- tz - lists.iana.org

History of the IDL
by R.H. van Gent March 29, 2001

March 29, 2001

Hi all, I am new to this group and I would like to enlist your aid in correcting and augmenting my web site under construction on the history of the International Date Line at: http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm I am still adding new material and illustrations to my web site and any comments or suggestions for improvement will be very much appreciated. List members who can read Dutch may also be interested in my web site on the history of legal time in the Netherlands at: http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm which includes an overview of all relevant sources that I have been able to trace with tables for the Daylight Saving period from 1916 to the present (and even further). Regards, ======================================================== * Robert H. van Gent * Tel/Fax: 00-31-30-2720269 * * Zaagmolenkade 50 * * * 3515 AE Utrecht * E-mail: r.h.vangent(a)astro.uu.nl * * The Netherlands * * ******************************************************** * Home page: http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/homepage.htm * ========================================================

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Regional Time Zone:Daylight Savings Time/set clocks ahead 1 hour 3/30/02
by mellowf84＠aol.com March 29, 2001

March 29, 2001

Dear Sirs: I have a new computer which used to be in a different time zone area, I am in upstate NY and am concerned about re-setting my computer properly. I have a Compaq/Windows 98 and cannot figure it out. My time is incorrect. Any advise you could give me would be greatly appreciated. thanks, my e-mail is OldSkool606 @ aol.com thanks again.

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Solaris patched to avoid "ROC" time zone name for political reasons
by Paul Eggert March 29, 2001

March 29, 2001

On Tuesday, Sun released patch 111099-01 for Solaris 8 (x86) entitled "ROC timezone should be avoided for political reasons". This patch creates the zone Asia/Taipei (which is normally not installed in Solaris) and then creates ROC as a link. The patch does not include the source code (in this case, the 'asia' file) so unfortunately I can't report Sun's comments (if any) about the situation. (If Sun were selling to North Korea, I guess "ROK" would be next to go. :-)

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daylight savings time
by YKCA＠aol.com March 29, 2001

March 29, 2001

i live in new york city. on what day,on what date and time does daylight savings time go into effect??? thankyou murray n ackerman

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hi
by WildFlower12257＠aol.com March 27, 2001

March 27, 2001

what time is it in florida

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IERS Message No. 7
by central_bureau＠iers.org March 27, 2001

March 27, 2001

*************************************************************************** IERS Message No. 7 March 27, 2001 *************************************************************************** ITRF Report 4 on local ties Report on local tie problems in colocation sites as result from ITRF2000 Analysis Zuheir Altamimi IERS ITRS Product Center Institut Geographique National, France Date: March 22, 2001 The importance of local ties in space geodetic colocation sites is no longer to be demonstrated. Their impact on the ITRF solutions is very critical since they represent the key element of ITRF combination. Based on ITRF2000 residual analysis, the current situation of local ties is summarized in the following two tables: Table 1: Missing Local Ties: Sites where local ties between some or all points are missing (information is not available at IERS ITRS Product Center). Table 2: Dubious local ties: Sites where local tie estimates differ from Space Geodesy estimates. The current local ties collected by the ITRS-PC since more than 10 years come from heterogeneous sources and do not always contain quality (precision) information, necessary for rigorous ITRF combination. These local ties are used in ITRF combinations as observations with proper variances. In case where these variances are not available, they are computed using a geodetic formula given in ITRF publications. Note that a dubious local tie is declared as such if its ITRF2000 post fit residuaul is larger than or equal to 1 cm. This threshold of 1 cm is the minimum requirement for a global frame aimed to be good to at least 1 ppb level (6 mm over the Earth's surface). Therefore the ITRF2000 residual analysis is a tool to assess their quality or their level of agreement with Space Geodesy estimates. Dubious local ties are due to at least one of the following reasons: - They are imprecise - They are in error - Space Geodesy estimate is imprecise - Space Geodesy estimate is in error Each one of these two tables is sorted in two categories, according to their importance for ITRF: ***: Highly Important Sites, given their geographic location and/or quality of their geodetic instruments. These critical sites are mostly those where local ties between points observed by at least two different techniques are not available (Table 1), respectively dubious (Table 2). This is the case for example of: - Wuhan (China) where the local tie between the SLR and GPS points is not available. - Fairbanks (ALASKA) where the local tie between the VLBI and GPS points is dubious. * : Very Important Sites, given the quality of their geodetic instruments. These sites are those where SOME local ties are not available (resp. dubious). This is the case for example of: - Tromso (Norway) where the new GPS point is not connected to VLBI, SLR, DORIS or the old GPS points. - Wettzell (Germany) where the local tie connecting the SLR point 8834 (S018) is dubious. In order to remedy this situation, it is recommended to initiate efforts starting with Highly important sites. A useful information (per-site residual summary and plots) highlighting the quality of local ties in ITRF2000 colocation sites is available on the web at: http://lareg.ensg.ign.fr/ITRF/ITRF2000/valsit.html Table 1: Missing Local Ties Sites where local ties between some or all points are missing Missing tie per DOMES Site Name Country Imp Technique (Point) ----- ---------------- -------- --- -------------------------------- Highly Important Sites 10317 NY-ALESUND NORWAY *** VLBI(S003 7331) 12309 MENDELEEVO RUSSIA *** SLR(S001 1870), GPS(M002 MDVO) 12329 YUZHNO-SAKHALINS RUSSIA *** GPS(M003 YSSK), DORIS(S001 SAKA) 12337 SIMEIS UKRAINE *** SLR(M001 7561), SLR(S003 1873) SLR(S006 1893), VLBI(S008 7332) 21602 WUHAN CHINA *** SLR(S003 7236), GPS(M001 WUHN) 21605 SHANGHAI CHINA *** GPS(M002 SHAO), VLBI(S008 7226) 21609 KUNMING CHINA *** GPS(M001 KUNM), SLR(S002 7820) 21612 URUMQI CHINA *** GPS(M001 URUM), VLBI(S001 7330) 21701 KASHIMA JAPAN *** SLR(M002 7335), VLBI(S001 1856) VLBI(S004 1857), VLBI(S006 7334) 21704 KOGANEI JAPAN *** SLR(M001 7328), SLR(S002 7308) S002(S004 7327) 21729 USUDA JAPAN *** VLBI(S001 7246), GPS(S007 USUD) 23903 SUWN-SHI S. KOREA *** GPS(M001 SUWN), VLBI(S001 7353) 21733 MINAMI TORI SIMA JAPAN *** SLR(S001 7300), VLBI(S002 7310) 21739 MIURA JAPAN *** SLR(M001 7337), VLBI(S001 7336) 21740 TATEYAMA JAPAN *** SLR(M001 7339), VLBI(S001 7338) 30302 HARTEBEESTHOEK S.AFRICA *** SLR(M003 7501) 40403 PALOS VERDES USA *** VLBI(M001 7268), GPS(M002 PVEP) 40419 KODIAK USA *** VLBI(M001 7278), GPS(S001 KOD1) 42501 BERMUDA USA *** SLR(M001 7067), VLBI(M002 7294) GPS(S004 BRMU) Very Important Sites 10302 TROMSO NORWAY * GPS(M006 TRO1) 12302 RIGA LATVIA * SLR(S006 1885) 12725 CAGLIARI ITALY * SLR(S013 7548) 13402 SAN FERNANDO SPAIN * SLR(S007 7824) 14201 WETTZELL GERMANY * SLR(M200 7594), VLBI(S100 7593) 21730 TSUKUBA JAPAN * VLBI(S007 7345) 21732 CHICHIJIMA JAPAN * VLBI(S004 7347) 40405 GOLDSTONE USA * GPS(S031 GOLD, current IGS point, Post-Landers) 40437 MAMMOTH LAKES USA * (M001 7259), (M002 CASA) Mobile VLBI - GPS ~4km 40439 OWENS VALLEY USA * VLBA(S006 7616) 40451 WASHINGTON USA * GPS(S003 USNO) 40492 VERNAL USA * SLR(M001 7892), VLBI(M002 7290) (Destroyed) 40499 RICHMOND USA * VLBI(S019 7201), GPS(S020 RCM6) Table 2: Dubious Local Ties --------------------------- DOMES Site Name Country Imp Techniques/points Delta (cm) ----- -------------- -------- --- ---------------------------------- ----- Highly Important Sites 10204 HOFN ICELAND *** VLBI(M001 7635)/GPS(M002 HOFN) 10 12717 NOTO ITALY *** VLBI(7547 S001)/GPS(M003 NOTO) 1 12734 MATERA ITALY *** VLBI(7234 S005)/GPS(M008 MATE) 1 13402 SAN FERNANDO SPAIN *** SLR(S004 7824)/GPS(M004 SFER) 5 13407 MADRID SPAIN *** GPS(MADR S012)/VLBI(1565 S010) 1 20805 ANKARA TURKEY *** SLR(M001 7589)/GPS(M002 ANKR) 30 21601 BEIJING CHINA *** GPS(M001 BJFS)/SLR(S004 7249) 5 21605 SHANGHAI CHINA *** SLR(S001 7837)/VLBI(S009 7227) 5 21732 CHICHIJIMA JAPAN *** VLBI(S001 7316)/SLR(S002 7844) 50 30302 HARTEBEESTHOEK S.AFRICA *** GPS(HART M002, HARK M007, HRAO M004) 1 DORIS(HBLA S005, HBKA S202) 1 40104 ALGONQUIN CANADA *** VLBI(7282 S001)/GPS(ALGO M002) 1 40408 FAIRBANKS USA *** GPS(FAIR M001)/VLBI(7225 S002) 2 GPS/DORIS(FAIA S004, FAIB S005) 1 40440 WESTFORD USA *** VLBI(S003 7209)/GPS(S020 WES2) 2 40451 GREENBELT USA *** GPS(GODE M123)/Other site points 1 50501 GUAM USA *** GPS(GUAM M002)/DORIS(GUAB S001) 3 66006 SYOWA ANTARTICA *** VLBI(7342 S004)/GPS + DORIS 5 66007 ROTHERA ANTARTICA *** GPS(ROT1 M001)/DORIS(ROTA S001) 7 66008 O'HIGGINS ANTARTICA *** VLBI(S001 7245)/GPS(M001 OHIG) 3 91501 PETRELS Is. TERRE ADELIE *** GPS(DUM1 M001)/DORIS(ADEA S001) 3 97301 KOUROU FRENCH GUIANA *** GPS(KOUR M210)/DORIS(KRUB S004) 5 Very Important Sites 10317 NY-ALESUND NORWAY * GPS(NYA1 M003) 2 14201 WETTZELL GERMANY * SLR(8834 S018)/Other site points 1 40405 GOLDSTONE USA * SLR(7085 M001, 7115 M002, 7265 M006) VLBI(1514 S001, 7222 S009, 1513 S014, 1515 S019), DORIS(GOMA S005) 1-5 40439 OWENS VALLEY USA * VLBI(7207 S002)/Other site points 2 40499 RICHMOND USA * VLBI(7219 S001)/GPS(RCM5 S018) 1 ___________________________________________________________________________ R: VLBI, L: SLR, P: GPS, D: DORIS Delta : Difference between local tie and Space Geodesy estimate ***************************************************************************

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Question about US TZ rules (Possible error in the data)
by Zane Appel March 25, 2001

March 25, 2001

Hello, Please see the data below from your latest data release (2001a): # From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25): # Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama. # In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time." # An AltaVista search turned up # <a href="http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html">: # "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace # Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.' Peace is wonderful." # </a> (August 1945) by way of confirmation. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule US 1918 1919 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule US 1918 1919 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S *Rule US 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War Rule US 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace I am confused about the rule for 1942 above (with asterisk.) Since the paragraph above says that they started calling it 'Eastern Peace Time' in 1945 doesn't that imply that the 1942 rule was in effect from 1942 to 1945 and not 1942 only? Thanks in Advance, Zane Appel

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(no subject)
by Mosb40＠aol.com March 25, 2001

March 25, 2001

when does ohio switch to savings time

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dst reference in "Animal Crackers"
by Will Fitzgerald March 24, 2001

March 24, 2001

Groucho Marx, as Captain Spaulding: "We're been using the five-cent nickle in this country since 1492. Now that's pretty near 100 years, daylight savings."

