- tz - lists.iana.org

copyright clarification
by Klaus Klein Oct. 5, 2001

Oct. 5, 2001

Hi folks, a fellow NetBSD developer pointed out to me that several tzcode files (both code and manual pages) are lacking a copyright statement; while I personally believe it's safe to treat them as placed in the public domain too (unless stated otherwise, i.e. strftime.[3c]), from the project's POV the addition of such a statement to those files would be appreciated. (The same possibly applies also to tzdata, any thoughts?) Thanks, - Klaus

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About mexican DST
by Jesper Nørgaard Oct. 5, 2001

Oct. 5, 2001

+# From Reuters (2001-09-04): +# Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was +# unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the +# capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation +# next year.... The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00 +# a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to +# standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not +# subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said. + * Mexico's Supreme Court has declared that daylight savings is unconstitutional in Mexico City. For now, we'll assume that Mexico City will not observe DST next year. Quite possibly this will change. (Thanks to Scott Harrington for this.) ========================================================= Above a couple of quotes from Paul Eggert's last mail. As a resident of Mexico I would like to clarify a couple of points. I happen to believe that most likely Mexico will still apply daylight saving next year, despite public protests, but this is my personal opinion and remains to be seen. However, I strongly believe Reuter's interpretation of the Supreme Court case to be incorrect and pretentious. It says that "daylight savings is unconstitutional in Mexico City". The court said no such thing. It made two separate rulings where one handled the decree from Mexico City mayor Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador which stated that Mexico City should *not* observe DST, and a decree from mexican president Vicente Fox that defined DST rules in all of the Republic. In both cases it deemed the decrees (not DST itself) unconstitutional. There is a big difference. It would be like if the president had put an extra tax on chewing gum, and a court rule had said that he had no authority to do so, then the conclusion would be that all taxes have been deemed unconstitutional by the court?!?! The clear result of the Supreme Court rulings is that DST and time zones are a matter under the authority of the Congress (Congreso de la Unión). Since they have not yet (as far as I know) spoken about this issue, we don't know which way they are leaning. Because of the documented savings in electricity I think they are more likely to continue DST, but that is for them to say, not for me. The Reuter article continues "... creating the possibility the capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation next year.... ". This is really how the devil reads the bible. How can the change from nation-wide authority of setting DST rules from the president to the congress effect that suddenly the capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of Mexico? While the congress may decide to change current rules I think it is extremely unlikely that they will make rules that will make Mexico City different to the rest of Mexico, since nobody wants that solution, not even the most fundamentalist DST opposers. For the tz database I don't really care how we put this at the moment. I am sure we will get a congress decision before first Sunday of May 2002 when DST would start again if we stick to the old presidential rule. Regards, Jesper Nørgaard Welen Email: jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx Project Leader (Líder de Proyecto) Software CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Dirección: CIMMYT Int. c/o Jesper Nørgaard Km. 45, Carretera México-Veracruz El Batán Texcoco, Edo. de México CP 56130 MEXICO Tel.: +52 (5) 58-04-20-04 ext. 1374 Fax: +52 (5) 58-04-75-58 Tel. Casa: 53-10-05-95 ó 53-10-97-78 CIMMYT home page: http://cimmyt.cgiar.org Check out my free program World Time Explorer: http://www20.Brinkster.com/timezone50/index.htm http://tz.freewebsites.com/index.htm

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FW: southamerica timezone update for Brazilian Summer Time 2001
by Olson, Arthur David (NCI) Oct. 4, 2001

Oct. 4, 2001

Marcus Felipe Pereira is not on the time zone mailing list; direct replies appropriately. --ado -----Original Message----- From: Marcus Felipe Pereira [mailto:marcus@task.com.br] Sent: Thursday, October 04, 2001 3:50 PM To: tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov Subject: southamerica timezone update for Brazilian Summer Time 2001 I'm sending (MIMED) the diff file for the southamerica timezone. It´s updated for Brazilian Sumer Time in 2001. The rule is the same but some states were included. Marcus Felipe Pereira marcus(a)task.com.br

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southamerica timezone update for Brazilian Summer Time 2001
by Marcus Felipe Pereira Oct. 3, 2001

Oct. 3, 2001

I'm sending (MIMED) the diff file for the southamerica timezone. It´s updated for Brazilian Sumer Time in 2001. The rule is the same but some states were included. Marcus Felipe Pereira marcus(a)task.com.br

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Time zone changes for Riga, Latvia
by prg51＠morics.riga.post.lv Oct. 3, 2001

Oct. 3, 2001

Hi! There is changes according of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia from 2001. January, 9 Nr 18. diff -c europe\~ europe *** europe~ Wed Oct 25 21:44:08 2000 --- europe Sun Sep 30 21:52:24 2001 *************** *** 1183,1189 **** 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 ! 2:00 - EET # Liechtenstein # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] --- 1183,1190 ---- 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 ! 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 9 ! 2:00 EU EE%sT # Liechtenstein # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] so, the 2000 year was only one without summer time in Latvia. Since 2001 summer time applayed again by Europe rules for second time zone. WL

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proposed tz changes for Brazil, Tonga, Mexico, Mongolia, etc.
by Paul Eggert Oct. 2, 2001

