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RE: Additional Greenland time zone
by Jesper Nørgaard Sept. 29, 2001

Sept. 29, 2001

Actually, my speaking danish helped me to find another page which is more recent than Steffens page, and which mentions the time zone change in March 2001. Besides it is part of the web pages of the government in Greenland. But the information corresponds to Steffens information. Unfortunately it doesn't mention the GMT offset of each area. Greenland has been under Home Rule (sort of independence) but somewhat supported economically by the Danish Government during many years. Foreign policy has always been administered by the danish government, so that is why I am a bit puzzled that the 'europe' file says that Greenland left EU 1985-02-01, but they are still following EU time zone rules. There is still one representative from Greenland in the danish parliament (folketinget), which is elected at each danish election, thus coordinating the election dates of Denmark to be followed strictly in Greenland. On the page http://www.epr.gl/government/welcome.htm you can scroll down to the little sun which says "sommertid" and entering this goes to http://www.epr.gl/government/dk_pressrel/160301_sommertid.html which has the following text, with my translation in english: ========================== Sommertid starter ::Summer time starts Så nærmer tiden sig, hvor sommeren er tilbage og der skal skiftes fra vintertid til sommertid. :: Now the time approaches, when the summer is back and it is necessary to :: shift from winter time to summer time. Søndag den 25. marts, 2001, skal der skiftes til sommertid. Der skiftes officielt natten mellem lørdag og søndag. :: Sunday the 25.th. of March, 2001, it is necessary to shift to summer time. :: The official change happens the night between Saturday and Sunday. Det betyder, at Lørdag den 24. marts klokken 22.00 skal klokken stilles een time frem til klokken 23.00. :: This means that Saturday March 24 at 22:00 o'clock the time will be set one :: hour ahead to 23:00 o'clock. For Ittoqqortoormiit starter sommertiden Søndag den 25. marts klokken 00.00, hvor klokken stilles een time frem til klokken 01.00. :: For Ittoqqortoormiit the summer time starts Sunday March 25 at 0:00 o'clock, :: where the time will be set one hour ahead to 1:00 o'clock. For så vidt angår Danmarkshavn og forsvarsområdet ved Pituffik er der ikke indført sommertid. :: Concerning Danmarkshavn and the defense area at Pituffik there has not :: been implemented summer time. ========================== So the main changes are a new time zone Danmarkshavn with GMT+0 with no DST, and that the time zone America/Thule no longer uses summer time. As a personal comment, maybe the Pituffik air base (Thule) is internally using US daylight saving by the american personnel, while the local population nearby does not use summer time, as documented by the forementioned web pages. If that is the case, I don't know if we would make two different time zones for Thule ... but this is all highly speculative. Regards, Jesper Nørgaard Welen Email: jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx Programador/Analista CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Dirección: CIMMYT Int. c/o Jesper Nørgaard Km. 45, Carretera México-Veracruz El Batán Texcoco, Edo. de México CP 56130 MEXICO Tel.: +52 (5) 58-04-20-04 ext. 1374 Fax: +52 (5) 58-04-75-58 Tel. Casa: 53-10-05-95 ó 53-10-97-78 CIMMYT home page: http://cimmyt.cgiar.org Check out my free program World Time Explorer: http://www20.Brinkster.com/timezone50/index.htm http://members.theglobe.com/timezone50/index.htm ---------- From: Steffen Thorsen[SMTP:straenn@thorsen.priv.no] Sent: Miércoles 6 de Junio de 2001 15:01 To: Time Zone List Subject: Re: Additional Greenland time zone On Wed, 6 Jun 2001, Gwillim Law wrote: > Does anyone out there speak Norwegian or Danish? Most of your translations are correct already, but here goes... > Sommertiden begjynner den 24. mars 2001. Grønland har 4 lokale tider, og i relasjon til UTC gjelder følgende tidslinje: DST starts on 24 March 2001. Greenland has 4 different local times, and compared to UTC these are: > Forsvarsområdet ved Thule UTC-4 The military zone/area near Thule > Grønlandsk normaltid UTC-3 > Scoresby-sund UTC-1 > Danmarks-havn UTC > Danmark (Mellem-europæisk tid) UTC+1 > Sommertid innføres som følger: DST will be introduced as follows: > 1. Grønlandsk normaltid: Den 24. mars 2001 kl. 2200 stilles uret frem til kl. 2300. Greenland normal time: 24 March 2001 at 2200 the clock is turned forward to 2300 > 2. Scoresbysund: Den 25. mars 2001 kl. 0000 stilles uret frem til kl. 0100. Scoresbysund: 25 March 2001 at 0000 the clocks are turned forward to 0100 > 3. I forsvarsområdet ved Thule samt i Danmarkshavn innføres det ikke sommertid." In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be introduced. > What I make of this is: Greenland Summer time begins on 24 March 2001. Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC is according to the following time line: [the following five items are aligned horizontally] > Thule and environs [?] UTC-4 > Standard Greenland time UTC-3 > Scoresbysund UTC-1 > Danmarkshavn UTC > Denmark (Central European Time) UTC+1 > Summer time [...?] > 1. Standard Greenland time: on 24 March 2001 at 22:00 change the clock to 23:00 [?] > 2. Scoresbysund: on 25 March 2001 at 00:00 change the clock to 01:00 > 3. In the environs of Thule together with Danmarkshavn [...?]." > > Here's an excerpt from another page <http://www.gh.gl/kn/news/govern/ukiunalun.htm>, probably in Danish: > > "Vintertid fra på søndag den 31. oktober > Uret stilles en time tilbage > Natten mellem lørdag og søndag den 31. oktober 1999 slutter sommertiden. Der skiftes officielt lørdag den 30. oktober 1999 kl. 23:00. Det betyder, at vi kl. 23:00 stiller klokken en time tilbage til kl. 22:00. > For Ittoqqortoormiit slutter sommertiden søndag den 31. oktober 1999 kl. 01:00, hvor klokken stilles een time tilbage til kl. 00:00. > For Danmarkshavn og i forsvarsområdet i Pituffik er der ikke indført sommertid/vintertid." > > It looks as if this means that in most of Greenland, the clock turned back from 30 October 1999 23:00 to 22:00. In Ittoqqortoormiit (= Scoresbysund), it went from 31 October 1999 01:00 to 00:00. In Danmarkshavn and Pituffik (= Thule), something else happened, but I can't tell what. The last line is: In Danmarkshavn and the military zone/area in Pituffik DST is not observed (i.e. there is no change on 31 October). -- Steffen Thorsen <steffen(a)thorsen.priv.no> <steffent(a)pvv.ntnu.no> http://www.thorsen.priv.no

