September 2004 - tz - lists.iana.org

proposed tz change for Latvia, Lithuania
by Paul Eggert 25 May '15

25 May '15

It's March Madness time for daylight-saving rule changes. Here's a proposed change to the tz database to keep up with the latest political development, which affects time stamps starting March 29: * Latvia and Lithuania will not observe DST, starting this year. Thanks to Andrei Ivanov for this info. =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/europe,v retrieving revision 2000.3 retrieving revision 2000.3.0.1 diff -pu -r2000.3 -r2000.3.0.1 --- europe 2000/03/04 15:31:08 2000.3 +++ europe 2000/03/08 17:48:59 2000.3.0.1 @@ -1135,6 +1135,12 @@ Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino # 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of # daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. +# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): +# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in +# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm"> +# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of +# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only). + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - @@ -1151,7 +1157,8 @@ Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 - 2:00 EU EE%sT + 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 + 2:00 - EET # Liechtenstein # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] @@ -1178,6 +1185,11 @@ Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was # already done by Estonia. +# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): +# I've heard that Ministers of three Baltic countries on their summit +# somewhere in February decided not to switch to summer time starting from +# this spring. + # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time @@ -1192,7 +1204,8 @@ Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u - 2:00 EU EE%sT + 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb + 2:00 - EET # Luxembourg # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.

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FW: Strftime's %C and %y formats versus wide-ranging tm_year valu es
by Olson, Arthur David (NIH/NCI) 28 Sep '04

28 Sep '04

Bradley White has quite rightly pointed out that sizeof's are no-no's in preprocessor directives. Of course it's possibly to simply... typedef long long raw_year_type; ...and use the defined type for year-holding variables to avoid problems with really big tm_year values. --ado

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RE: Strftime's %C and %y formats versus wide-ranging tm_year valu es
by Olson, Arthur David (NIH/NCI) 28 Sep '04

28 Sep '04

Another way to avoid problems with really big tm_year values would be to have something such as... #if (sizeof long) > (sizeof int) typedef long raw_year_type; #else typedef long long raw_year_type; #endif ...in the tzfile.h header file and then use the defined type for variables that hold results such as tmp->tm_year + TM_YEAR_BASE. It certainly makes for shorter code; as for the relative efficiency of long long arithmetic versus doubling the number of % operations being done, deponent sayeth not. --ado

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RE: Strftime's %C and %y formats versus wide-ranging tm_year valu es
by Olson, Arthur David (NIH/NCI) 26 Sep '04

