after 1991. # Thailand # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] --- 876,881 ---- *************** *** 836,847 **** Zone Asia/Ashkhabad 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashgabat 4:00 - ASHT 1957 Mar # Ashkhabad Time 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s ! 4:00 1:00 ASHST 1991 Oct 27 # independence ! 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 # Turkmenistan Time ! 4:00 - TMT ! # Shanks has Ashkhabad at 4:00 (5:00 summer) after 1991, but ! # DHL <URL:http://www.dhl.com/dhlinfo/country/turkmeni.html> (1996-07-26) ! # reports 4:00. Guess no DST after 1991. # United Arab Emirates # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] --- 888,897 ---- Zone Asia/Ashkhabad 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashgabat 4:00 - ASHT 1957 Mar # Ashkhabad Time 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s ! 4:00 1:00 ASHST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s ! 4:00 - ASHT 1991 Oct 27 # independence ! 4:00 - TMT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s ! 5:00 - TMT # Turkmenistan Time # United Arab Emirates # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/australasia,v retrieving revision 1996.12 retrieving revision 1996.12.1.1 diff -c -r1996.12 -r1996.12.1.1 *** australasia 1996/11/05 18:50:13 1996.12 --- australasia 1996/11/22 19:39:06 1996.12.1.1 *************** *** 35,51 **** 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 8:00 - WST # Queensland Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct lastSun 2:00s 10:00 1:00 EST 1972 Feb lastSun 2:00s ! 10:00 - EST 1989 Oct lastSun 2:00s ! 10:00 1:00 EST 1990 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s ! 10:00 - EST 1990 Oct lastSun 2:00s ! 10:00 1:00 EST 1991 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s ! 10:00 - EST 1991 Oct lastSun 2:00s ! 10:00 1:00 EST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s ! 10:00 - EST # South Australia # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S --- 35,67 ---- 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 8:00 - WST # Queensland + # + # From Alex Livingston <alex(a)agsm.unsw.edu.au> (1996-11-01): + # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast + # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after + # Queensland ceased to. + # + # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): + # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, + # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. + # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, + # so use Lindeman. + # + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S + Rule QL 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - + Rule QL 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - + Rule Holiday 1989 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - + Rule Holiday 1990 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct lastSun 2:00s 10:00 1:00 EST 1972 Feb lastSun 2:00s ! 10:00 QL EST ! Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 ! 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01 ! 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct lastSun 2:00s ! 10:00 1:00 EST 1972 Feb lastSun 2:00s ! 10:00 Holiday EST # South Australia # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S *************** *** 289,299 **** Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1940 Sep 29 2:00 12:00 NZ NZ%sT ! Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 NZ CHA%sT # Antipodes Is, Kermadec Is --- 305,317 ---- Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S + Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D + Rule Chatham 1991 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1940 Sep 29 2:00 12:00 NZ NZ%sT ! Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT # Antipodes Is, Kermadec Is *************** *** 375,383 **** Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Vanuatu 1985 1990 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Vanuatu 1991 max - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Vanuatu 1992 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time --- 393,401 ---- Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - ! Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time *************** *** 400,410 **** # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). ! # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1996-01-22); # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). ! # Except where noted, it is the source for the data above. # # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which --- 418,436 ---- # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). ! # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). ! # ! # Gwillim Law <LAW(a)encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source ! # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport ! # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), ! # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries ! # of the IATA's data after 1990. ! # ! # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, ! # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. # # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which *************** *** 799,806 **** # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. # ! # Shanks gives no data for Chatham, but usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45. ! # Guess NZ switchover rules for now. ############################################################################### --- 825,835 ---- # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. # ! # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): ! # Shanks gives no data for Chatham; usno1989 says it's +12:45, ! # usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45, and IATA SSIM (1991/1996) ! # gives the NZ rules but with transitions at 2:45 local standard time. ! # Guess that they adopted DST in 1990. ############################################################################### =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/etcetera,v retrieving revision 1996.4 retrieving revision 1996.4.1.1 diff -c -r1996.4 -r1996.4.1.1 *** etcetera 1996/03/19 01:49:39 1996.4 --- etcetera 1996/11/22 19:39:06 1996.4.1.1 *************** *** 1,15 **** # @(#)etcetera 7.5 ! # All of these are set up just so people can "zic -l" to a timezone ! # that's right for their area, even if it doesn't have a name or DST rules ! # (half hour zones are too much to bother with -- when someone asks!) Zone Etc/GMT 0 - GMT ! Link Etc/GMT Etc/UTC ! Link Etc/GMT Etc/UCT ! Link Etc/GMT Etc/Universal Link Etc/GMT Etc/Greenwich - Link Etc/GMT Etc/Zulu Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT-0 Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT+0 Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT0 --- 1,19 ---- # @(#)etcetera 7.5 ! # These entries are mostly present for historical reasons, so that ! # people in areas not otherwise covered by the tz files could "zic -l" ! # to a time zone that was right for their area. These days, the ! # tz files cover almost all the inhabited world, so there's little ! # need now for the entries that are not on UTC. Zone Etc/GMT 0 - GMT ! Zone Etc/UTC 0 - UTC ! Zone Etc/UCT 0 - UCT ! ! Link Etc/UTC Etc/Universal ! Link Etc/UTC Etc/Zulu ! Link Etc/GMT Etc/Greenwich Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT-0 Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT+0 Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT0 =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/europe,v retrieving revision 1996.12 retrieving revision 1996.12.1.1 diff -c -r1996.12 -r1996.12.1.1 *** europe 1996/11/05 18:50:14 1996.12 --- europe 1996/11/22 19:39:06 1996.12.1.1 *************** *** 4,14 **** # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). ! # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1996-09-03): # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). ! # Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below. # # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which --- 4,22 ---- # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). ! # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). ! # ! # Gwillim Law <LAW(a)encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source ! # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport ! # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), ! # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries ! # of the IATA's data after 1990. ! # ! # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, ! # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. # # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which *************** *** 27,32 **** --- 35,41 ---- # 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe # 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe + # 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow # # See the `africa' file for time zone naming and abbreviation conventions. # *************** *** 826,831 **** --- 835,848 ---- Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - + # E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. + Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S + Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - + Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - + Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - + Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S + Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time *************** *** 836,850 **** Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S # Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition. ! # From Andrew A. Chernov <ache(a)astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12): # My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21. Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 DS Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - ! Rule Russia 1984 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - ! Rule Russia 1985 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S # These are for backward compatibility with older versions. --- 853,872 ---- Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S # Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition. ! # From Andrey A. Chernov <ache(a)astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12): # My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21. Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 DS Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - ! Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - ! Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S ! Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S ! Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - ! Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S ! Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - ! Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - # These are for backward compatibility with older versions. *************** *** 913,919 **** Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1985 Mar 31 1:00 ! 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT # Andorra # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] --- 935,942 ---- Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1985 Mar 31 1:00 ! 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1991 ! 1:00 EU CE%sT # Andorra # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] *************** *** 944,954 **** # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 ! 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1922 Oct # Moscow Time 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 ! 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s ! 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT # Belgium # Whitman and Shanks disagree; go with Shanks, usually. --- 967,979 ---- # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 ! 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 ! 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s ! 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00 ! 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00 ! 2:00 Russia EE%sT # Belgium # Whitman and Shanks disagree; go with Shanks, usually. *************** *** 1021,1027 **** 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 ! 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT # Croatia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] --- 1046,1053 ---- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 ! 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 ! 