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Fernando do Noronha
by Jesper Nørgaard Sept. 29, 2001

Sept. 29, 2001

I have one doubt about the time zone decree in Brazil. How will Pernambuco handle Fernando do Noronha? The little island was on GMT-2 without DST while it's administrative big brother Pernambuco state was on GMT-3. Since Pernambuco state is now on GMT-3 with DST, it would be logical to presume that Fernando do Noronha would be going on GMT-2 with DST, but time zone decisions are not always logical in that sense. Maybe they will just stay on GMT-2 without DST on Fernando do Noronha. Any information about this would be appreciated. Regards, Jesper Nørgaard Welen Email: jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx Project Leader (Líder de Proyecto) Software CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Dirección: CIMMYT Int. c/o Jesper Nørgaard Km. 45, Carretera México-Veracruz El Batán Texcoco, Edo. de México CP 56130 MEXICO Tel.: +52 (5) 58-04-20-04 ext. 1374 Fax: +52 (5) 58-04-75-58 Tel. Casa: 53-10-05-95 ó 53-10-97-78 CIMMYT home page: http://cimmyt.cgiar.org Check out my free program World Time Explorer: http://www20.Brinkster.com/timezone50/index.htm http://tz.freewebsites.com/index.htm

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DST in Brazil
by Jesper Nørgaard Sept. 28, 2001

Sept. 28, 2001

=== Quote Begin ========================================== From: Rives McDow <rmcdow(a)enteles.com> Date: Wed, 19 Sep 2001 14:31:53 -0700 To: elsie <tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov> Subject: Brazil The Brazilian government issued a new decree, No. 3,916, on 9/13/01 announcing this season's dst. The dates are 10/14/01 to 2/17/02. Some states not previously observing dst, notably Alagoas, Ceare, Maranhao, Paraiba, Piaui, Rio Grande do Norte, and Sergipe, will observe dst this year. === Quote End ========================================== It seems that Pernambuco is also a newcomer to the states using DST, which with the above list will mean 8 states will be adopting DST again (?). As far as I remember they have all been on DST before. Regards, Jesper Nørgaard Welen Email: jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx Project Leader (Líder de Proyecto) Software CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Dirección: CIMMYT Int. c/o Jesper Nørgaard Km. 45, Carretera México-Veracruz El Batán Texcoco, Edo. de México CP 56130 MEXICO Tel.: +52 (5) 58-04-20-04 ext. 1374 Fax: +52 (5) 58-04-75-58 Tel. Casa: 53-10-05-95 ó 53-10-97-78 CIMMYT home page: http://cimmyt.cgiar.org Check out my free program World Time Explorer: http://www20.Brinkster.com/timezone50/index.htm http://tz.freewebsites.com/index.htm

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FW: Brazil
by Olson, Arthur David (NCI) Sept. 27, 2001

Sept. 27, 2001

-----Original Message----- From: Rives McDow [mailto:rmcdow@enteles.com] Sent: Wednesday, September 26, 2001 11:44 AM To: Paul Eggert; Olson, Arthur David (NCI) Subject: FW: Brazil Dear Paul and Arthur, I sent this to the list on the 19th and it didn't show up. It possibly may have been my server, as I just tried to send it again to Paul, and it bounced back. Rives ---------- From: Rives McDow <rmcdow(a)enteles.com> Date: Wed, 19 Sep 2001 14:31:53 -0700 To: elsie <tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov> Subject: Brazil The Brazilian government issued a new decree, No. 3,916, on 9/13/01 announcing this season's dst. The dates are 10/14/01 to 2/17/02. Some states not previously observing dst, notably Alagoas, Ceare, Maranhao, Paraiba, Piaui, Rio Grande do Norte, and Sergipe, will observe dst this year. More detailed information is available on Brazil's government site at: www.presidencia.gov.br under the link Legislaçåo, then Decretos, then 2001, then go to the link for decree 3,916 to read the decree (in Portugese). Rives

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Re: Corrections of zone.tab for CN entries
by yaoz＠vidar.niaaa.nih.gov Sept. 24, 2001

Sept. 24, 2001

> From eggert(a)twinsun.com Mon Sep 24 13:53:11 2001 > > > Date: Mon, 24 Sep 2001 00:25:08 -0400 (EDT) > > From: <yaoz(a)vidar.niaaa.nih.gov> > > > > 1. City names are in old form. Now there is a standard way (pinyin) > > to write it and it should be used; > > The tz database uses the most common spelling in ordinary English. > For example, it uses "Rome", even though "Roma" is the correct Italian > name. When I first added those entries, the pinyin method was not the > most common spelling in English, and my impression is that "Chungking" > and "Kashgar" are still quite commonly used in English, so it's not > entirely clear to me that the time is right to switch to pinyin. > (If I'm incorrect about this, please let me know.) I think "Kashgar" or "Kaxgar" is still widely used but "Chungking" is not. (I was born in "Chongqing", and have never seen people spell it like "Chungking" these days, maybe I can find that spelling in historical books). It seems to me modern English dictionaries published in US have switched to pinyin already. > However, I think it's quite reasonable to support both spellings, and > so I'll add aliases for the pinyin spellings in my next proposed patch. That is better. > > 2. Comments are not quite right. This may due to the historic > > reasons. Because of these problems, when users in China are > > presented a form to pick a time zone, they are very confused. > > How about if we make the following change for now? > > CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai most locations > CN +4545+12641 Asia/Harbin Heilongjiang > CN +2934+10635 Asia/Chungking China mountains > CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Tibet & most of Xinjiang > CN +3929+07559 Asia/Kashgar Eastern Turkestan The way I submitted to you is following examples of US. That is "time - state (province)". My comments for above are: a. Urumqi is in Xinjiang so it maybe better say "Xinjiang & Tibet". b. Kashgar is also in Xinjiang and there is no such region as "Eastern Turkestan". That region is commonly call "Southern Xinjiang". It seems to me those entries exists because historically, they are in different time zones (as you specified in "asia" file). But I've seen Linux users in China wondering "Why Shanghai, Harbin, etc. are picked up but not Beijing or my city? We always refer to the standard time as 'Beijing Time' after all.". > I'm not sure about using the label "Beijing Time" for all of these > locations. (Don't people say "China time" more often than "Beijing > Time"?) Ideally the five entries would clearly delineate the > boundaries between the five regions of China that have different time > zone histories, but I don't have that information to hand right now. On TV, radio, it is always saying "It is now 20' clock Beijing Time." I haven't heard of "China time" before. BTW, your 'asia' data file is really interesting. I've learned a lot from it. I've never realized that China has used different time zones before. That is why I often get confused when I was travelling in US at first. Now I get used to it, I maybe as well get confused again when I travels back in China. For example, I may end up have to get up at 7am in Shanghai, and get up at 11am in Xinjiang. In 'asia', you are saying before 1980, there are still 5 timezones in China. That doesn't seems to be the case to my experience. My family lived in Chongqing, Shanghai since 60s. I don't recall any time zone change. Let me do some research later. I have a Chinese Encyclopedia CD somewhere. I hope I can find more info on this topic. Thank you very much for your reply. Best regards, Yao Zhang