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Updated Australian time zone names/strings
by David J N Begley March 22, 2001

March 22, 2001

To whom it may concern... Summary: I'd like to request the "EST/EST" time zone strings for Australian eastern standard and summer/daylight-savings time be changed to "AEST/AEDT", given that "EST/EST": - clashes with an existing U.S. time zone; - gives no indication of the difference between standard/d'light savings; - is unnecessarily confusing; - is incorrectly quoted from the time zone database as authoritative; and, - does not necessarily gel with "common practice" in Australia. Whilst it is arguable exactly what string/abbreviation should be used in the absence of formal standards, I present "common usage" examples below and argue that at the very least, the abbreviations for standard and daylight savings time should be *different*. Detail: Checking the tzdata2001a archive (and various UNIX systems), Australian eastern time zones (particularly "Australia/Sydney") use the time zone string "EST" for both standard and summer/daylight-savings time. Notionally, this is just a visual issue that doesn't really bring the IT industry to its knees if it's wrong since most decent systems work directly on the UTC offset instead. However, some systems use the time zone database as an "expert reference" from which to extrapolate incorrect information - it is this that triggered my submission to you. For example, the time zone database includes the following comment: # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. # It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the # abbreviation does _not_ change... I can't speak for Mr Mackin's direct experience, but I can most certainly contest the assertion that, "We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time" - certainly everyone I know (and myself, of course) have always used the term "daylight savings" rather than "summer time". I've used UNIX systems for years so to a certain degree I'm used to this "error" in the time zone database; however, now that people are using the database as an authoritative resource (despite the comments in the file to the contrary), I thought it only fair to request a correction (in the hope that those relying on the database will in turn correct their information). Mr Mackin continues: # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses # the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight # time'. Unfortunately Mr Mackin does not indicate to what State he refers, but in *this* State (New South Wales - NSW), the relevant legislation clearly uses both terms (summer time and daylight savings) interchangeably; for reference, see the Standard Time Act 1987 (NSW), which *predates* Mr Mackin's comment: "New South Wales Consolidated Acts - STANDARD TIME ACT 1987" http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/ Whilst the Act clearly defines "standard time" and "summer time", it also makes specific mention of "daylight saving": - the long title of the legislation is: "An Act relating to standard time and daylight saving in New South Wales." - part 3 of the Act, talking about summer time, is in fact entitled: "PART 3 - DAYLIGHT SAVING" For further evidence of the use of the term "daylight saving", see: "Time in New South Wales" (NSW Attorney General's Department) http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time1 "Daylight Saving in New South Wales" (NSW Department of Public Works and Services) http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/t… "When does daylight savings start in Australia?" (National Standards Commission) http://www.nsc.gov.au/PAGES/Info/info_faq.html#Daylight Savings "Daylight Saving" (National Standards Commission) http://www.nsc.gov.au/PDF_WORD/Info/IL27.pdf Clearly, the assertion that Australia always uses the term "summer time" instead of "daylight time" or "daylight savings" (and therefore, the time zone abbreviations must be the same) is *incorrect*. The confusion arises because in Australia it is the States (not the Federal/national government) that legislate time changes during the summer months; whilst technically it is a federal responsibility under the constitution (as a measure related to commerce), the parliament has never really been able to pass legislation on the matter due to the fear that the States would see this as removing some of their legislative powers (see Hansard, Commonwealth House of Representatives, 1991). Subsequently, there is no standard name for time zones or summer clock shifts just "common use" (for various definitions of "common") that sometimes vary from State to State. In the media you will experience all manner of phrases used such as "Eastern Time", "Summer Time", "Sydney Time" and numerous other variants; for example, C&W Optus (a large telco) uses abbreviations such as "AEDST" when referring to Australian eastern daylight savings time. I suspect, apart from Mr Mackin's comments above, that the local use of the phrase "Eastern Standard Time" (which is clearly local in context) is what has led to the use of the ambiguous "EST" in the time zone database. More recently, however, the media is recognising the global context (rather than local) and starting to prefix time zone references with "Australian" (more on this below). As noted above, this confusing lack of standards, local phrases and personal experiences have found their way into the time zone database, into nearly every UNIX system (well...) and has now created even more confusion, especially as some people start to quote the time zone database as authoritative. For example: "Australian time zones and their naming variants account for fully one quarter of all time zones in the Postgres time zone lookup table." http://www.postgresql.org/users-lounge/docs/7.0/user/datetime-appendix.htm (Caused by wierd variants - many of which I must admit to never having seen in use - to the ambiguous "EST". Also note that they recognise "AEST".) More of a concern, is this: "4.5. The timezone string for Sydney/Australia is wrong since even when daylight saving time is in effect the timezone string is EST. "{UD} The problem for some timezones is that the local authorities decided to use the term 'summer time' instead of 'daylight saving time'. In this case the abbreviation character `S' is the same as the standard one. So, for Sydney we have Eastern Standard Time = EST Eastern Summer Time = EST Great! To get this bug fixed convince the authorities to change the laws and regulations of the country this effects. glibc behaves correctly." http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/FAQ.html This is clearly based on Mr Mackin's comment in the time zone database, and as I have demonstrated is wrong (in terms of the legislation and government use). Unfortunately, despite the evidence, the glibc authors simply point to the time zone database as authoritative and allow this error to continue. glibc is *not* behaving correctly, nor is the time zone database (but to correct glibc I need to get the time zone database updated). So.. by this time I hope I've demonstrated that it *is* legitimate (and correct) to use a different abbreviation for daylight savings/summer time; all that remains is to demonstrate why I've chosen "AEST" and "AEDT" to replace "EST" for standard and daylight savings time respectively. Well, ignoring my own use of these abbreviations, some "common use" includes: - Australian Broadcasting Corporation <http://www.abc.net.au/news/> - Browse the ABC News site and see the instances of "AEST" and "AEDT" (even "ACST" and "AWST" for central and western standard time) in reference to eastern standard or eastern summer time depending on whether that particular State observes daylight savings or not. - In particular, see the "Posted" timestamps at: <http://www.abc.net.au/news/state/nsw/default.htm> - The home page currently has a timestamp (towards page top-right) of: "This Bulletin: Thu, Mar 22 2001 4:15 PM AEDT". - Even at the bottom of the first news page is the explanation of "AEDT" (which may disappear this weekend when DST ends in NSW): "AEDT = Australian Eastern Daylight Time which is 11 hours ahead of UTC (Greenwich Mean Time)" - These pages also appear in a search of the Commonwealth Government's <http://www.fed.gov.au/> Web site. - Australian Department of Defence <http://www.defence.gov.au/> - See various media releases, for example, referring to times in either "AEST" or "AEDT", including: <http://www.defence.gov.au/media/1997/05797.html> <http://www.defence.gov.au/media/1997/01197.html> - National Library of Australia <http://www.nla.gov.au/> - Search their Web site for "AEST", references to contacting them give times in this time zone: <http://www.nla.gov.au/dss/libraries_os.html#express> - Australian Taxation Office (ATO) - http://www.ato.gov.au/content.asp?doc=/content/tax_reform/nat3402.htm - Australian Football League (AFL) - Fixture times: <http://www.afl.com.au/matches/season_111.htm> - Australian Cricket Board (ACB) - Live game coverage: <http://www-aus.cricket.org/link_to_database/NATIONAL/AUS/MATCHES/> - "The Australian" (and other Murdoch/News-owned newspapers) - Example: <http://australianit.news.com.au/common/storyPage/0,3811,902553%255E2184,00.…> - You have to "view source" to see the "Updated...AEST" - Visible at the very bottom, "All times AEDT" - Other (small sample) - NineMSN's News service <http://www.news.ninemsn.com.au/> (notice current time given in AEDT) - "...each fortnightly Sunday morning at 8am AEST/AEDT" http://news.ninemsn.com.au/smallbusiness/help/help9.asp - AAP IS/News, as viewed through <http://au.dailynews.yahoo.com/> (pick AAP-sourced articles and notice times in "AEDT" and "AEST") The examples go on and on. As you can see, it is not just government sites using the time zones "AEST" and "AEDT" in this manner. An argument could probably be mounted to have all the Australian time zones altered accordingly (probably along the lines used by the ABC and The Australian), but it's mainly the Australia/Sydney time zone that interests me at present. I hope this is sufficient information/examples for consideration, but would be happy to provide further info/examples if necessary. Thanks for your consideration (and sorry for this being so long); hope to hear your comments soon. Cheers.. dave

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Time Zones
by Ana Peterson March 19, 2001

March 19, 2001

Hi, is there an official Time Zone list? If so, where can I find it? Thanks in advance. -acp This communication is for informational purposes only. It is not intended as an offer or solicitation for the purchase or sale of any financial instrument or as an official confirmation of any transaction. All market prices, data and other information are not warranted as to completeness or accuracy and are subject to change without notice. Any comments or statements made herein do not necessarily reflect those of J.P. Morgan Chase & Co., its subsidiaries and affiliates.

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IERS Message No. 6
by central_bureau＠iers.org March 19, 2001

March 19, 2001

*************************************************************************** IERS Message No. 6 March 19, 2001 *************************************************************************** IERS' Global Geophysical Fluids Center (GGFC) and Special Bureaus Websites Going to Business The Global Geophysical Fluids Center has made public its official Internet Website <http//bowie.gsfc.nasa.gov/ggfc/>, located at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, with an Europe mirror site in Strasburg, France <http//ggfc.u-strasbg.fr> (an Asian mirror site is under preparation). The seven Special Bureaus (SB) can be readily linked. The SBs, under the coordination of GGFC, have the responsibility of supporting, facilitating, and providing services to the worldwide research community, in areas related to the variations in Earth rotation, gravitational field and geocenter motion that are caused by mass transport in the geophysical fluids. The geophysical fluids of the Earth system include the atmosphere, ocean, solid Earth, and core, and geophysical processes associated with tides and hydrological cycles. The time variation of angular momenta and the related torques, gravitational coefficients, and geocenter shift will be computed for all geophysical fluids based on global observational data, and/or products from state-of-the-art models some of which assimilate such data. The computed quantities, algorithm and data formats will be standardized. The results will be archived and made available to the scientific research community. The SBs will maintain individual data archives and services. The Websites are the main conduits for these services. The present organization of the Global Geophysical Fluids Center is: GGFC Head: Benjamin F. Chao Space Geodesy Branch, Code 926 NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA e-mail: <chao(a)bowie.gsfc.nasa.gov> SPECIAL BUREAUS ATMOSPHERE (SBA) Head: D. A. Salstein Atmospheric and Environmental Research (AER) OCEANS (SBO) Head: R. S. Gross Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) TIDES (SBT) Head: R. D. Ray GSFC Laboratory For Terrestrial Physics (LTP) HYDROLOGY (SBH) Head: C. R. Wilson University of Texas (UT) MANTLE (SBM) Head: B. F. Chao GSFC Laboratory For Terrestrial Physics (LTP) CORE (SBC) Head: V. Dehant Royal Observatory of Belgium (ROB) GRAVITY/GEOCENTER (SBGG) Head: M. M. Watkins Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) For more detail please see: Chao, B. F., V. Dehant, R. S. Gross, R. D. Ray, D. A. Salstein, M. M. Watkins, and C. R. Wilson, Space geodesy monitors mass transports in global geophysical fluids, EOS, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 81, 247-250, May 30, 2000. A PDF file of this article is posted on the GGFC Website (see above), courtesy of AGU. Hard-copy reprints are also available by contacting any of the people above. Several GGFC business meetings (some open to public) as well as co-sponsored technical special sessions have been held at international conferences. The upcoming open meeting will be held at EGS2001 Assembly in Nice (on Thursday, March 29, 2001, 6 pm, Room M11 of Congress Center), in association with Geodesy Symposium G3, "Time variable geodetic parameters and global geophysical fluids processes". --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dr. Benjamin Fong Chao Head, Space Geodesy Branch, Code 926 NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA phone: 301-614-6104, fax: 301-614-6099 e-mail: chao(a)bowie.gsfc.nasa.gov ***************************************************************************

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FW: Real time access to time zone/daylight savings time
by Olson, Arthur David (NCI) March 19, 2001

March 19, 2001

Tony Conti is not on the time zone mailing list; direct replies appropriately. --ado -----Original Message----- From: Tony Conti [mailto:TConti@hfcc.net] Sent: Wednesday, March 14, 2001 9:07 AM To: tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov Subject: Real time access to time zone/daylight savings time I have a VB application that needs real time access to time zones and daylight savings time. Is there an ActiveX object that can provide me the GMT value given the country, city and date parameters????