26 Sep '04

At the end of this message you'll find proposed changes to strftime.c to do the right thing for wide-ranging years. I compiled it with this quick-and-dirty source code... #include "stdio.h" #include "sys/types.h" #include "time.h" static int years[] = { 10001, 10000, 9999, 1001, 1000, 999, 101, 100, 99, 11, 10, 9, 1, 0, -1, -9, -10, -11, -99, -100, -101, -999, -1000, -1001, -9999, -10000, -10001 }; #define NVALUES ((sizeof years) / (sizeof years[0])) static char * formats[] = { "%C", "%y", "%G", "%g" }; #define NFORMATS ((sizeof formats) / (sizeof formats[0])) #define TM_BASE_YEAR 1900 main() { static struct tm tm; int i; int j; char buf[1024]; tm.tm_mon = 0; /* months since January => January */ tm.tm_mday = 8; /* day of the month */ tm.tm_yday = 7; /* days since January 1 */ (void) printf("YEAR"); for (j = 0; j < NFORMATS; ++j) { (void) printf("\t%s", formats[j]); } (void) printf("\n"); for (i = 0; i < NVALUES; ++i) { (void) printf("%d", years[i]); tm.tm_year = years[i] - TM_BASE_YEAR; for (j = 0; j < NFORMATS; ++j) { (void) strftime(buf, sizeof buf, formats[j], &tm); (void) printf("\t%s", buf); } (void) printf("\n"); } return 0; } ...and got these results... YEAR %C %y %G %g 10001 100 01 10001 01 10000 100 00 10000 00 9999 99 99 9999 99 1001 10 01 1001 01 1000 10 00 1000 00 999 09 99 0999 99 101 01 01 0101 01 100 01 00 0100 00 99 00 99 0099 99 11 00 11 0011 11 10 00 10 0010 10 9 00 09 0009 09 1 00 01 0001 01 0 00 00 0000 00 -1 -0 01 -001 01 -9 -0 09 -009 09 -10 -0 10 -010 10 -11 -0 11 -011 11 -99 -0 99 -099 99 -100 -1 00 -100 00 -101 -1 01 -101 01 -999 -9 99 -999 99 -1000 -10 00 -1000 00 -1001 -10 01 -1001 01 -9999 -99 99 -9999 99 -10000 -100 00 -10000 00 -10001 -100 01 -10001 01 Absent any objections, I'll promulgate these changes next week (along with Paul Eggert's revised update to tz-link.htm). --ado ------- strftime.c ------- *** /tmp/geta12949 Thu Sep 23 15:27:03 2004 --- /tmp/getb12949 Thu Sep 23 15:27:03 2004 *************** *** 1,12 **** - /* - ** XXX To do: figure out correct (as distinct from standard-mandated) - ** output for "two digits of year" and "century" formats when - ** the year is negative or less than 100. --ado, 2004-09-09 - */ - #ifndef lint #ifndef NOID ! static char elsieid[] = "@(#)strftime.c 7.67"; /* ** Based on the UCB version with the ID appearing below. ** This is ANSIish only when "multibyte character == plain character". --- 1,6 ---- #ifndef lint #ifndef NOID ! static char elsieid[] = "@(#)strftime.c 7.69"; /* ** Based on the UCB version with the ID appearing below. ** This is ANSIish only when "multibyte character == plain character". *************** *** 217,225 **** ** something completely different. ** (ado, 1993-05-24) */ ! pt = _conv((int) ((t->tm_year + ! (long) TM_YEAR_BASE) / 100), ! "%02d", pt, ptlim); continue; case 'c': { --- 211,230 ---- ** something completely different. ** (ado, 1993-05-24) */ ! { ! long year; ! int top; ! ! year = t->tm_year; ! year += TM_YEAR_BASE; ! top = year / 100; ! if (top == 0 && year < 0) { ! pt = _add("-0", pt, ptlim); ! } else { ! pt = _conv(top, "%02d", ! pt, ptlim); ! } ! } continue; case 'c': { *************** *** 445,453 **** pt = _conv(w, "%02d", pt, ptlim); else if (*format == 'g') { *warnp = IN_ALL; ! pt = _conv(int(year % 100), ! "%02d", pt, ptlim); } else pt = _lconv(year, "%04ld", pt, ptlim); } --- 450,464 ---- pt = _conv(w, "%02d", pt, ptlim); else if (*format == 'g') { + int i; + *warnp = IN_ALL; ! i = year % 100; ! if (i < 0) { ! i = -i; ! } ! pt = _conv(i, "%02d", ! pt, ptlim); } else pt = _lconv(year, "%04ld", pt, ptlim); } *************** *** 486,494 **** continue; case 'y': *warnp = IN_ALL; ! pt = _conv((int) ((t->tm_year + ! (long) TM_YEAR_BASE) % 100), ! "%02d", pt, ptlim); continue; case 'Y': pt = _lconv(t->tm_year + (long) TM_YEAR_BASE, --- 497,512 ---- continue; case 'y': *warnp = IN_ALL; ! { ! int i; ! ! i = (t->tm_year + ! (long) TM_YEAR_BASE) % 100; ! if (i < 0) { ! i = -i; ! } ! pt = _conv(i, "%02d", pt, ptlim); ! } continue; case 'Y': pt = _lconv(t->tm_year + (long) TM_YEAR_BASE, *************** *** 556,564 **** diff = -diff; } else sign = "+"; pt = _add(sign, pt, ptlim); ! diff /= 60; ! pt = _conv((diff/60)*100 + diff%60, ! "%04d", pt, ptlim); } continue; case '+': --- 574,583 ---- diff = -diff; } else sign = "+"; pt = _add(sign, pt, ptlim); ! diff /= SECSPERMIN; ! diff = (diff / MINSPERHOUR) * 100 + ! (diff % MINSPERHOUR); ! pt = _conv(diff, "%04d", pt, ptlim); } continue; case '+':

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Israel Timezone Changes -- 2005 and Beyond
by Ephraim Silverberg 26 Sep '04

26 Sep '04

At 01:00 a.m. Wednesday (Israel Daylight Saving Time), Israel will move back to Standard Time (UTC+0200) as scheduled. However, this is the last legislated changeover date -- there are no official dates for 2005 and beyond. The latest rumour, however, is that in 2005, when the clock changes to Daylight Saving Time (date as yet unknown), the move will be a two-hour leap forward (from UTC+0200 to UTC+0400) and then, in the fall, the clock will move back only an hour to UTC+0300 thus effectively moving Israel's timezone from UTC+0200 to UTC+0300. However, no actual draft has been put before the Knesset (Israel's Parliament) though the intention is to do so this month. If and when the law actually passes, I will post the necessary updates to timezone database to this forum. ___________________________________________________________________________ Ephraim Silverberg, CSE System Group, Phone number: 972-2-6585521 Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel. Fax number: 972-2-5617723 WWW: http://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~ephraim E-mail: ephraim(a)cse.huji.ac.il

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Time Zone Database
by Craig Orput 23 Sep '04

23 Sep '04

Is there anywhere on the Web where I can get a text file of the time zone database? I want to import into Excel but I can't seem to understand all this "TZ" stuff. Any help would be appreciated. thanks Craig Orput