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FW: Corrections of zone.tab for CN entries
by Olson, Arthur David (NCI) Sept. 24, 2001

Sept. 24, 2001

Yao Zhang is not on the time zone mailing list; direct replies appropriately. --ado -----Original Message----- From: yaoz(a)vidar.niaaa.nih.gov [mailto:yaoz@vidar.niaaa.nih.gov] Sent: Monday, September 24, 2001 12:25 AM To: tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov Subject: Corrections of zone.tab for CN entries Hi, Thanks for the effort to maintain the tz packages. Recently, I've seen people complain that in file zone.tab, entries regarding China (CN) are not right. They are: CN +4545+12641 Asia/Harbin north Manchuria CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai China coast CN +2934+10635 Asia/Chungking China mountains CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Tibet & Xinjiang CN +3929+07559 Asia/Kashgar Eastern Turkestan There are several problems: 1. City names are in old form. Now there is a standard way (pinyin) to write it and it should be used; 2. Comments are not quite right. This may due to the historic reasons. Because of these problems, when users in China are presented a form to pick a time zone, they are very confused. To correct this, the first thing should be noted is that there is only ONE timezone in China. This is well documentd in file asia. Second, to reflect the current practice, zone.tab may be modified as: CN +4545+12641 Asia/Harbin Beijing Time - Heilongjiang CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai Beijing Time CN +2934+10635 Asia/Chongqing Beijing Time - Sichuan CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Beijing Time - Xinjiang CN +3929+07559 Asia/Kashi Beijing Time - Xinjiang Or just one Beijin Time entry. But I really don't know how zone.tab and asia files are related to each other. So the above changes should only be a reference. Best regards, Yao Zhang

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why?
by SLLFunk＠aol.com Sept. 24, 2001

Sept. 24, 2001

To Whom it may concern: Every year I dread daylight savings time. I understand why this started many years ago but I do not understand why it continues. Everyone I talk to makes the same comments. We would all prefer it to stay light outside later at night and no one minds it being dark in the morning. I think we should eliminate daylight savings time and if we are going to change the clocks at all we should turn them ahead in the fall and back in the spring. It is backwards now! If you are not the correct person to email about this can you please forward this email to that person or send me their email? If this is determined by each individual state, I would be concerned with CT and NY. I would like to start a petition to change this practice and I need to know how many names would be considered significant, if they can be from different states across the country and where to send it. Thank you, Stefanie

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Time zone files
by Warnock, Vance (CRTUSW) Sept. 20, 2001

Sept. 20, 2001

I was wondering if you had discontinued the posting of the timezone files in the /pub directory on the ftp site. I seem to be locked out of the site. Vance Warnock Concert Data Warehouse 719-457-6856 Ph 719-457-6899 Fax 601-6856 CVNS

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Brazil
by Rives McDow Sept. 19, 2001

Sept. 19, 2001

The Brazilian government issued a new decree, No. 3,916, on 9/13/01 announcing this season's dst. The dates are 10/14/01 to 2/17/02. Some states not previously observing dst, notably Alagoas, Ceare, Maranhao, Paraiba, Piaui, Rio Grande do Norte, and Sergipe, will observe dst this year. More detailed information is available on Brazil's government site at: www.presidencia.gov.br under the link Legislaçåo, then Decretos, then 2001, then go to the link for decree 3,916 to read the decree (in Portugese). Rives

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Congrees will decide DST in Mexico
by Jesper Nørgaard Sept. 6, 2001

Sept. 6, 2001

Just yesterday I tripped over an article in the mexican newspaper Reforma (web version) that the court case about who have authority about summer time has been settled. The case was set forward on March 6 by the Capital Chief of Government Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) stating that these matters fall outside the authority of the mexican president Vicente Fox. Fox sent a counter case April 5 2001 to nullify the initiatives of AMLO. The decision yesterday apparently settles both cases. The link in spanish I found is http://www.reforma.com.mx/nacional/articulo/122976 The unanimous conclusion by the 10 judges of the Supreme Court of Mexico was that these matters must be settled under the authority of the Congress, not by the president of the republic or by local authorities (like AMLO). You might consider this somewhat a technical draw between president Fox and Capital Government Chief AMLO, but this didn't stop AMLO from celebrating the decision and cheering that this puts a stop on Fox' seizing of power in matters that should be settled by the mexican Congress. We will have to wait and see what Congress decides in these matters, for instance if the stipulated leaving DST Last Sunday of September still stands or not, and if exceptions in different states will be allowed (such as Sonora and Baja California Norte). I am sure this is only the beginning of hefty debates in mexican Congress about the time zone matters. I will return with more material if I found some, about how this case develops. Regards, Jesper Nørgaard Welen 2001-09-06 Jesper Nørgaard Welen Email: jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx Project Leader (Líder de Proyecto) Software CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Dirección: CIMMYT Int. c/o Jesper Nørgaard Km. 45, Carretera México-Veracruz El Batán Texcoco, Edo. de México CP 56130 MEXICO Tel.: +52 (5) 58-04-20-04 ext. 1374 Fax: +52 (5) 58-04-75-58 Tel. Casa: 53-10-05-95 ó 53-10-97-78 CIMMYT home page: http://cimmyt.cgiar.org Check out my free program World Time Explorer: http://www20.Brinkster.com/timezone50/index.htm http://tz.freewebsites.com/index.htm

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RTRS-Supreme Court kills Mexico City's daylight savings
by Scott Harrington Sept. 5, 2001

Sept. 5, 2001

MEXICO CITY, Sept 4 (Reuters) - Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation next year. The high court ruled President Vicente Fox usurped powers from Congress when he decreed Mexicans' clocks had to move ahead an hour on May 1. But because the challenge to the decree was filed only by Mexico City's government, the Supreme Court's ruling only applies to the capital's Federal District, home to over 9 million and part of a greater urban sprawl of some 18 million. The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00 a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said. Nevertheless, if Congress does not reenact daylight savings in the capital, or if it is not scrapped in the rest of the country, Mexico City might find itself in its own time zone next Spring when clocks change anew. Mexico adopted the time change in 1996, in order to save electricity and to put the country in tune with its northern neighbor and biggest trading partner, the United States. But daylight savings has never been popular here. Many argue it forces children to walk to school in the dark. In congressional debates last year, one legislator even argued that the clock change inhibited morning sex. ((Mexico City newsroom +525 282 7153 mexicocity.newsroom(a)reuters.com)) Wednesday, 5 September 2001 00:13:13 RTRS [nN04205687]