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT # Croatia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] *************** *** 1077,1106 **** Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn 0:00 - WET 1981 0:00 EU WE%sT ! Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 ! -1:00 C-Eur EG%sT ! Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 ! -3:00 C-Eur WG%sT ! Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 ! -4:00 - AST # Estonia # From Peter Ilieve <peter(a)memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15): # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 ! 3:00 - MOST 1941 Sep 15 # Moscow Time 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 ! 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT --- 1103,1156 ---- Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn 0:00 - WET 1981 0:00 EU WE%sT ! # ! # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): ! # Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, ! # and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU ! # rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab ! # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU ! # rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. ! ! # ! # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S ! Rule Thule 1993 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D ! Rule Thule 1993 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S ! # ! # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] ! Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormit -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 ! -1:00 EU EG%sT ! Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 ! -3:00 EU WG%sT ! Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik ! -4:00 Thule A%sT # Estonia # From Peter Ilieve <peter(a)memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15): # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... + # + # From Peter Ilieve <peter(a)aldie.co.uk> (1996-10-28): + # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, + # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] + # ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different + # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules + # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... + # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on + # human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to + # summer time next spring.'' # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 ! 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 ! 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT *************** *** 1418,1423 **** --- 1468,1481 ---- Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino # Latvia + # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): + # Rules after 1991 are by extension from Shanks. They contradict + # IATA SSIM (1992/1996), which claims Latvia uses W-Eur rules, but + # Peter Ilieve's relative writes that Latvia switched in September this year, + # so we'll assume that the old C-Eur-style rules still apply. + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S + Rule Latvia 1992 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S + Rule Latvia 1992 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time *************** *** 1426,1436 **** 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 ! 3:00 - MOST 1941 Jul # Moscow Time 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 8 ! 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s ! 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT # Liechtenstein # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] --- 1484,1494 ---- 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 ! 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 8 ! 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s ! 2:00 Latvia EE%sT # Liechtenstein # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] *************** *** 1446,1456 **** 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 ! 3:00 - MOST 1941 Jun 24 # Moscow Time 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug ! 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT # Luxembourg # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks. --- 1504,1517 ---- 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 ! 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug ! 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT + # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): + # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is + # known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. # Luxembourg # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks. *************** *** 1517,1525 **** # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1924 May 2 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 ! 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Moscow Time 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s ! 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT # Monaco # Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21. --- 1578,1586 ---- # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1924 May 2 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 ! 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s ! 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT # Monaco # Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21. *************** *** 1631,1639 **** --- 1692,1721 ---- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT + # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_ + # <URL:http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml> + # (1995-09-24) says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00. + # Stick with W-Eur for now. # Portugal # Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15. + # + # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps(a)inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12): + # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone + # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. + # + # Martin Bruckmann <martin(a)ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve + # that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. + # The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. + # + # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): + # IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions + # at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. + # IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. + # IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. + # Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal + # harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. + # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S # Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks. *************** *** 1701,1723 **** 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s ! # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps(a)inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12): ! # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone ! # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. ! 0:00 EU WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s ! # Martin Bruckmann <martin(a)ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve ! # that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. ! # The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 0:00 EU WE%sT - # We don't know what happened to Madeira or the Azores, - # so we'll just use Shanks for now. - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s ! -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time --- 1783,1798 ---- 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s ! 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 0:00 EU WE%sT Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s ! -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s ! 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u ! -1:00 EU AZO%sT Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time *************** *** 1733,1770 **** Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s ! 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT # Russia # From Shanks (1991): # In 1929 the Soviet Union instituted a 5 day week; in 1932 it instituted # a 6 day week; on 1940-06-27 it returned to the Gregorian week. # ! # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1996-09-03): ! # Moscow rules after 1991 are from Andrew A. Chernov <ache(a)astral.msk.su>. ! # I invented the time zone names, and (unless otherwise specified) ! # guessed what happened after 1991; the clocks were chaotic, and we know little. ! # The rest is from Shanks. ! # ! # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 ! 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1922 Oct # Moscow TIme 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 ! 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s ! 3:00 Russia MOS%sT ! Zone Europe/Kuybyshev 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 3:00 - KUYT 1957 Mar # Kuybyshev Time 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3:00 1:00 KUYST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s ! 3:00 - KUYT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s ! 4:00 Russia KUY%sT Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2 4:00 - SVET 1957 Mar # Sverdlovsk Time 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s --- 1808,1869 ---- Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - + Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S + Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s ! 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 ! 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 ! 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT # Russia # From Shanks (1991): # In 1929 the Soviet Union instituted a 5 day week; in 1932 it instituted # a 6 day week; on 1940-06-27 it returned to the Gregorian week. # ! # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): ! # Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations, ! # and (unless otherwise specified) guessed what happened after 1991. ! # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, ! # are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks and the IATA. ! # ! # From Andrey A. Chernov <ache(a)nagual.ru> (1996-10-04): ! # `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with ! # Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... ! # The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor ! # (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. ! # ! # From Chris Carrier <72157.3334(a)CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30): ! # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from ! # Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... ! # still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. ! # ! # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] ! Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr ! 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 ! 2:00 Poland CET 1946 ! 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s ! 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s ! 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s ! 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1994 ! # IATA SSIM (1994-02) says Kaliningrad is at UTC+2; guess 1994 change. ! 2:00 Russia EE%sT Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 ! 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 ! 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s ! 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD ! Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 3:00 - KUYT 1957 Mar # Kuybyshev Time 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3:00 1:00 KUYST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s ! 3:00 - SAMT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Samara Time ! 4:00 Russia SAM%sT Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2 4:00 - SVET 1957 Mar # Sverdlovsk Time 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s *************** *** 1916,1921 **** --- 2015,2022 ---- 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s 0:00 EU WE%sT + # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. + # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. # Sweden *************** *** 2026,2032 **** 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986 ! 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. # Ukraine --- 2127,2134 ---- 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986 ! 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 ! 