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How do you generate POSIX time zone strings?
by Tony Glenning March 21, 1997

March 21, 1997

Hi, I am hoping this is the correct alias for this question (apologies of not). I am trying to find a straight forward way to generate POSIX time zone strings for the current year. For example, if this function were run on machine which has TZ set to US/Pacific in 1997 it would generate: PST8PDT7,97/3:00:00,300/1:00:00 Any suggestions welcome. Currently my best thought is parsing the zoneinfo files and generating them that way, which is quite tedious. Thanks, Tony

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Mass switch at the equinoxes
by Chris Carrier March 21, 1997

March 21, 1997

Alex Livingston (alex(a)agsm.unsw.edu.au) wrote: >This is an ideal time for anywhere at a high enough latitude in the northern >hemisphere to advance clocks *and* anywhere at a (numerically) high enough >latitude in the southern hemisphere to retard clocks. Imagine if all the >world that did change changed on the same weekend! I totally agree. I would like to see a world convention where northern- hemisphere DSTers all agree to start and end on the last Sundays in March and September, as Europe did 1981-95, and southern-hemisphere DSTers end and start on the same weekends. Unfortunately things seem to be going in the other direction, given the EU's decision to copy the US/UK bad habit of ending DST on the last Sunday in OCTOBER, by the end of which the sun is rising later than the large majority of day-shift workers get up. Chris Carrier

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Re: A Timezone Gazetteer (and Map Maybe)
by Dave Skinner March 21, 1997

March 21, 1997

The following is an excerpt from a response I recently sent to Alex Livingston followed by my response to Eric Ulevik. Since both emails to me were also sent to tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov, I felt this email to be needed. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- You are quite right about Australia/Hobart. I took Paul Eggert's input as gospel, so to speak, and he mistakenly treated Australia/Hobart as the same as Australia/Sydney. At the risk of telling you in boring detail what you already told me, here are the appropriate pairs of rules for Australia/Hobart Rule AT 1991 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - and Australia/Sydney Rule AN 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AN 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - Clearly "Sun>=1" is not the same as "lastSun". You may see an errata about this one to tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov in the not too distant future. It would have also have been clearer to append " --> None" to both rules Aus and AQ since I was concentrating on current time zones and into the future, at least for the time being. As for Indian/Cocos, it is separated from the rest of Australia in the "australasia" file, and my lack of geography knowledge means that I did not realize that it was owned by Australia. There needs to be a modification of the "australasia" file if you want it automatically collected as a time zone of Australia in my processing. I do not know who officially to notify of that to effect the change. Do you? I will be happy to make it a time zone of Australia in my personal bookkeeping right now, though. This may be another one for the errata sheet. . . . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ I just responded to a series of comments from Alex Livingston that included the mistake with respect to Tasmania's time zone without noticing he had subsequently sent a copy of his comments to tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov and also without noticing that you made a similar set of comments. A copy of my response to Alex will be sent to tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov after I get done responding to the rest of your comments. With regard to my > planning to ignore time zones which are the same currently, but were > different historically being a mistake, it is funny that you should mention that, because Paul Eggert and I were having a similar discussion away from tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov (at least I think it was away from tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov) with me attempting to take the position you are now advocating. The problem is not in loosing geograpical information, because all that the tz database has currently in terms of lat/lon geographic information are single lat/lon points for each time locale, currently stored in "zone.tab". The problem is, or rather the problems are: (1) We need to be able to automatically process the existing tz database at any point in time in the future to get lists of what might be called "local time zones", i.e. the list of countries that only observe one time, with or without daylight savings time shifts, throughout the year, and the list of multiple time zones by country in countries where, for reasons of either standard time and/or daylight savings time observance variations, observe multiple times at one time or another throughout the year. These "local time zones" can then be combined into "regional time zones" at any point in time, where "regional time zones" are the amalgamated total of all "local time zones" whose clocks are set the same at that point in time. These lists need to be generated and compared to their previous counterparts to see if anything has changed. (2) We need to be able to conveniently respond to changes in "regional time zone" boundaries, especially if we have either previously gathered the lat/lon pairs of the boundary in question or if we have previously gathered, as I am now attempting to do, the lat/lon pairs, i.e. the digital line graph (dlg) data (properly converted to lat/lon polygon data for ease of subsequent handling) for political jurisdictions within the countries in question down to a sufficiently fine granularity that we can simply create lists of the jurisdictions associated with each of the "regional time zones" in question and automatically generate their overall boundary lat/lon polygons. With regard to > Hopefully it will be available on a web page... Any data gathered in (2) above should be made part of the tz database and will be made available in as open a manner as is reasonable/possible. It certainly will not be thrown away. So, as the time zone boundaries change and change back, it will certainly be possible to go back to a previous boundary easily. As for web pages, there currently exist somewhat cumbersome ways to provide this capability in a secure manner (maybe with Java Applets, but totally avoiding Java Applications) on a web page, and certainly if I am able to assemble a sufficiently interesting data set, I will make it a high priority to put the needed effort, around the edges of my other work, into seeing that such a web page gets created and maintained. Furthermore, it should be possible to directly support most Unix boxes with far more efficient versions of the same capability independent of the web page interface. Finally, the automatic assessment of the current situation in (1) above certainly must deal with all of the "Zones" and all of the "Rules" that show up in the tz database. Furthermore, although I am presently focusing only on present and future "regional time zone" boundary data, this is merely to keep my immediate problem as manageable as possible. This should not be construed to mean that I am not interested in historical time zone boundary data. To the contrary, I am very interested in acquiring sufficient historical lat/lon data to make the presentation of historical time zone information by the gazetteer a reality. Unfortunately, unless there is a significant breakthrough in obtaining such historical lat/lon data, present and future time zone information is all that can be reasonably expected in the foreseeable future. Dave Skinner dave(a)kirdu.jpl.nasa.gov