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Congress will decide DST in Mexico
by Jesper Nørgaard Sept. 5, 2001

Sept. 5, 2001

Just today I tripped over an article in the mexican newspaper Reforma (web version) that the court case about who have authority about summer time has been settled. The case was set forward on March 6 by the Capital Chief of Government Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) stating that these matters fall outside the authority of the mexican president Vicente Fox. Fox sent a counter case April 5 2001 to nullify the initiatives of AMLO. The decision yesterday apparently settles both cases. The link in spanish I found is http://www.reforma.com.mx/nacional/articulo/122976 The unanimous conclusion by the 10 judges of the Supreme Court of Mexico was that these matters must be settled under the authority of the Congress, not by the president of the republic or by local authorities (like AMLO). You might consider this somewhat a technical draw between president Fox and Capital Government Chief AMLO, but this didn't stop AMLO from celebrating the decision and cheering that this puts a stop on Fox' seizing of power in matters that should be settled by the mexican Congress. We will have to wait and see what Congress decides in these matters, for instance if the stipulated leaving DST Last Sunday of September still stands or not, and if exceptions in different states will be allowed (such as Sonora and Baja California Norte). I am sure this is only the beginning of hefty debates in mexican Congress about the time zone matters. I will return with more material if I found some, about how this case develops. Regards, Jesper Nørgaard Welen 2001-09-05 Jesper Nørgaard Welen Email: jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx Project Leader (Líder de Proyecto) Software CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Dirección: CIMMYT Int. c/o Jesper Nørgaard Km. 45, Carretera México-Veracruz El Batán Texcoco, Edo. de México CP 56130 MEXICO Tel.: +52 (5) 58-04-20-04 ext. 1374 Fax: +52 (5) 58-04-75-58 Tel. Casa: 53-10-05-95 ó 53-10-97-78 CIMMYT home page: http://cimmyt.cgiar.org Check out my free program World Time Explorer: http://www20.Brinkster.com/timezone50/index.htm http://tz.freewebsites.com/index.htm

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IERS Message No. 14: Fall AGU/Special Session
by central_bureau＠iers.org Aug. 30, 2001

Aug. 30, 2001

*************************************************************************** IERS Message No. 14 August 30, 2001 *************************************************************************** Fall AGU/Special Session: Interaction between the Solid Earth and its Fluid Envelope: Insights via Earth Rotation and Mass Redistribution Studies Dear Colleagues: We are convening a special session ( G05: Interaction between the Solid Earth and its Fluid Envelope: Insights via Earth Rotation and Mass Redistribution Studies ) at the Fall 2001 AGU meeting, December 10-14 in San Francisco, as described below. We are soliciting papers on these topics. Please submit your abstract according to the instructions in the AGU website http://www.agu.org and send me a courtesy copy. The deadlines for abstract are August 31 for mail and September 6 for on-line submittals. AGU allows only one first author contributing paper. Your AGU membership number (or that of a sponsor) and payment of abstract fee ($50 for credit card and $60 for check) are required. Thank you for your consideration. Regards, Jean Dr. Jean O. Dickey Principal Member of the Technical Staff Supervisor, Space Geodetic Science & Applications Group Jet Propulsion Laboratory/Caltech Mail Stop 238-332 4800 Oak Grove Dr. Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 Office: +1 818-354-3235 Fax: 818-393-6890 E-mail: jean.o.dickey(a)jpl.nasa.gov G05: Interaction between the Solid Earth and its Fluid Envelope: Insights via Earth Rotation and Mass Redistribution Studies ---------------------------------------------------------------- **** Joint with H (hydrology) A (atmospheres) OS (ocean sciences) T (tectonophysics) SIP (snow, ice, permafrost) GP (geomagnetism) DI (study of the Earth's Deep Interior) Index terms: 1241 Rotational variations (geodesy) 1223 Ocean/Earth/atmosphere interactions (geodesy) 1213 Earth's interior-dynamics (geodesy) 3300 Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics 1655 Water cycles (global change & hydrology) Jean O. Dickey, Olivier de Viron, Geoffrey Blewitt, and Benjamin F. Chao The Earth is a dynamic system: it has a fluid, mobile atmosphere and oceans, a continually changing distribution of ice, snow, and groundwater, a fluid core undergoing hydromagnetic motion, a mantle undergoing both thermal convection and rebound from glacial loading of the last ice age, and mobile tectonic plates. Both the moment of inertia changes and the motion affect a number of global geodynamical quantities, including Universal Time, length-of-day, polar motion, and nutation (collectively referred to as Earth Rotation or Earth Orientation). Highly accurate observations of Earth Orientation provide a unique and truly global measure of natural and man-made changes in the atmosphere, oceans, and interior of the Earth on a broad variety of timescales; in addition, mass redistribution within the Earth produces variations in the Earth's gravitational field (including geocenter) which can thus be used to better understand the processes that move mass within the Earth, and on and above its surface. This session will address the implications of Earth orientation variations, and mass redistribution (including geocenter, loading, and time variable gravity), particularly as they apply to the solid Earth, ocean and hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere and the interactions between the various components of the Earth system. We welcome presentations on prospects for improving our knowledge of mass redistribution from space missions including GRACE (scheduled to launch in November 2001), and presentations providing interdisciplinary insight on what such measurements might imply for our understanding of the water cycle, interactions between Earth's various spheres, and global climate change. We encourage contributions on the latest models from the areas of mass redistribution, including polar snow and ice models, continental-scale hydrology, and models of mass transport in the oceans and atmosphere. Convenors: Jean O. Dickey Mail-stop 238-331, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Oak Grove Drive, 4800, 91108 Pasadena, CA.; e- mail: jean.o.dickey(a)jpl.nasa.gov; phone: 818-354- 3235; fax: 818-393-6890 Olivier de Viron Royal Observatory of Belgium, 3 Avenue Circulaire. B-1180 Brussels, Belgium; email: o.deviron(a)oma.be; phone: +32 2 373 03 12; fax: +32 2 374 98 22 Geoffrey Blewitt University of Nevada, Reno Mail Stop 178 Reno Nevada 89557 Tel: 775-784-6691 x171 Fax: 775-784-1709 Email: gblewitt(a)unr.edu Benjamin F. Chao Space Geodesy Branch, Code 926 NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt Maryland 20771 Tel: 302-614-6104 Fax: 301-614-6099 Email: chao(a)bowie.gsfc.nasa.gov *************************************************************************** IERS Messages are edited and ditributed by the IERS Central Bureau. To subscribe or unsubscribe, please write to <central_bureau(a)iers.org>. Archives: http://www.iers.org/iers/publications/messages/ ***************************************************************************

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THE END of the first unix gigasecond IS NEAR
by Scott Harrington Aug. 29, 2001

Aug. 29, 2001

Is anyone concerned about the rollover of time_t from 9 digits to 10? This is happening at 2001-09-09 01:46:40 GMT, which is next Saturday night, or evening in the US. Check your code for S1G bugs, such as ordering timestamps using textual rather than numeric comparisons, or assuming that time_t columns require no more than 9 characters. I have set an alarm but I plan to celebrate the dawn of the new gigasecond quietly. I once made the mistake of alerting my (non-geek) friends that a leap second had just occurred ...