1 0

Strftime's %C and %y formats versus wide-ranging tm_year values
by Olson, Arthur David (NIH/NCI) 22 Sep '04

22 Sep '04

The current standard calls for strftime to produce these results: %C: Replaced by the year divided by 100 and truncated to an integer, as a decimal number [00,99]. %y: Replaced by the last two digits of the year as a decimal number [00,99]. The standard is fine where time_t values are 32 bits and the tm_year values associated with these time_t values are always positive, four-digit integers. We're now trying to cope with systems using 64-bit time_t values; the associated time_t values are much wider ranging. Below is a table with suggested %C and %y outputs for wide-ranging years. Note that: 1. %y is always in the range [00,99]. 2. %C is in the range [00,99] whenever possible. 3. %C is two characters long whenever possible. 4. Using the format "%C%y" produces the year in all cases (with leading zeroes in some cases). Is there a better solution? --ado tm_year %C %y ... 10001 100 01 10000 100 00 9999 99 99 ... 1001 10 01 1000 10 00 999 09 99 ... 101 01 01 100 01 00 99 00 99 ... 11 00 11 10 00 10 9 00 09 ... 1 00 01 0 00 00 -1 -0 01 ... -9 -0 09 -10 -0 10 -11 -0 11 ... -99 -0 99 -100 -1 00 -101 -1 01 ... -999 -9 99 -1000 -10 00 -1001 -10 01 ... -9999 -99 99 -10000 -100 00 -10001 -100 01 ...

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Tzdata2004d.tar.gz
by Olson, Arthur David (NIH/NCI) 22 Sep '04

22 Sep '04

The file... ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata2004d.tar.gz ...is now available; this includes the changes circulated by Paul Eggert for Uruguay and the commentary on Israel, as well as the updates to tz-link.htm (modulo elimination of a space character). --ado

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FW: Incorrect timezone placement
by Olson, Arthur David (NIH/NCI) 21 Sep '04

21 Sep '04

Arthur Pemberton is not on the time zone mailing list; direct replies appropriately. --ado -----Original Message----- From: Arthur Pemberton [mailto:pembo13@flashmail.com] Sent: Tuesday, September 21, 2004 1:53 PM To: tz(a)lecserver.nci.nih.gov Subject: Incorrect timezone placement To whom it may concern, I had raised a bug report with the folks at KDE.org here [http://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=89923] thinkign that they had made a mistake with the time zone for my country Dominica (DM). They suggested that I take up the matter with you, and so I am. As an inhabitant of Dominica and the Caribbean by extention, I can assure you that we are on the EST clock. I must admit my knowledge of these matters are primitive at best, however, when CNN shows the time for EST it's correct with our own, and when they show it for AST it's different from our own. Could anything be done about this? Thank you.

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proposed tz changes for Uruguay, comments on Israel, etc.
by Paul Eggert 20 Sep '04