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Happy Equinox
by Alex LIVINGSTON March 20, 1997

March 20, 1997

Happy equinox (1997-03-20 13:55UT) one and all. This is an ideal time for anywhere at a high enough latitude in the northern hemisphere to advance clocks *and* anywhere at a (numerically) high enough latitude in the southern hemisphere to retard clocks. Imagine if all the world that did change changed on the same weekend! _______________ Alex LIVINGSTON Macintosh Support Computing & IT (C&IT) Australian Graduate School of Management (AGSM) The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney NSW 2052 AUSTRALIA E-mail : alex(a)agsm.unsw.edu.au; cit(a)agsm.unsw.edu.au (C&IT) Facsimile: +61 2 9931-9349 Telephone: +61 2 9931-9264

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Re-sent: Re: A Timezone Gazetteer (and Map Maybe)
by Alex LIVINGSTON March 20, 1997

March 20, 1997

The project you are embarking on seems fantastic, and looks as though it will eventually make possible the fulfilment of a dream of mine, namely a live time-zone map on the Web showing both current time zones (labeled with UT offset) - in colors reflecting UT offset alone, and not the so-called "Standard" time in that region - and the time in each of those zones. Once such a map is operational, many other possibilities present themselves of course (e.g. zooming in, display for a past or future date). I'm afraid I can't give you any help with boundary-vector information, but I noticed a number of omissions/errors regarding Australia (where I live) in your summary information: (1) >5. australasia:Australia > Indian/Christmas 7:00 None > Australia, Western 8:00 > Australia/Perth 8:00 None > Australia, Central 9:30 > Australia/Adelaide 9:30 AS > Australia/Darwin 9:30 Aus > Australia, Eastern 10:00 > Australia/Brisbane 10:00 AQ > Australia/Sydney 10:00 AN > Australia/Lord_Howe 10:30 LH You have left out the Cocos Islands, which (unfortunately) have a time zone of their own (and not that of neighboring Christmas Island). It might look something like this: Indian/Cocos 6:30 None (2) You have also overlooked Tasmania, which starts keeping daylight-saving time before other parts of the country which observe it do: Australia, Eastern Australia/Hobart 10:00 AT (?) (3) Note also that Australia/Brisbane no longer observes daylight-saving time at all. (Could it have "None" in its DST-Rule column?) > Australia/Hobart, Australia/Melbourne \ > (duplicates of Australia/Sydney) As already intimated, this is not entirely true; Australia/Melbourne is a duplicate of Australia/Sydney, but Australia/Hobart is not. (4) > Australia/Lindeman (duplicate of Australia/Brisbane) This is only true if historical observance is irrelevant. The Australia/Lindeman entry was created for a few Queensland islands for no other reason than that they continued to switch to daylight-saving time for a couple of years after the rest of the state ceased doing so. To the best of my knowledge, however, the two zones are now indistinguishable from each other (UT+10:00 kept year-round). _______________ Alex LIVINGSTON Macintosh Support Computing & IT (C&IT) Australian Graduate School of Management (AGSM) The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney NSW 2052 AUSTRALIA E-mail : alex(a)agsm.unsw.edu.au; cit(a)agsm.unsw.edu.au (C&IT) Facsimile: +61 2 9931-9349 Telephone: +61 2 9931-9264