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DST stories: Melbourne Shrine of Remembrance
by Scott Harrington Aug. 29, 2001

Aug. 29, 2001

On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located in Melbourne, Australia. Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, you will indeed see the sunbeam illiminate the special spot at the expected time. However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html [2] http://www.shrine.org.au

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THE END of the first unix gigasecond IS NEAR
by Scott Harrington Aug. 29, 2001

Aug. 29, 2001

Is anyone concerned about the rollover of time_t from 9 digits to 10? This is happening at 2001-09-09 01:46:40 GMT, which is next Saturday night, or evening in the US. Check your code for S1G bugs, such as ordering timestamps using textual rather than numeric comparisons, or assuming that time_t columns require no more than 9 characters. I have set an alarm but I plan to celebrate the dawn of the new gigasecond quietly. I once made the mistake of alerting my (non-geek) friends that a leap second had just occurred ...

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DST stories: Melbourne Shrine of Remembrance
by Scott Harrington Aug. 29, 2001

Aug. 29, 2001

On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program tonight I heard an interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located in Melbourne, Australia. Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, you will indeed see the sunbeam illiminate the special spot at the expected time. However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. If anyone who reads this in time is interested, the KQED broadcast (which was actually first broadcast back in April) will repeat at 2001-08-29 02:00 PDT, or 09:00 GMT, although the Melbourne story was in the last quarter hour of the lecture, i.e. 09:45-10:00Z. If you're not in San Francisco, you can listen on the web[3]. [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html [2] http://www.shrine.org.au [3] http://www.kqed.org

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RE: Russian cities
by Jesper Nørgaard Aug. 26, 2001

Aug. 26, 2001

There is yet another discrepancy between the list http://www.mark-itt.ru/Collection/Russia/tz_rus.html and the link http://wwg.lgg.ru/russia/reg65.html that the first list has Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk on GMT+11 while the second link from Anton Star has Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk on GMT+10. I have decided to trust the Anton Star list because it is very well built with a lot of details about many other issues of regional information, and all of those informations that I was able to cross-check came out true and correct (for instance population counters or flags of oblast's) and besides as Oscar points out some other information about Tajikistan etc. are apparently not correct on the first list. Regards, Jesper Nørgaard Welen Email: jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx Project Leader (Líder de Proyecto) Software CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Dirección: CIMMYT Int. c/o Jesper Nørgaard Km. 45, Carretera México-Veracruz El Batán Texcoco, Edo. de México CP 56130 MEXICO Tel.: +52 (5) 58-04-20-04 ext. 1374 Fax: +52 (5) 58-04-75-58 Tel. Casa: 53-10-05-95 ó 53-10-97-78 CIMMYT home page: http://cimmyt.cgiar.org Check out my free program World Time Explorer: http://www20.Brinkster.com/timezone50/index.htm http://home.grafitti.net/timezone50/index.htm ---------- From: Oscar van Vlijmen[SMTP:o.van.vlijmen@tip.nl] Sent: Domingo 26 de Agosto de 2001 9:01 To: TZ-list Subject: Re: Russian cities >From Paul Eggert: > Also, the two maps disagree about > Ul'yanovskaya oblast' <http://wwg.lgg.ru/russia/reg73.html>, > Altajskij kraj <http://wwg.lgg.ru/russia/reg22.html>, > and Respublika Altaj <http://wwg.lgg.ru/russia/reg04.html>. > Worldtimezone.com says the first is at UTC+4 and the other > two at UTC+7; LGG.ru says UTC+3 and UTC+6 respectively. In my email dated 2001-06-13 a couple of Russian language timezone lists are mentioned. These lists say: * Ul'yanovsk, in the Ul'yanovskaya oblast' - timezone Moswow + 1 (UTC+4 in winter) * Barnaul, in the Altajskij kraj - timezone Moscow +4 (UTC+7 in winter) * Gorno-Altaijsk, in the Respublika Altaj - timezone Moscow +4 (UTC+7 in winter) Worldtimezone.com gives the same information. See for one of those lists e.g. http://www.mark-itt.ru/Collection/Russia/tz_rus.html By the way, these lists say Azerbajdzhan, Kazakhstan, Tadzhikistan, Turkmeniya and Uzbekistan don't do DST. But, worldtimeserver.com says Azerbajdzhan and Kazakhstan (3 zones) do obey DST, while Tadzhikistan, Turkmeniya and Uzbekistan do not, which is the same information the tz-database gives. There is another discrepancy between lgg.ru and worldtimezone.com. According to lgg.ru the Arkhangel'skaya oblast' consists of the mainland part, the island Novaya Zemlya and the islet Kolguyev, all within the same timezone as Moscow. Worldtimezone however puts Kolguyev in the Moscow zone and Novaya Zemlya in the Moscow+1 zone. Hmmm, it's very difficult to get some definitive answers! Regards, Oscar van Vlijmen 2001-08-26

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Russian cities
by Jesper Nørgaard Aug. 26, 2001