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IERS Message No. 5
by central_bureau＠iers.org March 19, 2001

March 19, 2001

*************************************************************************** IERS Message No. 5 March 19, 2001 *************************************************************************** Dear Colleagues, The ITRF2000 Primary Solution is now available on the WEB at: http://lareg.ensg.ign.fr/ITRF/ITRF2000/ The remaining densification parts will be added as soon as possible. The IERS ITRS Product Center thank all the Analysis Centers as well as the ITRF Working Group for their valuable contribution to this project. For any question, please contact: itrf(a)ensg.ign.fr Sincerely yours, Claude Boucher and Zuheir Altamimi, IERS ITRS-PC ***************************************************************************

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US/Pacific "double" DST in a few weeks?
by James A. Woods March 18, 2001

March 18, 2001

are you tracking stories like this, from the 26 march 2001 issue of business week? the news blurb appears to describe some urgency associated with background info at http://www.energy.ca.gov/daylightsaving.html just curious, since the first of may doesn't seem so far away. i can't imagine multiple state legislatures acting this fast, together with some sort of federal approval in accordance with the uniform time act. jaw(a)cfcl.com p.s. as a supplement to the periodic release of tz{code,data}*, is there an archived timezone interest mailing list? ________ MARCH 26, 2001 Up Front Edited by Sheridan Prasso U.S. EDITION Washington BROWNOUT BLUES Let a Thousand Outlook StairMasters Bloom International Day-for-Night in California Business Pitch Your Idea in 28 International What would California be like if Floors or Less Outlook the sun set at 9 p.m.? Two more Developments hours to skateboard or surf, to A Coverup in to Watch paint or play? It's possible. A Washington? People congressman from California, Management Democrat Brad Sherman, has Footnotes Government introduced a bill enabling The California and states in the Corporation Pacific Time Zone to set their clocks two hours ahead on Economics May 1. That way, it would stay light well into the evening--particularly on the northern Pacific Coast--and Legal Affairs hold down demand for electricity during peak periods. While BusinessWeek the sun would rise later, too, the change could cut Investor electricity consumption by 1% to 2% a day, says Sherman. The Barker "The bill provides California with the tools to ease the Portfolio burden," he says. Inside Wall Street "Double Daylight Saving Time" has support from more than a Figures of dozen House lawmakers but is still looking for Senate the Week backers. The California legislature first asked Congress to Editorials act last year, since time changes need federal approval. It wouldn't be the first time the U.S. extended Daylight INTERNATIONAL Saving Time. The last time was during the energy crisis in EDITIONS 1973-75. International By Laura Cohn -- Editor's

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leap second news from NIST, ITU/R, etc.
by Paul Eggert March 15, 2001

March 15, 2001

Yesterday Demetrios Matsakis reported on the Leap Second Discussion List some results from an informal session on leap seconds held at the 2001 European Time and Frequency Meeting. He said that the ITU/R committee on leap seconds, which may recommend the abolition of leap seconds, has asked for cooperation from other international bodies, and that the IERS and the IAU are involved. He also mentioned a few other things: * The planned European satellite system Galileo will run on TAI. * NIST is planning to make TAI-UTC available in its WWV series of broadcasts, and it is already available in their NTP format. * NIST plans to do a user survey about this. * Judah Levine of NIST has proposed including the complete list of leap seconds in all NTP packets. Others have suggested just giving the current value plus a change bit. For more about this, please see his full notice, archived on the Leap Second Discussion List (you need to join to to view the archives), at: http://clockdev.usno.navy.mil/archives/leapsecs.html

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Real time access to time zone/daylight savings time
by Tony Conti March 14, 2001

March 14, 2001

I have a VB application that needs real time access to time zones and daylight savings time. Is there an ActiveX object that can provide me the GMT value given the country, city and date parameters????

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tz-art.htm request
by Olson, Arthur David (NCI) March 13, 2001

March 13, 2001

I'd love to hear from someone who recorded the episode of The Lone Gunmen broadcast on 2001-03-11 with an accurate quote of the reference to Daylight Saving Time. --ado

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tzcode2001a.tar.gz and tzdata2001a.tar.gz
by Olson, Arthur David (NCI) March 13, 2001

March 13, 2001

The files ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzcode2001a.tar.gz and ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata2001a.tar.gz are now available. These incorporate the changes circulated last week on the time zone mailing list by Paul Eggert. There's also an addition to the "leapseconds" file: comments with the text of the latest IERS leap second notice. Trailing white space has been removed from data file lines, and repeated spaces in "Rule Jordan" lines in the "asia" file have been converted to tabs. --ado

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TZ Data to XML Project
by Chris Sells March 8, 2001

March 8, 2001

These are the outputs of my attempts to translate the native tz data into XML for easier parsing for applications other than implementations of the standard C routines related to time [1]. This is the first step in a project to merge time zone and map data by the Time Zone Map Group, lead by Chuck Ellis. Chris Sells http://staff.develop.com/csells [1] www.sellsbrothers.com/tools/tz

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Re: time zone geography
by Paul Eggert March 7, 2001

March 7, 2001

> From: Chuck Ellis [mailto:cellis@gaz.com] > Sent: Friday, February 16, 2001 5:45 PM > I am willing to devote some more time to trying to create the > fundamental tz map that is needed for the generalized application > that Arthur is discussing, but it is too much for one person alone It would very nice to have such a map and I'm happy to hear of progress being made in this area. Sorry, I haven't had time to think about it much, though. Do you know of the existing free databases in this area? They might help you get started (or, if they're low quality, I suppose they might slow you down). Here are the databases I know about; I've added links to them in my latest proposed patch to tz-link.htm. * Manifold.net's Free Maps and GIS Data includes a Manifold-format map of world time zone boundaries distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL). <http://www.manifold.net/download/freemaps.html> * The GeoCommunity's International Time Zones publishes the same data in other formats. <http://software.geocomm.com/data/intl_timezones.html> * The US Geological Survey's National Atlas of the United States publishes the Time Zones of the United States in the public domain. <http://www.nationalatlas.gov/timeznm.html> * The GeoCommunity lists several commercial sources for International Time Zones and Time Zone Data. Obviously they can't be copied, but they might be useful for spot checks. <http://spatialnews.geocomm.com/features/timezones/>

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proposed tz changes for Mexico, Latvia, Paraguay, Falklands, Vostok...
by Paul Eggert March 7, 2001