2:00 EU EE%sT Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. # Ukraine *************** *** 2053,2075 **** Rule Crimea 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 CDST Rule Crimea 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 CST Rule Crimea 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 NMT # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 2:02:04 Ukraine %s 1924 May 2 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 ! 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1990 Jul 17 # Moscow Time ! 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 2:08:00 Crimea %s 1924 May 2 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 ! 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s ! # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1994-05-28): ! # Today's _Economist_ (p 45) reports that Crimea switched ! # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January elections. ! # For now, we'll guess that there was a 2-hour leap forward on March 27. ! 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 Mar 27 2:00s ! 3:00 Russia MOS%sT # Yugoslavia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] --- 2155,2182 ---- Rule Crimea 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 CDST Rule Crimea 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 CST Rule Crimea 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 NMT + Rule Crimea 1996 max - Mar lastSun 0:00u 1:00 - + Rule Crimea 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00u 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 2:02:04 Ukraine %s 1924 May 2 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 ! 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 17 ! 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1996 ! 2:00 EU EE%sT Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 2:08:00 Crimea %s 1924 May 2 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 ! 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s ! # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1996-10-21): ! # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that most of Crimea switched ! # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. ! # For now, guess it changed Feb 1. ! 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 Feb ! # From IATA SSIM (1994/1996), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. ! 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 ! 3:00 Crimea MSK/MSD # Yugoslavia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/northamerica,v retrieving revision 1996.12 retrieving revision 1996.12.1.1 diff -c -r1996.12 -r1996.12.1.1 *** northamerica 1996/11/05 18:50:14 1996.12 --- northamerica 1996/11/22 19:39:06 1996.12.1.1 *************** *** 462,472 **** ################################################################################ ! # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1993-11-18): # A good source for time zone historical data outside the US is # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). ! # Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below. # # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which --- 462,480 ---- ################################################################################ ! # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): # A good source for time zone historical data outside the US is # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). ! # ! # Gwillim Law <LAW(a)encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source ! # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport ! # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), ! # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries ! # of the IATA's data after 1990. ! # ! # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, ! # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. # # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which *************** *** 523,529 **** Rule Canada 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D ! # Newfoundland # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule StJohns 1917 1918 - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D --- 531,537 ---- Rule Canada 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D ! # Newfoundland (except Labrador) # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule StJohns 1917 1918 - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D *************** *** 560,570 **** # St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/St_Johns -3:30:52 - LMT 1884 ! -3:31 StJohns N%sT 1935 Mar 30 -3:30 StJohns N%sT ! # Labrador, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12): # Shanks writes that since 1970 most of this region has been like Halifax. --- 568,590 ---- # St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/St_Johns -3:30:52 - LMT 1884 ! -3:30:52 StJohns N%sT 1935 Mar 30 -3:30 StJohns N%sT ! # east Labrador ! ! # The name `Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use `Goose Bay'. ! # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] ! Zone America/Goose_Bay -4:01:40 - LMT 1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay ! -3:30:52 StJohns NST 1919 ! -3:30:52 - NST 1935 Mar 30 ! -3:30 - NST 1936 ! -3:30 StJohns N%sT 1966 Mar 15 2:00 ! -4:00 StJohns A%sT ! ! ! # west Labrador, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12): # Shanks writes that since 1970 most of this region has been like Halifax. *************** *** 825,833 **** # Northwest Territories, Yukon ! # From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12): # Dawson switched to PST in 1973. Inuvik switched to MST in 1979. # Shanks's table for Watson Lake is corrupted, so we have no data there. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D --- 845,861 ---- # Northwest Territories, Yukon ! # From Paul Eggert (1996-10-07): # Dawson switched to PST in 1973. Inuvik switched to MST in 1979. # Shanks's table for Watson Lake is corrupted, so we have no data there. + # Mathew Englander <mathew(a)io.org> (1996-10-07) gives the following refs: + # * 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68, + # c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9. This is still valid; + # see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1). + # * C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00. + # * O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST. + # * O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00. + # Shanks says Yukon's 1973-10-28 switch was at 2:00; go with Englander. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D *************** *** 857,863 **** -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1966 Jul 1 2:00 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 ! -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1973 Oct lastSun 2:00 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT --- 885,891 ---- -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1966 Jul 1 2:00 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 Aug 20 ! -9:00 NT_YK Y%sT 1973 Oct 28 0:00 -8:00 NT_YK P%sT *************** *** 1070,1077 **** # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule CR 1979 1980 - Feb lastSun 0:00 1:00 D Rule CR 1979 1980 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 0 S ! Rule CR 1991 only - Jan 19 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule CR 1991 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S # There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use `Costa Rica'. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:20 - LMT 1890 # San Jose --- 1098,1107 ---- # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule CR 1979 1980 - Feb lastSun 0:00 1:00 D Rule CR 1979 1980 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 0 S ! Rule CR 1991 1992 - Jan Sat>=15 0:00 1:00 D ! # IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00; go with Shanks. ! Rule CR 1991 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S ! Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S # There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use `Costa Rica'. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:20 - LMT 1890 # San Jose *************** *** 1114,1123 **** Rule Cuba 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S Rule Cuba 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D Rule Cuba 1981 1985 - May Sun>=5 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Cuba 1981 max - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S Rule Cuba 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=14 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Cuba 1990 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Cuba 1991 max - Mar Sun>=14 0:00 1:00 D # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890 --- 1144,1154 ---- Rule Cuba 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S Rule Cuba 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D Rule Cuba 1981 1985 - May Sun>=5 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Cuba 1981 1990 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S Rule Cuba 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=14 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Cuba 1990 max - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Cuba 1991 1995 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00s 0 S ! Rule Cuba 1996 max - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890 *************** *** 1168,1173 **** --- 1199,1206 ---- Rule Guat 1974 only - Feb 24 0:00 0 S Rule Guat 1983 only - May 21 0:00 1:00 D Rule Guat 1983 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S + Rule Guat 1991 only - Mar 23 0:00 1:00 D + Rule Guat 1991 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Guatemala -6:02:04 - LMT 1918 Oct 5 -6:00 Guat C%sT *************** *** 1177,1184 **** Rule Haiti 1983 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 D Rule Haiti 1984 1987 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D Rule Haiti 1983 1987 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S ! Rule Haiti 1988 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D ! Rule Haiti 1988 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 - LMT 1890 -4:49 - PPMT 1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT --- 1210,1218 ---- Rule Haiti 1983 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 D Rule Haiti 1984 1987 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D Rule Haiti 1983 1987 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S ! # Shanks says AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says 1:00s. Go with IATA. ! Rule Haiti 1988 max - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D ! Rule Haiti 1988 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 - LMT 1890 -4:49 - PPMT 1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT *************** *** 1203,1209 **** Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:12 - LMT 1890 # Kingston -5:07 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time -5:00 - EST 1974 Jan 6 2:00 ! -5:00 US E%sT # Martinique # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] --- 1237,1244 ---- Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:12 - LMT 1890 # Kingston -5:07 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time -5:00 - EST 1974 Jan 6 2:00 ! -5:00 US E%sT 1984 ! -5:00 - EST # Martinique # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] *************** *** 1222,1233 **** # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Jun Mon>=23 0:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Managua -5:45:08 - LMT 1890 -5:45 - MMT 1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time -6:00 - CST 1973 May -5:00 - EST 1975 Feb 16 ! -6:00 Nic C%sT # Panama # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] --- 1257,1271 ---- # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 D Rule Nic 1979 1980 - Jun Mon>=23 0:00 0 S + Rule Nic 1992 only - Jan 1 4:00 1:00 D + Rule Nic 1992 only - Sep 24 0:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Managua -5:45:08 - LMT 1890 -5:45 - MMT 1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time -6:00 - CST 1973 May -5:00 - EST 1975 Feb 16 ! -6:00 Nic C%sT 1993 Jan 1 4:00 ! -5:00 - EST # Panama # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] *************** *** 1268,1278 **** -4:00 - AST # Turks and Caicos # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890 -5:07 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time ! -5:00 - EST 1979 Apr 29 2:00 ! -5:00 US E%sT # British