Aug. 26, 2001

Hi, tz gurus. I am trying to figure out what time it is in the following russian cities: Balakovo, Engels, Saratov, Kamyshin, Volgograd, Volzhsky and Astrakhan. In "Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data" page http://www.twinsun.com/tz/tz-link.htm there are several maps mentioned which I examined. The CIA map (low802700.pdf) has these cities as being GMT+5. It even has the area sorounding Samara so small that I wonder if Ulyanovsk and Syzran are on GMT+4 or they are really on GMT+5. Manifolds net GPL-licenced map, seems to indicate one single time zone which both includes Samara and the above cities, suggesting that they should all be on GMT+4. I checked also the "World Timezones Map with current times" which is said to cover Russia particularly well (http://worldtimezone.com) and was made by a russian. This map has the most of these cities on GMT+3 which is what I have been sticking to until now. Recently Gwillim Law mentioned the page http://www.hammondmap.com/timezone/maintz.html which has a map where all these cities seem to be on GMT+4. Is there anybody on the tz mailing list that has more authoritative information? The question is if these cities are on GMT+3 (as I now have it), on GMT+4 or on GMT+5. The additional question is what time Ulyanovsk and Syzran are on. Of course, if you have my program World Time Explorer installed, you can check out on it's map the area I am talking about. Regards, Jesper Nørgaard Welen Email: jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx Programador/Analista CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Dirección: CIMMYT Int. c/o Jesper Nørgaard Km. 45, Carretera México-Veracruz El Batán Texcoco, Edo. de México CP 56130 MEXICO Tel.: +52 (5) 58-04-20-04 ext. 1374 Fax: +52 (5) 58-04-75-58 Tel. Casa: 53-10-05-95 ó 53-10-97-78 CIMMYT home page: http://cimmyt.cgiar.org Check out my free program World Time Explorer: http://www20.Brinkster.com/timezone50/index.htm http://members.theglobe.com/timezone50/index.htm

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RE: Russian cities
by Jesper Nørgaard Aug. 25, 2001

Aug. 25, 2001

If the map in http://wwg.lgg.ru/russia/timezone.html is correct, it seems to me that the GMT+6 region (or Moscow+3 if you like) is bigger to the south than most timezone maps of Russia I have come across until now. I assume this is what Oscar is referring to as "Respublika Altaj" and "Altajskij kraj". I attach a GIF file of this area as seen in World Time Explorer. Is it correct to conclude that the cities Rubtsovsk, Barnaul and Bijsk are all on GMT+6, not on GMT+7? Regards, Jesper Nørgaard Welen Email: jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx Project Leader (Líder de Proyecto) Software CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Dirección: CIMMYT Int. c/o Jesper Nørgaard Km. 45, Carretera México-Veracruz El Batán Texcoco, Edo. de México CP 56130 MEXICO Tel.: +52 (5) 58-04-20-04 ext. 1374 Fax: +52 (5) 58-04-75-58 Tel. Casa: 53-10-05-95 ó 53-10-97-78 CIMMYT home page: http://cimmyt.cgiar.org Check out my free program World Time Explorer: http://www20.Brinkster.com/timezone50/index.htm http://home.grafitti.net/timezone50/index.htm ---------- From: Oscar van Vlijmen[SMTP:o.van.vlijmen@tip.nl] Sent: Viernes 24 de Agosto de 2001 18:41 To: TZ-list; alan(a)allm-geodata.com Subject: Re: Russian cities Alan Pritchard wrote: > I have had the following information regarding Sakha This is very useful! Thanks. > [Also the map at http://wwg.lgg.ru/russia/timezone.html ] I converted the image map code on this web page to a list (below) and transliterated the Russian names for those who want to do further research. Please note that there are some conflicts between this timezone map and earlier information about the regions we investigated between 2001-06-10 and 2001-06-19 (cf. tz email archive). Seems that there are a bit too many regions in the Moscow timezone, according to Anton Star/lgg.ru. The following list is sorted by Moscow-offset and then by the names of the regions without the respublika, oblast' etc, in the order of the Russian alphabet. Transliteration scheme: Chemical Abstracts, the most readable transliteration - with the exception: ' is a soft sign, which should have been transliterated to the less email compatible '. Moskva-1 ------------ Kaliningradskaya oblast' Moskva = 0 ---------------- Moskva Moskovskaya oblast' Respublika Adygeya Arkhangel'skaya oblast' Astrakhanskaya oblast' Belgorodskaya oblast' Bryanskaya oblast' Vladimirskaya oblast' Volgogradskaya oblast' Vologodskaya oblast' Voronezhskaya oblast' Respublika Dagestan Ivanovskaya oblast' Respublika Ingushetiya Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika Respublika Kalmykiya Kalyzhskaya oblast' Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya Respublika Kareliya Kirovskaya oblast' Respublika Komi Kostromskaya oblast' Krasnodarskij kraj Kurskaya oblast' Leningradskaya oblast' Lipetskaya oblast' Respublika Marij El Respublika Mordoviya Murmanskaya oblast' Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug Nizhegorodskaya oblast' Novgorodskaya oblast' Orlovskaya oblast' Penzenskaya oblast' Pskovskaya oblast' Rostovskaya oblast' Ryazanskaya oblast' Sankt-Peterburg Saratovskaya oblast' Respublika Severnaya Osetiya Smolenskaya oblast' Stavropol'skij kraj Tambovskaya oblast' Respublika Tatarstan Tverskaya oblast' Tyl'skaya oblast' Ul'yanovskaya oblast' Chechenskaya Respublika Chuvashskaya oblast' Yaroslavskaya oblast' Moskva+1 ------------ Samarskaya oblast' Udmyrtskaya respublika Moskva+2 ------------- Respublika Bashkortostan Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug Kurganskaya oblast' Orenburgskaya oblast' Permskaya oblast' Sverdlovskaya oblast' Tyumenskaya oblast' Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug Chelyabinskaya oblast' Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug Moskva+3 ------------- Respublika Altaj Altajskij kraj Omskaya oblast' Novosibirskaya oblast' Moskva+4 -------------- Kemerovskaya oblast' Krasnoyarskij kraj Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug Tomskaya oblast' Respublika Tuva Respublika Khakasiya Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug Moskva+5 ------------- Respublika Buryatiya Irkutskaya oblast' Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug Moskva+6 ------------- Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug Amurskaya oblast' Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya) Chitinskaya oblast' Moskva+7 ------------- Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast' Khabarovskij kraj Primorskij kraj Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya) Sakhalinskaya oblast' Moskva+8 ------------- Magadanskaya oblast' Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya) Moskva+9 ------------- Kamchatskaya oblast' Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug Regards, Oscar van Vlijmen 2001-08-25

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FW: Russian cities
by Olson, Arthur David (NCI) Aug. 24, 2001