Oct. 2, 2001

Since Brazil and Tonga are changing their rules this month, it's time for another update to the tz database. Here are all the changes that I have been saving up. As usual, thanks to everybody who has contributed -- it wouldn't happen without you. The following changes affect future and/or current time stamps: * Brazil has changed the rules again, and the following locations are now planned to observe DST this year: America/Fortaleza, America/Recife, America/Maceio. (Thanks to Rives McDow for this.) * Tonga will observe DST this summer from 11-25 to 03-03. (Thanks to Rives McDow for this.) * Mexico's Supreme Court has declared that daylight savings is unconstitutional in Mexico City. For now, we'll assume that Mexico City will not observe DST next year. Quite possibly this will change. (Thanks to Scott Harrington for this.) * New zone Asia/Choibalsan for +09:00 in Mongolia. (Thanks to Rives McDow for this.) * New zone America/Danmarkshavn for +00:00 in Greenland. This is the secondmost northerly entry in the tz database, behind only Arctic/Longyearbyen. America/Thule no longer observes DST, apparently. (Thanks to Gwillim Law and Steffen Thorsen for this.) The following changes affect past time stamps only: * New zone Asia/Sakhalin for Sakhalinskaya oblast', which switched from +11:00 to +10:00 recently. (Thanks to Gwillim Law for this.) * New zone America/North_Dakota/Center for Oliver County, ND, which switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25. (Thanks to Rives McDow for this.) * Europe/Amsterdam switched from 0:20 to 1:00 on 1940-05-16, not 1940-05-17. (Thanks to Robert H. van Gent for this.) * The following changes were gotten from rereading Shanks more carefully: - Angola Time was +00:52:04, not +00:52:56. - British East Africa Unified Time was +02:44:45, not +02:45. - Bolivia used Calamarca Mean Time, not La Paz Mean Time. - Caracas Mean Time(?) was -04:27:40, not -04:27:44. - Fort-de-France Mean Time was -04:04:20, not -04:04. - Funchal Mean Time was -01:07:36, not -01:08. - Horta Mean Time was -01:54:32, not -01:55. - Lima Mean Time(?) was -05:08:36, not -05:09. - Managua used -05:45:12, not -05:45. - Panama used Colon Mean Time (-05:19:36), not -05:20. - Port Moresby Mean Time was +09:48:32, not +09:48:40. The following changes affect zone.tab and zone names: * Rename Asia/Chungking to Asia/Chongqing, as the latter spelling seems by far the most popular in English now. Add a backward compatibility link. (Thanks to Yao Zhang for this suggestion.) * Use different comments for China and Greenland time zones in zone.tab in an attempt to avoid confusion. (Thanks to Yao Zhang and Oscar van Vlijmen for suggestions.) * Sort zone.tab correctly. The following change affects the C code: * Add OTIME_MSG and NTIME_MSG macros to date.c, for hosts that lack them. The following changes affect commentary only: * A list of which regions of Russia use which tz entries. (Thanks to Oscar van Vlijmen for this.) * A summary of the long discussion of Australian time zone abbreviations. (Thanks to everyone who wrote in about this.) * West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on 1999-10-31, but this apparently had no effect on the clocks that people actually used. (Thanks to Rives McDow for the notification of the official change; I verified that it was not a real change.) * More discussion in "Theory" about Zone naming conventions. Update POSIX reference to Draft 7. * Argentina had some interesting legal maneuvers this year that resulted in no change to the rules. (Thanks to Mariano Absatz for this.) * The official rule for Wayne County's switch. * Scott Harrington's notes on Melbourne's Shrine of Remembrance. * Remove Gwillim Law's obsolete email address. * XHTML syntax corrections to tz-art.htm. * Add commentary in tz-link explaining TZ usage, and explaining problems with alphanumeric time zone abbreviations. * Add links to a fine map of Russan Federation time zones (in Russian), the (US) National Weather Service time zone map data, the Royal Observatory of Belgium, the (UK) National Physical Laboratory, * Update links for HP-UX, Open UNIX, Tru64, wget, tar, gzip, Stewart's converter, Vzic, SSIM, CIA map, Perry-Castaneda collection, PTB, NTP, draft-ietf-impp-datetime. * Remove links to worldtimezone.com and to ISO 8601:1988 (no longer on the web). * Add James Joyce's comment about Dunsink Time in "Ulysses". =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/africa,v retrieving revision 2001.3 retrieving revision 2001.3.0.1 diff -pu -r2001.3 -r2001.3.0.1 --- africa 2001/06/05 17:48:22 2001.3 +++ africa 2001/10/02 06:13:03 2001.3.0.1 @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). # -# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law(a)bridge-point.com> writes that a good source +# Gwillim Law writes that a good source # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! # 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time # 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) -# 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) +# 2:44:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) # 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) # 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) # 3:00 EAT East Africa Time @@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 M # Angola # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 - 0:52:04 - LMT 1911 May 26 # Luanda Mean Time? + 0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time 1:00 - WAT # Benin @@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 M Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 3:00 - EAT 1930 2:30 - BEAT 1940 - 2:45 - BEAUT 1960 + 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1960 3:00 - EAT # Lesotho @@ -287,9 +287,9 @@ Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Ma 2:00 - SAST # Liberia -# From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1993-11-18): +# From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (2001-07-17): # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch -# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 minutes. +# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. # Shanks reports the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; go with Shanks. # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks reports -0:44, whereas Howse and Whitman @@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 M # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 3:00 - EAT 1948 - 2:45 - BEAUT 1961 + 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1961 3:00 - EAT # Togo @@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 3:00 - EAT 1930 2:30 - BEAT 1948 - 2:45 - BEAUT 1957 + 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1957 3:00 - EAT # Zambia =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/asia,v retrieving revision 2001.3 retrieving revision 2001.3.0.2 diff -pu -r2001.3 -r2001.3.0.2 --- asia 2001/06/05 17:48:22 2001.3 +++ asia 2001/10/02 16:39:30 2001.3.0.2 @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). # -# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law(a)bridge-point.com> writes that a good source +# Gwillim Law writes that a good source # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries @@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 8:00 PRC C%sT -Zone Asia/Chungking 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chongqing +Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking 7:00 - CHUT 1980 May # Chungking Time 8:00 PRC C%sT Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi @@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 +Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei 8:00 Taiwan C%sT # Macao (Macau, Aomen) @@ -932,9 +932,11 @@ Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 # Malaysia # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS +Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - +# # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +# peninsular Malaysia Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:48 - LMT 1880 6:55:24 - SMT 1905 Jun # Singapore Mean Time 7:00 - MALT 1933 # Malaya Time @@ -943,6 +945,7 @@ Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:48 - LMT 188 7:20 - MALT 1950 7:30 - MALT 1982 May 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time +# Sabah & Sarawak Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 @@ -1022,11 +1025,10 @@ Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan -# We're still not sure about this data, so we'll omit it for now. -#Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug -# 7:00 - ULAT 1978 -# 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT 1983 Apr -# 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT # Choibalsan Time +Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug + 7:00 - ULAT 1978 + 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr + 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT # Choibalsan Time # Nepal # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/australasia,v retrieving revision 2001.2 retrieving revision 2001.2.0.1 diff -pu -r2001.2 -r2001.2.0.1 --- australasia 2001/04/05 20:43:40 2001.2 +++ australasia 2001/10/02 06:13:03 2001.2.0.1 @@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ # Australia +# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - @@ -359,7 +361,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # # Papua New Guinea # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 - 9:48:40 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time + 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time # Pitcairn @@ -399,6 +401,8 @@ Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - Rule Tonga 2000 only - Nov 4 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Tonga 2001 only - Jan 27 2:00s 0 - +Rule Tonga 2001 only - Nov 25 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Tonga 2002 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time @@ -473,7 +477,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). # -# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law(a)bridge-point.com> writes that a good source +# Gwillim Law writes that a good source # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries @@ -535,12 +539,93 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. -# From Arthur David Olson (March 8 1992): +# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: # CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 # WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 # EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 +# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" +# versus "AEST" etc.: +# +# I see the following points of dispute: +# +# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? +# +# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris +# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper +# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity +# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian +# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. +# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique +# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't +# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. +# +# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous +# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is +# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for +# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. +# +# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? +# +# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in +# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about +# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard +# Time, for example. +# +# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to +# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a +# tiebreaker. +# +# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern +# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with +# the word "Australian"? +# +# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are +# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more +# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more +# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the +# following count of page hits: +# +# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au +# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au +# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au +# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au +# +# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", +# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, +# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer +# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. +# +# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of +# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and +# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here +# are the hit counts anyway: +# +# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au +# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au +# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au +# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au +# +# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au +# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au +# 176 "ACST" and domain:au +# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au +# +# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au +# 68 "AWST" and domain:au +# +# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in +# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given +# the ambiguities involved. +# +# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? +# +# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 +# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, +# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and +# understood in Australia. + # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): # Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. # Mark Prior <mrp(a)itd.adelaide.edu.au> writes that his newspaper @@ -756,6 +841,28 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] +# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): +# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an +# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was +# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar +# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located +# in Melbourne, Australia. +# +# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which +# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day +# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's +# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, +# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the +# expected time. +# +# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had +# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of +# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps +# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. +# +# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html +# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au + # New South Wales # From Arthur David Olson: @@ -1120,6 +1227,12 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. +# From Rives McDow (2001-07-17): +# The Kingdom of Tonga will move to DST at 0200 local time on Sunday, +# November 25, 2001 and revert back to standard time at 0300 local +# time on Sunday, March 3, 2002. + + ############################################################################### # The International Date Line =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/backward,v retrieving revision 2001.1 retrieving revision 2001.1.0.2 diff -pu -r2001.1 -r2001.1.0.2 --- backward 2001/03/13 17:57:41 2001.1 +++ backward 2001/10/02 16:39:30 2001.1.0.2 @@ -9,8 +9,9 @@ Link America/Indianapolis America/Fort_W Link America/Indiana/Knox America/Knox_IN Link America/Rio_Branco America/Porto_Acre Link America/St_Thomas America/Virgin -Link Asia/Dhaka Asia/Dacca Link Asia/Ashgabat Asia/Ashkhabad +Link Asia/Chongqing Asia/Chungking +Link Asia/Dhaka Asia/Dacca Link Asia/Jerusalem Asia/Tel_Aviv Link Asia/Thimphu Asia/Thimbu Link Asia/Ulaanbaatar Asia/Ulan_Bator @@ -43,9 +44,9 @@ Link Pacific/Easter Chile/EasterIsland Link America/Havana Cuba Link