March 7, 2001

At the end of this message is a patch containing a raft of proposed tz patches to address the following issues. As usual, thanks to everybody who wrote in -- the work wouldn't be done without you. * Most of Mexico will have only five months of DST this year. Border states and Durango will continue to us US rules, apparently. The situation is still fluid; the mayor of the Federal District wants to avoid DST entirely. But we can't wait for too much longer, so let's publish what we now have. (Thanks to Jesper Norgaard, Gwillim Law, Rives McDow, Arthur David Olson, and James F. Smith for this info.) * Latvia will observe daylight saving time this year, using EU rules. (Thanks to Rives McDow for this info.) * Paraguay's rules are now the first Sunday in October to the first Sunday in March. (Thanks to Jesper Norgaard and Gwillim Law for this info.) * The Falklands have changed the DST rules; the new rules are the first Sunday in September to the third Sunday in April. (Thanks to Jesper Norgaard and to Rives McDow for this info.) Rives McDow noted that many Falklands farmers don't use DST; added this to the comments. * Easter I. etc. (Pacific/Easter) switches at 22:00 local time, not 24:00 like the rest of Chile. (Thanks to Gwillim Law for this info.) * Lord Howe Island switches at 02:00 local time, not 02:00 standard time. (Thanks to James Lonergan via David Keegel for this info.) * Many minor repairs to the long-ago history of Mexican DST, due to new information that is surfacing on the web due to the uproar over the `guerra de la hora' in Mexico. The most complicated DST history is that of Tijuana. We still don't have the full story for Baja since 1970. (Thanks to Gwillim Law for this info.) * America/Cambridge_Bay switched to EST on 10-29 last year, then reverted to CST/CDT on 11-05. (Thanks to Rives McDow for this info.) * A new time zone abbreviation ChST for Chamorro Standard Time, the new official US time zone for Guam and environs. (Thanks to Rives McDow for this info.) * Replace the zones using the SystemV rules, as they tempt users to use rules that are obsolete. Create links to non-obsolete rules instead. (Thanks to Ben Collins for noting this problem.) * Rename the Zone America/Porto_Acre to America/Rio_Branco, as the latter city is much larger and better known. (Thanks to Jesper Norgaard for this suggestion.) * Remove the Zone Europe/Tiraspol; apparently it was bogus, as Tiraspol has had the same clocks as Chisinau since 1970, though perhaps a few local hotheads thought otherwise. (Thanks to Jesper Norgaard for this info.) * A new Zone Antarctica/Vostok, with the same time as Moscow. (Thanks to Robert Lee Hotz for inspiring me to find out about Vostok.) * US daylight saving time apparently was not called "War Time" in 1918/1919, so change abbreviations like EWT to EDT for times back then. Add a pointer to Garland's 1927 history, which talks about this indirectly. * Change the abbreviations like EDT to EWT for Mexico and Canada during World War II, as those countries were at war. * Switch from `___' to `zzz' as the abbreviation for the time zone in uninhabited locations. POSIX 1003.1 (as of 200x draft 5) no longer allows `___' as a zone name. * Use strings in zdump.c that are more easily translated. * Add a comment saying that California may move to permanent DST due to the current power crunch. (Thanks to Ryan Alessi via Rives McDow for this.) * Add a comment saying that Indiana may adopt DST statewide soon. (Thanks to Pam Belluck via Markus Kuhn for this.) * Clarify the comments in the `etcetera' file about zone names like "GMT+4". Thanks to Jesper Norgaard for his help with the wording. * Added comments from Ephraim Silverberg about the abbreviations "IST" and "IDT" for Israel time. * Add a comment about the false daylight saving rumor in Chechnya that recently had the whole city out of sync with Moscow for two weeks. (Thanks to John Daniszewski for this.) * Improve verbal descriptions of US time zone boundaries. (Thanks to Alan Pritchard for this.) * Add references to some French time zone historical authorities, including the historical boundaries between Vichy and Occupied France. Also, mention the separate time zones in Sicily and Sardinia before 1893. (Thanks to Ciro Discepolo.) * Add a comment about the monument erected to William Willett in 1927 near Chiselhurst, Kent. * Correct the title of Benjamin Franklin's original essay proposing DST, and add the journal and date of publication. * Change "daylight savings" to "daylight saving" for consistency. * Explain POSIX file name rules more clearly. * Specify "mainstream" English spelling, not "traditional". * In the `Theory' file, relax the rules for time zone abbreviations to allow "ChST". * Mention the changes in 1003.1-200x, as they mean that a portable time zone abbreviation can now use only ASCII letters. * Mention the new "zzz" convention for locations while uninhabited. * Update URLs for Pollastri, Shanks's computer distribution. * Add URLs for various OSes, the IATA SSIM, the CIA, time zone boundary data, Mexican DST history, the Science of Timekeeping, and the Working Group on the Leap Second. * Restore URL for McCarthy and Klepczynski's proposal to remove leap seconds, as it is available again. * Remove broken URL for the USNO Astronomical Applications Department. =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/antarctica,v retrieving revision 2000.2 retrieving revision 2000.2.0.1 diff -pu -r2000.2 -r2000.2.0.1 --- antarctica 2000/02/21 17:06:16 2000.2 +++ antarctica 2001/03/07 09:05:51 2000.2.0.1 @@ -14,7 +14,19 @@ # # Except for the French entries, # I made up all time zone abbreviations mentioned here; corrections welcome! -# FORMAT is `___' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. +# FORMAT is `zzz' and GMTOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited. + +# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file. +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule RussAQ 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule RussAQ 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +Rule RussAQ 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule RussAQ 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S +Rule RussAQ 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - +Rule RussAQ 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule RussAQ 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule RussAQ 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - # These rules are stolen from the `southamerica' file. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S @@ -58,13 +70,13 @@ Rule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 # (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) # Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - ___ 1969 +Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - zzz 1969 8:00 - WST # Western (Aus) Standard Time -Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - ___ 1957 Jan 13 +Zone Antarctica/Davis 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 13 7:00 - DAVT 1964 Nov # Davis Time - 0 - ___ 1969 Feb + 0 - zzz 1969 Feb 7:00 - DAVT -Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - ___ 1954 Feb 13 +Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - zzz 1954 Feb 13 6:00 - MAWT # Mawson Time # References: # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html"> @@ -110,7 +122,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - ___ 1954 Feb # fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - ___ 1950 # Port-aux-Francais +Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - zzz 1950 # Port-aux-Francais 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time # # year-round base in the main continent @@ -120,9 +132,9 @@ Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - ___ 1950 # Por # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - ___ 1947 +Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - zzz 1947 10:00 - PMT 1952 Jan 14 # Port-Martin Time - 0 - ___ 1956 Nov + 0 - zzz 1956 Nov 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time # Reference: # <a href="http://www.icair.iac.org.nz/science/reports/fr/IFRTP.html"> @@ -149,7 +161,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - ___ 1 # was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main # station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - ___ 1957 Jan 29 +Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - zzz 1957 Jan 29 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time # See: # <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html"> @@ -190,7 +202,23 @@ Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 # Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02 # Molodezhnaya # Novolazarevskaya -# Vostok + +# Vostok, since 1957-12-16 +# <a href="http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP"> +# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15)</a>: +# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same +# time as Moscow, Russia. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03): +# Today I talked with a neighbor Robert Lee Hotz, a neighbor who +# recently returned from Vostok. He said that the Americans have a +# substation next to Vostok that keeps New Zealand time. +# He thought the Russians still use Moscow time, but wasn't sure. +# +Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - zzz 1957 Dec 16 + 3:00 RussAQ MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s + 2:00 RussAQ EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 3:00 RussAQ MSK/MSD # S Africa - year-round bases # Marion Island @@ -228,7 +256,7 @@ Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 # Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina. # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - ___ 1965 +Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - zzz 1965 -4:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 -3:00 ArgAQ AR%sT 1982 May -4:00 ChileAQ CL%sT @@ -236,7 +264,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/Palmer 0 - ___ 1965 # # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1956 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - ___ 1956 +Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - zzz 1956 12:00 NZAQ NZ%sT # # Amundsen-Scott, South Pole, since 1957-01-23 =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/asia,v retrieving revision 2000.8 retrieving revision 2000.8.0.1 diff -pu -r2000.8 -r2000.8.0.1 --- asia 2000/12/14 20:33:30 2000.8 +++ asia 2001/03/07 09:05:51 2000.8.0.1 @@ -522,9 +522,25 @@ Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 # Israel -# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): -# ISRAEL 2 H AHEAD OF UTC -# ISRAEL 3 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 10 - SEP 3 +# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): +# +# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three +# different abbreviations in use: +# +# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] +# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] +# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] +# +# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, +# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, +# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with +# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go +# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone +# settings in Israeli computers. +# +# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, +# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's +# family is from India). # From Shanks: # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/australasia,v retrieving revision 2000.8 retrieving revision 2000.8.0.1 diff -pu -r2000.8 -r2000.8.0.1 --- australasia 2000/12/14 20:33:30 2000.8 +++ australasia 2001/03/07 09:05:51 2000.8.0.1 @@ -151,16 +151,16 @@ Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT # Lord Howe Island # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - -Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - -Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 - -Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - -Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 0:30 - -Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 - -Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - -Rule LH 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - -Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 0:30 - -Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 - +Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - +Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - +Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - +Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - +Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - +Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - +Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - +Rule LH 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - +Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - +Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 10:30 LH LHST @@ -223,7 +223,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 # Guam # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Guam 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana - 10:00 - GST + 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam + 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time # Kiribati # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] @@ -242,7 +243,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Saipan 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time - 10:00 - MPT + 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 + 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time # Marshall Is # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] @@ -494,7 +496,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # 9:00 JST Japan # 9:30 CST CST Central Australia # 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia -# 10:00 GST Guam +# 10:00 ChST Chamorro # 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* @@ -876,8 +878,9 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. -# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-25): -# For Lord Howe we use Shanks through 1989, and Lonergan thereafter, +# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-09): +# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks through 1989, and Lonergan thereafter. +# For times we use Lonergan. ############################################################################### @@ -976,6 +979,11 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. # Ignore this for now, as we have no hard data. See also Asia/Manila. +# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, +# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, +# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, +# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". + # Micronesia =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/backward,v retrieving revision 2000.8 retrieving revision 2000.8.0.1 diff -pu -r2000.8 -r2000.8.0.1 --- backward 2000/12/14 20:33:33 2000.8 +++ backward 2001/03/07 09:05:51 2000.8.0.1 @@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ Link America/Adak America/Atka Link America/Tijuana America/Ensenada Link America/Indianapolis America/Fort_Wayne Link America/Indiana/Knox America/Knox_IN +Link America/Rio_Branco America/Porto_Acre Link America/St_Thomas America/Virgin Link Asia/Dhaka Asia/Dacca Link Asia/Ashgabat Asia/Ashkhabad @@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ Link Africa/Cairo Egypt Link Europe/Dublin Eire Link Europe/London GB Link Europe/London GB-Eire +Link Europe/Chisinau Europe/Tiraspol Link Etc/GMT+0 GMT+0 Link Etc/GMT-0 GMT-0 Link Etc/GMT0 GMT0 =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/date.c,v retrieving revision 2000.4 retrieving revision 2000.4.0.1 diff -pu -r2000.4 -r2000.4.0.1 --- date.c 2000/04/20 19:42:55 2000.4 +++ date.c 2001/03/07 09:05:51 2000.4.0.1 @@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ char * argv[]; case 'n': /* don't set network */ nflag = 1; break; - case 'd': /* daylight savings time */ + case 'd': /* daylight saving time */ if (dflag) { (void) fprintf(stderr, _("date: error: multiple -d's used")); =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/etcetera,v retrieving revision 1998.7 retrieving revision 1998.7.0.2 diff -pu -r1998.7 -r1998.7.0.2 --- etcetera 1998/08/11 03:16:33 1998.7 +++ etcetera 2001/03/07 09:05:51 1998.7.0.2 @@ -24,10 +24,24 @@ Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT-0 Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT+0 Link Etc/GMT Etc/GMT0 -# We use POSIX-style signedness in the names and output, -# internal-style signedness in the specifications. -# For example, TZ=Etc/GMT+4 corresponds to 4 hours _behind_ UTC; -# it is equivalent to TZ=GMT+4, which is implemented directly as per POSIX. +# We use POSIX-style signs in the Zone names and the output abbreviations, +# even though this is the opposite of what many people expect. +# POSIX has positive signs west of Greenwich, but many people expect +# positive signs east of Greenwich. For example, TZ='Etc/GMT+4' uses +# the abbreviation "GMT+4" and corresponds to 4 hours behind UTC +# (i.e. west of Greenwich) even though many people would expect it to +# mean 4 hours ahead of UTC (i.e. east of Greenwich). +# +# In the draft 5 of POSIX 1003.1-200x, the angle bracket notation +# (which is not yet supported by the tz code) allows for +# TZ='<GMT-4>+4'; if you want time zone abbreviations conforming to +# ISO 8601 you can use TZ='<-0400>+4'. Thus the commonly-expected +# offset is kept within the angle bracket (and is used for display) +# while the POSIX sign is kept outside the angle bracket (and is used +# for calculation). +# +# Do not use a TZ setting like TZ='GMT+4', which is four hours behind +# GMT but uses the completely misleading abbreviation "GMT". # Earlier incarnations of this package were not POSIX-compliant, # and had lines such as =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/europe,v retrieving revision 2000.8 retrieving revision 2000.8.0.1 diff -pu -r2000.8 -r2000.8.0.1 --- europe 2000/12/14 20:33:31 2000.8 +++ europe 2001/03/07 09:05:51 2000.8.0.1 @@ -135,6 +135,9 @@ # <a href="http://www.the-times.co.uk/news/pages/tim/2000/05/18/x-timcrtcrt01011.html"> # Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18) # </a> +# A monument was erected in 1927 to Willett, in an open space in a 45-acre wood +# near Chiselhurst, Kent that was purchased by popular subscription and open +# to the public. # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving'' @@ -808,6 +811,19 @@ Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 2:00 EU EE%sT # France + +# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): +# +# Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions +# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 +# +# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur, +# Paris, 1991 +# +# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie, +# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987 + + # # Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S @@ -844,8 +860,14 @@ Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1: Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S -# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, -# but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco). +# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks writes +# that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. +# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez, +# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La +# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Decartes, +# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, +# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois, +# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collognes (Haute-Savioe). Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer # Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, # but go with Denis.Excoffier(a)ens.fr (1997-12-12), @@ -870,9 +892,11 @@ Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 - 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time -# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier's 14/6/40 22hUT. + 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT +# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 +# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; +# go with Shanks. 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 @@ -1047,9 +1071,16 @@ Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1 # Italy # +# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): +# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, +# called ``Palermo Time'' (+0053) and ``Cagliari Time'' (+0038). +# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. +# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, +# so record only the time in Rome. +# # From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06): # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri -# <a href="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html"> +# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html"> # Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14) # </a> # (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute @@ -1163,6 +1194,20 @@ Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of # 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only). +# <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html"> +# From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: +# </a> +# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will +# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. +# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their +# clocks one hour in the spring.... +# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few +# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European +# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving +# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government +# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it +# appears that they will not do so.... + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - @@ -1180,7 +1225,8 @@ Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 - 2:00 - EET + 2:00 - EET 2001 + 2:00 EU EE%sT # Liechtenstein # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] @@ -1283,6 +1329,18 @@ Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 1:00 EU CE%sT # Moldova + +# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-11): +# A previous version of this database followed Shanks, who writes that +# Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. +# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence +# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). +# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area +# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. +# But moldavizolit(a)tirastel.md and mk(a)tirastel.md separately reported via +# Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. +# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. + # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT @@ -1297,15 +1355,6 @@ Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 # See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 2:00 EU EE%sT -Zone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880 - 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT - 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT - 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 - 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD # Monaco # Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21. @@ -1579,6 +1628,13 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from # Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... # still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. +# +# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from +# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): +# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was +# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with +# the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began +# enforcing curfew at the wrong time. # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/northamerica,v retrieving revision 2000.8 retrieving revision 2000.8.0.1 diff -pu -r2000.8 -r2000.8.0.1 --- northamerica 2000/12/14 20:33:31 2000.8 +++ northamerica 2001/03/07 09:05:51 2000.8.0.1 @@ -31,9 +31,10 @@ # Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it. # It is the source for the US and Puerto Rico entries below. -# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12): +# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): # Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin -# in his whimsical essay ``Turkey vs Eagle, McCauley is my Beagle'' (1784). +# in his whimsical essay ``An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost +# of Light'' published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26). # Not everyone is happy with the results: # # I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some @@ -48,6 +49,16 @@ # them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves. # # -- Robertson Davies, The Diary of Samuel Marchbanks (1947), XIX, Sunday +# +# For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see +# Robert Garland's <a href="http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html"> +# Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint +# (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927)</a>. +# +# Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919. +# However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which +# was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently +# time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time". # From Arthur David Olson: # US Daylight Saving Time ended on the last Sunday of *October* in 1974. @@ -77,14 +88,8 @@ # of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in # London which were to precede Mr. Atlee's speech. -# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): -# Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1919. -# In the light of the above, this seems suspect; -# but we have no better authority yet. - - # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule US 1918 1919 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 W # War +Rule US 1918 1919 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule US 1918 1919 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule US 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War Rule US 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace @@ -174,6 +179,19 @@ Rule US 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): # Shanks uses 1983-10-30, not 1983-11-30, for the 1983 transitions. # Go with Shanks. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow: +# Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced the abbreviation +# "Chamorro Standard Time" for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas. +# See the file "australasia". + +# From Ryan Alessi of the Thousand Oaks Star (2001-02-15) via Rives McDow: +# Brad Sherman, D-Sherman Oaks, introduced a bill in Congress on +# Wednesday that could have California operating on Denver time as +# early as this summer.... The options include keeping +# daylight-saving time all year long, or setting clocks back two hours +# -- instead of just one -- during the existing daylight-saving time. + # US Eastern time, represented by New York @@ -226,7 +244,8 @@ Zone America/Chicago -5:50:36 - LMT 1883 # # Colorado, southern Idaho, far western Kansas, Montana, western # Nebraska, New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota, far eastern Oregon, -# western South Dakota, far western Texas, Utah, Wyoming +# western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County, +# and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER Rule Denver 1920 1921 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D @@ -376,6 +395,13 @@ Zone America/Boise -7:44:49 - LMT 1883 N # So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory `America/Indiana'. # # Most of EST-only Indiana last observed DST in 1970. + +# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06), following a tip by Markus Kuhn: +# Pam Belluck reported in the New York Times (2001-01-31) that the +# Indiana Legislature is considering a bill to adopt DST statewide. +# Her article mentioned Vevay, whose post office observes a different +# time zone than Danner's Hardware across the street. + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER Rule Indianapolis 1941 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D Rule Indianapolis 1941 1954 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S @@ -521,6 +547,11 @@ Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:2 # # This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks. # +# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): +# Garland (1927) writes ``Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks +# one hour in 1914.'' This change is not in Shanks. We have no more +# info, so omit this for now. +# # Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER Rule Detroit 1948 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D @@ -646,7 +677,7 @@ Link Pacific/Honolulu HST # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Canada 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D Rule Canada 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S -Rule Canada 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Canada 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W Rule Canada 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S Rule Canada 1974 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Canada 1974 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S @@ -675,13 +706,13 @@ Rule StJohns 1920 1935 - Oct lastSun 23: Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D Rule StJohns 1936 1941 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S # Shanks gives 1942 May 11 - 1945 Sep 30; go with Whitman. -Rule StJohns 1942 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule StJohns 1942 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 W Rule StJohns 1942 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 S -Rule StJohns 1943 only - May 30 0:00 1:00 D +Rule StJohns 1943 only - May 30 0:00 1:00 W Rule StJohns 1943 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S -Rule StJohns 1944 only - Jul 10 0:00 1:00 D +Rule StJohns 1944 only - Jul 10 0:00 1:00 W Rule StJohns 1944 only - Sep 2 0:00 0 S -Rule StJohns 1945 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule StJohns 1945 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 W Rule StJohns 1945 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S # For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives # Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks. @@ -765,7 +796,7 @@ Rule Halifax 1937 1938 - May Sun>=1 0:00 Rule Halifax 1937 1941 - Sep Mon>=24 0:00 0 S Rule Halifax 1939 only - May 28 0:00 1:00 D Rule Halifax 1940 1941 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Halifax 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Halifax 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W Rule Halifax 1945 1959 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Halifax 1946 1959 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Halifax 1962 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D @@ -867,7 +898,7 @@ Rule Winn 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D Rule Winn 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S Rule Winn 1937 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 D Rule Winn 1937 only - Sep 26 2:00 0 S -Rule Winn 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Winn 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W Rule Winn 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Winn 1946 only - May 12 2:00 1:00 D Rule Winn 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S @@ -937,7 +968,7 @@ Rule Regina 1937 1941 - Apr Sun>=8 0:00 Rule Regina 1937 only - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S Rule Regina 1938 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 S Rule Regina 1939 1941 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S -Rule Regina 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Regina 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W Rule Regina 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Regina 1946 only - Apr Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D Rule Regina 1946 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0 S @@ -970,7 +1001,7 @@ Rule Edm 1919 only - May 27 2:00 0 S Rule Edm 1920 1923 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Edm 1920 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Edm 1921 1923 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S -Rule Edm 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Edm 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W Rule Edm 1945 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Edm 1947 only - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Edm 1947 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S @@ -996,7 +1027,7 @@ Zone America/Edmonton -7:33:52 - LMT 190 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Vanc 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D Rule Vanc 1918 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 S -Rule Vanc 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Vanc 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W Rule Vanc 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S Rule Vanc 1946 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule Vanc 1946 only - Oct 13 2:00 0 S @@ -1100,6 +1131,9 @@ Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 - LMT # central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to # mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's # unified time zone in 1999. +# +# From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government: +# The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000. # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): # Let's just keep track of the official times for now. @@ -1109,7 +1143,7 @@ Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S Rule NT_YK 1919 only - May 25 2:00 1:00 D Rule NT_YK 1919 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S -Rule NT_YK 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 D +Rule NT_YK 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W Rule NT_YK 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Apr lastSun 0:00 2:00 DD Rule NT_YK 1965 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S @@ -1131,6 +1165,8 @@ Zone America/Rankin_Inlet -6:08:40 - LMT -5:00 - EST Zone America/Cambridge_Bay -7:00:20 - LMT 1884 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00 + -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00 + -5:00 - EST 2000 Nov 5 0:00 -6:00 Canada C%sT Zone America/Yellowknife -7:37:24 - LMT 1884 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT @@ -1149,31 +1185,29 @@ Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 # Mexico -# Gwillim Law reports this source for daylight saving time in Mexico: -# <a href="http://www.spin.com.mx/verano/"> -# Daylight saving time * SPIN-Internet (in Spanish) -# </a> -# Law (2000-03-09) translates it as follows: -# -# Standard time effective in Mexico takes its origin in the -# presidential decree of April 24, 1942. The time of the 120th -# meridian applies to the state of Baja California; of the 105th -# meridian to the states of Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa, and -# Nayarit; and the time of the 90th meridian to the rest of the -# country. -# -# In the country, there have been several attempts made to adapt -# standard time with the object of arriving at a better use of -# daylight for social and economic activities. In December, 1981 a -# permanent time zone was decreed for the states of Campeche, Yucatan, -# and Quintana Roo, displacing them from the 90th to the 75th -# meridian. This disposition was annulled on December 2, 1982. -# -# In 1988 a Summer Time was established for the states of Tamaulipas, -# Nuevo Leon, Coahuila, and Durango, which meant that from the first -# Sunday in April to the last [Sunday] of October those states -# displaced their time from the 90th to the 75th meridian. That -# disposition lasted for one year. +# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05): +# The Investigation and Analysis Service of the +# Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a +# <a href="http://www.cddhcu.