Aug. 24, 2001

Alan Pritchard is not on the time zone mailing list; direct replies appropriately. --ado -----Original Message----- From: alan(a)allm-geodata.com [mailto:alan@allm-geodata.com] Sent: Friday, August 24, 2001 4:56 AM To: o.van.vlijmen(a)tip.nl Cc: tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov; alan(a)allm-geodata.com Subject: Re: Russian cities I have had the following information regarding Sakha (which according to my Russian source is the only area split across more than 1 timezone: The following rayons fall in to each time zone. [] indicates the tz canonical name 8-th zone(MSK+6) [Europe/Yakutsk] Aldansky Amginsky Anabarsky Bulunsky Verkhnevilyuisky Verkhnekolymsky Vilyuisky Gorny Zhigansky Kobyaisky Lensky Megino-Kangalassky Mirninsky Namsky Nyurbinsky Olyokminsky Olenyoksky Srednekolymsky Suntarsky Tattinsky Khangalassky Ust-Aldansky Churapchinsky Eveno-Bytantaisky 9-th zone(MSK+7): [Europe/Vladivostock] Ust-Yansky Tomponsky Verkhoyansky Ust-Maisky 10-th zone(MSK+8): [Europe/Magadan] Abyisky Momsky Oimyakonsky Allaikhovsky Nizhnekolymsky Regards, Russian Information Service RISER [Also the map at http://wwg.lgg.ru/russia/timezone.html ] My database is now updated Best wishes Alan Pritchard The GLOBAL GAZETTEER: the world on file http://www.allm-geodata.com Tel: +44 (0) 1202 417 477

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IERS Message No. 13
by central_bureau＠iers.org Aug. 21, 2001

Aug. 21, 2001

*************************************************************************** IERS Message No. 13 August 21, 2001 *************************************************************************** Invitation to a Reception Honoring John Bosworth --- Tom Clark during the venue of the IAG Scientific Assembly 2001 Hosted by the IAG Services: IERS, ILRS, IVS, and IGS Dear colleagues, In June of this year two people retired from long-held leadership positions in the development and evolution of space geodesy - John Bosworth and Tom Clark of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. John was a central figure in the Crustal Dynamics Project and follow-on activities for the last 20 years. With this retirement he will also be vacating his position as the first Director of the Central Bureau of the International Laser Ranging Service and Chair of the CSTG Sites sub-commission. Tom Clark is widely recognized as the 'Guru' of VLBI, and has an impressive 32 year involvement in its development. Both Tom and John are have had influence on GPS: John's pursuing the multi-technique collocation site ties, and Tom's operations of the GPS equipment at GSFC, his totally accurate clock (TAC), and phase center measurements of the GPS antennae. An interesting review of their professional careers is planned with your help. We invite you to attend and if you have a particular memory that you will share, it will contribute to a memorable evening! Please join us: Honors Reception John Bosworth --- Tom Clark Monday, September 3, 20001 6:00 - 9:00 PM Taverna Hotel - Budapest Rooom 1052 Budapest, Vaci utca 20. Phone: +361 485 3100 Fax: +361 485 3111 * Excellent Hors D'Oeuvres will be served, cash bar. * Bring your memories and enjoy an evening with friends. ** Please RSVP ** reply to this message or send a message to ruth.neilan(a)jpl.nasa.gov with the word 'Reception' in the Subject. Additional Detail John Michael Bosworth, Associate Chief of the Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics and Head of the Space Geodesy and Sensor Calibration Office (Code 920.1), retired from GSFC on June 1 following almost 40 years of federal service, all but two years with NASA. Mr. Bosworth was honored by many individuals or organizations at his retirement dinner on June 12. John had a long and successful career as a Project Manager at Goddard but is perhaps best remembered for his past two decades of effort on behalf of space geodesy - first as Deputy Manager under Dr. Bob Coates, and then later as Manager, of NASA's Crustal Dynamics Project (CDP). The CDP scored many scientific firsts in making precise contemporary measurements of tectonic plate motion, regional crustal deformation, Earth orientation parameters (spin axis orientation and spin rate or length of day), Earth gravity field, etc. Following the termination of CDP in 1993 and the movement of space geodetic network responsibilities to GSFC's Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics, John retained primary responsibility for the management of NASA's SLR and VLBI networks and served as head of the CSTG Sites Subcommission and as the first Director of the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS) Central Bureau, which is located at GSFC. Dr. Thomas Arvid Clark retired from GSFC on June 1, 2001. Tom received his B.S. in Engineering Physics and his Ph.D. in Astro-Geophysics from the University of Colorado in 1961 and 1967 respectively. From 1966 to 1968, he served as Chief of the Astronomy Branch at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center and as Project Scientist on the Spacelab Coronagraph. Since arriving at GSFC in 1968, Dr. Clark has received numerous NASA awards for his pioneering work on Radio Astronomy Explorer 1 and 2 and several generations of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) systems. Since the beginning of the NASA Crustal Dynamics Project in 1979, a global network of approximately 30 VLBI stations have been used to define the Celestial reference Frame and to measure global plate tectonics, Earth orientation parameters, and Universal Time. In recent years, he developed the Totally Accurate Clock (TAC), an inexpensive GPS timing receiver that has found widespread use in a number of global networks. Tom was named a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union (AGU) in 1991 and a Fellow of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) in 1999. Tom was also a pioneer in amateur and digital radio; he designed and flew several low cost satellites for relaying amateur radio messages around the globe and is a past president of AMSAT. In May 2001, he was one of only 50 initial inductees into the CQ Amateur Radio Hall of Fame, a list which included such engineering luminaries and inventors as Guglielmo Marconi (radio), Samuel Morse (telegraph), Nikola Tesla (HF generators and radio), and John Bardeen and William Schockley (transistor). Dr. Clark has applied for GSFC Emeritus status. Ruth Neilan & Carey Noll *************************************************************************** IERS Messages are edited and ditributed by the IERS Central Bureau. To subscribe or unsubscribe, please write to <central_bureau(a)iers.org>. Archives: http://www.iers.org/iers/publications/messages/ ***************************************************************************

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IERS Message No. 12
by central_bureau＠iers.org Aug. 17, 2001