Africa/Cairo Egypt Link Europe/Dublin Eire +Link Europe/Chisinau Europe/Tiraspol Link Europe/London GB Link Europe/London GB-Eire -Link Europe/Chisinau Europe/Tiraspol Link Etc/GMT+0 GMT+0 Link Etc/GMT-0 GMT-0 Link Etc/GMT0 GMT0 @@ -65,9 +66,9 @@ Link America/Denver Navajo Link Pacific/Auckland NZ Link Pacific/Chatham NZ-CHAT Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Samoa -Link Asia/Shanghai PRC Link Europe/Warsaw Poland Link Europe/Lisbon Portugal +Link Asia/Shanghai PRC Link Asia/Taipei ROC Link Asia/Seoul ROK Link Asia/Singapore Singapore =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/date.c,v retrieving revision 2001.1 retrieving revision 2001.1.0.1 diff -pu -r2001.1 -r2001.1.0.1 --- date.c 2001/03/13 17:57:37 2001.1 +++ date.c 2001/10/02 06:13:03 2001.1.0.1 @@ -44,6 +44,13 @@ static char sccsid[] = "@(#)date.c 4.23 #include "utmpx.h" #endif +#ifndef OTIME_MSG +#define OTIME_MSG "old time" +#endif +#ifndef NTIME_MSG +#define NTIME_MSG "new time" +#endif + /* ** The two things date knows about time are. . . */ =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/europe,v retrieving revision 2001.3 retrieving revision 2001.3.0.2 diff -pu -r2001.3 -r2001.3.0.2 --- europe 2001/06/05 17:48:22 2001.3 +++ europe 2001/10/02 16:39:30 2001.3.0.2 @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). # -# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law(a)bridge-point.com> writes that a good source +# Gwillim Law writes that a good source # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries @@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) # </a>. -# From Paul Eggert (2000-02-17): +# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-18): # # For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948. # @@ -234,6 +234,12 @@ # # # Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks. +# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory +# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was +# to London. For example: +# +# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." +# -- James Joyce, Ulysses # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): # Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) @@ -374,14 +380,14 @@ Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 D 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 0:00 EU GMT/BST Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 - -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT + -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin/Dunsink MT -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s # Irish Summer Time 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 0:00 EU GMT/BST -Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 - -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT +Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 + -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 @@ -728,12 +734,36 @@ Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU # rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. +# From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing +# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), +# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: +# +# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC +# is according to the following time line: +# +# The military zone near Thule UTC-4 +# Standard Greenland time UTC-3 +# Scoresbysund UTC-1 +# Danmarkshavn UTC +# +# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be +# introduced. + +# From Paul Eggert (2001-09-29): +# The 1997 CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; the 1995 map as like Godthab. +# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996. +# The 2000 IATA shows Thule as observing DST, so assume they stopped in 2001. + # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Thule 1993 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D -Rule Thule 1993 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Thule 1993 2000 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Thule 1993 2000 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 + -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 + -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996 + 0:00 - GMT Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 @@ -1081,7 +1111,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1 # # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, -# called ``Palermo Time'' (+0053) and ``Cagliari Time'' (+0038). +# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, # so record only the time in Rome. @@ -1442,7 +1472,7 @@ Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 - 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 17 0:00 # Dutch Time + 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1:00 EU CE%sT @@ -1659,14 +1689,14 @@ Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 0:00 EU WE%sT Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada - -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time + -1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u -1:00 EU AZO%sT Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal - -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time + -1:07:36 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 0:00 EU WE%sT @@ -1707,6 +1737,12 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 # are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks, except we follow # Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. # +# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz(a)iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29): +# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! +# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; +# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching +# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. +# # From Andrey A. Chernov <ache(a)nagual.ru> (1996-10-04): # `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with # Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... @@ -1725,12 +1761,44 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 # the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began # enforcing curfew at the wrong time. # +# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): +# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in +# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the +# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan +# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok +# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are +# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have +# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. +# # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +# +# Kaliningradskaya oblast'. Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 Russia EE%sT +# +# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] +# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast', Astrakhanskaya oblast', +# Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast', +# Volgogradskaya oblast', Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast', +# Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya, +# Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya, +# Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya, +# Respublika Kareliya, Kirovskaya oblast', Respublika Komi, +# Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast', +# Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El, +# Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast', +# Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug, +# Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast', +# Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast', +# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg, Saratovskaya oblast', +# Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast', +# Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan, +# Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast', +# Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast', +# Yaroslavskaya oblast' Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 @@ -1739,6 +1807,9 @@ Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD +# +# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] +# Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 3:00 - KUYT 1930 Jun 21 # Kuybyshev 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s @@ -1746,59 +1817,115 @@ Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 J 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 4:00 Russia SAM%sT # Samara Time +# +# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] +# Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug, +# Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast', +# Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast', +# Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast', +# Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug. Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time +# +# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] +# Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'. Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 6:00 Russia OMS%sT -# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz(a)iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29): -# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! -# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; -# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching -# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. +# +# Novosibirskaya oblast'. Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # says Shanks 6:00 Russia NOV%sT +# +# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] +# Kemerovskaya oblast', Krasnoyarskij kraj, +# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug, Tomskaya oblast', +# Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug. Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 7:00 Russia KRA%sT +# +# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] +# Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast', +# Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug. Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 8:00 Russia IRK%sT +# +# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] +# Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast', +# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'. +# +# From Alan Pritchard (2001-08-24): [The Sakha districts are:] +# Aldansky, Amginsky, Anabarsky, Bulunsky, Churapchinsky, +# Eveno-Bytantaisky, Gorny, Khangalassky, Kobyaisky, Lensky, +# Megino-Kangalassky, Mirninsky, Namsky, Nyurbinsky, Olenyoksky, +# Olyokminsky, Srednekolymsky, Suntarsky, Tattinsky, Ust-Aldansky, +# Verkhnekolymsky, Verkhnevilyuisky, Vilyuisky, Zhigansky. Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 9:00 Russia YAK%sT +# +# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] +# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj, +# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). +# +# From Alan Pritchard (2001-08-24): [The Sakha districts are:] +# Tomponsky, Ust-Maisky, Ust-Yansky, Verkhoyansky. Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 10:00 Russia VLA%sT +# +# Sakhalinskaya oblast'. +# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. +Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 + 9:00 - CJT 1938 + 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25 + 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T. + 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s + 10:00 Russia SAK%sT +# +# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] +# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). +# +# From Alan Pritchard (2001-08-24): [The Sakha districts are:] +# Abyisky, Allaikhovsky, Momsky, Nizhnekolymsky, Oimyakonsky. Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 11:00 Russia MAG%sT -# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. +# +# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] +# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug. +# +# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 12:00 Russia PET%sT +# +# Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/northamerica,v retrieving revision 2001.3 retrieving revision 2001.3.0.1 diff -pu -r2001.3 -r2001.3.0.1 --- northamerica 2001/06/05 17:48:22 2001.3 +++ northamerica 2001/10/02 06:13:03 2001.3.0.1 @@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ Rule US 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 # See the file "australasia". -# US Eastern time, represented by New York +# US eastern time, represented by New York # Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida, # Georgia, far southeastern Indiana, eastern Kentucky, Maine, @@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ Zone America/New_York -4:56:02 - LMT 188 -5:00 NYC E%sT 1967 -5:00 US E%sT -# US Central time, represented by Chicago +# US central time, represented by Chicago # Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle, Illinois, western Indiana # corners, Iowa, most of Kansas, western Kentucky, Louisiana, @@ -232,11 +232,16 @@ Zone America/Chicago -5:50:36 - LMT 1883 -6:00 US C%sT 1946 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1967 -6:00 US C%sT +# Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25. +Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00 + -7:00 US M%sT 1992 Oct 25 02:00 + -6:00 US C%sT -# US Mountain time, represented by Denver +# US mountain time, represented by Denver # # Colorado, southern Idaho, far western Kansas, Montana, western -# Nebraska, New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota, far eastern Oregon, +# Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City), +# New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota, far eastern Oregon, # western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County, # and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming # @@ -256,7 +261,7 @@ Zone America/Denver -6:59:56 - LMT 1883 # US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles # -# California, northern Idaho, Nevada, most of Oregon, and Washington +# California, northern Idaho, most of Nevada, most of Oregon, and Washington # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER Rule CA 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00 1:00 D @@ -511,6 +516,13 @@ Link America/Louisville America/Kentucky # Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern # (-0500) time. They won't "fall back" this year. See Sara Shipley, # The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400). +# +# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16): +# The final rule was published in the +# <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2000_register&doc…"> +# Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), page 50154-50158. +# </a> +# Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00 -6:00 US C%sT 1946 -6:00 - CST 1968 @@ -526,13 +538,20 @@ Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:2 # Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10 # West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10 # Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10 -# There is another change in the offing; Mercer County, ND is looking -# to change from MT to CT. It is possible that two other ND counties -# (Sioux and Morton) will look to change also. If made, the earliest -# a change would be effective is October 2001. # -# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): -# FIXME: I haven't yet had time to incorporate all the above changes. +# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17): +# We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS, +# so omit that change for now. +# See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change. +# See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change. +# West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on +# 1999-10-31. See the +# <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&doc…"> +# Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), page 56705-56707. +# </a> +# However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated +# on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official; +# hence a separate tz entry is not needed. # Michigan # @@ -618,7 +637,7 @@ Link Pacific/Honolulu HST # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). # -# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law(a)bridge-point.com> writes that a good source +# Gwillim Law writes that a good source # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries @@ -1077,9 +1096,9 @@ Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 - LMT # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): # <a href="http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html"> # Basic Facts: The New Territory -# </a> (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on Eastern time, +# </a> (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time, # and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST. We don't know when -# Pangnirtung switched to Eastern time; we'll guess 1995. +# Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995. # We'll ignore the claim about Coral Harbour for now, # since we have no further info. @@ -1334,6 +1353,15 @@ Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 # References: "Diario de Monterrey" <www.diariodemonterrey.com/index.asp> # Palabra <http://palabra.infosel.com/010331/primera/ppri3101.pdf> (2001-03-31) +# From Reuters (2001-09-04): +# Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was +# unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the +# capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation +# next year.... The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00 +# a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to +# standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not +# subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said. + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Mexico 1939 only - Feb 5 0:00 1:00 D Rule Mexico 1939 only - Jun 25 0:00 0 S @@ -1370,7 +1398,8 @@ Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 - LMT -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1 - -6:00 Mexico C%sT + -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2001 Sep 30 02:00 + -6:00 - CST # Chihuahua Zone America/Chihuahua -7:04:20 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:55:40 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 @@ -1671,7 +1700,7 @@ Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:12 - LMT 1890 # Martinique # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 - LMT 1890 # Fort-de-France - -4:04 - FFMT 1911 May # Fort-de-France MT + -4:04:20 - FFMT 1911 May # Fort-de-France MT -4:00 - AST 1980 Apr 6 -4:00 1:00 ADT 1980 Sep 28 -4:00 - AST @@ -1697,7 +1726,7 @@ Rule Nic 1992 only - Jan 1 4:00 1:00 D Rule Nic 1992 only - Sep 24 0:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Managua -5:45:08 - LMT 1890 - -5:45 - MMT 1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time + -5:45:12 - MMT 1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time? -6:00 - CST 1973 May -5:00 - EST 1975 Feb 16 -6:00 Nic C%sT 1993 Jan 1 4:00 @@ -1707,7 +1736,7 @@ Zone America/Managua -5:45:08 - LMT 1890 # Panama # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Panama -5:18:08 - LMT 1890 - -5:20 - PMT 1908 Apr 22 # Panama Mean Time + -5:19:36 - CMT 1908 Apr 22 # Colon Mean Time -5:00 - EST # Puerto Rico @@ -1726,7 +1755,7 @@ Zone America/St_Kitts -4:10:52 - LMT 191 # St Lucia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/St_Lucia -4:04:00 - LMT 1890 # Castries - -4:04 - CMT 1912 # Castries Mean Time + -4:04:00 - CMT 1912 # Castries Mean Time -4:00 - AST # St Pierre and Miquelon =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/southamerica,v retrieving revision 2001.3 retrieving revision 2001.3.0.1 diff -pu -r2001.3 -r2001.3.0.1 --- southamerica 2001/06/05 17:48:23 2001.3 +++ southamerica 2001/10/02 06:13:03 2001.3.0.1 @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). # -# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law(a)bridge-point.com> writes that a good source +# Gwillim Law writes that a good source # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries @@ -125,6 +125,29 @@ Rule Arg 2000 only - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - # de la Rua on March 2, 2000, because it would make people spend more energy # in the winter time, rather than less. The change took effect on March 3. # +# From Mariano Absatz (2001-06-06): +# one of the major newspapers here in Argentina said that the 1999 +# Timezone Law (which never was effectively applied) will (would?) be +# in effect.... The article is at +# http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-06/e-01701.htm +# ... The Law itself is "Ley No 25155", sanctioned on 1999-08-25, enacted +# 1999-09-17, and published 1999-09-21. The official publication is at: +# http://www.boletin.jus.gov.ar/BON/Primera/1999/09-Septiembre/21/PDF/BO21-09… +# Regretfully, you have to subscribe (and pay) for the on-line version.... +# +# (2001-06-12): +# the timezone for Argentina will not change next Sunday. +# Apparently it will do so on Sunday 24th.... +# http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-12/s-03501.htm +# +# (2001-06-25): +# Last Friday (yes, the last working day before the date of the change), the +# Senate annulled the 1999 law that introduced the changes later postponed. +# http://www.clarin.com.ar/diario/2001-06-22/s-03601.htm +# It remains the vote of the Deputies..., but it will be the same.... +# This kind of things had always been done this way in Argentina. +# We are still -03:00 all year round in all of the country. +# # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # # Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF), Santa Cruz (SC), @@ -206,7 +229,7 @@ Zone America/Aruba -4:40:24 - LMT 1912 F # Bolivia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890 - -4:32:36 - LPMT 1931 Oct 15 # La Paz Mean Time + -4:32:36 - CMT 1931 Oct 15 # Calamarca MT -4:32:36 1:00 BOST 1932 Mar 21 # Bolivia ST -4:00 - BOT # Bolivia Time @@ -382,8 +405,14 @@ Rule Brazil 2000 only - Feb 27 0:00 0 - # repeals DST in PE and RR, effective 2000-10-15 00:00. # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3632.jpg">3,632</a> (2000-10-17) # repeals DST in SE, AL, PB, RN, CE, PI and MA, effective 2000-10-22 00:00. +# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3916.gif">3,916</a> +# (2001-09-13) reestablishes DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE. +# +# The latest decree listed above says that the following states observe DST: +# AL, BA, CE, DF, ES, GO, MA, MG, MS, MT, +# PB, PE, PI, PR, RJ, RN, RS, SC, SE, SP, TO. # -# These give only one year's rules. After that, the rules are guesses +# For dates after mid-2002, the following rules are guesses # and are quite possibly wrong, but are more likely than no DST at all. Rule Brazil 2000 max - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S Rule Brazil 2001 max - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 - @@ -409,14 +438,16 @@ Zone America/Fortaleza -2:34:00 - LMT 19 -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1990 Sep 17 -3:00 - BRT 1999 Sep 30 -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2000 Oct 22 - -3:00 - BRT + -3:00 - BRT 2001 Sep 13 + -3:00 Brazil BR%sT # # Pernambuco (PE) (except Atlantic islands) Zone America/Recife -2:19:36 - LMT 1914 -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1990 Sep 17 -3:00 - BRT 1999 Sep 30 -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2000 Oct 15 - -3:00 - BRT + -3:00 - BRT 2001 Sep 13 + -3:00 Brazil BR%sT # # Tocantins (TO) Zone America/Araguaina -3:12:48 - LMT 1914 @@ -431,7 +462,8 @@ Zone America/Maceio -2:22:52 - LMT 1914 -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1996 Sep 4 -3:00 - BRT 1999 Sep 30 -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2000 Oct 22 - -3:00 - BRT + -3:00 - BRT 2001 Sep 13 + -3:00 Brazil BR%sT # # Bahia (BA), Goias (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG), # Espirito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Sao Paulo (SP), Parana (PR), @@ -441,7 +473,7 @@ Zone America/Sao_Paulo -3:06:28 - LMT 19 -3:00 1:00 BRST 1964 -3:00 Brazil BR%sT # -# Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul +# Mato Grosso (MT), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) Zone America/Cuiaba -3:44:20 - LMT 1914 -4:00 Brazil AM%sT # @@ -726,7 +758,7 @@ Rule Peru 1994 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Peru 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Lima -5:08:12 - LMT 1890 - -5:09 - LMT 1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time + -5:08:36 - LMT 1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time? -5:00 Peru PE%sT # Peru Time # South Georgia @@ -811,6 +843,6 @@ Zone America/Montevideo -3:44:44 - LMT 1 # Venezuela # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Caracas -4:27:44 - LMT 1890 - -4:27:44 - CMT 1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time + -4:27:40 - CMT 1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time? -4:30 - VET 1965 # Venezuela Time -4:00 - VET =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/Theory,v retrieving revision 2001.1 retrieving revision 2001.1.0.1 diff -pu -r2001.1 -r2001.1.0.1 --- Theory 2001/03/13 17:57:31 2001.1 +++ Theory 2001/10/02 06:13:03 2001.1.0.1 @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ POSIX.1 has the following properties and stdoffset[dst[offset],date[/time],date[/time]] where: - + std and dst are 3 or more characters specifying the standard and daylight saving time (DST) zone names. @@ -179,11 +179,34 @@ so much the better. ----- Names of time zone rule files ----- -The names of this package's installed time zone rule files are chosen to -help minimize possible future incompatibilities due to political events. -Ordinarily, names of countries are not used, to avoid incompatibilities -when countries change their name (e.g. Zaire->Congo) or -when locations change countries (e.g. Hong Kong from UK colony to China). +The time zone rule file naming conventions attempt to strike a balance +among the following goals: + + * Uniquely identify every national region where clocks have all + agreed since 1970. This is essential for the intended use: static + clocks keeping local civil time. + + * Indicate to humans as to where that region is. This simplifes use. + + * Be robust in the presence of political changes. This reduces the + number of updates and backward-compatibility hacks. For example, + names of countries are ordinarily not used, to avoid + incompatibilities when countries change their name + (e.g. Zaire->Congo) or when locations change countries + (e.g. Hong Kong from UK colony to China). + + * Be portable to a wide variety of implementations. + This promotes use of the technology. + + * Use a consistent naming convention over the entire world. + This simplifies both use and maintenance. + +This naming convention is not intended for use by inexperienced users +to select TZ values by themselves (though they can of course examine +and reuse existing settings). Distributors should provide +documentation and/or a simple selection interface that explains the +names; see the 'tzselect' program supplied with this distribution for +one example. Names normally have the form AREA/LOCATION, where AREA is the name of a continent or ocean, and LOCATION is the name of a specific @@ -272,7 +295,7 @@ in decreasing order of importance: requires at least three characters for an abbreviation. POSIX.1-1996 says that an abbreviation cannot start with ':', and cannot contain ',', '-', - '+', NUL, or a digit. Draft 5 of POSIX 1003.1-200x + '+', NUL, or a digit. Draft 7 of POSIX 1003.1-200x changes this rule to say that an abbreviation can contain only '-', '+', and alphanumeric characters in the current locale. To be portable to both sets of @@ -397,8 +420,8 @@ Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.german Date: Tue, 9 Feb 1999 02:32:48 -800 Message-ID: <199902091032.CAA09644(a)netcom10.netcom.com> -The following is a(n incomplete) listing, arranged chronologically, of -European states, with the date they converted from the Julian to the +The following is a(n incomplete) listing, arranged chronologically, of +European states, with the date they converted from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar: 04/15 Oct 1582 - Italy (with exceptions), Spain, Portugal, Poland (Roman @@ -475,9 +498,9 @@ Gregorian calendar: 1760-1812 - Graub"unden -The Russian empire (including Finland and the Baltic states) did not +The Russian empire (including Finland and the Baltic states) did not convert to the Gregorian calendar until the Soviet revolution of 1917. -Source: H. Grotefend, _Taschenbuch der Zeitrechnung des deutschen -Mittelalters und der Neuzeit_, herausgegeben von Dr. O. Grotefend +Source: H. Grotefend, _Taschenbuch der Zeitrechnung des deutschen +Mittelalters und der Neuzeit_, herausgegeben von Dr. O. Grotefend (Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1941), pp. 26-28. =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/tz-art.htm,v retrieving revision 2001.3 retrieving revision 2001.3.0.1 diff -pu -r2001.3 -r2001.3.0.1 --- tz-art.htm 2001/06/05 17:49:55 2001.3 +++ tz-art.htm 2001/10/02 06:13:03 2001.3.0.1 @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Todd Strait, drums</td></tr> <tr><td>Notes</td><td>CD notes "additional lyric by Karrin Allyson; arranged by Russ Long and Karrin Allyson"</td></tr> <tr><td>ADO Rating</td><td>1 star</td></tr> -<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A1fdovw9ta92k">AMG Rating</a></td><td>4 stars</td></tr> +<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A1fdovw9ta92k">AMG Rating</a></td><td>4 stars</td></tr> <tr><td>Penguin Rating</td><td>3.5 stars</td></tr> <tr><td> </td></tr> <tr><td>Artist</td><td>Kevin Mahogany</td></tr> @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Ray Drummond, bass; Ralph Moore, tenor saxophone; Lewis Nash, drums</td></tr> <tr><td>ADO Rating</td><td>1.5 stars</td></tr> -<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=Akikbikzjbb19">AMG Rating</a></td><td>3 stars</td></tr> +<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=Akikbikzjbb19">AMG Rating</a></td><td>3 stars</td></tr> <tr><td>Penguin Rating</td><td>3 stars</td></tr> <tr><td> </td></tr> <tr><td>Artist</td><td>Joe Williams</td></tr> @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ The Robert Farnon [39 piece] Orchestra</ <tr><td>Notes</td><td>This CD is also available as part of a 3-CD package from Telarc, "Triple Play" (CD-83461)</td></tr> <tr><td>ADO Rating</td><td>black dot</td></tr> -<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=Amyyvad6kt8w1">AMG Rating</a></td><td>2 stars</td></tr> +<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=Amyyvad6kt8w1">AMG Rating</a></td><td>2 stars</td></tr> <tr><td>Penguin Rating</td><td>3 stars</td></tr> <tr><td> </td></tr> <tr><td>Artist</td><td>Charles Fambrough</td></tr> @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ Marion Simon, percussion</td></tr> <tr><td>Notes</td><td>On-line information and samples available at <a href="http://wwmusic.com/~music/audioq/rel/1033.html">http://wwmusic.com/~music/audioq/rel/1033.html</a></td></tr> <tr><td>ADO Rating</td><td>2 stars</td></tr> -<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A5rkcikcjbb89">AMG Rating</a></td><td>unrated</td></tr> +<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A5rkcikcjbb89">AMG Rating</a></td><td>unrated</td></tr> <tr><td>Penguin Rating</td><td>3 stars</td></tr> </table> <hr /> @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ David Piltch, string bass</td></tr> <tr><td>Notes</td><td>Lyrical reference to "Eastern Standard Time" in Tom Waits' "Purple Avenue"</td></tr> <tr><td>ADO Rating</td><td>2.5 stars</td></tr> -<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A3a9ds37ya3dg">AMG Rating</a></td><td>3 stars</td></tr> +<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A3a9ds37ya3dg">AMG Rating</a></td><td>3 stars</td></tr> <tr><td>Penguin Rating</td><td>unrated</td></tr> <tr><td> </td></tr> <tr><td>Artist</td><td>Milt Hinton</td></tr> @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ and Good Time Charlie On-line samples available at <a href="http://www.chiaroscurojazz.com/albuminfo.php3?albumid=49">http://www.chiaroscurojazz.com/albuminfo.php3?albumid=49</a></td></tr> <tr><td>ADO Rating</td><td>3 stars</td></tr> -<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A1cbyxdab8ola">AMG Rating</a></td><td>4.5 stars</td></tr> +<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A1cbyxdab8ola">AMG Rating</a></td><td>4.5 stars</td></tr> <tr><td>Penguin Rating</td><td>3 stars</td></tr> <tr><td> </td></tr> <tr><td>Artist</td><td>Alan Broadbent</td></tr> @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ Putter Smith, Bass; Frank Gibson, Jr., drums</td></tr> <tr><td>Notes</td><td>The CD cover features an analemma for equation-of-time fans</td></tr> <tr><td>ADO Rating</td><td>1 star</td></tr> -<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=Asl8zefuk8gfo">AMG Rating</a></td><td>4 stars</td></tr> +<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=Asl8zefuk8gfo">AMG Rating</a></td><td>4 stars</td></tr> <tr><td>Penguin Rating</td><td>3.5 stars</td></tr> <tr><td> </td></tr> <tr><td>Artist</td><td>Anthony Braxton/Richard Teitelbaum</td></tr> @@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ Leo Smith, trumpet and miscellaneous ins Leroy Jenkins, violin and miscellaneous instruments; Richard Teitelbaum, modular moog and micromoog synthesizer</td></tr> <tr><td>ADO Rating</td><td>black dot</td></tr> -<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A5bkvu3xjan1k">AMG Rating</a></td><td>unrated</td></tr> +<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A5bkvu3xjan1k">AMG Rating</a></td><td>unrated</td></tr> <tr><td> </td></tr> <tr><td>Artist</td><td>Jules Verne</td></tr> <tr><td>Book</td><td>Le Tour du Monde en Quatre-Vingts Jours =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/tz-link.htm,v retrieving revision 2001.3 retrieving revision 2001.3.0.2 diff -pu -r2001.3 -r2001.3.0.2 --- tz-link.htm 2001/06/05 17:48:21 2001.3 +++ tz-link.htm 2001/10/02 17:00:51 2001.3.0.2 @@ -40,12 +40,26 @@ including <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/">NetBSD</a>, <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/">OpenBSD</a>, <a href="http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/">DJGPP</a>, -<a href="http://unix.hp.com/operating/">HP-UX</a>, +<a href="http://www.hp.com/products1/unix/operating/index.html">HP-UX</a>, <a href="http://www.sgi.com/developers/technology/irix.html">IRIX</a>, -<a href="http://www.sco.com/products/openserver/">SCO OpenServer</a>, -<a href="http://www.sun.com/solaris/">Solaris</a>, -<a href="http://www.tru64unix.compaq.com/">Tru64</a>, and -<a href="http://www.sco.com/unixware/">UnixWare</a>.