20 Sep '04

The changes in Uruguay took effect this morning, so I guess we need to update the tz database pronto. Thanks to Eduardo Cota for the detailed information. Here is a proposed patch to deal with this, along with comments about the situation in Israel (thanks to Ephraim Silverberg) and a refresh of the tz-links page. =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/southamerica,v retrieving revision 2004.2 retrieving revision 2004.2.1.1 diff -pu -r2004.2 -r2004.2.1.1 --- southamerica 2004/07/19 18:32:49 2004.2 +++ southamerica 2004/09/20 20:13:02 2004.2.1.1 @@ -1029,6 +1029,11 @@ Rule Uruguay 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 0:0 Rule Uruguay 1990 1991 - Oct Sun>=21 0:00 1:00 S Rule Uruguay 1992 only - Oct 18 0:00 1:00 S Rule Uruguay 1993 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 - +# From Eduardo Cota (2004-09-20): +# The uruguayan government has decreed a change in the local time.... +# http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/decretos/2004091502.htm +Rule Uruguay 2004 only - Sep Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Uruguay 2005 only - Mar Sun>=8 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Montevideo -3:44:44 - LMT 1898 Jun 28 -3:44:44 - MMT 1920 May 1 # Montevideo MT =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/asia,v retrieving revision 2004.2 retrieving revision 2004.2.1.1 diff -pu -r2004.2 -r2004.2.1.1 --- asia 2004/07/19 18:32:48 2004.2 +++ asia 2004/09/20 20:13:02 2004.2.1.1 @@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S # From Ephraim Silverberg <ephraim(a)cs.huji.ac.il> -# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17 and 2000-07-25): +# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, and 2004-09-20): # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. @@ -735,6 +735,14 @@ Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S +# The latest rumour, however, is that in 2005, when the clock changes to +# Daylight Saving Time (date as yet unknown), the move will be a two-hour leap +# forward (from UTC+0200 to UTC+0400) and then, in the fall, the clock will +# move back only an hour to UTC+0300 thus effectively moving Israel's timezone +# from UTC+0200 to UTC+0300. However, no actual draft has been put before the +# Knesset (Israel's Parliament) though the intention is to do so this +# month [2004-09]. + # From Paul Eggert (2000-07-25): # Here are guesses for rules after 2004. # They are probably wrong, but they are more likely than no DST at all. =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/tz-link.htm,v retrieving revision 2004.2 retrieving revision 2004.2.1.1 diff -pu -r2004.2 -r2004.2.1.1 --- tz-link.htm 2004/07/19 18:32:49 2004.2 +++ tz-link.htm 2004/09/20 21:25:22 2004.2.1.1 @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content='text/html; charset="US-ASCII"' /> <meta name="DC.Creator" content="Eggert, Paul" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Olson, Arthur David" /> -<meta name="DC.Date" content="2004-07-13" /> +<meta name="DC.Date" content="2004-09-20" /> <meta name="DC.Description" content="Sources of information about time zones and daylight saving time" /> <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="http://www.twinsun.com/tz/tz-link.htm" /> @@ -23,25 +23,28 @@ </address> <p> Please send corrections to this web page to the -<a href="mailto:tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov">time zone mailing list</a>. -</p> +<a href="mailto:tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov">time zone mailing list</a>.</p> <h2>The <code>tz</code> database</h2> <p> The public-domain time zone database contains code and data that represent the history of local time for many representative locations around the globe. It is updated periodically to reflect changes made by political bodies -to UTC offsets and daylight-saving rules. +to <abbr title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</abbr> +offsets and daylight-saving rules. This database (often called <code>tz</code> or <code>zoneinfo</code>) is used by several implementations, including -<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/">the GNU C Library</a> used in -<a href="http://www.linux.org/">GNU/Linux</a>, +<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/">the +<acronym title="GNU's Not Unix">GNU</acronym> +C Library</a> used in +<a href="http://www.linux.org/"><acronym>GNU</acronym>/Linux</a>, <a href="http://www.freebsd.org/">FreeBSD</a>, <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/">NetBSD</a>, <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/">OpenBSD</a>, <a href="http://www.cygwin.com/">Cygwin</a>, -<a href="http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/">DJGPP</a>, +<a href="http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/"><abbr +title="DJ's GNU Programming Platform">DJGPP</abbr></a>, <a href="http://www.hp.com/products1/unix/operating/">HP-UX</a>, <a href="http://www.sgi.com/developers/technology/irix/">IRIX</a>, <a href="http://www.apple.com/macosx/">Mac OS X</a>, @@ -55,24 +58,30 @@ clocks keeping local time have agreed si Locations are identified by continent or ocean and then by the name of the location, which is typically the largest city within the region. For example, <code>America/New_York</code> -represents most of the US eastern time zone; +represents most of the <abbr title="United States">US</abbr> eastern time zone; <code>America/Indianapolis</code> represents most of Indiana, which -uses eastern time without daylight saving time (DST); +uses eastern time without daylight saving time (<abbr +title="daylight saving time">DST</abbr>); <code>America/Detroit</code> represents most of Michigan, which uses -eastern time but with different DST rules in 1975; +eastern time but with different <abbr>DST</abbr> rules in 1975; and other entries represent smaller regions like Starke County, Kentucky, which switched from central to eastern time in 1991. -To use the database, set the <code>TZ</code> environment variable to +To use the database on an extended <a +href="http://www.pasc.org/#POSIX"><abbr +title="Portable Operating System Interface">POSIX</abbr></a> +implementation set the <code>TZ</code> environment variable to the location's full name, e.g., <code>TZ="America/New_York"</code>.