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/"> +# history of Mexican local time (in Spanish) +# </a>. +# +# Here are the discrepancies between Shanks and the MLoC. +# (In all cases we go with the MLoC.) +# Shanks reports that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923. +# Shanks says the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16. +# Shanks reports no DST during summer 1931. +# Shanks reports a transition at 1032-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01. +# Shanks does not report transitions for Baja in 1945 or 1948. +# Shanks reports southern Mexico transitions on 1981-12-01, not 12-23. +# Shanks says Quintana Roo switched to -6:00 on 1982-12-02, and to -5:00 +# on 1997-10-26 at 02:00. + +# From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20): +# There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the +# tz database. I think they can best be explained by supposing that +# the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of +# the relevant documents. # From Paul Eggert (2000-07-26): # Shanks gives 1942-04-01 instead of 1942-04-24, and omits the 1981 @@ -1223,54 +1257,91 @@ Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 # savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of # Arizona year round. -# From Jesper Norgaard (2000-12-02): -# No changes have been implemented yet, but the new elected president -# Vicente Fox seems to agree with his presidential candidate opponent -# Labastida that daylight saving should not be discontinued, but maybe -# reduced with a couple of months, e.g. starting one month later and -# ending one month earlier: -# http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/044581/ +# From Jesper Norgaard, translating +# <http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/064327/> (2001-01-17): +# In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National +# Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each +# year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the +# whole year. + +# From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19): +# <http://www.reforma.com/negocios_y_dinero/articulo/064481/> ... says +# (translated):... +# January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced +# that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting +# this year.... +# <http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&sec…> +# [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday +# in May, and end on the last Sunday of September. + +# From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25): +# The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one +# story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."... +# http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html +# ... Mexico City Mayor Lopez Obrador "...is threatening to keep +# Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than +# the rest of the country..." In particular, Lopez Obrador would abolish +# observation of Daylight Saving Time. + +# <a href="http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre"> +# Official statute published by the Energy Department +# </a> (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules, +# and Sonora with no DST. This was reported by Jesper Norgaard (2001-02-03). + +# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03): +# +# <a href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html"> +# James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times +# </a> +# * Sonora will continue to observe standard time. +# * Border states including Baja California, Chihuahua, and Nuevo Leon +# will use US rules, +# * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador decreed that +# the Federal District will not adopt DST. +# * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree. +# * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including +# the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools. +# +# For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules +# and that border states and Durango will stick with US rules. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Mexico 1939 only - Feb 5 0:00 1:00 D Rule Mexico 1939 only - Jun 25 0:00 0 S Rule Mexico 1940 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 D Rule Mexico 1941 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 S -Rule Mexico 1943 only - Dec 16 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Mexico 1943 only - Dec 16 0:00 1:00 W Rule Mexico 1944 only - May 1 0:00 0 S Rule Mexico 1950 only - Feb 12 0:00 1:00 D Rule Mexico 1950 only - Jul 30 0:00 0 S -Rule Mexico 1996 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D -Rule Mexico 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S -# -Rule BajaN 1954 1961 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D -Rule BajaN 1954 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Mexico 2001 max - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Mexico 2001 max - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # Quintana Roo Zone America/Cancun -5:47:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:12:56 - -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec - -5:00 - EST 1982 Dec 2 - -6:00 - CST 1996 - -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1997 Oct lastSun 2:00 + -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23 -5:00 Mexico E%sT 1998 Aug 2 2:00 -6:00 Mexico C%sT # Campeche, Yucatan Zone America/Merida -5:58:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:01:32 - -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec + -6:00 - CST 1981 Dec 23 -5:00 - EST 1982 Dec 2 -6:00 Mexico C%sT # Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas -Zone America/Monterrey -6:41:16 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:01:32 +Zone America/Monterrey -6:41:16 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:18:44 -6:00 - CST 1988 -6:00 US C%sT 1989 - -6:00 Mexico C%sT + -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2001 + -6:00 US C%sT # Central Mexico Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:23:24 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct - -7:00 - MST 1932 Mar 30 23:00 + -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1 -6:00 Mexico C%sT # Chihuahua Zone America/Chihuahua -7:04:20 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:55:40 @@ -1278,18 +1349,19 @@ Zone America/Chihuahua -7:04:20 - LMT 19 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct - -7:00 - MST 1932 Mar 30 23:00 + -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1 -6:00 - CST 1996 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998 -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00 - -7:00 Mexico M%sT + -7:00 Mexico M%sT 2001 + -7:00 US M%sT # Sonora Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:36:08 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct - -7:00 - MST 1932 Mar 30 23:00 + -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14 -8:00 - PST 1970 @@ -1301,20 +1373,38 @@ Zone America/Mazatlan -7:05:40 - LMT 192 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15 -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct - -7:00 - MST 1932 Mar 30 23:00 + -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1 -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr 24 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14 -8:00 - PST 1970 -7:00 Mexico M%sT # Baja California Zone America/Tijuana -7:48:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:11:56 + -7:00 - MST 1924 -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 - -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 16 + -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 15 + -8:00 - PST 1931 Apr 1 + -8:00 1:00 PDT 1931 Sep 30 -8:00 - PST 1942 Apr 24 - -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14 - -8:00 BajaN P%sT 1976 + -8:00 1:00 PWT 1945 Nov 12 + -8:00 - PST 1948 Apr 5 + -8:00 1:00 PDT 1949 Jan 14 + -8:00 - PST 1954 + -8:00 CA P%sT 1961 + -8:00 - PST 1976 -8:00 US P%sT 1996 - -8:00 Mexico P%sT + -8:00 Mexico P%sT 2001 + -8:00 US P%sT +# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05): +# Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from +# America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976 +# through 1995. This was as per Shanks. However, Guy Harris reports +# that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicale, San Felipe and +# Tijuana observe DST," which contradicts Shanks but does imply that +# DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then. This concerns +# data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone +# other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its +# name or contents should be. # # Revillagigedo Is # no information =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/southamerica,v retrieving revision 2000.8 retrieving revision 2000.8.0.1 diff -pu -r2000.8 -r2000.8.0.1 --- southamerica 2000/12/14 20:33:32 2000.8 +++ southamerica 2001/03/07 09:05:51 2000.8.0.1 @@ -474,8 +474,7 @@ Zone America/Eirunepe -4:39:28 - LMT 191 -5:00 - ACT # # Acre (AC) -# Rio_Branco is too ambiguous, since there's a Rio Branco in Uruguay too. -Zone America/Porto_Acre -4:31:12 - LMT 1914 +Zone America/Rio_Branco -4:31:12 - LMT 1914 -5:00 Brazil AC%sT 1988 Sep 12 -5:00 - ACT @@ -494,17 +493,29 @@ Zone America/Porto_Acre -4:31:12 - LMT 1 # Because of the same drought, the government decided to end DST later, # on April 3, (one-time change). +# From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20): +# I came across a Chilean on-line newspaper, La Tercera. Its +# <a href="http://www.tercera.cl/diario/1998/03/13/extras.html"> +# 1998-03-13 issue +# </a>, says (my translation): +# "At 24:00 (midnight) tomorrow (Saturday) - 22:00 in the insular +# territory [Easter Island, Juan Fernandez, etc.] - winter time will +# begin in the entire country." + +# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-21): +# Assume this rule has been used since DST was introduced in the islands. + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Chile 1918 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Chile 1919 only - Jul 2 0:00 0 - Rule Chile 1927 1931 - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Chile 1928 1932 - Apr 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Chile 1969 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Chile 1970 1998 - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 - -Rule Chile 1998 only - Sep 27 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Chile 1999 only - Apr 4 0:00 0 - -Rule Chile 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Chile 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 - +Rule Chile 1969 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S +Rule Chile 1970 1998 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - +Rule Chile 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S +Rule Chile 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 - +Rule Chile 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S +Rule Chile 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 - # IATA SSIM anomalies: (1990-09) says 1990-09-16; (1992-02) says 1992-03-14; # (1996-09) says 1998-03-08. Ignore these. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] @@ -555,6 +566,56 @@ Zone Pacific/Galapagos -5:58:24 - LMT 19 -6:00 - GALT # Galapagos Time # Falklands + +# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05): +# Between 1990 and 2000 inclusive, Shanks and the IATA agree except +# the IATA gives 1996-09-08. Go with Shanks. + +# From Falkland Islands Government Office, London (2001-01-22) +# via Jesper Norgaard: +# ... the clocks revert back to Local Mean Time at 2 am on Sunday 15 +# April 2001 and advance one hour to summer time at 2 am on Sunday 2 +# September. It is anticipated that the clocks will revert back at 2 +# am on Sunday 21 April 2002 and advance to summer time at 2 am on +# Sunday 1 September. + +# From Rives McDow (2001-02-13): +# +# I have communicated several times with people there, and the last +# time I had communications that was helpful was in 1998. Here is +# what was said then: +# +# "The general rule was that Stanley used daylight saving and the Camp +# did not. However for various reasons many people in the Camp have +# started to use daylight saving (known locally as 'Stanley Time') +# There is no rule as to who uses daylight saving - it is a matter of +# personal choice and so it is impossible to draw a map showing who +# uses it and who does not. Any list would be out of date as soon as +# it was produced. This year daylight saving ended on April 18/19th +# and started again on September 12/13th. I do not know what the rule +# is, but can find out if you like. We do not change at the same time +# as UK or Chile." +# +# I did have in my notes that the rule was "Second Saturday in Sep at +# 0:00 until third Saturday in Apr at 0:00". I think that this does +# not agree in some cases with Shanks; is this true? +# +# Also, there is no mention in the list that some areas in the +# Falklands do not use DST. I have found in my communications there +# that these areas are on the western half of East Falkland and all of +# West Falkland. Stanley is the only place that consistently observes +# DST. Again, as in other places in the world, the farmers don't like +# it. West Falkland is almost entirely sheep farmers. +# +# I know one lady there that keeps a list of which farm keeps DST and +# which doesn't each year. She runs a shop in Stanley, and says that +# the list changes each year. She uses it to communicate to her +# customers, catching them when they are home for lunch or dinner. + +# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05): +# For now, we'll just record the time in Stanley, since we have no +# better info. + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Falk 1937 1938 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S Rule Falk 1938 1942 - Mar Sun>=19 0:00 0 - @@ -564,9 +625,10 @@ Rule Falk 1943 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - Rule Falk 1983 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S Rule Falk 1984 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule Falk 1984 only - Sep 16 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Falk 1985 1995 - Sep Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Falk 1986 max - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 0 - -Rule Falk 1996 max - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Falk 1985 2000 - Sep Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Falk 1986 2000 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 0 - +Rule Falk 2001 max - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 0 - +Rule Falk 2001 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Atlantic/Stanley -3:51:24 - LMT 1890 -3:51:24 - SMT 1912 Mar 12 # Stanley Mean Time @@ -607,19 +669,32 @@ Rule Para 1993 only - Mar 31 0:00 0 - Rule Para 1993 1995 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Para 1994 1995 - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule Para 1996 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 - -# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Mar 1; go with Shanks. -Rule Para 1997 only - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 - -Rule Para 1998 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Para 1996 1998 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S -# IATA SSIM (1999-02) says lastSat, not lastSun; (1999-09) reports no date; -# go with Shanks. -Rule Para 1999 max - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 - -# IATA SSIM (2000-02) says 1999-10-10. -Rule Para 1999 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S +# IATA SSIM (2000-02) says 1999-10-10; ignore this for now. # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-02): # I have three independent reports that Paraguay changed to DST this Sunday # (10-01). -Rule Para 2000 max - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S +# +# Translated by Gwillim Law (2001-02-27) from +# <a href="http://www.diarionoticias.com.py/011000/nacional/naciona1.htm"> +# Noticias, a daily paper in Asuncion, Paraguay (2000-10-01) +# </a>: +# Starting at 0:00 today, the clock will be set forward 60 minutes, in +# fulfillment of Decree No. 7,273 of the Executive Power.... The time change +# system has been operating for several years. Formerly there was a separate +# decree each year; the new law has the same effect, but permanently. Every +# year, the time will change on the first Sunday of October; likewise, the +# clock will be set back on the first Sunday of March. +# +# From Jesper Norgaard (2001-03-06) [an official URL saying similar things]: +# http://gateway.abc.com.py:8000/pub/pag04.mbr/artic?FHA=2001-03-03-02.24.52.… +# +Rule Para 1996 max - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S +# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Mar 1; go with Shanks. +Rule Para 1997 only - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 - +# Shanks says 1999-02-28; IATA SSIM (1999-02) says 1999-02-27, but +# (1999-09) reports no date; go with above sources and Gerd Knops (2001-02-27). +Rule Para 1998 max - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - + # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Asuncion -3:50:40 - LMT 1890 -3:50:40 - AMT 1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/systemv,v retrieving revision 2000.8 retrieving revision 2000.8.0.1 diff -pu -r2000.8 -r2000.8.0.1 --- systemv 1993/11/22 20:23:15 2000.8 +++ systemv 2001/03/07 09:05:51 2000.8.0.1 @@ -4,32 +4,47 @@ # No attempt is made to handle Newfoundland, since it cannot be expressed # using the System V "TZ" scheme (half-hour offset), or anything outside # North America (no support for non-standard DST start/end dates), nor -# the change in the DST rules in the US in 1987 (can't split between -# Canada, with no changes, and the US) +# the change in the DST rules in the US in 1987 (which occurred before +# the old rules were written). # -# Be sure to compile this *without* leap second correction for true conformance. +# If you need the old rules, uncomment ## lines and comment-out Link lines. +# Compile this *without* leap second correction for true conformance. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule SystemV min 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D -Rule SystemV min 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S -Rule SystemV 1974 only - Jan 6 2:00 1:00 D -Rule SystemV 1974 only - Nov lastSun 2:00 0 S -Rule SystemV 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00 1:00 D -Rule SystemV 1975 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S -Rule SystemV 1976 max - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D -Rule SystemV 1976 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +## Rule SystemV min 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +## Rule SystemV min 1973 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +## Rule SystemV 1974 only - Jan 6 2:00 1:00 D +## Rule SystemV 1974 only - Nov lastSun 2:00 0 S +## Rule SystemV 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00 1:00 D +## Rule SystemV 1975 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +## Rule SystemV 1976 max - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +## Rule SystemV 1976 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone SystemV/AST4ADT -4:00 SystemV A%sT -Zone SystemV/EST5EDT -5:00 SystemV E%sT -Zone SystemV/CST6CDT -6:00 SystemV C%sT -Zone SystemV/MST7MDT -7:00 SystemV M%sT -Zone SystemV/PST8PDT -8:00 SystemV P%sT -Zone SystemV/YST9YDT -9:00 SystemV Y%sT -Zone SystemV/AST4 -4:00 - AST -Zone SystemV/EST5 -5:00 - EST -Zone SystemV/CST6 -6:00 - CST -Zone SystemV/MST7 -7:00 - MST -Zone SystemV/PST8 -8:00 - PST -Zone SystemV/YST9 -9:00 - YST -Zone SystemV/HST10 -10:00 - HST +## Zone SystemV/AST4ADT -4:00 SystemV A%sT +## Zone SystemV/EST5EDT -5:00 SystemV E%sT +## Zone SystemV/CST6CDT -6:00 SystemV C%sT +## Zone SystemV/MST7MDT -7:00 SystemV M%sT +## Zone SystemV/PST8PDT -8:00 SystemV P%sT +## Zone SystemV/YST9YDT -9:00 SystemV Y%sT +## Zone SystemV/AST4 -4:00 - AST +## Zone SystemV/EST5 -5:00 - EST +## Zone SystemV/CST6 -6:00 - CST +## Zone SystemV/MST7 -7:00 - MST +## Zone SystemV/PST8 -8:00 - PST +## Zone SystemV/YST9 -9:00 - YST +## Zone SystemV/HST10 -10:00 - HST +# For now... +Link America/Halifax SystemV/AST4ADT +Link America/New_York SystemV/EST5EDT +Link America/Chicago SystemV/CST6CDT +Link America/Denver SystemV/MST7MDT +Link America/Los_Angeles SystemV/PST8PDT +Link America/Anchorage SystemV/YST9YDT +Link America/Puerto_Rico SystemV/AST4 +Link America/Indianapolis SystemV/EST5 +Link America/Regina SystemV/CST6 +Link America/Phoenix SystemV/MST7 +Link Pacific/Pitcairn SystemV/PST8 +Link Pacific/Gambier SystemV/YST9 +Link Pacific/Honolulu SystemV/HST10 =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/Theory,v retrieving revision 2000.7 retrieving revision 2000.7.0.1 diff -pu -r2000.7 -r2000.7.0.1 --- Theory 2000/10/10 15:35:08 2000.7 +++ Theory 2001/03/07 09:05:51 2000.7.0.1 @@ -194,9 +194,13 @@ and `Pacific/Honolulu'. Here are the general rules used for choosing location names, in decreasing order of importance: - Use only valid Posix file names. Use only Ascii letters, digits, `.', - `-' and `_'. Do not exceed 14 characters or start with `-'. - E.g. prefer `Brunei' to `Bandar_Seri_Begawan'. + Use only valid POSIX file name components (i.e., the parts of + names other than `/'). Within a file name component, + use only ASCII letters, `.', `-' and `_'. Do not use + digits, as that might create an ambiguity with POSIX + TZ strings. A file name component must not exceed 14 + characters or start with `-'. E.g., prefer `Brunei' + to `Bandar_Seri_Begawan'. Include at least one location per time zone rule set per country. One such location is enough. Use ISO 3166 (see the file iso3166.tab) to help decide whether something is a country. @@ -211,9 +215,9 @@ in decreasing order of importance: or regions, so that any future time zone changes do not split locations into different time zones. E.g. prefer `Paris' to `France', since France has had multiple time zones. - Use traditional English spelling, e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Roma', and + Use mainstream English spelling, e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Roma', and prefer `Athens' to the true name (which uses Greek letters). - The Posix file name restrictions encourage this rule. + The POSIX file name restrictions encourage this rule. Use the most populous among locations in a country's time zone, e.g. prefer `Shanghai' to `Beijing'. Among locations with similar populations, pick the best-known location, @@ -253,25 +257,39 @@ like `EST' to be compatible with human t Here are the general rules used for choosing time zone abbreviations, in decreasing order of importance: - Use abbreviations that consist of 3 or more upper-case Ascii letters, - except use "___" for locations while uninhabited. - Posix.1 requires at least 3 characters, and the restriction to - upper-case Ascii letters follows most traditions. + Use abbreviations that consist of three or more ASCII letters. Previous editions of this database also used characters like ' ' and '?', but these characters have a special meaning to the shell and cause commands like set `date` - to have unexpected effects. In theory, the character set could - be !%./@A-Z^_a-z{}, but these tables use only upper-case - Ascii letters (and "___"). + to have unexpected effects. + Previous editions of this rule required upper-case letters, + but the Congressman who introduced Chamorro Standard Time + preferred "ChST", so the rule has been relaxed. + + This rule guarantees that all abbreviations could have + been specified by a POSIX.1 TZ string. POSIX.1 + requires at least three characters for an + abbreviation. POSIX.1-1996 says that an abbreviation + cannot start with ':', and cannot contain ',', '-', + '+', NUL, or a digit. Draft 5 of POSIX 1003.1-200x + changes this rule to say that an abbreviation can + contain only '-', '+', and alphanumeric characters in + the current locale. To be portable to both sets of + rules, an abbreviation must therefore use only ASCII + letters, as these are the only letters that are + alphabetic in all locales. + Use abbreviations that are in common use among English-speakers, e.g. `EST' for Eastern Standard Time in North America. We assume that applications translate them to other languages as part of the normal localization process; for example, a French application might translate `EST' to `HNE'. + For zones whose times are taken from a city's longitude, use the traditional xMT notation, e.g. `PMT' for Paris Mean Time. The only name like this in current use is `GMT'. + If there is no common English abbreviation, abbreviate the English translation of the usual phrase used by native speakers. If this is not available or is a phrase mentioning the country @@ -286,6 +304,9 @@ in decreasing order of importance: and then append `T', `ST', etc. as before; e.g. `VLAST' for VLAdivostok Summer Time. + Use "zzz" for locations while uninhabited. The mnemonic is that + these locations are, in some sense, asleep. + Application writers should note that these abbreviations are ambiguous in practice: e.g. `EST' has a different meaning in Australia than it does in the United States. In new applications, it's often better =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/tz-link.htm,v retrieving revision 2000.8 retrieving revision 2000.8.0.1 diff -pu -r2000.8 -r2000.8.0.1 --- tz-link.htm 2000/12/14 20:33:37 2000.8 +++ tz-link.htm 2001/03/07 09:05:51 2000.8.0.1 @@ -34,7 +34,17 @@ It is updated periodically to reflect ch to UTC offsets and daylight-saving rules. This database (often called <samp>tz</samp> or <samp>zoneinfo</samp>) is used by several implementations, -including BSD, DJGPP, GNU/Linux, HP-UX, IRIX, Solaris, and UnixWare. +including +<a href="http://www.linux.org/">GNU/Linux</a>, +<a href="http://www.freebsd.org/">FreeBSD</a>, +<a href="http://www.netbsd.org/">NetBSD</a>, +<a href="http://www.openbsd.org/">OpenBSD</a>, +<a href="http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/">DJGPP</a>, +<a href="http://unix.hp.com/operating/">HP-UX</a>, +<a href="http://www.sgi.com/developers/technology/irix.html">IRIX</a>, +<a href="http://www.sco.com/products/openserver/">SCO OpenServer</a>, +<a href="http://www.sun.com/solaris/">Solaris</a>, and +<a href="http://www.sco.com/unixware/">UnixWare</a>. In the <samp>tz</samp> database's <a href="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/">FTP distribution</a>, the code is in the file <samp>tzcode<var>C</var>.tar.gz</samp>, @@ -107,9 +117,9 @@ Microsoft Windows 95/98/NT4 program.</li <h2>Other time zone databases</h2> <ul> <li><a href="http://www.astro.ch/cgi-bin/atlw3/aq.cgi?lang=e">Astrodienst -Online - Atlas Query</a> is Astrodienst's Web version of Shanks's +- Atlas Query</a> is Astrodienst's Web version of Shanks's excellent time zone history atlases published in both <a -href="http://astrocom.com/software/ACS_PC_Atlas.htm">computer</a> and <a +href="http://astrocom.com/software/pcatlas.html">computer</a> and <a href="http://astrocom.com/books/xrefa.htm#SHANKS">book</a> form by <a href="http://astrocom.com/">Astro Communications Services</a>.</li> <li><a href="http://worldtime.com/">WORLDTIME: interactive atlas, @@ -120,23 +130,22 @@ and public holidays in several hundred c contains data from the Time Service Department of the US Naval Observatory (USNO), used as the source for the <samp>usno*</samp> files in the <samp>tz</samp> distribution.</li> -<li>The USNO Astronomical Applications Department publishes answers to -<a href="http://aa.usno.navy.mil/AA/faq/">Frequently Asked Questions</a> -about time zones and daylight saving time.</li> <li>The <a href="http://www.iata.org/">International Air Transport Association</a> -publishes the IATA Standard Schedules Information Manual (SSIM), +publishes the <a href="http://www.iata.org/sked/ssim.htm">Standard +Schedules Information Manual</a>, which gives current time zone rules for all the airports served by commercial aviation.</li> </ul> <h2>Maps</h2> <ul> -<li>The United States Central Intelligence Agency publishes a <a +<li>The <a href="http://www.odci.gov/">United States Central +Intelligence Agency (CIA)</a> publishes a <a href="http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/reference/Low%20res%20PDF/low…">time zone map</a>; the <a href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/Libs/PCL/Map_collection/world_maps.html"> Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection</a> -of the University of Texas at Austin has on-line copies of +of the University of Texas at Austin has copies of recent editions. The pictorial quality is good, but the maps do not indicate summer time, @@ -145,11 +154,28 @@ and parts of the data are a few years ou current time</a> has several fancy time zone maps; it covers Russia particularly well. The maps' pictorial quality is not quite as good as the CIA's -and (as usual with maps) the maps are not quite up to date.</li> +but the maps are more up to date.</li> <li><a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/">World Time Server</a> has a separate little outline map for each region of each country that currently observes a different time.</li> </ul> +<h2>Time zone boundaries</h2> +<ul> +<li>Manifold.net's <a +href="http://www.manifold.net/download/freemaps.html">Free Maps and +GIS Data</a> includes a Manifold-format map of world time zone +boundaries distributed under the <a +href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html">GNU General Public License +(GPL)</a>. The GeoCommunity's <a +href="http://software.geocomm.com/data/intl_timezones.html">International +Time Zones</a> publishes the same data in other formats.</li> +<li>The US Geological Survey's National Atlas of the United States +publishes the <a href="http://www.nationalatlas.gov/timeznm.html">Time +Zones of the United States</a> in the public domain.</li> +<li>The GeoCommunity lists several commercial sources for <a +href="http://spatialnews.geocomm.com/features/timezones/">International +Time Zones and Time Zone Data</a>.</li> +</ul> <h2>Daylight saving time concepts and history</h2> <ul> <li><a href="http://webexhibits.com/daylightsaving/">About Daylight @@ -173,13 +199,18 @@ records <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/De hreflang="pt-BR">Brazil's daylight saving time decrees (in Portuguese)</a>.</dd> <dt>Germany</dt> -<dd>The National Institute for Science and Technology maintains <a -href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">a history of -German legal time</a>.</dd> +<dd>The National Institute for Science and Technology maintains the <a +href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">Realisation of +Legal Time in Germany</a>.</dd> <dt>Israel</dt> <dd>The Ministry of Interior periodically issues <a href="ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements" hreflang="he">announcements (in Hebrew)</a>.</dd> +<dt>Mexico</dt> +<dd>The Investigation and Analysis Service of the Mexican Library of +Congress has published a <a +href="http://www.cddhcu.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/" +hreflang="es">history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)</a>.</dd> <dt>United Kingdom</dt> <dd><a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/">History of @@ -189,6 +220,10 @@ with perhaps the best-documented history </ul> <h2>Precision timekeeping</h2> <ul> +<li><a +href="http://literature.agilent.com/litwebbin/purl.cgi?org_id=tmo&pub_id=5965…">The +Science of Timekeeping</a> is an excellent and thorough introduction +to the theory and practice of precision timekeeping.</li> <li><a href="http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~ntp/">Time Server</a> discusses the Network Time Protocol (NTP), used to synchronize clocks of Internet hosts.</li> @@ -199,8 +234,8 @@ answers questions like "What is the diff href="http://sadira.gb.nrao.edu/~rfisher/Ephemerides/times.html">Astronomical Times</a> explains more abstruse astronomical time scales like TT, TCG, and TDB.</li> -<li><a href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/basics/bsf2-3.htm">Earth -and Its Reference Systems</a> +<li><a href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/basics/bsf2-3.htm">Basics of +Space Flight - Reference Systems - Time Conventions</a> briefly explains interplanetary space flight timekeeping.</li> <li><a href="http://hpiers.obspm.fr/webiers/results/bul/README.html">Bulletins of IERS</a> contains official publications of the @@ -209,11 +244,12 @@ when leap seconds occur.</li> <li>The <a href="http://clockdev.usno.navy.mil/archives/leapsecs.html">Leap Second Discussion List</a> covers <a -href="http://www.gisdevelopment.net/reference/scie/s_t_41_50.htm#47">McCarthy -and Klepczynski's proposal to remove leap seconds</a>, currently -being studied by a <a -href="http://www.intec.rug.ac.be/Research/Projects/ursi/Commissions.html">URSI -Commission J</a> working group, and the <a href="http://www.iau.org/">IAU</a> +href="http://clockdev.usno.navy.mil/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A3=ind00&L=leapsecs&P=…">McCarthy +and Klepczynski's proposal to remove leap seconds</a> +(which requires discussion list membership to read). +This proposal is being studied by the URSI Commission J <a +href="http://space.mit.edu/URSI/leapsecond.html">Working Group on the +Leap Second</a>, and the <a href="http://www.iau.org/">IAU</a> has plans to report on this proposal by 2003.</li> </ul> <h2>Time notation</h2> =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/zdump.c,v retrieving revision 1999.1 retrieving revision 1999.1.0.1 diff -pu -r1999.1 -r1999.1.0.1 --- zdump.c 1999/01/19 21:20:08 1999.1 +++ zdump.c 2001/03/07 09:05:51 1999.1.0.1 @@ -263,9 +263,8 @@ _("%s: usage is %s [ -v ] [ -c cutoff ] show(argv[i], t, TRUE); } if (fflush(stdout) || ferror(stdout)) { - (void) fprintf(stderr, _("%s: Error writing "), - argv[0]); - (void) perror(_("standard output")); + (void) fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", argv[0]); + (void) perror(_("Error writing standard output")); (void) exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/zone.tab,v retrieving revision 2000.8 retrieving revision 2000.8.0.1 diff -pu -r2000.8 -r2000.8.0.1 --- zone.tab 2000/12/14 20:33:34 2000.8 +++ zone.tab 2001/03/07 09:05:51 2000.8.0.1 @@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ AQ -6448-06406 Antarctica/Palmer Palmer AQ -6736+06253 Antarctica/Mawson Mawson Station, Holme Bay AQ -6835+07758 Antarctica/Davis Davis Station, Vestfold Hills AQ -6617+11031 Antarctica/Casey Casey Station, Bailey Peninsula +AQ -7824+10654 Antarctica/Vostok Vostok Station, S Magnetic Pole AQ -6640+14001 Antarctica/DumontDUrville Dumont-d'Urville Base, Terre Adelie AQ -690022+0393524 Antarctica/Syowa Syowa Station, E Ongul I AR -3436-05827 America/Buenos_Aires E Argentina (BA, DF, SC, TF) @@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ AU -3133+15905 Australia/Lord_Howe Lord AU -4253+14719 Australia/Hobart Tasmania AU -3749+14458 Australia/Melbourne Victoria AU -3352+15113 Australia/Sydney New South Wales - most locations -AU -3157+14127 Australia/Broken_Hill New South Wales - Broken Hill +AU -3157+14127 Australia/Broken_Hill New South Wales - Yancowinna AU -2728+15302 Australia/Brisbane Queensland - most locations AU -2016+14900 Australia/Lindeman Queensland - Holiday Islands AU -3455+13835 Australia/Adelaide South Australia @@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ BR -0846-06354 America/Porto_Velho W Par BR +0249-06040 America/Boa_Vista Roraima BR -0308-06001 America/Manaus E Amazonas BR -0640-06952 America/Eirunepe W Amazonas -BR -0934-06731 America/Porto_Acre Acre +BR -0958-06748 America/Rio_Branco Acre BS +2505-07721 America/Nassau BT +2728+08939 Asia/Thimphu BW -2545+02555 Africa/Gaborone @@ -227,8 +228,7 @@ LV +5657+02406 Europe/Riga LY +3254+01311 Africa/Tripoli MA +3339-00735 Africa/Casablanca MC +4342+00723 Europe/Monaco -MD +4700+02850 Europe/Chisinau most locations -MD +4651+02938 Europe/Tiraspol Transdniestria +MD +4700+02850 Europe/Chisinau MG -1855+04731 Indian/Antananarivo MH +0709+17112 Pacific/Majuro most locations MH +0905+16720 Pacific/Kwajalein Kwajalein