</p> +<a href="http://www.caldera.com/products/openunix/">Open UNIX</a>, +<a href="http://www.sun.com/solaris/">Solaris</a>, and +<a href="http://www.tru64unix.compaq.com/">Tru64</a>.</p> +<p> +Each location in the database represents a national region where all +clocks keeping local time have agreed since 1970. +Locations are identified by continent or ocean and then by the name of +the location, which is typically the largest city within the region. +For example, <code>America/New_York</code> +represents most of the US eastern time zone; +<code>America/Indianapolis</code> represents most of Indiana, which +uses eastern time without daylight saving time (DST); +<code>America/Detroit</code> represents most of Michigan, which uses +eastern time but with different DST rules in 1975; +and other entries represent smaller regions like Starke County, +Kentucky, which switched from central to eastern time in 1991. +To use the database, set the <code>TZ</code> environment variable to +the location's full name, e.g., <code>TZ="America/New_York"</code>.</p> <p> In the <code>tz</code> database's <a href="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/">FTP distribution</a>, @@ -53,19 +67,16 @@ the code is in the file <code>tzcode<var where <code><var>C</var></code> is the code's version; similarly, the data are in <code>tzdata<var>D</var>.tar.gz</code>, where <code><var>D</var></code> is the data's version. -The following shell commands use <a -href="http://www.gnu.org/software/wget/">GNU wget</a> to download +The following shell commands download these files to a GNU/Linux or similar host; see the downloaded <code>README</code> file for what to do next.</p> -<pre style="margin-left: 2em"><code>mkdir tz -cd tz -wget 'ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tz*.tar.gz' -gzip -dc tzcode*.tar.gz | tar -xf - +<pre style="margin-left: 2em"><code><a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/wget/">wget</a> 'ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tz*.tar.gz' +<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/gzip/">gzip</a> -dc tzcode*.tar.gz | <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/">tar</a> -xf - gzip -dc tzdata*.tar.gz | tar -xf - </code></pre> <p> The code lets you compile the <code>tz</code> source files into -machine-readable binary files, one for each location. It also lets +machine-readable binary files, one for each location. It also lets you read a <code>tz</code> binary file and interpret time stamps for that location.</p> <p> @@ -75,8 +86,7 @@ mailing list</a>. You can also <a href="mailto:tz-request@elsie.nci.nih.gov">subscribe</a> to the mailing list, or retrieve the <a href="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzarchive.gz">archive of old -messages</a> (in <a href="http://www.gzip.org/">gzip</a> compressed -format).</p> +messages</a> (in gzip compressed format).</p> <p> The Web has several other sources for time zone and daylight saving time data. Here are some recent links that may be of interest. @@ -86,8 +96,8 @@ Here are some recent links that may be o <li><a href="http://www.bsdi.com/date/">Date and Time Gateway</a> is a text-based point-and-click interface to tables of current time throughout the world.</li> -<li><a href="http://sandbox.xerox.com/stewart/tzconvert.cgi">CGI/1.0 -URL Timezone Converter</a> is a similar interface, with source code +<li><a href="http://sandbox.xerox.com/stewart/tzconvert.cgi">Timezone +Converter</a> is a similar interface, with source code written in <a href="http://www.perl.org/">Perl</a>, using what Paul Stewart calls the "20-line hack no one will let me forget".</li> <li>Fancier web interfaces, roughly in ascending order of complexity, include: @@ -108,7 +118,8 @@ is a web interface to a time zone databa </ul> <h2>Other <code>tz</code> compilers</h2> <ul> -<li><a href="http://www.karuna.freeserve.co.uk/vzic.tgz">Vzic</a> +<li><a href="http://primates.ximian.com/~damon/icalendar/">Olson -> +VTIMEZONE Converter</a> describes a program Vzic that compiles <code>tz</code> source into VTIMEZONE text as specified by the <a href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2445.txt">iCalendar</a> specification published by the <a @@ -165,10 +176,13 @@ is another time zone database.</li> contains data from the Time Service Department of the US Naval Observatory (USNO), used as the source for the <code>usno*</code> files in the <code>tz</code> distribution.</li> -<li>The <a href="http://www.iata.org/">International -Air Transport Association</a> -publishes the <a href="http://www.iata.org/sked/ssim.htm">Standard -Schedules Information Manual</a>, +<li><a href="http://www.airportcitycodes.com/aaa/">Airlines, Airplanes +and Airports</a> lists current standard times for thousands of +airports around the world. This seems to be derived from +the <a href="http://www.iata.org/sked/ssim.htm">Standard +Schedules Information Manual</a> of the +the <a href="http://www.iata.org/">International Air Transport +Association</a>, which gives current time zone rules for all the airports served by commercial aviation.</li> </ul> @@ -176,20 +190,19 @@ all the airports served by commercial av <ul> <li>The <a href="http://www.odci.gov/">United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)</a> publishes a <a -href="http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/reference/Low%20res%20PDF/low…">time +href="http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/ref/pdf/802801.pdf">time zone map</a>; the -<a href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/Libs/PCL/Map_collection/world_maps.html"> -Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection</a> +<a +href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world.html">Perry-Castañeda +Library Map Collection</a> of the University of Texas at Austin has copies of recent editions. The pictorial quality is good, but the maps do not indicate summer time, and parts of the data are a few years out of date.</li> -<li><a href="http://worldtimezone.com/">World timezones map with -current time</a> -has several fancy time zone maps; it covers Russia particularly well. -The maps' pictorial quality is not quite as good as the CIA's -but the maps are more up to date.</li> +<li><a href="http://wwg.lgg.ru/russia/timezone.html" +hreflang="ru">Map of Russian Federation time zones (in Russian)</a> +has a wealth of information about Russian time zones.</li> </ul> <h2>Time zone boundaries</h2> <ul> @@ -202,6 +215,9 @@ Time Zones</a> publishes the same data i <li>The US Geological Survey's National Atlas of the United States publishes the <a href="http://www.nationalatlas.gov/timeznm.html">Time Zones of the United States</a> in the public domain.</li> +<li>The National Weather Service publishes <a +href="http://isl715.nws.noaa.gov/mapdata/newcat/county/county_all.htm">outlines +of US counties and their time zones</a> in the public domain.</li> <li>The GeoCommunity lists several commercial sources for <a href="http://spatialnews.geocomm.com/features/timezones/">International Time Zones and Time Zone Data</a>.</li> @@ -226,6 +242,10 @@ time zone boundary.</li> href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html#more">Australia's Daylight Saving Times</a> contains pointers to government records and to histories of daylight saving.</dd> +<dt>Belgium</dt> +<dd>The Royal Observatory of Belgium maintains a table of <a +href="http://www.astro.oma.be/GENERAL/INFO/nli001a.html" +hreflang="nl">time in Belgium (in Dutch)</a>.</dd> <dt>Brazil</dt> <dd>The Time Service Department of the National Observatory records <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html" @@ -238,7 +258,7 @@ href="http://www.nrc.ca/inms/time/tze.ht Saving Time</a>.</dd> <dt>Germany</dt> <dd>The National Institute for Science and Technology maintains the <a -href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">Realisation of +href="http://www.ptb.de/en/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">Realisation of Legal Time in Germany</a>.</dd> <dt>Israel</dt> <dd>The Ministry of Interior periodically issues <a @@ -257,7 +277,10 @@ covers the history of local time in the <dd><a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/">History of legal time in Britain</a> is an excellent discussion for the country -with perhaps the best-documented history of clock adjustments.</dd> +with perhaps the best-documented history of clock adjustments. +The National Physical Laboratory also maintains an <a +href="http://www.npl.co.uk/npl/ctm/summer_time_archive.html">archive +of summer time dates</a>.</dd> </dl></li> </ul> <h2>Precision timekeeping</h2> @@ -266,7 +289,7 @@ with perhaps the best-documented history href="http://literature.agilent.com/litwebbin/purl.cgi?org_id=tmo&pub_id=5965…">The Science of Timekeeping</a> is an excellent and thorough introduction to the theory and practice of precision timekeeping.</li> -<li><a href="http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~ntp/">Time Server</a> discusses +<li><a href="http://www.ntp.org/">Time Server</a> discusses the Network Time Protocol (NTP), used to synchronize clocks of Internet hosts.</li> <li><a href="http://ecco.bsee.swin.edu.au/chronos/GMT-explained.html">A @@ -305,9 +328,9 @@ has plans to report on this proposal by <li> <a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html">A Summary of the International Standard Date and Time Notation</a> is a good -summary of <a href="http://www.iso.ch/markete/8601.pdf">ISO +summary of ISO 8601:1988 - Data elements and interchange formats - Information interchange -- Representation of dates and times</a> (which has been superseded by +- Representation of dates and times (which has been superseded by <a href="http://www.iso.ch/cate/d26780.html">ISO 8601:2000</a>).</li> <li> Section 3.3 of <a @@ -316,9 +339,19 @@ specifies the time notation used in emai href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2616.txt">HTTP</a> headers.</li> <li> <a -href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-impp-datetime-03.txt">Date +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-impp-datetime-04.txt">Date and Time on the Internet: Timestamps</a> proposes an ISO 8601 profile for use in new Internet protocols.</li> +<li> +Alphabetic time zone abbreviations should not be used as unique +identifiers for UTC offsets as they are ambiguous in practice. For +example, "EST" denotes 5 hours behind UTC in English-speaking North +America, but it denotes 10 or 11 hours ahead of UTC in Australia; +and French-speaking North Americans prefer "HNE" to "EST". For +compatibility with <a href="http://www.pasc.org/#POSIX">POSIX</a> the +<code>tz</code> database contains English abbreviations for all time +stamps but in many cases these are merely inventions of the database +maintainers.</li> </ul> <h2>Related indexes</h2> <ul> =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/zone.tab,v retrieving revision 2001.3 retrieving revision 2001.3.0.1 diff -pu -r2001.3 -r2001.3.0.1 --- zone.tab 2001/06/05 17:48:23 2001.3 +++ zone.tab 2001/10/02 06:13:03 2001.3.0.1 @@ -123,10 +123,10 @@ CK -2114-15946 Pacific/Rarotonga CL -3327-07040 America/Santiago most locations CL -2710-10927 Pacific/Easter Easter Island & Sala y Gomez CM +0403+00942 Africa/Douala -CN +4545+12641 Asia/Harbin north Manchuria -CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai China coast -CN +2934+10635 Asia/Chungking China mountains -CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Tibet & Xinjiang +CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai most eastern locations +CN +4545+12641 Asia/Harbin Heilongjiang +CN +2934+10635 Asia/Chongqing central China +CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Tibet & most of Xinjiang CN +3929+07559 Asia/Kashgar Eastern Turkestan CO +0436-07405 America/Bogota CR +0956-08405 America/Costa_Rica @@ -168,9 +168,10 @@ GE +4143+04449 Asia/Tbilisi GF +0456-05220 America/Cayenne GH +0533-00013 Africa/Accra GI +3608-00521 Europe/Gibraltar -GL +7030-02215 America/Scoresbysund east Greenland -GL +6411-05144 America/Godthab southwest Greenland -GL +7634-06847 America/Thule northwest Greenland +GL +6411-05144 America/Godthab most locations +GL +7646-01840 America/Danmarkshavn Danmarkshavn +GL +7030-02215 America/Scoresbysund Scoresbysund / Ittoqqortoormiit +GL +7634-06847 America/Thule Thule / Pituffik and environs GM +1328-01639 Africa/Banjul GN +0931-01343 Africa/Conakry GP +1614-06132 America/Guadeloupe @@ -239,7 +240,7 @@ ML +1446-00301 Africa/Timbuktu northeast MM +1647+09610 Asia/Rangoon MN +4755+10653 Asia/Ulaanbaatar most locations MN +4801+09139 Asia/Hovd Bayan-Olgiy, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan -#MN +4804+11430 Asia/Choibalsan Dornod, Sukhbaatar (unsure about this) +MN +4804+11430 Asia/Choibalsan Dornod, Sukhbaatar MO +2214+11335 Asia/Macao MP +1512+14545 Pacific/Saipan MQ +1436-06105 America/Martinique @@ -305,7 +306,8 @@ RU +5601+09250 Asia/Krasnoyarsk Moscow+0 RU +5216+10420 Asia/Irkutsk Moscow+05 - Lake Baikal RU +6200+12940 Asia/Yakutsk Moscow+06 - Lena River RU +4310+13156 Asia/Vladivostok Moscow+07 - Amur River -RU +5934+15048 Asia/Magadan Moscow+08 - Magadan & Sakhalin +RU +4658+14242 Asia/Sakhalin Moscow+07 - Sakhalin Island +RU +5934+15048 Asia/Magadan Moscow+08 - Magadan RU +5301+15839 Asia/Kamchatka Moscow+09 - Kamchatka RU +6445+17729 Asia/Anadyr Moscow+10 - Bering Sea RW -0157+03004 Africa/Kigali @@ -363,6 +365,7 @@ US +411745-0863730 America/Indiana/Knox US +384452-0850402 America/Indiana/Vevay Eastern Standard Time - Indiana - Switzerland County US +415100-0873900 America/Chicago Central Time US +450628-0873651 America/Menominee Central Time - Michigan - Wisconsin border +US +470659-1011757 America/North_Dakota/Center Central Time - North Dakota - Oliver County US +394421-1045903 America/Denver Mountain Time US +433649-1161209 America/Boise Mountain Time - south Idaho & east Oregon US +364708-1084111 America/Shiprock Mountain Time - Navajo