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A Timezone Gazetteer (and Map Maybe)
by Dave Skinner March 20, 1997

March 20, 1997

Any help in obtaining either or both of the following Internal Political Boundary Maps as Digital Line Graphs (DLGs) instead of Bitmaps and Surveyor Type Legal Descriptions of the Internal Timezone Boundaries for the countries that are currently composed of multiple different timezones would be appreciated. Note that in the United States, this resolution has to go down to the county level, not just the state level, and possibly only a surveyor type legal description will do in cases like America/Indiana/Marengo where the current description in the timezone database is "part of Crawford County". I believe that I can easily get the county maps for all 50 states in this form, but I still need a surveyor type legal description of situations like this, and complete lists of counties by timezone in states that have more than one timezone. At the international level, I already located a copy of the 132 MB CIA Digital Line Graph database of the world that was released around 1990 under the Freedom of Information Act. It is composed only of line strokes, and my ultimate goal is polygons. So, the complete set of polygons that describe the current international boundary of each country and any internal regional timezones therein still have to be generated. Nevertheless, it does have international political boundaries as well as the boundaries of the states of the United States and the provinces of Canada. Other internal political boundaries within the various countries are missing, however, and the database also suffers from being out-of-date. It is circa 1989. Back on the good news front, in case it should prove useful, the database does have all significant rivers and other bodies of water down to a fairly fine level of detail. So, unless I find a better source of data, I need to bring this database up-to-date. To that end, I also need the current international political boundaries, probably in surveyor type legal descriptions, that correct all that has happened, especially in Europe and Asia, since the reunification of Germany and the breakup of the Soviet Union. At the internal political boundary level, I analyzed the timezone database and extracted a complete list of all countries (21 in all) that have multiple different current timezones, where "different" is defined as either a different current GMT offset and/or a different current daylight savings time rule. This list is summarized in the table that appears below. Within this table are 6 timezones 9.* australasia/New_Zealand 11.* europe:Norway 12.* europe:Portugal 14.* europe:Spain 20.* southamerica:Chile 21.* southamerica:Ecuador that were edited to have an asterisk ("*") appended to their number to indicate that it seems obvious where to draw a boundary between their constituent timezones. It seems obvious because the two distinct timezones involved in each case are distinguished from each other by one being on the mainland and the other being on an offshore island. This leaves the following 15 countries 1. africa:Zaire 2. asia:Indonesia 3. asia:Japan 4. asia:Kazakhstan 5. australasia:Australia 6. australasia:French_Polynesia 7. australasia:Kiribati 8. australasia:Micronesia 10. europe:Denmark 13. europe:Russia 15. europe:Ukraine 16. northamerica:Canada 17. northamerica:Mexico 18. northamerica:United_States 19. southamerica:Brazil where the exact boundary lines between their internal regional timezones must still be identified. File:Country GMT DST Timezones Offset Rule 1. africa:Zaire Africa/Kinshasa 1:00 None Africa/Lubumbashi 2:00 None 2. asia:Indonesia Asia/Jakarta 7:00 None Asia/Ujung_Pandang 8:00 None Asia/Jayapura 9:00 None 3. asia:Japan Asia/Ishigaki 8:00 None Asia/Tokyo 9:00 None 4. asia:Kazakhstan Asia/Aqtau 4:00 E-Eur Asia/Aqtobe 5:00 E-Eur Asia/Alma-Ata 6:00 E-Eur 5. australasia:Australia Indian/Christmas 7:00 None Australia, Western 8:00 Australia/Perth 8:00 None Australia, Central 9:30 Australia/Adelaide 9:30 AS Australia/Darwin 9:30 Aus Australia, Eastern 10:00 Australia/Brisbane 10:00 AQ Australia/Sydney 10:00 AN Australia/Lord_Howe 10:30 LH 6. australasia:French_Polynesia Pacific/Tahiti -10:00 None Pacific/Marquesas -9:30 None Pacific/Gambier -9:00 None 7. australasia:Kiribati Pacific/Tarawa 12:00 None Pacific/Enderbury 13:00 None Pacific/Kiritimati 14:00 None 8. australasia:Micronesia Pacific/Yap 10:00 None Pacific/Ponape (Pohnpei) 11:00 None Pacific/Kosrae 12:00 None 9.