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RE: Daylight saving time in Mexico City, Durango, etc.: the plot thickens
by Jesper Nørgaard March 7, 2001

March 7, 2001

Thank you for this most interesting resume! There were several pieces of information I had not seen before, particularly that Baja California, Chihuahua and Nuevo León are trying to maintain US DST rules. I was aware of the telephone poll in Distrito Federal (Center of Mexico City) where DST was losing 3 to 1. But which result would it give to make a poll if we should continue paying tax? Probably not the most reasonable option, but rather the most convenient option (not paying tax). Everybody I have spoken to here agree that having no DST in Distrito Federal, but DST in the nearby Estado de Mexico where I live, is absolutely the worst possible scenario, much worse than having no DST in all of Mexico, or having Fox' 5-months DST in all of Mexico. Actually my wife who works in the Mexico City airport would have to adjust her clock each day coming to work, and leaving again. Or maybe she would only have to adjust while travelling, since the airport as one of the few federal bastions, will still keep DST no matter if it is located in the middle of Distrito Federal which would not use DST. The article http://www.reforma.com//nacional/articulo/077173/ mentions that March 6 at 14:00 CST López Obrador handed in the formal complaint just one hour before deadline, and that the President of the Court has promised that the case will be resolved in no more than 57 days (e.g. just before Fox' daylight saving change enters in vigor). This is unusual since most cases to this Supreme Court are not resolved until one year after. May you live in interesting times, say a chinese proverb ... seems to me the politicians down here have no important issues to spend their time on :-) judging from their actions. Regards, Jesper Nørgaard Welen Email: jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx Programador/Analista CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Dirección: CIMMYT Int. c/o Jesper Nørgaard Km. 45, Carretera México-Veracruz El Batán Texcoco, Edo. de México CP 56130 MEXICO Tel.: +52 (5) 58-04-20-04 ext. 1374 Fax: +52 (5) 58-04-75-58 Tel. Casa: 53-10-05-95 ó 53-10-97-78 CIMMYT home page: http://cimmyt.cgiar.org Check out my free program World Time Explorer: http://timezone50.homepage.com ---------- From: Paul Eggert[SMTP:eggert@twinsun.com] Sent: Domingo 4 de Marzo de 2001 9:07 To: tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov Subject: Daylight saving time in Mexico City, Durango, etc.: the plot thickens The following article in yesterday's Los Angeles Times has several bits of information about the new daylight saving rules in Mexico: James F. Smith Confusion Is the Watchword as Mexico Tinkers With Time http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/20010303/t000018766.html Among other things, the article says: * Sonora will not adopt DST, to keep in sync with Arizona. This is as before. * Other border states, including Baja California, Chihuahua, and Nuevo Leon, will go on DST on the first Sunday in April, to keep in sync with the US. Presumably they will also use US rules in the fall. * Last weekend, Mexico City conducted an unusual telephone referendum and callers (about 5% of registered voters) voted 3:1 against DST. The mayor, Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, then decreed last week that the Federal District will not adopt DST. * The federal government says that federal facilities in the Federal District (is that enough "federals" for you?) will use DST despite Lopez Obrador's decree. This includes banks, hospitals, and the airport. Also, schools fall under federal rules and will use DST. * 4 (out of 16) district leaders in Mexico City have announced that they will ignore the mayor's decree. * Lopez Obrador has said he'll file a Supreme Court challenge to the federal DST rules, arguing that the president does not have the constitutional authority to impose DST by decree. The Mexico City confusion stems from a political dispute between Lopez Obrador and Mexican president Vicente Fox. Here's the last two sentences of the article, which pretty well sums up the situation: Carlos Marin, a columnist in the daily Milenio, wrote that the dispute "descends into the arena of the absurd. One merely has to imagine what it will be like to cross one of the hundreds of streets that pass through different districts of the capital and find oneself with one hour more, or less, to eat, work, go to a movie or die." Smith doesn't list the other border states that will use the US rules, but my guess is that Coahuila, Tamaulipas, and Durango (the last a non-border state) will also observe US DST rules, as those states have all agreed with Nuevo Leon since 1970. I'd certainly welcome any better info. This reminds me of a similar dispute in Rio de Janeiro some time ago, in which the mayor backed down after the city endured a day of balkanized time zones. It's one thing to run a small town like Pangnirtung like that; it's quite another thing to do it with a major metropolis like Mexico City.

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RE: DST in Paraguay
by Jesper Nørgaard March 7, 2001

March 7, 2001

Sorry for the inconvenience, I didn't think that these pages were so volatile or else I would have pasted in the text directly. I found the article again under another name, which I presume will last a bit longer: http://gateway.abc.com.py:8000/pub/pag04.mbr/artic?FHA=2001-03-03-02.24.52.… even though the March Index doesn't seem to work, but here is the full text pasted into this email: 2001-03-03-02.24 La hora oficial se atrasa sesenta minutos mañana desde la 0 hora Desde mañana, a la hora cero, deberá ser atrasada la hora oficial 60 minutos en todo el territorio de la República para adecuarla a las variaciones climáticas, según el decreto respectivo de fecha 26 de enero del año pasado firmado por el presidente Luis González Macchi y refrendado por el entonces ministro del Interior, Walter Bower. La parte resolutiva de la disposición oficial expresa que a partir del primer domingo del mes de marzo de cada año se debe atrasar 60 minutos la hora oficial y que el primer domingo del mes de octubre se debe adelantar también 60 minutos en todo el país. En los considerandos de la disposición gubernamental se destaca que ''es objetivo del gobierno nacional fijar definitivamente las variaciones horarias que se tienen que realizar con el cambio de las estaciones climáticas, atendiendo a que los habitantes de la República administren con suficiente antelación las variaciones horarias''. Además, señala ''que por ello deben establecerse los cambios de hora oficial de una sola vez evitando así la incertidumbre que se produce durante las fechas en que se modifica la hora oficial''. Regards, Jesper Nørgaard Welen Email: jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx Programador/Analista CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Dirección: CIMMYT Int. c/o Jesper Nørgaard Km. 45, Carretera México-Veracruz El Batán Texcoco, Edo. de México CP 56130 MEXICO Tel.: +52 (5) 58-04-20-04 ext. 1374 Fax: +52 (5) 58-04-75-58 Tel. Casa: 53-10-05-95 ó 53-10-97-78 CIMMYT home page: http://cimmyt.cgiar.org Check out my free program World Time Explorer: http://timezone50.homepage.com ---------- From: Paul Eggert[SMTP:eggert@twinsun.com] Sent: Lunes 5 de Marzo de 2001 7:34 To: jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx Cc: gwil(a)mindspring.com Subject: Re: DST in Paraguay > Date: Sat, 03 Mar 2001 02:14:55 -0600 > From: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Jesper_N=F8rgaard?= <jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx> > > I found the link http://www.diarioabc.com.py/eco02.htm about this issue Thanks. Unfortunately, that link talks about meat quotas now; I guess its contents must change often. I'll include the diarionoticias.com.py link in my next proposed patch, as it seems stable.

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Nunavut
by Rives McDow March 6, 2001

March 6, 2001

Dear Arthur, The premier of Nunavut has issued a ministerial statement advising that effective April 1, 2001, the territory of Nunavut will revert back to three time zones (mountain, central, and eastern). Of the cities in Nunavut, Coral Harbor is the only one that I know of that has said it will not observe dst, staying on EST year round. I'm checking for more info, and will get back to you if I come up with more. Rives

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