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RE: Additional Greenland time zone
by Jesper Nørgaard Sept. 29, 2001

Sept. 29, 2001

Actually, my speaking danish helped me to find another page which is more recent than Steffens page, and which mentions the time zone change in March 2001. Besides it is part of the web pages of the government in Greenland. But the information corresponds to Steffens information. Unfortunately it doesn't mention the GMT offset of each area. Greenland has been under Home Rule (sort of independence) but somewhat supported economically by the Danish Government during many years. Foreign policy has always been administered by the danish government, so that is why I am a bit puzzled that the 'europe' file says that Greenland left EU 1985-02-01, but they are still following EU time zone rules. There is still one representative from Greenland in the danish parliament (folketinget), which is elected at each danish election, thus coordinating the election dates of Denmark to be followed strictly in Greenland. On the page http://www.epr.gl/government/welcome.htm you can scroll down to the little sun which says "sommertid" and entering this goes to http://www.epr.gl/government/dk_pressrel/160301_sommertid.html which has the following text, with my translation in english: ========================== Sommertid starter ::Summer time starts Så nærmer tiden sig, hvor sommeren er tilbage og der skal skiftes fra vintertid til sommertid. :: Now the time approaches, when the summer is back and it is necessary to :: shift from winter time to summer time. Søndag den 25. marts, 2001, skal der skiftes til sommertid. Der skiftes officielt natten mellem lørdag og søndag. :: Sunday the 25.th. of March, 2001, it is necessary to shift to summer time. :: The official change happens the night between Saturday and Sunday. Det betyder, at Lørdag den 24. marts klokken 22.00 skal klokken stilles een time frem til klokken 23.00. :: This means that Saturday March 24 at 22:00 o'clock the time will be set one :: hour ahead to 23:00 o'clock. For Ittoqqortoormiit starter sommertiden Søndag den 25. marts klokken 00.00, hvor klokken stilles een time frem til klokken 01.00. :: For Ittoqqortoormiit the summer time starts Sunday March 25 at 0:00 o'clock, :: where the time will be set one hour ahead to 1:00 o'clock. For så vidt angår Danmarkshavn og forsvarsområdet ved Pituffik er der ikke indført sommertid. :: Concerning Danmarkshavn and the defense area at Pituffik there has not :: been implemented summer time. ========================== So the main changes are a new time zone Danmarkshavn with GMT+0 with no DST, and that the time zone America/Thule no longer uses summer time. As a personal comment, maybe the Pituffik air base (Thule) is internally using US daylight saving by the american personnel, while the local population nearby does not use summer time, as documented by the forementioned web pages. If that is the case, I don't know if we would make two different time zones for Thule ... but this is all highly speculative. Regards, Jesper Nørgaard Welen Email: jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx Programador/Analista CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Dirección: CIMMYT Int. c/o Jesper Nørgaard Km. 45, Carretera México-Veracruz El Batán Texcoco, Edo. de México CP 56130 MEXICO Tel.: +52 (5) 58-04-20-04 ext. 1374 Fax: +52 (5) 58-04-75-58 Tel. Casa: 53-10-05-95 ó 53-10-97-78 CIMMYT home page: http://cimmyt.cgiar.org Check out my free program World Time Explorer: http://www20.Brinkster.com/timezone50/index.htm http://members.theglobe.com/timezone50/index.htm ---------- From: Steffen Thorsen[SMTP:straenn@thorsen.priv.no] Sent: Miércoles 6 de Junio de 2001 15:01 To: Time Zone List Subject: Re: Additional Greenland time zone On Wed, 6 Jun 2001, Gwillim Law wrote: > Does anyone out there speak Norwegian or Danish? Most of your translations are correct already, but here goes... > Sommertiden begjynner den 24. mars 2001. Grønland har 4 lokale tider, og i relasjon til UTC gjelder følgende tidslinje: DST starts on 24 March 2001. Greenland has 4 different local times, and compared to UTC these are: > Forsvarsområdet ved Thule UTC-4 The military zone/area near Thule > Grønlandsk normaltid UTC-3 > Scoresby-sund UTC-1 > Danmarks-havn UTC > Danmark (Mellem-europæisk tid) UTC+1 > Sommertid innføres som følger: DST will be introduced as follows: > 1. Grønlandsk normaltid: Den 24. mars 2001 kl. 2200 stilles uret frem til kl. 2300. Greenland normal time: 24 March 2001 at 2200 the clock is turned forward to 2300 > 2. Scoresbysund: Den 25. mars 2001 kl. 0000 stilles uret frem til kl. 0100. Scoresbysund: 25 March 2001 at 0000 the clocks are turned forward to 0100 > 3. I forsvarsområdet ved Thule samt i Danmarkshavn innføres det ikke sommertid." In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be introduced. > What I make of this is: Greenland Summer time begins on 24 March 2001. Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC is according to the following time line: [the following five items are aligned horizontally] > Thule and environs [?] UTC-4 > Standard Greenland time UTC-3 > Scoresbysund UTC-1 > Danmarkshavn UTC > Denmark (Central European Time) UTC+1 > Summer time [...?] > 1. Standard Greenland time: on 24 March 2001 at 22:00 change the clock to 23:00 [?] > 2. Scoresbysund: on 25 March 2001 at 00:00 change the clock to 01:00 > 3. In the environs of Thule together with Danmarkshavn [...?]." > > Here's an excerpt from another page <http://www.gh.gl/kn/news/govern/ukiunalun.htm>, probably in Danish: > > "Vintertid fra på søndag den 31. oktober > Uret stilles en time tilbage > Natten mellem lørdag og søndag den 31. oktober 1999 slutter sommertiden. Der skiftes officielt lørdag den 30. oktober 1999 kl. 23:00. Det betyder, at vi kl. 23:00 stiller klokken en time tilbage til kl. 22:00. > For Ittoqqortoormiit slutter sommertiden søndag den 31. oktober 1999 kl. 01:00, hvor klokken stilles een time tilbage til kl. 00:00. > For Danmarkshavn og i forsvarsområdet i Pituffik er der ikke indført sommertid/vintertid." > > It looks as if this means that in most of Greenland, the clock turned back from 30 October 1999 23:00 to 22:00. In Ittoqqortoormiit (= Scoresbysund), it went from 31 October 1999 01:00 to 00:00. In Danmarkshavn and Pituffik (= Thule), something else happened, but I can't tell what. The last line is: In Danmarkshavn and the military zone/area in Pituffik DST is not observed (i.e. there is no change on 31 October). -- Steffen Thorsen <steffen(a)thorsen.priv.no> <steffent(a)pvv.ntnu.no> http://www.thorsen.priv.no

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Fernando do Noronha
by Jesper Nørgaard Sept. 29, 2001

Sept. 29, 2001

I have one doubt about the time zone decree in Brazil. How will Pernambuco handle Fernando do Noronha? The little island was on GMT-2 without DST while it's administrative big brother Pernambuco state was on GMT-3. Since Pernambuco state is now on GMT-3 with DST, it would be logical to presume that Fernando do Noronha would be going on GMT-2 with DST, but time zone decisions are not always logical in that sense. Maybe they will just stay on GMT-2 without DST on Fernando do Noronha. Any information about this would be appreciated. Regards, Jesper Nørgaard Welen Email: jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx Project Leader (Líder de Proyecto) Software CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Dirección: CIMMYT Int. c/o Jesper Nørgaard Km. 45, Carretera México-Veracruz El Batán Texcoco, Edo. de México CP 56130 MEXICO Tel.: +52 (5) 58-04-20-04 ext. 1374 Fax: +52 (5) 58-04-75-58 Tel. Casa: 53-10-05-95 ó 53-10-97-78 CIMMYT home page: http://cimmyt.cgiar.org Check out my free program World Time Explorer: http://www20.Brinkster.com/timezone50/index.htm http://tz.freewebsites.com/index.htm

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DST in Brazil
by Jesper Nørgaard Sept. 28, 2001

Sept. 28, 2001

=== Quote Begin ========================================== From: Rives McDow <rmcdow(a)enteles.com> Date: Wed, 19 Sep 2001 14:31:53 -0700 To: elsie <tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov> Subject: Brazil The Brazilian government issued a new decree, No. 3,916, on 9/13/01 announcing this season's dst. The dates are 10/14/01 to 2/17/02. Some states not previously observing dst, notably Alagoas, Ceare, Maranhao, Paraiba, Piaui, Rio Grande do Norte, and Sergipe, will observe dst this year. === Quote End ========================================== It seems that Pernambuco is also a newcomer to the states using DST, which with the above list will mean 8 states will be adopting DST again (?). As far as I remember they have all been on DST before. Regards, Jesper Nørgaard Welen Email: jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx Project Leader (Líder de Proyecto) Software CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Dirección: CIMMYT Int. c/o Jesper Nørgaard Km. 45, Carretera México-Veracruz El Batán Texcoco, Edo. de México CP 56130 MEXICO Tel.: +52 (5) 58-04-20-04 ext. 1374 Fax: +52 (5) 58-04-75-58 Tel. Casa: 53-10-05-95 ó 53-10-97-78 CIMMYT home page: http://cimmyt.cgiar.org Check out my free program World Time Explorer: http://www20.Brinkster.com/timezone50/index.htm http://tz.freewebsites.com/index.htm

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FW: Brazil
by Olson, Arthur David (NCI) Sept. 27, 2001

Sept. 27, 2001

-----Original Message----- From: Rives McDow [mailto:rmcdow@enteles.com] Sent: Wednesday, September 26, 2001 11:44 AM To: Paul Eggert; Olson, Arthur David (NCI) Subject: FW: Brazil Dear Paul and Arthur, I sent this to the list on the 19th and it didn't show up. It possibly may have been my server, as I just tried to send it again to Paul, and it bounced back. Rives ---------- From: Rives McDow <rmcdow(a)enteles.com> Date: Wed, 19 Sep 2001 14:31:53 -0700 To: elsie <tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov> Subject: Brazil The Brazilian government issued a new decree, No. 3,916, on 9/13/01 announcing this season's dst. The dates are 10/14/01 to 2/17/02. Some states not previously observing dst, notably Alagoas, Ceare, Maranhao, Paraiba, Piaui, Rio Grande do Norte, and Sergipe, will observe dst this year. More detailed information is available on Brazil's government site at: www.presidencia.gov.br under the link Legislaçåo, then Decretos, then 2001, then go to the link for decree 3,916 to read the decree (in Portugese). Rives

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Re: Corrections of zone.tab for CN entries
by yaoz＠vidar.niaaa.nih.gov Sept. 24, 2001