* australasia/New_Zealand Pacific/Auckland 12:00 NZ Pacific/Chatham 12:45 Chatham 10. europe:Denmark America/Thule -4:00 Thule America/Godthab (Nuuk) -3:00 EU America/Scoresbysund (Ittoqqortoormiit) -1:00 EU Atlantic/Faeroe (Faroe Islands) 0:00 EU Europe/Copenhagen 1:00 EU 11.* europe:Norway Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 None Europe/Oslo 1:00 EU 12.* europe:Portugal Atlantic/Azores -1:00 EU Europe/Lisbon 0:00 EU 13. europe:Russia Europe/Kaliningrad 2:00 Russia Europe/Moscow 3:00 Russia Europe/Samara 4:00 Russia Europe/Yekaterinburg 5:00 Russia Asia/Novosibirsk 6:00 Russia Asia/Krasnoyarsk 7:00 Russia Asia/Irkutsk 8:00 Russia Asia/Yakutsk 9:00 Russia Asia/Vladivostok 10:00 Russia Asia/Magadan 11:00 Russia Asia/Kamchatka 12:00 Russia Asia/Anadyr 13:00 Russia 14.* europe:Spain Atlantic/Canary 0:00 EU Europe/Madrid 1:00 EU 15. europe:Ukraine Europe/Kiev 2:00 EU Europe/Simferopol 3:00 Crimea 16. northamerica:Canada Canada, Pacific -8:00 America/Vancouver -8:00 Vanc Canada, Mountain -7:00 America/Dawson_Creek -7:00 None America/Edmonton -7:00 Edm Canada, Central -6:00 America/Regina -6:00 None America/Winnipeg -6:00 Winn Canada, Eastern -5:00 America/Montreal -5:00 Mont Canada, Atlantic -4:00 America/Halifax -4:00 Halifax Canada, Newfoundland -3:30 America/St_Johns -3:30 StJohns 17. northamerica:Mexico Mexico, Pacific -8:00 America/Tijuana -8:00 Mexico Mexico, Mountain -7:00 America/Mazatlan -7:00 Mexico Mexico, Central -6:00 America/Mexico_City -6:00 Mexico 18. northamerica:United_States United_States, Samoa -11:00 Pacific/Midway -11:00 None United_States, Hawaii-Aleutian -10:00 America/Adak -10:00 US Pacific/Honolulu -10:00 None United_States, Alaska -9:00 America/Anchorage -9:00 US United_States, Pacific -8:00 America/Los_Angeles -8:00 US United_States, Mountain -7:00 America/Denver -7:00 US America/Phoenix -7:00 None United_States, Central -6:00 America/Chicago -6:00 US United_States, Eastern -5:00 America/Indianapolis -5:00 None America/New_York -5:00 US 19. southamerica:Brazil America/Porto_Acre -5:00 None Brazil, Western -4:00 America/Cuiaba -4:00 Brazil America/Manaus -4:00 None Brazil, Eastern -3:00 America/Fortaleza -3:00 None America/Sao_Paulo -3:00 Brazil America/Noronha -2:00 None 20.* southamerica:Chile Pacific/Easter -6:00 Chile America/Santiago -4:00 Chile 21.* southamerica:Ecuador Pacific/Galapagos -6:00 None America/Guayaquil -5:00 None The following list of timezone database entries that are currently operational duplicates of table entries above is provided for completeness. This list was generated by Paul Eggert. Africa/Ceuta (duplicate of Europe/Madrid) America/Boise (duplicate of America/Denver) America/Dawson, America/Whitehorse \ (duplicates of America/Vancouver) America/Detroit, America/Louisville \ (duplicates of America/New_York) America/Glace_Bay, America/Goose_Bay, America/Pangnirtung \ (duplicates of America/Halifax) America/Ensenada (duplicate of America/Tijuana) America/Indiana/Knox, America/Indiana/Marengo, \ America/Indiana/Vevay (duplicates of America/Indianapolis) America/Inuvik, America/Yellowknife \ (duplicates of America/Edmonton) America/Iqaluit, America/Nipigon, America/Thunder_Bay \ (duplicates of America/Montreal) America/Juneau, America/Nome, America/Yakutat \ (duplicates of America/Anchorage) America/Maceio (duplicate of America/Sao_Paulo) America/Menominee (duplicate of America/Chicago) America/Rainy_River, America/Rankin_Inlet \ (duplicates of America/Winnipeg) America/Swift_Current (duplicate of America/Regina) Asia/Omsk (duplicate of Asia/Novosibirsk) Atlantic/Madeira (duplicate of Europe/Lisbon) Australia/Broken_Hill (duplicate of Australia/Adelaide) Australia/Hobart, Australia/Melbourne \ (duplicates of Australia/Sydney) Australia/Lindeman (duplicate of Australia/Brisbane) Pacific/Truk (duplicate of Pacific/Yap) Anyhow, thanks in advance for any help that you end up providing. Dave Skinner dave(a)kirdu.jpl.nasa.gov P.S. I also wanted to thank both Paul Eggert and Eric Ulevik for replying to my original email (to tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov) and I especially wanted to thank Paul Eggert for reviewing my original version of this email as well.