Virgin Is # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] --- 1306,1322 ---- -4:00 - AST # Turks and Caicos + # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): + # Shanks says they use US DST rules, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) + # says they switch at midnight. Go with IATA SSIM. + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S + Rule TC 1979 1986 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D + Rule TC 1979 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S + Rule TC 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890 -5:07 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time ! -5:00 TC E%sT # British Virgin Is # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/southamerica,v retrieving revision 1996.12 retrieving revision 1996.12.1.1 diff -c -r1996.12 -r1996.12.1.1 *** southamerica 1996/11/05 18:50:15 1996.12 --- southamerica 1996/11/22 19:39:06 1996.12.1.1 *************** *** 4,14 **** # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). ! # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1996-09-03): # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). ! # Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below. # # The following abbreviations are used in this file. # Corrections are welcome! --- 4,22 ---- # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). ! # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). ! # ! # Gwillim Law <LAW(a)encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source ! # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport ! # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), ! # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries ! # of the IATA's data after 1990. ! # ! # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, ! # and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. # # The following abbreviations are used in this file. # Corrections are welcome! *************** *** 103,113 **** --- 111,174 ---- # to the time zones (for daylight saving) are now made. # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] + # + # Buenos Aires (BA), Distrito Federal (DF), Santa Cruz (SC), + # Tierra del Fuego (TF) & Antartida e Islas Zone America/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT 1894 Nov -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 -3:00 Arg AR%sT + # + # Santa Fe (SF), Entre Rios (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN), Chaco (CC), + # Formosa (FM), La Pampa (LP), Chubut (CH) + Zone America/Rosario -4:02:40 - LMT 1894 Nov + -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May + -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec + -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 + -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Jul + -3:00 - ART + # + # Cordoba (CB), Santiago del Estero (SE), Salta (SA), Tucuman (TM), La Rioja (LR), San Juan (SJ), San Luis (SL), + # Neuquen (NQ), Rio Negro (RN) + Zone America/Cordoba -4:16:44 - LMT 1894 Nov + -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May + -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec + -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 + -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1990 Jul + -3:00 - ART + # + # Jujuy (JY) + Zone America/Jujuy -4:21:12 - LMT 1894 Nov + -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May + -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec + -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 + -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Mar 3 + -4:00 - WART 1991 Oct 6 + -4:00 1:00 WARST 1992 Mar 15 + -4:00 - WART 1992 Oct 18 + -3:00 - ART + # + # Catamarca (CT) + Zone America/Catamarca -4:23:08 - LMT 1894 Nov + -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May + -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec + -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 + -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1990 Jul + -3:00 - ART 1991 Jul + -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1992 Jul + -3:00 - ART + # + # Mendoza (MZ) + Zone America/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT 1894 Nov + -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May + -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec + -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 + -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Mar 3 + -4:00 - WART 1991 Oct 15 + -4:00 1:00 WARST 1992 Mar 1 + -4:00 - WART 1992 Oct 18 + -3:00 - ART # Aruba # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] *************** *** 132,169 **** # "[America/Porto_Acre]" is for the Territory of Acre; # "[America/Noronha]" is for Fernando De Noronha. - # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): - # The only information I found is that there was no DST up to 1985. - # But there was some before 1952! - - # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-16): - # BRAZIL WEST 5 H BEHIND UTC TERRITORY OF ACRE - # BRAZIL WEST 4 H BEHIND UTC ACRE OCT 23, '88-FEB 11, - # BRAZIL '89 (ESTIMATED) - # BRAZIL CENTRAL 4 H BEHIND UTC MANAUS - # BRAZIL CENTRAL 3 H BEHIND UTC MANAUS OCT 23, '88-FEB 11, - # BRAZIL CENTRAL '89 (ESTIMATED) - # BRAZIL EAST 3 H BEHIND UTC COASTAL STATES, RIO, SAO - # BRAZIL EAST PAULO, BRASILIA - # BRAZIL EAST 2 H BEHIND UTC COASTAL STATES, RIO, SAO - # BRAZIL PAULO, BRASILIA OCT 23, - # BRAZIL '88-FEB 11, '89 - # BRAZIL (ESTIMATED) - # BRAZIL 2 H BEHIND UTC ATLANTIC ISLANDS, FERNANDO - # BRAZIL DE NORONHA - # BRAZIL 1 H BEHIND UTC OCT 23, '88-FEB 11, '89 - # BRAZIL (ESTIMATED) - # BRAZIL 3 H BEHIND UTC FOR MOST MAJOR AIRPORTS. - # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1993-11-18): # The mayor of Rio recently attempted to change the time zone rules # just in his city, in order to leave more summer time for the tourist trade. # The rule change lasted only part of the day; # the federal government refused to follow the city's rules, and business # was in a chaos, so the mayor backed down that afternoon. ! # Shanks claims Acre stopped observing DST after 1988 Feb 7, but it ! # could just be that his table ran out of room. We're extrapolating ! # about time zone changes after 1990 Feb 11. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Brazil 1931 only - Oct 3 11:00 1:00 D --- 193,247 ---- # "[America/Porto_Acre]" is for the Territory of Acre; # "[America/Noronha]" is for Fernando De Noronha. # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1993-11-18): # The mayor of Rio recently attempted to change the time zone rules # just in his city, in order to leave more summer time for the tourist trade. # The rule change lasted only part of the day; # the federal government refused to follow the city's rules, and business # was in a chaos, so the mayor backed down that afternoon. ! ! # From IATA SSIM (1996-02): ! # _Only_ the following states in BR1 observe DST: Rio Grande do Sul (RS), ! # Santa Catarina (SC), Parana (PR), Sao Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), ! # Espirito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), Bahia (BA), Goias (GO), ! # Distrito Federal (DF), Tocantins (TO), Sergipe [SE] and Alagoas [AL]. ! # [The last three states are new to this issue of the IATA SSIM.] ! ! # From Gwillim Law (1996-10-07): ! # Geography, history (Tocantins was part of Goias until 1989), and other ! # sources of time zone information lead me to believe that AL, SE, and TO were ! # always in BR1, and so the only change was whether or not they observed DST.... ! # The earliest issue of the SSIM I have is 2/91. Each issue from then until ! # 9/95 says that DST is observed only in the ten states I quoted from 9/95, ! # along with Mato Grosso (MT) and Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), which are in BR2 ! # (UTC-4).... The other two time zones given for Brazil are BR3, which is ! # UTC-5, no DST, and applies only in the state of Acre (AC); and BR4, which is ! # UTC-2, and applies to Fernando de Noronha (formerly FN, but I believe it's ! # become part of the state of Pernambuco). The boundary between BR1 and BR2 ! # has never been clearly stated. They've simply been called East and West. ! # However, some conclusions can be drawn from another IATA manual: the Airline ! # Coding Directory, which lists close to 400 airports in Brazil. For each ! # airport it gives a time zone which is coded to the SSIM. From that ! # information, I'm led to conclude that the states of Amapa (AP), Ceara (CE), ! # Maranhao (MA), Paraiba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piaui (PI), and Rio Grande do ! # Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Para (PA) are all in BR1 without DST. ! ! # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): ! # Let's make the following assumptions: ! # ! # * All data in Shanks are correct through 1990. In particular, ! # Shanks was right when he said Acre stopped observing DST in mid-1988. ! # * Areas where Shanks reports DST up to 1990, but the IATA reports no DST ! # in 1995, stopped observing DST in mid-1990. ! # ! # Under these assumptions Brazil needs 7 entries to cover all the distinct ! # time zone histories since 1970: ! # ! # Noronha (UTC-2), Fortaleza (UTC-3), and Manaus (UTC-4) stopped observing DST ! # in mid-1990. ! # Maceio (UTC-3) stopped observing DST in mid-1990, but started again mid-1995. ! # Sao Paulo (UTC-3) and Cuiaba (UTC-4) always observed DST. ! # Porto Acre (UTC-5) stopped observing DST in mid-1988. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Brazil 1931 only - Oct 3 11:00 1:00 D *************** *** 185,205 **** Rule Brazil 1987 only - Feb 14 0:00 0 S Rule Brazil 1988 only - Feb 7 0:00 0 S Rule Brazil 1989 only - Jan 22 0:00 0 S ! Rule Brazil 1988 max - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Brazil 1990 max - Feb Sun>=8 0:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Noronha -2:09:40 - LMT 1914 -2:00 - FST 1963 Dec 9 ! -2:00 Brazil F%sT Zone America/Sao_Paulo -3:06:28 - LMT 1914 -3:00 Brazil E%sT ! Zone America/Manaus -4:00:04 - LMT 1914 -4:00 - WST 1963 Dec 9 -4:00 Brazil W%sT # Rio_Branco is too ambiguous, since there's a Rio Branco in Uruguay too. Zone America/Porto_Acre -4:31:12 - LMT 1914 -5:00 - AST 1963 Dec 9 ! -5:00 Brazil A%sT # # Martin Vaz and Trinidade are like America/Noronha. --- 263,321 ---- Rule Brazil 1987 only - Feb 14 0:00 0 S Rule Brazil 1988 only - Feb 7 0:00 0 S Rule Brazil 1989 only - Jan 22 0:00 0 S ! Rule Brazil 1988 1989 - Oct Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Brazil 1990 1991 - Feb Sun>=11 0:00 0 S ! Rule Brazil 1990 1992 - Oct Sun>=20 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Brazil 1992 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 S ! Rule Brazil 1993 max - Oct Sun>=11 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Brazil 1993 only - Jan 31 0:00 0 S ! Rule Brazil 1994 1995 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 S ! Rule Brazil 1996 max - Feb Sun>=11 0:00 0 S ! # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] + # + # Fernando de Noronha Zone America/Noronha -2:09:40 - LMT 1914 -2:00 - FST 1963 Dec 9 ! -2:00 Brazil F%sT 1990 Jul ! -2:00 - FST ! # ! # Amapa, east Para, Maranhao, Piaui, Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraiba, ! # Pernambuco (except Fernando de Noronha) ! Zone America/Fortaleza -2:34:00 - LMT 1914 ! -3:00 - EST 1963 Dec 9 ! -3:00 Brazil E%sT 1990 Jul ! -3:00 - EST ! # ! # Alagoas, Sergipe, Tocantins ! Zone America/Maceio -2:22:52 - LMT 1914 ! -3:00 - EST 1963 Dec 9 ! -3:00 Brazil E%sT 1990 Jul ! -3:00 - EST 1995 Jul ! -3:00 Brazil E%sT ! # ! # Bahia, Goias, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, ! # Sao Paulo, Parana, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul Zone America/Sao_Paulo -3:06:28 - LMT 1914 -3:00 Brazil E%sT ! # ! # Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul ! Zone America/Cuiaba -3:44:20 - LMT 1914 -4:00 - WST 1963 Dec 9 -4:00 Brazil W%sT + # + # Roraima, west Para, Amazonas, Rondonia + Zone America/Manaus -4:00:04 - LMT 1914 + -4:00 - WST 1963 Dec 9 + -4:00 Brazil W%sT 1990 Jul + -4:00 - WST + # + # Acre # Rio_Branco is too ambiguous, since there's a Rio Branco in Uruguay too. Zone America/Porto_Acre -4:31:12 - LMT 1914 -5:00 - AST 1963 Dec 9 ! -5:00 Brazil A%sT 1988 Jul ! -5:00 - AST # # Martin Vaz and Trinidade are like America/Noronha. *************** *** 217,222 **** --- 333,340 ---- Rule Chile 1928 1932 - Apr 1 0:00 0 - Rule Chile 1969 max - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S Rule Chile 1970 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 - + # IATA SSIM anomalies: (1990-09) says 1990-09-16; (1992-02) says 1992-03-14; + # (1996-09) says 1998-03-08. Ignore these for now. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Santiago -4:42:40 - LMT 1890 -4:42:40 - SMT 1910 # Santiago Mean Time *************** *** 233,242 **** # Colombia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Bogota -4:56:20 - LMT 1884 Mar 13 -4:56:20 - BMT 1914 Nov 23 # Bogota Mean Time ! -5:00 - COT # Colombia Time # Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres # no information; probably like America/Bogota --- 351,363 ---- # Colombia + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S + Rule CO 1992 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S + Rule CO 1992 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Bogota -4:56:20 - LMT 1884 Mar 13 -4:56:20 - BMT 1914 Nov 23 # Bogota Mean Time ! -5:00 CO CO%sT # Colombia Time # Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres # no information; probably like America/Bogota *************** *** 265,272 **** Rule Falk 1983 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S Rule Falk 1984 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule Falk 1984 only - Sep 16 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Falk 1985 max - Sep Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S Rule Falk 1986 max - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Atlantic/Stanley -3:51:24 - LMT 1890 -3:51:24 - SMT 1912 Mar 12 # Stanley Mean Time --- 386,394 ---- Rule Falk 1983 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S Rule Falk 1984 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule Falk 1984 only - Sep 16 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Falk 1985 1995 - Sep Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S Rule Falk 1986 max - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 0 - + Rule Falk 1996 max - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Atlantic/Stanley -3:51:24 - LMT 1890 -3:51:24 - SMT 1912 Mar 12 # Stanley Mean Time *************** *** 285,292 **** Zone America/Guyana -3:52:40 - LMT 1915 Mar # Georgetown -3:45 - GBGT 1966 May 26 # Br Guiana Time -3:45 - GYT 1975 Jul 31 # Guyana Time ! -3:00 - GYT ! # Paraguay --- 407,415 ---- Zone America/Guyana -3:52:40 - LMT 1915 Mar # Georgetown -3:45 - GBGT 1966 May 26 # Br Guiana Time -3:45 - GYT 1975 Jul 31 # Guyana Time ! -3:00 - GYT 1991 ! # IATA SSIM (1996-06) says -4:00. Assume a 1991 switch. ! -4:00 - GYT # Paraguay *************** *** 303,312 **** Rule Para 1975 1978 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Para 1975 1978 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - # Shanks says 1979 was all DST. ! Rule Para 1980 max - Apr 1 0:00 0 - Rule Para 1980 1988 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Para 1989 only - Oct 22 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Para 1990 max - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Asuncion -3:50:40 - LMT 1890 -3:50:40 - AMT 1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time --- 426,442 ---- Rule Para 1975 1978 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Para 1975 1978 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - # Shanks says 1979 was all DST. ! Rule Para 1980 1991 - Apr 1 0:00 0 - Rule Para 1980 1988 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Para 1989 only - Oct 22 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Para 1990 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Para 1991 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Para 1992 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 - ! Rule Para 1992 only - Oct 5 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Para 1993 only - Mar 31 0:00 0 - ! Rule Para 1993 max - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Para 1994 1995 - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 - ! Rule Para 1996 max - Mar 1 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Asuncion -3:50:40 - LMT 1890 -3:50:40 - AMT 1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time *************** *** 324,329 **** --- 454,461 ---- Rule Peru 1987 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 - Rule Peru 1990 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Peru 1990 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 - + Rule Peru 1993 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S + Rule Peru 1993 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Lima -5:08:12 - LMT 1890 -5:09 - LMT 1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time *************** *** 396,402 **** Rule Uruguay 1988 only - Dec 11 0:00 1:00 S Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Mar 12 0:00 0 - Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Oct 29 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Uruguay 1990 only - Mar 4 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Montevideo -3:44:44 - LMT 1898 Jun 28 -3:44:44 - MMT 1920 May 1 # Montevideo MT --- 528,537 ---- Rule Uruguay 1988 only - Dec 11 0:00 1:00 S Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Mar 12 0:00 0 - Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Oct 29 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Uruguay 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - ! Rule Uruguay 1990 1991 - Oct Sun>=21 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Uruguay 1992 1993 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Uruguay 1993 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Montevideo -3:44:44 - LMT 1898 Jun 28 -3:44:44 - MMT 1920 May 1 # Montevideo MT =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/zone.tab,v retrieving revision 1.1 retrieving revision 1.2 diff -c -r1.1 -r1.2 *** zone.tab 1996/09/03 23:48:46 1.1 --- zone.tab 1996/11/22 19:42:05 1.2 *************** *** 31,39 **** AO -0848+01314 Africa/Luanda AQ -7750+16636 Antarctica/McMurdo McMurdo Station, Ross Island AQ -9000+00000 Antarctica/South_Pole Amundsen-Scott Station, South Pole ! AQ -6617+11031 Antarctica/Casey Casey Station, Bailey Peninsula AQ -6736+06253 Antarctica/Mawson Mawson Station, Holme Bay ! AR -3436-05827 America/Buenos_Aires AS -1416-17042 Pacific/Pago_Pago AT +4813+01620 Europe/Vienna AU -3133+15905 Australia/Lord_Howe Lord Howe Island --- 31,45 ---- AO -0848+01314 Africa/Luanda AQ -7750+16636 Antarctica/McMurdo McMurdo Station, Ross Island AQ -9000+00000 Antarctica/South_Pole Amundsen-Scott Station, South Pole ! AQ -6448-06406 Antarctica/Palmer Palmer Station, Anvers Island AQ -6736+06253 Antarctica/Mawson Mawson Station, Holme Bay ! AQ -6617+11031 Antarctica/Casey Casey Station, Bailey Peninsula ! AR -3436-05827 America/Buenos_Aires E Argentina (BA, DF, SC, TF) ! AR -3257-06040 America/Rosario NE Argentina (SF, ER, CN, MN, CC, FM, LP, CH) ! AR -3124-06411 America/Cordoba W Argentina (CB, SA, TM, LR, SJ, SL, NQ, RN) ! AR -2411-06518 America/Jujuy Jujuy (JY) ! AR -2828-06547 America/Catamarca Catamarca (CT) ! AR -3253-06849 America/Mendoza Mendoza (MZ) AS -1416-17042 Pacific/Pago_Pago AT +4813+01620 Europe/Vienna AU -3133+15905 Australia/Lord_Howe Lord Howe Island *************** *** 41,47 **** AU -3749+14458 Australia/Melbourne Victoria AU -3352+15113 Australia/Sydney New South Wales - most locations AU -3157+14127 Australia/Broken_Hill New South Wales - Broken Hill ! AU -2728+15302 Australia/Brisbane Queensland AU -3455+13835 Australia/Adelaide South Australia AU -1228+13050 Australia/Darwin Northern Territory AU -3157+11551 Australia/Perth Western Australia --- 47,54 ---- AU -3749+14458 Australia/Melbourne Victoria AU -3352+15113 Australia/Sydney New South Wales - most locations AU -3157+14127 Australia/Broken_Hill New South Wales - Broken Hill ! AU -2728+15302 Australia/Brisbane Queensland - most locations ! AU -2016+14900 Australia/Lindeman Queensland - Holiday Islands AU -3455+13835 Australia/Adelaide South Australia AU -1228+13050 Australia/Darwin Northern Territory AU -3157+11551 Australia/Perth Western Australia *************** *** 59,67 **** BM +3217-06446 Atlantic/Bermuda BN +0456+11455 Asia/Brunei BO -1630-06809 America/La_Paz ! BR -0351-03225 America/Noronha Atlantic islands ! BR -2332-04637 America/Sao_Paulo east Brazil ! BR -0308-06001 America/Manaus west Brazil BR -0934-06731 America/Porto_Acre Acre BS +2505-07721 America/Nassau BT +2728+08939 Asia/Thimbu --- 66,77 ---- BM +3217-06446 Atlantic/Bermuda BN +0456+11455 Asia/Brunei BO -1630-06809 America/La_Paz ! BR -0351-03225 America/Noronha Fernando de Noronha ! BR -0343-03830 America/Fortaleza NE Brazil (AP, east PA, MA, PI, CE, RN, PR, PE) ! BR -0940-03543 America/Maceio ENE Brazil (AL, SE, TO) ! BR -2332-04637 America/Sao_Paulo S & SE Brazil (BA, GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS) ! BR -1535-05605 America/Cuiaba SW Brazil (MT, MS) ! BR -0308-06001 America/Manaus NW Brazil (RR, west PA, AM, RO) BR -0934-06731 America/Porto_Acre Acre BS +2505-07721 America/Nassau BT +2728+08939 Asia/Thimbu *************** *** 69,76 **** BY +5354+02734 Europe/Minsk BZ +1730-08812 America/Belize CA +4734-05243 America/St_Johns Newfoundland Island ! CA +4439-06336 America/Halifax Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia (most locations), New Brunswick, Labrador & PEI CA +4612-05957 America/Glace_Bay Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia - places that did not observe DST 1966-1971 CA +6608-06544 America/Pangnirtung Atlantic Time - Northwest Territories CA +4531-07334 America/Montreal Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - most locations CA +4901-08816 America/Nipigon Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - places that did not observe DST 1967-1973 --- 79,87 ---- BY +5354+02734 Europe/Minsk BZ +1730-08812 America/Belize CA +4734-05243 America/St_Johns Newfoundland Island ! CA +4439-06336 America/Halifax Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia (most places), NB, W Labrador, E Quebec & PEI CA +4612-05957 America/Glace_Bay Atlantic Time - Nova Scotia - places that did not observe DST 1966-1971 + CA +5320-06025 America/Goose_Bay Atlantic Time - E Labrador CA +6608-06544 America/Pangnirtung Atlantic Time - Northwest Territories CA +4531-07334 America/Montreal Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - most locations CA +4901-08816 America/Nipigon Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - places that did not observe DST 1967-1973 *************** *** 189,195 **** KW +2920+04759 Asia/Kuwait KY +1918-08123 America/Cayman KZ +4315+07657 Asia/Alma-Ata east Kazakhstan ! KZ +5016+07302 Asia/Aktau west Kazakhstan LA +1758+10236 Asia/Vientiane LB +3353+03530 Asia/Beirut LC +1401-06100 America/St_Lucia --- 200,207 ---- KW +2920+04759 Asia/Kuwait KY +1918-08123 America/Cayman KZ +4315+07657 Asia/Alma-Ata east Kazakhstan ! KZ +5017+05710 Asia/Aqtobe central Kazakhstan ! KZ +4431+05016 Asia/Aqtau west Kazakhstan LA +1758+10236 Asia/Vientiane LB +3353+03530 Asia/Beirut LC +1401-06100 America/St_Lucia *************** *** 262,276 **** QA +2517+05132 Asia/Qatar RE -2052+05528 Indian/Reunion RO +4426+02606 Europe/Bucharest RU +5545+03735 Europe/Moscow Moscow+00 - west Russia ! RU +5312+05009 Europe/Kuybyshev Moscow+01 - Caspian Sea RU +5651+06036 Asia/Yekaterinburg Moscow+02 - Urals RU +5500+07324 Asia/Omsk Moscow+03 - west Siberia RU +5502+08255 Asia/Novosibirsk Moscow+03 - Novosibirsk RU +5601+09250 Asia/Krasnoyarsk Moscow+04 - Yenisei River ! RU +5216+10420 Asia/Irkutsk Moscow+05 - Irkutsk RU +6200+12940 Asia/Yakutsk Moscow+06 - Lena River ! RU +4310+13156 Asia/Vladivostok Moscow+07 - Vladivostok RU +5934+15048 Asia/Magadan Moscow+08 - Magadan & Sakhalin RU +5301+15839 Asia/Kamchatka Moscow+09 - Kamchatka RU +6445+17729 Asia/Anadyr Moscow+10 - Bering Sea --- 274,289 ---- QA +2517+05132 Asia/Qatar RE -2052+05528 Indian/Reunion RO +4426+02606 Europe/Bucharest + RU +5443+02030 Europe/Kaliningrad Moscow-01 - Kaliningrad RU +5545+03735 Europe/Moscow Moscow+00 - west Russia ! RU +5312+05009 Europe/Samara Moscow+01 - Caspian Sea RU +5651+06036 Asia/Yekaterinburg Moscow+02 - Urals RU +5500+07324 Asia/Omsk Moscow+03 - west Siberia RU +5502+08255 Asia/Novosibirsk Moscow+03 - Novosibirsk RU +5601+09250 Asia/Krasnoyarsk Moscow+04 - Yenisei River ! RU +5216+10420 Asia/Irkutsk Moscow+05 - Lake Baikal RU +6200+12940 Asia/Yakutsk Moscow+06 - Lena River ! RU +4310+13156 Asia/Vladivostok Moscow+07 - Amur River RU +5934+15048 Asia/Magadan Moscow+08 - Magadan & Sakhalin RU +5301+15839 Asia/Kamchatka Moscow+09 - Kamchatka RU +6445+17729 Asia/Anadyr Moscow+10 - Bering Sea