Sept. 24, 2001

> From eggert(a)twinsun.com Mon Sep 24 13:53:11 2001 > > > Date: Mon, 24 Sep 2001 00:25:08 -0400 (EDT) > > From: <yaoz(a)vidar.niaaa.nih.gov> > > > > 1. City names are in old form. Now there is a standard way (pinyin) > > to write it and it should be used; > > The tz database uses the most common spelling in ordinary English. > For example, it uses "Rome", even though "Roma" is the correct Italian > name. When I first added those entries, the pinyin method was not the > most common spelling in English, and my impression is that "Chungking" > and "Kashgar" are still quite commonly used in English, so it's not > entirely clear to me that the time is right to switch to pinyin. > (If I'm incorrect about this, please let me know.) I think "Kashgar" or "Kaxgar" is still widely used but "Chungking" is not. (I was born in "Chongqing", and have never seen people spell it like "Chungking" these days, maybe I can find that spelling in historical books). It seems to me modern English dictionaries published in US have switched to pinyin already. > However, I think it's quite reasonable to support both spellings, and > so I'll add aliases for the pinyin spellings in my next proposed patch. That is better. > > 2. Comments are not quite right. This may due to the historic > > reasons. Because of these problems, when users in China are > > presented a form to pick a time zone, they are very confused. > > How about if we make the following change for now? > > CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai most locations > CN +4545+12641 Asia/Harbin Heilongjiang > CN +2934+10635 Asia/Chungking China mountains > CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Tibet & most of Xinjiang > CN +3929+07559 Asia/Kashgar Eastern Turkestan The way I submitted to you is following examples of US. That is "time - state (province)". My comments for above are: a. Urumqi is in Xinjiang so it maybe better say "Xinjiang & Tibet". b. Kashgar is also in Xinjiang and there is no such region as "Eastern Turkestan". That region is commonly call "Southern Xinjiang". It seems to me those entries exists because historically, they are in different time zones (as you specified in "asia" file). But I've seen Linux users in China wondering "Why Shanghai, Harbin, etc. are picked up but not Beijing or my city? We always refer to the standard time as 'Beijing Time' after all.". > I'm not sure about using the label "Beijing Time" for all of these > locations. (Don't people say "China time" more often than "Beijing > Time"?) Ideally the five entries would clearly delineate the > boundaries between the five regions of China that have different time > zone histories, but I don't have that information to hand right now. On TV, radio, it is always saying "It is now 20' clock Beijing Time." I haven't heard of "China time" before. BTW, your 'asia' data file is really interesting. I've learned a lot from it. I've never realized that China has used different time zones before. That is why I often get confused when I was travelling in US at first. Now I get used to it, I maybe as well get confused again when I travels back in China. For example, I may end up have to get up at 7am in Shanghai, and get up at 11am in Xinjiang. In 'asia', you are saying before 1980, there are still 5 timezones in China. That doesn't seems to be the case to my experience. My family lived in Chongqing, Shanghai since 60s. I don't recall any time zone change. Let me do some research later. I have a Chinese Encyclopedia CD somewhere. I hope I can find more info on this topic. Thank you very much for your reply. Best regards, Yao Zhang

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FW: Corrections of zone.tab for CN entries
by Olson, Arthur David (NCI) Sept. 24, 2001

Sept. 24, 2001

Yao Zhang is not on the time zone mailing list; direct replies appropriately. --ado -----Original Message----- From: yaoz(a)vidar.niaaa.nih.gov [mailto:yaoz@vidar.niaaa.nih.gov] Sent: Monday, September 24, 2001 12:25 AM To: tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov Subject: Corrections of zone.tab for CN entries Hi, Thanks for the effort to maintain the tz packages. Recently, I've seen people complain that in file zone.tab, entries regarding China (CN) are not right. They are: CN +4545+12641 Asia/Harbin north Manchuria CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai China coast CN +2934+10635 Asia/Chungking China mountains CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Tibet & Xinjiang CN +3929+07559 Asia/Kashgar Eastern Turkestan There are several problems: 1. City names are in old form. Now there is a standard way (pinyin) to write it and it should be used; 2. Comments are not quite right. This may due to the historic reasons. Because of these problems, when users in China are presented a form to pick a time zone, they are very confused. To correct this, the first thing should be noted is that there is only ONE timezone in China. This is well documentd in file asia. Second, to reflect the current practice, zone.tab may be modified as: CN +4545+12641 Asia/Harbin Beijing Time - Heilongjiang CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai Beijing Time CN +2934+10635 Asia/Chongqing Beijing Time - Sichuan CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Beijing Time - Xinjiang CN +3929+07559 Asia/Kashi Beijing Time - Xinjiang Or just one Beijin Time entry. But I really don't know how zone.tab and asia files are related to each other. So the above changes should only be a reference. Best regards, Yao Zhang

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why?
by SLLFunk＠aol.com Sept. 24, 2001

Sept. 24, 2001

To Whom it may concern: Every year I dread daylight savings time. I understand why this started many years ago but I do not understand why it continues. Everyone I talk to makes the same comments. We would all prefer it to stay light outside later at night and no one minds it being dark in the morning. I think we should eliminate daylight savings time and if we are going to change the clocks at all we should turn them ahead in the fall and back in the spring. It is backwards now! If you are not the correct person to email about this can you please forward this email to that person or send me their email? If this is determined by each individual state, I would be concerned with CT and NY. I would like to start a petition to change this practice and I need to know how many names would be considered significant, if they can be from different states across the country and where to send it. Thank you, Stefanie

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Time zone files
by Warnock, Vance (CRTUSW) Sept. 20, 2001

Sept. 20, 2001

I was wondering if you had discontinued the posting of the timezone files in the /pub directory on the ftp site. I seem to be locked out of the site. Vance Warnock Concert Data Warehouse 719-457-6856 Ph 719-457-6899 Fax 601-6856 CVNS

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Brazil
by Rives McDow Sept. 19, 2001

Sept. 19, 2001

The Brazilian government issued a new decree, No. 3,916, on 9/13/01 announcing this season's dst. The dates are 10/14/01 to 2/17/02. Some states not previously observing dst, notably Alagoas, Ceare, Maranhao, Paraiba, Piaui, Rio Grande do Norte, and Sergipe, will observe dst this year. More detailed information is available on Brazil's government site at: www.presidencia.gov.br under the link Legislaçåo, then Decretos, then 2001, then go to the link for decree 3,916 to read the decree (in Portugese). Rives

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Congrees will decide DST in Mexico
by Jesper Nørgaard Sept. 6, 2001

Sept. 6, 2001

Just yesterday I tripped over an article in the mexican newspaper Reforma (web version) that the court case about who have authority about summer time has been settled. The case was set forward on March 6 by the Capital Chief of Government Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) stating that these matters fall outside the authority of the mexican president Vicente Fox. Fox sent a counter case April 5 2001 to nullify the initiatives of AMLO. The decision yesterday apparently settles both cases. The link in spanish I found is http://www.reforma.com.mx/nacional/articulo/122976 The unanimous conclusion by the 10 judges of the Supreme Court of Mexico was that these matters must be settled under the authority of the Congress, not by the president of the republic or by local authorities (like AMLO). You might consider this somewhat a technical draw between president Fox and Capital Government Chief AMLO, but this didn't stop AMLO from celebrating the decision and cheering that this puts a stop on Fox' seizing of power in matters that should be settled by the mexican Congress. We will have to wait and see what Congress decides in these matters, for instance if the stipulated leaving DST Last Sunday of September still stands or not, and if exceptions in different states will be allowed (such as Sonora and Baja California Norte). I am sure this is only the beginning of hefty debates in mexican Congress about the time zone matters. I will return with more material if I found some, about how this case develops. Regards, Jesper Nørgaard Welen 2001-09-06 Jesper Nørgaard Welen Email: jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx Project Leader (Líder de Proyecto) Software CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Dirección: CIMMYT Int. c/o Jesper Nørgaard Km. 45, Carretera México-Veracruz El Batán Texcoco, Edo. de México CP 56130 MEXICO Tel.: +52 (5) 58-04-20-04 ext. 1374 Fax: +52 (5) 58-04-75-58 Tel. Casa: 53-10-05-95 ó 53-10-97-78 CIMMYT home page: http://cimmyt.cgiar.org Check out my free program World Time Explorer: http://www20.Brinkster.com/timezone50/index.htm http://tz.freewebsites.com/index.htm

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RTRS-Supreme Court kills Mexico City's daylight savings
by Scott Harrington Sept. 5, 2001

Sept. 5, 2001

MEXICO CITY, Sept 4 (Reuters) - Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation next year. The high court ruled President Vicente Fox usurped powers from Congress when he decreed Mexicans' clocks had to move ahead an hour on May 1. But because the challenge to the decree was filed only by Mexico City's government, the Supreme Court's ruling only applies to the capital's Federal District, home to over 9 million and part of a greater urban sprawl of some 18 million. The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00 a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said. Nevertheless, if Congress does not reenact daylight savings in the capital, or if it is not scrapped in the rest of the country, Mexico City might find itself in its own time zone next Spring when clocks change anew. Mexico adopted the time change in 1996, in order to save electricity and to put the country in tune with its northern neighbor and biggest trading partner, the United States. But daylight savings has never been popular here. Many argue it forces children to walk to school in the dark. In congressional debates last year, one legislator even argued that the clock change inhibited morning sex. ((Mexico City newsroom +525 282 7153 mexicocity.newsroom(a)reuters.com)) Wednesday, 5 September 2001 00:13:13 RTRS [nN04205687]

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Congress will decide DST in Mexico
by Jesper Nørgaard Sept. 5, 2001

Sept. 5, 2001

Just today I tripped over an article in the mexican newspaper Reforma (web version) that the court case about who have authority about summer time has been settled. The case was set forward on March 6 by the Capital Chief of Government Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) stating that these matters fall outside the authority of the mexican president Vicente Fox. Fox sent a counter case April 5 2001 to nullify the initiatives of AMLO. The decision yesterday apparently settles both cases. The link in spanish I found is http://www.reforma.com.mx/nacional/articulo/122976 The unanimous conclusion by the 10 judges of the Supreme Court of Mexico was that these matters must be settled under the authority of the Congress, not by the president of the republic or by local authorities (like AMLO). You might consider this somewhat a technical draw between president Fox and Capital Government Chief AMLO, but this didn't stop AMLO from celebrating the decision and cheering that this puts a stop on Fox' seizing of power in matters that should be settled by the mexican Congress. We will have to wait and see what Congress decides in these matters, for instance if the stipulated leaving DST Last Sunday of September still stands or not, and if exceptions in different states will be allowed (such as Sonora and Baja California Norte). I am sure this is only the beginning of hefty debates in mexican Congress about the time zone matters. I will return with more material if I found some, about how this case develops. Regards, Jesper Nørgaard Welen 2001-09-05 Jesper Nørgaard Welen Email: jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx Project Leader (Líder de Proyecto) Software CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Dirección: CIMMYT Int. c/o Jesper Nørgaard Km. 45, Carretera México-Veracruz El Batán Texcoco, Edo. de México CP 56130 MEXICO Tel.: +52 (5) 58-04-20-04 ext. 1374 Fax: +52 (5) 58-04-75-58 Tel. Casa: 53-10-05-95 ó 53-10-97-78 CIMMYT home page: http://cimmyt.cgiar.org Check out my free program World Time Explorer: http://www20.Brinkster.com/timezone50/index.htm http://tz.freewebsites.com/index.htm

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IERS Message No. 14: Fall AGU/Special Session
by central_bureau＠iers.org Aug. 30, 2001