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Paul Eggert's IDT patch makes sense
by Chris Carrier March 17, 1997

March 17, 1997

Some thoughts on Paul Eggert's proposed Israel DST rules for =>1999. The proposed rules of the third Friday in March to the third Sunday in September are very reasonable. It seems that the dates of the change are always set to avoid Jewish holy days/periods and the Jewish Sabbath, sunset Friday to sunset Saturday, and Paul's proposed rules do that. Passover, Nisan 15 in the Jewish calendar, is the first full moon after March 27 in the Gregorian calendar in this century. A third-Friday in March beginning prevents the beginning of DST from running into Passover. (Back when the Jewish calendar was determined on the basis of observation, Passover was supposed to be the first full moon after the vernal equinox (which survives in Christian Easter rules). I was informed that a group of rabbis met in Jerusalem to discuss reform of the Jewish calendar, but were unable to come to a conclusion (although the person who told me this suggested the rabbis' real reason for doing nothing was to avoid a schism such as the one that happened in Christendom in 1582 when the Gregorian calendar was implemented and the Catholics adopted it and the Protestants and Greek/Russian Orthodox did not.)) Although the Jewish New Year currently can fall during the date range 15-21 September, it can never be on a Sunday. Neither can Yom Kippur (which can occur prior to September 21) be a Sunday, so a third Sunday in September rule avoids that as well. (Tishri 1 can never fall on Sunday, Wednesday, or Friday because Yom Kippur must avoid Friday or Sunday and Succoth (Tishri 21) must avoid Saturday). However, New Years is celebrated for two days -- Tishri 1 and 2 -- and if Tishri 1 falls on Saturday, the clock change might be moved from Sunday to the preceding Friday. Also, the third Friday in March to third Sunday in September satisfies the current Israeli legal requirement of =>150 days of DST per year. Side note: there are always 154 days between the third Friday in March and the third Sunday in September and they are always the same dates in their respective months (the 15th in 1996, the 21st in 1997). I know that this is a bit of a digression, but I do think that Paul's patch does have some sound reasoning behind it. Chris Carrier

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Chatham Islands time
by Chris Carrier March 17, 1997

March 17, 1997

Some thoughts on the Chatham Islands time of time change. The legal standard time of the Chathams is GMT+12:45, and they observed DST on the same dates as New Zealand, which they are legally tied to. When NZ was making its time changes at 2:00 NZ time, the Chathams changed at 2:45 Chatham time, which was the same time (14:00 GMT of the previous day in both places). Since NZ just changed at 1:00, I would presume the change in the Chathams was at 1:45. Chris Carrier

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proposed tz patch for New Zealand, Israel
by Paul Eggert March 17, 1997