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tzdata1996l - Russian rules and names (both) are very broken
by Андрей Чернов Nov. 20, 1996

Nov. 20, 1996

1) It seems you forget to reflect recent official Moscow timezone rule change (Sep->Oct), I already send you update long time ago and you tell me that it is commited. 2) I still see MOST cruft, instead of commonly used MSK/MSD... I remember you agree to change those names back to MSK/MSD, but nothing happens too. Please fix this two problems and upload new tzdata1996m as soon as possible stop incoming chaos with Russian zone. It already hits: as first example wrong europe file was just commited to FreeBSD distribution. -- Andrey A. Chernov <ache(a)nagual.ru> http://www.nagual.ru/~ache/

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Addition to Microsoft.au time thread
by Chris Carrier Nov. 18, 1996

Nov. 18, 1996

If you think Microsoft's time bug is funny, here is a real-space time zone situation I find even funnier. At the South Pole, day and night each last for six months; sunrise is at the September equinox, sunset at the March equinox, and the time of day in any zone is meaningless. However, the South Pole uses daylight saving time from the first Sunday in October to the third Sunday in March! The reason they do this is because they want to stay on the same time as McMurdo Sound, which uses DST, and the reason McMurdo uses DST is because they want to be on the same time as New Zealand, which uses DST (NZDST=GMT+13:00) on the abovementioned dates. Now that's funny!

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DST and OS software
by Chris Carrier Nov. 17, 1996

Nov. 17, 1996

Which is why daylight saving time rules should NOT be incorporated into OS software -- because they continually change. I am wondering how many computers in the European Union (except UK/Ireland) went back to standard time September 29 when the EU didn't fall back until October 27, the former date being programmed into them when the code was written because the last Sunday in September was the rule then.