</p> <p> In the <code>tz</code> database's -<a href="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/">FTP distribution</a>, +<a href="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/"><abbr +title="File Transfer Protocol">FTP</abbr> distribution</a> the code is in the file <code>tzcode<var>C</var>.tar.gz</code>, where <code><var>C</var></code> is the code's version; similarly, the data are in <code>tzdata<var>D</var>.tar.gz</code>, where <code><var>D</var></code> is the data's version. The following shell commands download -these files to a GNU/Linux or similar host; see the downloaded +these files to a <acronym>GNU</acronym>/Linux or similar host; +see the downloaded <code>README</code> file for what to do next.</p> <pre style="margin-left: 2em"><code><a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/wget/">wget</a> 'ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tz*.tar.gz' <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/gzip/">gzip</a> -dc tzcode*.tar.gz | <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/">tar</a> -xf - @@ -92,7 +101,10 @@ mailing list, retrieve the <a href="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzarchive.gz">archive of old messages</a> (in gzip compressed format), or retrieve <a href="ftp://munnari.oz.au/pub/oldtz/">archived older versions of code -and data</a>.</p> +and data</a>; there is also a smaller <a +href="http://public.planetmirror.com/pub/timezone/"><abbr +title="Hypertext Transfer Protocol">HTTP</abbr> +mirror</a>.</p> <p> The Web has several other sources for time zone and daylight saving time data. Here are some recent links that may be of interest. @@ -104,7 +116,9 @@ is a text-based point-and-click interfac throughout the world.</li> <li>Fancier web interfaces, roughly in ascending order of complexity, include: <ul> -<li><a href="http://www.convertit.com/Go/ConvertIt/World_Time/Current_Time.ASP">Current Time in 1000 Places</a></li> +<li><a +href="http://www.convertit.com/Go/ConvertIt/World_Time/Current_Time.ASP">Current +Time in 1000 Places</a></li> <li><a href="http://timezoneconverter.com/">Time Zone Converter</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/">The World Clock - @@ -116,21 +130,29 @@ is a web interface to a time zone databa <ul> <li>The <a href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2445.txt"> Internet Calendaring and Scheduling Core Object Specification -(iCalendar)</a> specification published by the <a -href="http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/calsch-charter.html">IETF -Calendaring and Scheduling Working Group (calsch)</a> covers time zone +(iCalendar)</a> specification published by the (now-concluded) <a +href="http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/OLD/calsch-charter.html"><abbr +title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</abbr> +Calendaring and Scheduling Working Group (<abbr +title="Calendaring and Scheduling Working Group">calsch</abbr>)</a> +covers time zone data; see its VTIMEZONE calendar component.</li> <li>The <a href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-rdf-calendar/">www-rdf-calendar</a> -list discusses <a href="http://www.w3.org/RDF/">RDF</a>-based calendar +list discusses <a +href="http://www.w3.org/RDF/"><abbr +title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr></a>-based calendar and group scheduling systems, and has a <a href="http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/#tzd">workspace on time zone data</a> converted from <code>tz</code>. An earlier <a href="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/foo">schema</a> was sketched out by <a href="http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/">Tim Berners-Lee</a>.</li> <li><a -href="http://www.calsch.org/ietf/archives/draft-ietf-calsch-many-xcal-02.txt">XCal</a> -was a draft <a href="http://www.w3.org/XML/">XML</a> document type +href="http://www.calsch.org/ietf/archives/draft-ietf-calsch-many-xcal-02.txt"><abbr +title="XML DTD for iCalendar">XCal</abbr></a> +was a draft <a +href="http://www.w3.org/XML/"><abbr +title="Extensible Markup Language">XML</abbr></a> document type definition that corresponded to iCalendar.</li> </ul> <h2>Other <code>tz</code> compilers</h2> @@ -139,47 +161,55 @@ definition that corresponded to iCalenda Timezone Converter</a> describes a program Vzic that compiles <code>tz</code> source into iCalendar-compatible VTIMEZONE files. Vzic is freely -available under the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html">GNU -General Public License (GPL)</a>.</li> +available under the <a +href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html"><acronym>GNU</acronym> +General Public License (<abbr +title="General Public License">GPL</abbr>)</a>.