Aug. 30, 2001

*************************************************************************** IERS Message No. 14 August 30, 2001 *************************************************************************** Fall AGU/Special Session: Interaction between the Solid Earth and its Fluid Envelope: Insights via Earth Rotation and Mass Redistribution Studies Dear Colleagues: We are convening a special session ( G05: Interaction between the Solid Earth and its Fluid Envelope: Insights via Earth Rotation and Mass Redistribution Studies ) at the Fall 2001 AGU meeting, December 10-14 in San Francisco, as described below. We are soliciting papers on these topics. Please submit your abstract according to the instructions in the AGU website http://www.agu.org and send me a courtesy copy. The deadlines for abstract are August 31 for mail and September 6 for on-line submittals. AGU allows only one first author contributing paper. Your AGU membership number (or that of a sponsor) and payment of abstract fee ($50 for credit card and $60 for check) are required. Thank you for your consideration. Regards, Jean Dr. Jean O. Dickey Principal Member of the Technical Staff Supervisor, Space Geodetic Science & Applications Group Jet Propulsion Laboratory/Caltech Mail Stop 238-332 4800 Oak Grove Dr. Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 Office: +1 818-354-3235 Fax: 818-393-6890 E-mail: jean.o.dickey(a)jpl.nasa.gov G05: Interaction between the Solid Earth and its Fluid Envelope: Insights via Earth Rotation and Mass Redistribution Studies ---------------------------------------------------------------- **** Joint with H (hydrology) A (atmospheres) OS (ocean sciences) T (tectonophysics) SIP (snow, ice, permafrost) GP (geomagnetism) DI (study of the Earth's Deep Interior) Index terms: 1241 Rotational variations (geodesy) 1223 Ocean/Earth/atmosphere interactions (geodesy) 1213 Earth's interior-dynamics (geodesy) 3300 Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics 1655 Water cycles (global change & hydrology) Jean O. Dickey, Olivier de Viron, Geoffrey Blewitt, and Benjamin F. Chao The Earth is a dynamic system: it has a fluid, mobile atmosphere and oceans, a continually changing distribution of ice, snow, and groundwater, a fluid core undergoing hydromagnetic motion, a mantle undergoing both thermal convection and rebound from glacial loading of the last ice age, and mobile tectonic plates. Both the moment of inertia changes and the motion affect a number of global geodynamical quantities, including Universal Time, length-of-day, polar motion, and nutation (collectively referred to as Earth Rotation or Earth Orientation). Highly accurate observations of Earth Orientation provide a unique and truly global measure of natural and man-made changes in the atmosphere, oceans, and interior of the Earth on a broad variety of timescales; in addition, mass redistribution within the Earth produces variations in the Earth's gravitational field (including geocenter) which can thus be used to better understand the processes that move mass within the Earth, and on and above its surface. This session will address the implications of Earth orientation variations, and mass redistribution (including geocenter, loading, and time variable gravity), particularly as they apply to the solid Earth, ocean and hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere and the interactions between the various components of the Earth system. We welcome presentations on prospects for improving our knowledge of mass redistribution from space missions including GRACE (scheduled to launch in November 2001), and presentations providing interdisciplinary insight on what such measurements might imply for our understanding of the water cycle, interactions between Earth's various spheres, and global climate change. We encourage contributions on the latest models from the areas of mass redistribution, including polar snow and ice models, continental-scale hydrology, and models of mass transport in the oceans and atmosphere. Convenors: Jean O. Dickey Mail-stop 238-331, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Oak Grove Drive, 4800, 91108 Pasadena, CA.; e- mail: jean.o.dickey(a)jpl.nasa.gov; phone: 818-354- 3235; fax: 818-393-6890 Olivier de Viron Royal Observatory of Belgium, 3 Avenue Circulaire. B-1180 Brussels, Belgium; email: o.deviron(a)oma.be; phone: +32 2 373 03 12; fax: +32 2 374 98 22 Geoffrey Blewitt University of Nevada, Reno Mail Stop 178 Reno Nevada 89557 Tel: 775-784-6691 x171 Fax: 775-784-1709 Email: gblewitt(a)unr.edu Benjamin F. Chao Space Geodesy Branch, Code 926 NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland 20771 Tel: 302-614-6104 Fax: 301-614-6099 Email: chao(a)bowie.gsfc.nasa.gov *************************************************************************** IERS Messages are edited and ditributed by the IERS Central Bureau. To subscribe or unsubscribe, please write to <central_bureau(a)iers.org>. Archives: http://www.iers.org/iers/publications/messages/ ***************************************************************************

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THE END of the first unix gigasecond IS NEAR
by Scott Harrington Aug. 29, 2001

Aug. 29, 2001

Is anyone concerned about the rollover of time_t from 9 digits to 10? This is happening at 2001-09-09 01:46:40 GMT, which is next Saturday night, or evening in the US. Check your code for S1G bugs, such as ordering timestamps using textual rather than numeric comparisons, or assuming that time_t columns require no more than 9 characters. I have set an alarm but I plan to celebrate the dawn of the new gigasecond quietly. I once made the mistake of alerting my (non-geek) friends that a leap second had just occurred ...

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DST stories: Melbourne Shrine of Remembrance
by Scott Harrington Aug. 29, 2001

Aug. 29, 2001

On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located in Melbourne, Australia. Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, you will indeed see the sunbeam illiminate the special spot at the expected time. However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html [2] http://www.shrine.org.au

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THE END of the first unix gigasecond IS NEAR
by Scott Harrington Aug. 29, 2001

Aug. 29, 2001

Is anyone concerned about the rollover of time_t from 9 digits to 10? This is happening at 2001-09-09 01:46:40 GMT, which is next Saturday night, or evening in the US. Check your code for S1G bugs, such as ordering timestamps using textual rather than numeric comparisons, or assuming that time_t columns require no more than 9 characters. I have set an alarm but I plan to celebrate the dawn of the new gigasecond quietly. I once made the mistake of alerting my (non-geek) friends that a leap second had just occurred ...

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DST stories: Melbourne Shrine of Remembrance
by Scott Harrington Aug. 29, 2001

Aug. 29, 2001

On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program tonight I heard an interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located in Melbourne, Australia. Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, you will indeed see the sunbeam illiminate the special spot at the expected time. However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. If anyone who reads this in time is interested, the KQED broadcast (which was actually first broadcast back in April) will repeat at 2001-08-29 02:00 PDT, or 09:00 GMT, although the Melbourne story was in the last quarter hour of the lecture, i.e. 09:45-10:00Z. If you're not in San Francisco, you can listen on the web[3]. [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html [2] http://www.shrine.org.au [3] http://www.kqed.org

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RE: Russian cities
by Jesper Nørgaard Aug. 26, 2001

Aug. 26, 2001

There is yet another discrepancy between the list http://www.mark-itt.ru/Collection/Russia/tz_rus.html and the link http://wwg.lgg.ru/russia/reg65.html that the first list has Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk on GMT+11 while the second link from Anton Star has Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk on GMT+10. I have decided to trust the Anton Star list because it is very well built with a lot of details about many other issues of regional information, and all of those informations that I was able to cross-check came out true and correct (for instance population counters or flags of oblast's) and besides as Oscar points out some other information about Tajikistan etc. are apparently not correct on the first list. Regards, Jesper Nørgaard Welen Email: jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx Project Leader (Líder de Proyecto) Software CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Dirección: CIMMYT Int. c/o Jesper Nørgaard Km. 45, Carretera México-Veracruz El Batán Texcoco, Edo. de México CP 56130 MEXICO Tel.: +52 (5) 58-04-20-04 ext. 1374 Fax: +52 (5) 58-04-75-58 Tel. Casa: 53-10-05-95 ó 53-10-97-78 CIMMYT home page: http://cimmyt.cgiar.org Check out my free program World Time Explorer: http://www20.Brinkster.com/timezone50/index.htm http://home.grafitti.net/timezone50/index.htm ---------- From: Oscar van Vlijmen[SMTP:o.van.vlijmen@tip.nl] Sent: Domingo 26 de Agosto de 2001 9:01 To: TZ-list Subject: Re: Russian cities >From Paul Eggert: > Also, the two maps disagree about > Ul'yanovskaya oblast' <http://wwg.lgg.ru/russia/reg73.html>, > Altajskij kraj <http://wwg.lgg.ru/russia/reg22.html>, > and Respublika Altaj <http://wwg.lgg.ru/russia/reg04.html>. > Worldtimezone.com says the first is at UTC+4 and the other > two at UTC+7; LGG.ru says UTC+3 and UTC+6 respectively. In my email dated 2001-06-13 a couple of Russian language timezone lists are mentioned. These lists say: * Ul'yanovsk, in the Ul'yanovskaya oblast' - timezone Moswow + 1 (UTC+4 in winter) * Barnaul, in the Altajskij kraj - timezone Moscow +4 (UTC+7 in winter) * Gorno-Altaijsk, in the Respublika Altaj - timezone Moscow +4 (UTC+7 in winter) Worldtimezone.com gives the same information. See for one of those lists e.g. http://www.mark-itt.ru/Collection/Russia/tz_rus.html By the way, these lists say Azerbajdzhan, Kazakhstan, Tadzhikistan, Turkmeniya and Uzbekistan don't do DST. But, worldtimeserver.com says Azerbajdzhan and Kazakhstan (3 zones) do obey DST, while Tadzhikistan, Turkmeniya and Uzbekistan do not, which is the same information the tz-database gives. There is another discrepancy between lgg.ru and worldtimezone.com. According to lgg.ru the Arkhangel'skaya oblast' consists of the mainland part, the island Novaya Zemlya and the islet Kolguyev, all within the same timezone as Moscow. Worldtimezone however puts Kolguyev in the Moscow zone and Novaya Zemlya in the Moscow+1 zone. Hmmm, it's very difficult to get some definitive answers! Regards, Oscar van Vlijmen 2001-08-26

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Russian cities
by Jesper Nørgaard Aug. 26, 2001

Aug. 26, 2001

Hi, tz gurus. I am trying to figure out what time it is in the following russian cities: Balakovo, Engels, Saratov, Kamyshin, Volgograd, Volzhsky and Astrakhan. In "Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data" page http://www.twinsun.com/tz/tz-link.htm there are several maps mentioned which I examined. The CIA map (low802700.pdf) has these cities as being GMT+5. It even has the area sorounding Samara so small that I wonder if Ulyanovsk and Syzran are on GMT+4 or they are really on GMT+5. Manifolds net GPL-licenced map, seems to indicate one single time zone which both includes Samara and the above cities, suggesting that they should all be on GMT+4. I checked also the "World Timezones Map with current times" which is said to cover Russia particularly well (http://worldtimezone.com) and was made by a russian. This map has the most of these cities on GMT+3 which is what I have been sticking to until now. Recently Gwillim Law mentioned the page http://www.hammondmap.com/timezone/maintz.html which has a map where all these cities seem to be on GMT+4. Is there anybody on the tz mailing list that has more authoritative information? The question is if these cities are on GMT+3 (as I now have it), on GMT+4 or on GMT+5. The additional question is what time Ulyanovsk and Syzran are on. Of course, if you have my program World Time Explorer installed, you can check out on it's map the area I am talking about. Regards, Jesper Nørgaard Welen Email: jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx Programador/Analista CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Dirección: CIMMYT Int. c/o Jesper Nørgaard Km. 45, Carretera México-Veracruz El Batán Texcoco, Edo. de México CP 56130 MEXICO Tel.: +52 (5) 58-04-20-04 ext. 1374 Fax: +52 (5) 58-04-75-58 Tel. Casa: 53-10-05-95 ó 53-10-97-78 CIMMYT home page: http://cimmyt.cgiar.org Check out my free program World Time Explorer: http://www20.Brinkster.com/timezone50/index.htm http://members.theglobe.com/timezone50/index.htm

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