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Only Microsoft could come up with this one...
by Monty Solomon Nov. 17, 1996

Nov. 17, 1996

Begin forwarded message: Newsgroups: rec.humor.funny From: GeraghtyR(a)scrha.health.qld.gov.au (Geraghty Rob) Subject: Only Microsoft could come up with this one... Keywords: chuckle, computers Approved: funny-request(a)clari.net Date: Sat, 16 Nov 96 4:30:02 EST Lines: 26 Just the other day, the eastern Australian States of New South Wales and Victoria went over to Daylight Saving time. Queensland did not. Windows 95 regards all three as being in one time zone. Consequently, all our email and schedule appointments have gone haywire, because Exchange is adjusting for a daylight saving difference we don't have. (please note that Queensland has only had daylight saving for one summer - about three years ago) I phoned Microsoft to ask whether they planned to fix the bug, but they told me: "It's not a bug." "Why not?" "Because Queensland had daylight saving when we wrote the code." -- Selected by Jim Griffith. MAIL your joke to funny(a)clari.net. Attribute the joke's source if at all possible. A Daemon will auto-reply. Remember: Always give your jokes a descriptive "Subject:" line. Don't use "joke" or "submission" or "joke submission," please. For the full submission guidelines, see http://comedy.clari.net/rhf/

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tzcode1996m.tar.gz and tzdata1996l.tar.gz
by ado Nov. 6, 1996

Nov. 6, 1996

The files ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzcode1996m.tar.gz and ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata1996l.tar.gz are now available. No functional changes here; the files have simply been changed to make more use of ISO style dates in comments. The names of the above files now include the year in full. --ado

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Re: Clock change orgy of 1996-10-27
by Peter Ilieve Nov. 2, 1996

Nov. 2, 1996

On Nov 2, 4:43am, Chris Carrier wrote: > [I wrote:] > >At least we are making progress here on the cooperation front, > >at least until the French upset things by suggesting they would scrap > >the whole idea. > > What is the status on that? I don't really know at present. There was a report in the Independent (a UK `quality' paper which is unfortunately only available on the Internet via AOL, and possibly only European AOL at that) on 25 October that at least acknowledged that France would have to consult with the rest of the EU about it. It said that `Paris would ask Brussels' meaning ask the EC Commission to be exempted from the Summer Time Directive as soon as possible, either next year or 1998. If it goes into 1998 it will be the eighth Directive which is not yet finalised. I have asked my usual contact at the Commission's Edinburgh office but she can't say much about the state of this new Directive. The Commission has produced a proposal which continues the current rules for 1998--2001. It is now the Council of Ministers' turn to reach a common postion, and then approve that as a Directive. They haven't shown much inclination so far and my contact points out that she can only speak for the Commission, not the Council. The new Directive is supposed to be approved by 1 Jan 97 but I think that is vanishingly unlikely even without this new French move. The Independent report said: `After three months of discussion and two parliamentary reports, it is clear that France intends to rid itself of a device that its experts say no longer saves fuel or manpower, upsets farmers, reduces milk yields by almost one-third and disrupts children's body-clocks.' Polls show 70% of people against changing the clocks, but an even split on the question of which time to use all the year round. Farmers and families with children favour permanent summer time (UTC+2), business and transport organisations favour winter time (UTC+1). The French Senate said winter time would be a good compromise with the rest of the EU, obviously assuming it continues to change its clocks, as France would have the same time as the UK in the Summer and the same as Germany in the winter. Can any French reader of this list give any references to the two official reports, possibly even a quick summary? Don't be too surprised about the importance given to milk yields. Cattle are an important determinant of EU policy, as witnessed by the current BSE row. :-) Peter Ilieve peter(a)aldie.co.uk

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Clock change orgy of 1996-10-27
by Chris Carrier Nov. 2, 1996

Nov. 2, 1996

More thoughts on the clock change orgy of 1996-10-27: >"Rob Jones 4-6597 MR Sys" > INTERNET:jones@mr.med.ge.com wrote: >Anyone willing to venture a guess as to the number of clocks involved ? >(including uwaves, vcrs, etc...) 11 clocks at my home, but only 3 people. In terms of number of people, the 1996-10-27 fall back probably was about equal to 1991-09-15, when China changed its clocks last; however, in terms of clocks changed, the 1996-10-27 event clearly set an all-time record given the higher development level and more consumer goods available in the US and EU; in my household there were five timing devices to be changed per person, and I imagine in China it would probably be closer to one device per five persons. Valery Aronov > INTERNET:valery@ind.tansu.com.au wrote: >My own personal view is that we all should move the start of the workday >and settings of our alarm-clocks if people really want to save energy or >to wake up with sun. No clock adjustment at all. The only inconvinience >I could imagine: two sets of working hours for offices - a summer set and >a winter set. So a DST adjustment will mean switching from one set to >another. Much less problems then now I think. Do you know if this >suggestion was ever considered? I would be very much in favor of this. One interesting thing in our office is that we have flextime and management is trying to get rid of it and to have everyone work 8-17. Most people's day begins around 7:45, and I would say about 15% of the office is on the equivalent of "Daylight Extra" with a workday beginning at 7. We have one woman who works 6-15 and who therefore could be considered on "Double Daylight Extra." I also have an interesting story about my former office, in Sacramento, the capital of California. When I worked there a decade ago, we had people in the office from 7:00 to 20:00. Full time employees were allowed to choose when they could come into work provided they worked an 8 hours within those limits. Sacramento is located in a valley in which summer days are VERY hot (average 35c and it's gone as high as 44c) but nights are quite pleasant, with an overnight low of 15c. I reacted to this by going on what might be called "Darkness Extra"; during the months when DST was in effect I set my work hours for 11:00-19:45, the equivalent of two hours of *reverse* DST to let me enjoy the cooler evenings. Alas, eventually the office went back to normal hours (first people in at 7:00; last out by 17:45) and I had to as well. Peter Hullah > INTERNET:Peter.Hullah@eurocontrol.fr wrote: >Isn't it about time the world came to realise that we don't live by the >sun anymore and that spreading our sunlight more-or-less evenly around >noon no longer has any sense? Strongly disagree; if you work an 8 hour day on a day shift, half of it usually is before noon so the work day starts at 8 which makes the average wakeup time on workdays between 6 and 7, which is when the sun ought to rise. In June, therefore, DST makes sense and in October it does not. >I reckon everyone should add two hours >to their current standard time and stick to it all year round. I've always believed that what can be done an hour before sunrise is much pleasanter to do an hour after sunrise. >In answer to those who say "Just get up and go to bed two hours earlier" >we all live in a community, and one family stepping out of line two >hours is not on. Actually I have heard of a few cases of families with pre-school children where the sole/or both adults work the night shift and the kids follow suit, although this has to change when the kids go to school. Garrett Wollman > INTERNET:wollman@lcs.mit.edu wrote: >...in a city like Boston ...retail sales in the major pedestrian >districts and downtown areas drops off about 25% when the sunset is >moved from 5:45 (after work) to 4:45 (before work lets out). I wonder how much of that activity is transferred to the lunch period, breaks, or before work? Probably most of it. >As far as I'm concerned, we would be better off observing Atlantic time >year-round. Had Boston (and all of New England) not been near the largest city and capital of the US, it might have. Consider there are many cities (Cincinnati, Louisville, Chatannooga, Tallahassee) which astronomically belong in the Central zone observe Eastern time, and large areas are on Central time when they astronomically belong on Mountain (most of the six states in a north- south row between North Dakota and Texas). Alex Livingston >INTERNET:alex@agsm.unsw.edu.au wrote: >Reply to: Re: did the Holiday Is observe DST after the rest of Queensland >stopped? >Australia's vying powers-that-be unfortunately have a very childish, >ingnorant and it seems almost purely politically motivated approach to >daylight saving. I have never tried to get to the bottom of how the dates >for the clock changes were chosen but they are *particularly* bad choices. >The switch made recently by the south-eastern mainland of the country comes >at a time when the sun is rising only about 20 minutes later in the day (in >absolute terms) than the earliest it ever rises, but about 2 hours earlier >than the latest it ever rises. This means that the earliest sunrise of the >year (in clock terms) occurs the day before clocks are advanced. Just like most places in the United States before 1987 when almost nobody sprang forward before the last Sunday in April, wartime and 1974-5 excepted. >On the other hand, when the switch back to so-called standard time occurs at >the end of March, the sun is rising about 1 hour and 20 minutes later (in >absolute terms) than the earliest sunrise of the year and only about an >hour earlier than the latest... I've always thought the logical time to begin and end DST was at some time near the equinox when the sun is at least 1 hour earlier than the latest it does by standard time, and at least 1 hour later than the earliest it does by daylight time. DST should not be used short of an emergency during the time near winter solstice when the sun is rising <1 hour earlier than the latest it ever does by standard time, and if there is <2 hours between the earliest and latest sunrise, you don't have enough daylight to save to warrant DST! Peter Ilieve > INTERNET:peter@aldie.co.uk wrote on the subject: did the Holiday Is observe DST after the rest of Queenslan stopped? >Of my trio of islands, Eigg and Canna are also privately owned (I don't >know about Muck). I fail to see why owning land that is bounded by sea >rather than land bounded by a more normal fence makes the owners any less >subject to the Summer Time Act 1972 than I am. >Don't you have laws in Australia? :-) Setting up private and extra-legal times has a long history in the US. I remember Block Island, RI, went on DST in November 1973 two weeks after they fell back. I know people who were in Indiana in the 1950s-60s who remember the post office being an hour ahead or behind of the rest of town, an unincorporated area of a county being on a different time than a county seat, and so on. When the Uniform Time Act of 1966 was passed, Indiana passed a law requiring one clock in each public building to observe UTAT and marked "Official Time" so localities could go about their merry way. >People seem reluctant to give up summer time, >as shown by popular support in the rest of Europe for changing from >September to October, but don't seem to think of demanding an earlier >start. I wonder if anyone took a poll on the popularity of summer time in the last week in October 1996, when Europe was actually on summer time, as opposed to earlier polls showing majorities in favor. >At least we are making progress here on the cooperation front, >at least until the French upset things by suggesting they would scrap >the whole idea. What is the status on that? Actually the situation in France (and Spain) is that they are already on year round daylight time since their 'standard' is GMT+1 instead of the GMT zone that (nearly all of) France and Spain are astronomically in. When they talk about 'summer time' what they really mean is DOUBLE summer time. It should be noted when the UK was on double DST during WW2 it always ended the second weekend in August or earlier except in 1944, and even then it ran only to mid-September. I can see objections to DDST on October 26th having more than a little merit.