</li> <li><a href="http://search.cpan.org/dist/DateTime-TimeZone/">DateTime::TimeZone</a> contains a script <code>parse_olson</code> that compiles <code>tz</code> source into <a href="http://www.perl.org/">Perl</a> modules. It is part of the Perl <a href="http://datetime.perl.org/">DateTime Project</a>, which is freely -available under both the GPL and the Perl Artistic +available under both the <abbr>GPL</abbr> and the Perl Artistic License. DateTime::TimeZone also contains a script <code>tests_from_zdump</code> that generates test cases for each clock transition in the <code>tz</code> database.</li> -<li><a href="http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/">International Components for -Unicode (ICU)</a> contains a C/C++ library for internationalization that -has a compiler from <samp>tz</samp> source into an ICU-specific format. -ICU is freely available under a BSD-style license.</li> +<li><a href="http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/"><abbr +title="International Components for Unicode">ICU</abbr></a> contains a C/C++ library for +internationalization that has a compiler from <samp>tz</samp> source +into an <abbr>ICU</abbr>-specific format. +<abbr>ICU</abbr> is freely available under a +<abbr title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</abbr>-style license.</li> <li><a href="http://joda-time.sourceforge.net/">Joda Time - Java date -and time API</a> contains a class +and time <abbr title="Application Program Interface">API</abbr></a> contains a class <code>org.joda.time.tz.ZoneInfoCompiler</code> that compiles <code>tz</code> source into a Joda-specific binary format. Joda Time -is freely available under a BSD-style license.</li> +is freely available under a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license.</li> <li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/pytz/">PyTZ - Python Time Zone Library</a> compiles <code>tz</code> source into <a href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a>. -It is freely available under a BSD-style license.</li> +It is freely available under a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license.</li> </ul> <h2>Other <code>tz</code> binary file readers</h2> <ul> -<li>The <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/">GNU C Library</a> +<li>The <a +href="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/"><acronym>GNU</acronym> C +Library</a> has an independent, thread-safe implementation of a <code>tz</code> binary file reader. This library is freely available under the <a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html"> -GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)</a>, -and is widely used in GNU/Linux systems.</li> +<acronym>GNU</acronym> Lesser General Public License +(<abbr title="Lesser General Public License">LGPL</abbr>)</a>, +and is widely used in <acronym>GNU</acronym>/Linux systems.</li> <li><a href="http://www.bmsi.com/java/#TZ">ZoneInfo.java</a> is a <code>tz</code> binary file reader written in Java. -It is freely available under the GNU LGPL.</li> +It is freely available under the <acronym>GNU</acronym> +<abbr>LGPL</abbr>.</li> <li><a href="http://s.keim.free.fr/tz/doc.html">Python time zones</a> is a <code>tz</code> binary file reader written in Python. -It is freely available under a BSD-style license.</li> +It is freely available under a <abbr>BSD</abbr>-style license.</li> </ul> <h2>Other <code>tz</code>-based time zone conversion software</h2> <ul> @@ -198,8 +228,8 @@ Microsoft Windows program.</li> <li><a href="http://www.astro.com/cgi/aq.cgi?lang=e">Atlas Query</a> is Astrodienst's Web version of Shanks's excellent time zone history atlases published in both <a -href="http://astrocom.com/software/pcatlas.php">computer</a> and <a -href="http://astrocom.com/books/xrefa.php#SHANKS">book</a> form by <a +href="http://astrocom.com/products/software.php?software_id=ibmwboth">computer +and book form</a> by <a href="http://astrocom.com/">Astro Communications Services</a>.</li> <li><a href="http://worldtime.com/">WORLDTIME: interactive atlas, time info, public holidays</a> @@ -208,14 +238,14 @@ and public holidays in several hundred c <li><a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/">World Time Server</a> is another time zone database.</li> <li><a href="http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/tzones.html">World Time Zones</a> -contains data from the Time Service Department of the US Naval Observatory -(USNO), used as the source +contains data from the Time Service Department of the +<abbr>US</abbr> Naval Observatory, used as the source for the <code>usno*</code> files in the <code>tz</code> distribution.</li> <li><a href="http://www.airportcitycodes.com/aaa/">Airlines, Airplanes and Airports</a> lists current standard times for thousands of airports around the world. This seems to be derived from the <a href="http://www.iata.org/ps/publications/9179.htm">Standard -Schedules Information Manual (SSIM)</a> of the +Schedules Information Manual</a> of the the <a href="http://www.iata.org/">International Air Transport Association</a>, which gives current time zone rules for @@ -224,7 +254,8 @@ all the airports served by commercial av <h2>Maps</h2> <ul> <li>The <a href="http://www.odci.gov/">United States Central -Intelligence Agency (CIA)</a> publishes a <a +Intelligence Agency (<abbr +title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</abbr>)</a> publishes a <a href="http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/reference_maps/pdf/time_zones…">time zone map</a>; the <a @@ -238,19 +269,26 @@ and parts of the data are a few years ou <li><a href="http://worldtimezone.com/">Current time around the world and standard time zones map of the world</a> has several fancy time zone maps; it covers Russia particularly well. -The maps' pictorial quality is not quite as good as the CIA's +The maps' pictorial quality is not quite as good as the +<abbr>CIA</abbr>'s but the maps are more up to date.