March 17, 1997

Here are proposed patches to the tz database for the recent minor change to the New Zealand rules reported by Jeffrey Connell. I'm also taking the liberty of proposing to regularize the formatting of the recent changes for Israel, along with one substantive change for Israel: a simpler and hopefully more accurate (though still undoubtedly incorrect) prediction for Israeli DST rules from 1999 on. (The existing prediction here seems to be based on the old late-1980s Israeli rules, and it stops after 2009.) =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/australasia,v retrieving revision 1997.1 retrieving revision 1997.1.1.1 diff -c -r1997.1 -r1997.1.1.1 *** australasia 1997/01/21 14:11:10 1997.1 --- australasia 1997/03/16 07:24:58 1997.1.1.1 *************** *** 305,313 **** Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S ! Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D ! Rule Chatham 1991 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1940 Sep 29 2:00 --- 305,315 ---- Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S ! Rule NZ 1990 1996 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S ! Rule NZ 1997 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D ! Rule Chatham 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S ! Rule Chatham 1997 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1940 Sep 29 2:00 *************** *** 832,837 **** --- 834,850 ---- # gives the NZ rules but with transitions at 2:45 local standard time. # Guess that they adopted DST in 1990. + # From "J. Sean Connell" <ankh(a)canuck.gen.nz> (1997-03-16): + # As I sit here and change all my other clocks, I would like to let y'all know + # that New Zealand changed its DST rules this year; instead of NZDT 02:59:59 + # becoming NZST 02:00:00, NZDT 01:59:59 now -> NZST 01:00:00. I'm afraid that + # I can't point you to any confirmatory articles, but apparently it was only + # decided a few weeks ago. + # + # From Paul Eggert (1997-03-15): + # We'll assume Chatham followed suit. + + ############################################################################### # Fiji =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/asia,v retrieving revision 1997.3 retrieving revision 1997.3.1.1 diff -c -r1997.3 -r1997.3.1.1 *** asia 1997/03/04 14:58:18 1997.3 --- asia 1997/03/16 07:24:58 1997.3.1.1 *************** *** 508,515 **** # From Ephraim Silverberg (ephraim(a)cs.huji.ac.il) 1997-03-04: - # Zone Information Compiler (ZIC) File for the State of Israel (1989-2009) - # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. # Each year they decide anew what havoc to wreak on the country. However, --- 508,513 ---- *************** *** 525,551 **** # change back to standard time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday # night to avoid conflicts with the Jewish New Year. ! # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S ! Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0:00 S # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S ! Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0:00 S # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 --- 523,549 ---- # change back to standard time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday # night to avoid conflicts with the Jewish New Year. ! # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S ! Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S ! Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S ! Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S ! Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S ! Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S ! Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S ! Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 *************** *** 560,599 **** # # ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1997.ps.gz # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S ! Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1998 only - Oct 18 0:00 0:00 S ! ! # These rules are probably wrong, but they are close approximations (usually ! # within a few weeks): ! ! # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S ! Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 11 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 5 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2000 only - Sep 24 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 9 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2002 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2002 only - Sep 1 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2003 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2003 only - Sep 21 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 12 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2005 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2005 only - Sep 25 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2006 only - Apr 23 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2006 only - Sep 17 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2007 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 9 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2008 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2009 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 13 0:00 0:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880 --- 558,577 ---- # # ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1997.ps.gz + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S + Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D + Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S + Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D + Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S + Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D + Rule Zion 1998 only - Oct 18 0:00 0 S + + # From Paul Eggert (1997-03-15): + # Here are guesses for rules after 1998. + # They are probably wrong, but they are more likely than no DST at all. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S ! Rule Zion 1999 max - Mar Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1999 max - Sep Sun>=15 0:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880

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Daylight savings time in New Zealand
by J. Sean Connell March 15, 1997

March 15, 1997

As I sit here and change all my other clocks, I would like to let y'all know that New Zealand changed its DST rules this year; instead of NZDT 02:59:59 becoming NZST 02:00:00, NZDT 01:59:59 now -> NZST 01:00:00. I'm afraid that I can't point you to any confirmatory articles, but apparently it was only decided a few weeks ago... -- Jeffrey Connell | Systems Adminstrator, ICONZ ankh(a)canuck.gen.nz | Any opinions stated above are not my employers', ankh(a)iconz.co.nz | not my boyfriend's, my priest's, my God's, my #include <stddisc.h> | my friends', and probably not even my own. ---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------- Fingerprint: 1024/2B8B116D | Key at http://www.canuck.gen.nz/~ankh/pgpkey.html

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