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Re: did the Holiday Is observe DST after the rest of Queensland stopped?
by Nathan Myers Nov. 2, 1996

Nov. 2, 1996

> [Somebodies] unfortunately have a very childish, > ingnorant and it seems almost purely politically motivated approach to > daylight saving. ... But I digress... Daylight saving has always been a purely political phenomenon, an attempt to legislate reality. (Consider observance of summer time in tropical countries!) It is, and always will be, subject to all the foolishness that any purely political abstraction is. Tracking that foolishness in software is as thankless as it is necessary. Nathan Myers ncm@@cantrip.com

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Re: did the Holiday Is observe DST after the rest of Queensland stopped?
by peter＠aldie.co.uk Nov. 2, 1996

Nov. 2, 1996

> >I know I am a long way away from the scene of the action, but from looking > >at the map this looks about as likely as Eigg, Muck or Canna > >having different DST rules from the rest of the UK; ie. not very. :-) > > > >My Times Concise Atlas lists Hayman and Lindeman as being on either > >side of Whitsunday Island. My Britannica Atlas doesn't list either > >but gives 20.17S 148.59E for Whitsunday. Neither has any trace of > >Hamilton. > > I have actually *been* to Hamilton Island, and a close friend of mine > recently had a holiday on Hayman Island. The three islands are probably > owned entirely by holiday (that's "vacation" to you North Americans) > operators and probably made autonomous decisions as to what time to keep on > their properties. I have heard or read more than once that some resort > islands off the coast of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving > time even after Queensland ceased to. It seems that no only does each state > decide independantly if and when to observe daylight saving, but > commercially run holiday resorts can also do it their way. And then there's > Lord Howe Island (what a disaster!). I have reason to doubt, by the way, > that "Holiday Islands" is an officially gazetted name: it's not one I'm > familiar with; as far as I'm aware, all these islands are part of the > Whitsunday Islands group. Of my trio of islands, Eigg and Canna are also privately owned (I don't know about Muck). I fail to see why owning land that is bounded by sea rather than land bounded by a more normal fence makes the owners any less subject to the Summer Time Act 1972 than I am. Don't you have laws in Australia? :-) Seriously, should the tz database document legal time, or should it also document other sorts of `custom and practice' time? If the latter I'm sure I can promulgate an Aldie time to be observed on my patch that would break something in the existing code. :-) Another nearby island, Rum (Rhum if you believe the Ordnance Survey) is also owned by a single organisation and is largely given over to research into Red Deer. Maybe I should suggest to Scottish Natural Heritage that their scientific work justifies keeping UTC all year round. > Australia's vying powers-that-be unfortunately have a very childish, > ingnorant and it seems almost purely politically motivated approach to > daylight saving. ... But I digress... We have the same thing. People seem reluctant to give up summer time, as shown by popular support in the rest of Europe for changing from September to October, but don't seem to think of demanding an earlier start. At least we are making progress here on the cooperation front, at least until the French upset things by suggesting they would scrap the whole idea. Peter Ilieve peter(a)aldie.co.uk

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Moscow DST correction
by Андрей Чернов Nov. 1, 1996

Nov. 1, 1996

Diffs related to europe 7.38 *** europe.orig Thu Jul 18 00:54:30 1996 --- europe Sun Sep 29 19:20:56 1996 *************** *** 852,858 **** Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 K Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 K ! Rule Russia 1984 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 K Rule Russia 1985 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D # These are for backward compatibility with older versions. --- 852,859 ---- Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 K Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 K ! Rule Russia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 K ! Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 K Rule Russia 1985 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D # These are for backward compatibility with older versions. -- Andrey A. Chernov <ache(a)nagual.ru> http://www.nagual.ru/~ache/

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Re: did the Holiday Is observe DST after the rest of Queensland stopped?
by alex＠agsm.unsw.edu.au Nov. 1, 1996

Nov. 1, 1996

>> According to the current tz database, Queensland stopped observing DST >> after summer 1991/1992. But the IATA SSIM (which I'm currently >> slogging through, thanks to Gwillim Law) says that the Holiday Islands >> (Hayman, Lindeman, Hamilton) observed DST through 1993/1994. Does >> anyone know the true story here? > >I know I am a long way away from the scene of the action, but from looking >at the map this looks about as likely as Eigg, Muck or Canna >having different DST rules from the rest of the UK; ie. not very. :-) > >My Times Concise Atlas lists Hayman and Lindeman as being on either >side of Whitsunday Island. My Britannica Atlas doesn't list either >but gives 20.17S 148.59E for Whitsunday. Neither has any trace of >Hamilton. I have actually *been* to Hamilton Island, and a close friend of mine recently had a holiday on Hayman Island. The three islands are probably owned entirely by holiday (that's "vacation" to you North Americans) operators and probably made autonomous decisions as to what time to keep on their properties. I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after Queensland ceased to. It seems that no only does each state decide independantly if and when to observe daylight saving, but commercially run holiday resorts can also do it their way. And then there's Lord Howe Island (what a disaster!). I have reason to doubt, by the way, that "Holiday Islands" is an officially gazetted name: it's not one I'm familiar with; as far as I'm aware, all these islands are part of the Whitsunday Islands group. Australia's vying powers-that-be unfortunately have a very childish, ingnorant and it seems almost purely politically motivated approach to daylight saving. I have never tried to get to the bottom of how the dates for the clock changes were chosen but they are *particularly* bad choices. The switch made recently by the south-eastern mainland of the country comes at a time when the sun is rising only about 20 minutes later in the day (in absolute terms) than the earliest it ever rises, but about 2 hours earlier than the latest it ever rises. This means that the earliest sunrise of the year (in clock terms) occurs the day before clocks are advanced. On the other hand, when the switch back to so-called standard time occurs at the end of March, the sun is rising about 1 hour and 20 minutes later (in absolute terms) than the earliest sunrise of the year and only about an hour earlier than the latest. (The figures quoted apply roughly to the latitude of Adelaide or Sydney but will not differ hugely within the range of latitudes where daylight saving is now observed in Australia.) If the populace can live with the sun rising as late at it does at the end of the daylight-saving period then it should surely be happy to live with it at the beginning as well, in which case it could be started a full 7 weeks earlier (around September 9). And in all of this the possibility of coordinating with other southern-hemisphere countries which also observe daylight saving (even neighbours like New Zealand and Vanuatu) doesn't seem to have flickered into any law-maker's consciousness. (That would involve acknowledging that someone else thought of daylight saving first and rob them of the kudos of coming up with such a great "original" idea.) After all, even the states can't coordinate. But I digress... _______________ Alex LIVINGSTON Macintosh Support Computing & IT (C&IT) Australian Graduate School of Management (AGSM) The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney NSW 2052 AUSTRALIA E-mail : alex(a)agsm.unsw.edu.au; cit(a)agsm.unsw.edu.au (C&IT) Facsimile: +61 2 9313-7279 Telephone: +61 2 9931-9264

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