</li> </ul> <h2>Time zone boundaries</h2> <ul> +<li><a href="http://www.statoids.com/statoids.html">Administrative Divisions +of Countries ("Statoids")</a> contains detailed lists of +<code>tz</code>-related zone subdivision data.</li> <li><a href="http://home-4.tiscali.nl/~t876506/Multizones.html">Time zone boundaries for multizone countries</a> summarizes legal boundaries between time zones within countries.</li> <li>Manifold.net's <a href="http://www.manifold.net/download/freemaps.html">Free Maps and -GIS Data</a> includes a Manifold-format map of world time zone -boundaries distributed under the GPL.</li> -<li>The US Geological Survey's National Atlas of the United States +<acronym title="Geographic Information Systems">GIS</acronym> +Data</a> includes a Manifold-format map of +world time zone boundaries distributed under the +<abbr>GPL</abbr>.</li> +<li>The <abbr>US</abbr> Geological Survey's National Atlas of +the United States publishes the <a href="http://www.nationalatlas.gov/timeznm.html">Time Zones of the United States</a> in the public domain.</li> <li>The GeoCommunity lists several commercial sources for <a @@ -262,8 +300,8 @@ Time Zones and Time Zone Data</a>.</li> <li><a href="http://physics.nist.gov/time">A Walk through Time</a> surveys the evolution of timekeeping.</li> <li><a href="http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/">About Daylight -Saving Time - History, rationale, laws and dates</a> -is an overall history of DST.</li> +Saving Time - History, rationale, laws & dates</a> +is an overall history of <abbr>DST</abbr>.</li> <li><a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/">The Time of Internet</a> describes time zones and daylight saving time, @@ -278,10 +316,11 @@ Zone Concepts</a> discusses terminologic <h2>National histories of legal time</h2> <dl> <dt>Australia</dt> -<dd>The Community Relations Division of the New South Wales (NSW) +<dd>The Community Relations Division of the New South Wales +(<abbr title="New South Wales">NSW</abbr>) Attorney General's Department maintains a <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2">history of -daylight saving in NSW</a>.</dd> +daylight saving in <abbr>NSW</abbr></a>.</dd> <dt>Austria</dt> <dd>The Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying publishes a table of <a href="http://www.metrologie.at/pdf/sommerzeit.pdf" @@ -350,40 +389,59 @@ of summer time dates</a>.</dd> href="http://literature.agilent.com/litwebbin/purl.cgi?org_id=tmo&pub_id=5965…">The Science of Timekeeping</a> is a thorough introduction to the theory and practice of precision timekeeping.</li> -<li><a href="http://www.ntp.org/">NTP: The Network Time Protocol</a> +<li><a href="http://www.ntp.org/"><abbr +title="Network Time Protocol">NTP</abbr>: The Network +Time Protocol</a> discusses how to synchronize clocks of Internet hosts.</li> -<li><a href="http://gauss.gge.unb.ca/GMT.UT.and.the.RGO.txt" -charset="macintosh">A -Few Facts Concerning GMT, UT, and the RGO</a> -answers questions like "What is the difference between GMT and UTC?"</li> +<li><a href="http://gauss.gge.unb.ca/GMT.UT.and.the.RGO.html">A Few +Facts Concerning <abbr title="Greenwich Mean Time">GMT</abbr>, <abbr +title="Universal Time">UT</abbr>, and +the <abbr title="Royal Greenwich Observatory">RGO</abbr></a> +answers questions like "What is the +difference between <abbr>GMT</abbr> and <abbr>UTC</abbr>?"</li> <li><a href="http://www.gb.nrao.edu/~rfisher/Ephemerides/times.html">Astronomical -Times</a> explains more abstruse astronomical time scales like TT, TCG, -and TDB.</li> -<li>The <a href="http://www.iau.org/">IAU</a>'s <a -href="http://www.iau-sofa.rl.ac.uk/">Standards Of Fundamental -Astronomy</a> (SOFA) initiative publishes Fortran code for converting -among time scales like TAI, TDB, TT and UTC.</li> +Times</a> explains more abstruse astronomical time scales like +<abbr title="Terrestrial Dynamic Time">TDT</abbr>, +<abbr title="Geocentric Coordinate Time">TCG</abbr>, and +<abbr title="Barycentric Dynamic Time">TDB</abbr>.</li> +<li>The <a href="http://www.iau.org/"><abbr +title="International Astronomical Union">IAU</abbr></a>'s <a +href="http://www.iau-sofa.rl.ac.uk/"><acronym +title="Standards Of Fundamental Astronomy">SOFA</acronym></a> +initiative publishes Fortran +code for converting among time scales like +<abbr title="International Atomic Time">TAI</abbr>, +<abbr>TDB</abbr>, <abbr>TDT</abbr> and +<abbr>UTC</abbr>.</li> <li><a href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/basics/bsf2-3.htm">Basics of Space Flight - Reference Systems - Time Conventions</a> briefly explains interplanetary space flight timekeeping.</li> <li><a href="http://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/mars24/help/notes.html">Technical Notes on Mars Solar Time as Adopted by the Mars24 Sunclock</a> briefly -describes Mars Coordinated Time (MTC) and the diverse local time +describes Mars Coordinated Time (<abbr +title="Mars Coordinated Time">MTC</abbr>) and the +diverse local time scales used by each landed mission on Mars.</li> <li><a href="http://hpiers.obspm.fr/eop-pc/products/bulletins/bulletins.html">Bulletins -maintained by the IERS EOP (PC)</a> contains official publications of +maintained by the +<abbr title="International Earth Rotation Service">IERS</abbr> +<abbr title="Earth Orientation Parameters">EOP</abbr> +(<abbr title="Product Center">PC</abbr>)</a> contains official publications of the Earth Orientation Parameters Product Center of the International Earth Rotation Service, the committee that decides when leap seconds occur.</li> <li>The <a href="http://www.mail-archive.com/leapsecs@rom.usno.navy.mil/">Leap -Second Discussion List</a> covers McCarthy and Klepczynski's proposal -to discontinue leap seconds, published in <a -href="http://www.gpsworld.com/">GPS World</a> <strong>10</strong>, 11 +Second Discussion List</a> covers <a +href="http://gauss.gge.unb.ca/papers.pdf/gpsworld.november99.pdf">McCarthy +and Klepczynski's proposal to discontinue leap seconds</a>, published in <a +href="http://www.gpsworld.com/"><abbr +title="Global Positioning System">GPS</abbr> World</a> +<strong>10</strong>, 11 (1999-11), 50–57 and discussed further in R. A. Nelson et al., <a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/metrologia-leapsecond.pdf">The leap second: its history and possible future</a>, @@ -398,47 +456,46 @@ contentious issue.</li> <li> <a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html">A Summary of the International Standard Date and Time Notation</a> is a good -summary of ISO +summary of <abbr title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</abbr> 8601:1988 - Data elements and interchange formats - Information interchange - Representation of dates and times (which has been superseded by -<a href="http://www.iso.org/iso/en/CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER=26780">ISO 8601:2000</a>).</li> -<li> -Section 3.3 of <a -href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2822.txt">Internet RFC 2822</a> -specifies the time notation used in email and <a -href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2616.txt">HTTP</a> headers.</li> -<li> -<a href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3339.txt">Internet RFC -3339</a> specifies an ISO 8601 profile for use in new Internet -protocols.</li> -<li> -<a href="http://www.exit109.com/~ghealton/y2k/yrexamples.html">The -Best of Dates, the Worst of Dates</a> covers many problems encountered -by software developers when handling dates and time stamps.</li> -<li><a +<a +href="http://www.iso.org/iso/en/CatalogueDetailPage.CatalogueDetail?CSNUMBER=26780"><abbr>ISO</abbr> +8601:2000</a>).</li> <li> Section 3.3 of <a +href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2822.txt">Internet +<abbr title="Request For Comments">RFC</abbr> 2822</a> +specifies the time notation used in +email and <a +href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2616.txt"><abbr>HTTP</abbr></a> +headers.</li> <li> <a +href="ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3339.txt">Internet +<abbr>RFC</abbr> 3339</a> specifies an <abbr>ISO</abbr> 8601 +profile for use in new Internet protocols.</li> <li> <a +href="http://www.exit109.com/~ghealton/y2k/yrexamples.html">The Best +of Dates, the Worst of Dates</a> covers many problems encountered by +software developers when handling dates and time stamps.</li> <li><a href="http://oss.software.ibm.com/cvs/icu/~checkout~/icuhtml/design/formatting/ti…">Time Zone Localization</a> is a proposed mechanism for localizing time zone labels and abbreviations; for example, one might use it to specify -Russian translations for "Eastern European Summer Time", "EEST", and -<code>Europe/Bucharest</code>.</li> -<li> -Alphabetic time zone abbreviations should not be used as unique -identifiers for UTC offsets as they are ambiguous in practice. For -example, "EST" denotes 5 hours behind UTC in English-speaking North -America, but it denotes 10 or 11 hours ahead of UTC in Australia; -and French-speaking North Americans prefer "HNE" to "EST". For -compatibility with <a href="http://www.pasc.org/#POSIX">POSIX</a> the -<code>tz</code> database contains English abbreviations for all time -stamps but in many cases these are merely inventions of the database -maintainers.</li> -</ul> -<h2>Related indexes</h2> -<ul> -<li><a href="tz-art.htm">Time and the Arts</a></li> -<li><a href="http://dmoz.org/Reference/Time/">Open Directory - -Reference: Time</a></li> -<li><a href="http://directory.google.com/Top/Reference/Time/">Google Directory - Reference > Time</a></li> -<li><a href="http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/Measurements_and_Units/Time/">Yahoo! Science > Measurements and Units > Time</a></li> -</ul> -</body> +Russian translations for "Eastern European Summer Time", +"<abbr title="Eastern European Summer Time">EEST</abbr>", +and <code>Europe/Bucharest</code>.</li> +<li> Alphabetic time zone abbreviations should not be used as unique +identifiers for <abbr>UTC</abbr> offsets as they are ambiguous in +practice. For example, "<abbr>EST</abbr>" denotes 5 hours behind +<abbr>UTC</abbr> in English-speaking North America, but it denotes 10 +or 11 hours ahead of <abbr>UTC</abbr> in Australia; and +French-speaking North Americans prefer +"<abbr title="Heure Normale de l'Est">HNE</abbr>" to +"<abbr>EST</abbr>". For <abbr>POSIX</abbr> the <code>tz</code> +database contains English abbreviations for all time stamps but in +many cases these are merely inventions of the database +maintainers.</li> </ul> <h2>Related indexes</h2> <ul> <li><a +href="tz-art.htm">Time and the Arts</a></li> <li><a +href="http://dmoz.org/Reference/Time/">Open Directory - Reference: +Time</a></li> <li><a +href="http://directory.google.com/Top/Reference/Time/">Google +Directory - Reference > Time</a></li> <li><a +href="http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/Measurements_and_Units/Time/">Yahoo! +Science > Measurements and Units > Time</a></li> </ul> </body> </html>

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