Aug. 17, 2001

*************************************************************************** IERS Message No. 12 August 17, 2001 *************************************************************************** IERS Bulletin A changes to AAM assimilation Predicted values of atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) were introduced into the IERS Bulletin A combination more than a year ago in an effort to improve our near-term UT1-UTC predictions. However, late last year we observed that the AAM-based values sometimes degraded the UT1 predictions as much as they helped. We suspended the use of AAM data at the beginning of 2001 to re-evaluate our entire AAM process. Starting with the 14 August 2001 issue of IERS Bulletin A (Rapid Service/Prediction of Earth orientation) -- Vol. XIV, No. 65 -- the AAM data have been restored to Bulletin A. The AAM results continue to come from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) at <ftp://ftp.ncep.noaa.gov/pub/cpc/long/aam/nmc/>. After the additional studies, our approach for assimilating AAM data has been changed. Differences include use of both pressure and wind AAM terms, use of the previously unavailable AAM analysis data at the 24-hour interval for the latest AAM analysis file, smoothing of the AAM-based LOD before integrating to UT1R, and removal of a best-fit sinusoid from the AAM UT1R time series. The analysis data value at the 24th hour was previously unavailable and allows for a better merging of the analysis and forecast periods into a single time series. Then, the resulting 15-day AAM-based LODR series (10 days of the most recent analysis + 5 days of forecast) are smoothed to remove variability with frequencies greater than the Bulletin's 2-day Nyquist frequency. The AAM-derived LODR is then integrated and the differences between a UT1 combination of geodetic-only data and the AAM-based UT1R values for the 10-day AAM analysis period are computed. A best-fit linear trend and sinusoid are fit to this difference time series. These fits are then weighted and removed from the entire AAM UT1R time series (analysis and forecast). The resulting rectified AAM-derived UT1R time series is then included in the Bulletin A UT1 combination together with the geodetic data. This procedure reduces the effects of systematic trends (both periodic and linear) that do not appear to be present in actual UT1 variability. Our studies indicate that this processing of this AAM-derived UT1R time series may reduce the UT1 prediction error by ~50% at 5 days into the future. The table below shows the UT1 RMS errors for our daily Bulletin A solutions (without AAM-based UT1R) and for the new AAM-based UT1R series for a 160-day period earlier this year; in both cases our "final" series is used retrospectively as truth. Assimilation ------- RMS UT1 Error versus Prediction Interval ------- Test Method 0 Day 1 Day 2 Days 3 Days 4 Days 5 Days wrt finals.data (us) (us) (us) (us) (us) (us) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- BullA (no AAM) 136.8 248.3 405.8 600.5 827.7 1084.3 AAM UT1R 97.2 150.4 220.4 294.4 381.4 483.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- [for the 160 days from 06 February through 15 July 2001] This work has been done by Tom Johnson (tj(a)CasA.usno.navy.mil) and Brian Luzum (bjl(a)maia.usno.navy.mil) Sincerely yours, Jim Ray IERS Bulletin A Web site: http://maia.usno.navy.mil/ *************************************************************************** IERS Messages are edited and ditributed by the IERS Central Bureau. To subscribe or unsubscribe, please write to <central_bureau(a)iers.org>. Archives: http://www.iers.org/iers/publications/messages/ ***************************************************************************

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RE: on australian time zone names and abbreviations
by Andrew Shebanow Aug. 17, 2001

Aug. 17, 2001

After reading through the mail archive, I'm just as confused as ever, but I withdraw the question. Hopefully, it won't start another war :-) -----Original Message----- From: Andrew Shebanow [mailto:shebanow@placeware.com] Sent: Thursday, August 16, 2001 6:16 PM To: 'tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov' Subject: on australian time zone names and abbreviations OK, I got dragged, bleeding and screaming, into the tar pit of time zone names by one of PlaceWare's Australian customers, who didn't like the fact that Java (1.3.1, at least) formats the time zone for 'Australia/Syndey' as "Eastern Standard Time (New South Wales)", or "EAT" for short. So I did a little research using google, the java sources, and the tz database. Here's what I found that may be relevant, but the bad news is it completely contradicts much of the info in your 'australasia' file. The link http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight-other.html lists the following as the standard names and abbreviations of time zones in Australia, quoting a source at Australia's National Standards Commission: ------------------------------------- AEST Australian Eastern Standard Time (+10 UTC) AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time (+11 UTC) ACST Australian Central Standard Time (+9.5 UTC) ACDT Australian Central Daylight Time (+10.5 UTC) AWST Australian Western Standard Time (+8 UTC) Note: AWDT Australian Western Daylight Time (+9 UTC) is a standard abbreviation, but as there is no daylight saving in the Australian western time zone, it is not used. Are the above abbreviations correct? Here is what the Australian National Standards Commission has said: From: Richard Brittain Sent: Tuesday, 19 December 2000 2:46 PM To: Margaret Turner Subject: RE: Australian Time Zone Abbreviations Margaret - The abbreviations that you propose to use are correct and in fact originated from the Post Master Generals Department (PMGs) some decades ago - the 1960s I believe. There is an AWDT even though it has not been in use for some years so it should appear in any list that claims to be comprehensive. Dr Richard Brittain Executive Officer, Legal Metrology National Standards Commission North Ryde, Sydney. Ph: +61 2 98883922. -------------------------------------- Note that the web page in question is linked to directly by one of the first reference pages listed in your notes section, http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html, under the topic "What are the abbreviations for Australian Time Zones?". Note also the use of "daylight time", not "summer time", contradicting John Mackin's note of 1991-03-06. Now, I'm in no position to judge what the correct official names are, but I thought I'd share my confusion over what is and is not correct... Any enlightment you could share would be much appreciated... Andrew Shebanow PlaceWare

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on australian time zone names and abbreviations
by Andrew Shebanow Aug. 17, 2001

Aug. 17, 2001

OK, I got dragged, bleeding and screaming, into the tar pit of time zone names by one of PlaceWare's Australian customers, who didn't like the fact that Java (1.3.1, at least) formats the time zone for 'Australia/Syndey' as "Eastern Standard Time (New South Wales)", or "EAT" for short. So I did a little research using google, the java sources, and the tz database. Here's what I found that may be relevant, but the bad news is it completely contradicts much of the info in your 'australasia' file. The link http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight-other.html lists the following as the standard names and abbreviations of time zones in Australia, quoting a source at Australia's National Standards Commission: ------------------------------------- AEST Australian Eastern Standard Time (+10 UTC) AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time (+11 UTC) ACST Australian Central Standard Time (+9.5 UTC) ACDT Australian Central Daylight Time (+10.5 UTC) AWST Australian Western Standard Time (+8 UTC) Note: AWDT Australian Western Daylight Time (+9 UTC) is a standard abbreviation, but as there is no daylight saving in the Australian western time zone, it is not used. Are the above abbreviations correct? Here is what the Australian National Standards Commission has said: From: Richard Brittain Sent: Tuesday, 19 December 2000 2:46 PM To: Margaret Turner Subject: RE: Australian Time Zone Abbreviations Margaret - The abbreviations that you propose to use are correct and in fact originated from the Post Master Generals Department (PMGs) some decades ago - the 1960s I believe. There is an AWDT even though it has not been in use for some years so it should appear in any list that claims to be comprehensive. Dr Richard Brittain Executive Officer, Legal Metrology National Standards Commission North Ryde, Sydney. Ph: +61 2 98883922. -------------------------------------- Note that the web page in question is linked to directly by one of the first reference pages listed in your notes section, http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html, under the topic "What are the abbreviations for Australian Time Zones?". Note also the use of "daylight time", not "summer time", contradicting John Mackin's note of 1991-03-06. Now, I'm in no position to judge what the correct official names are, but I thought I'd share my confusion over what is and is not correct... Any enlightment you could share would be much appreciated... Andrew Shebanow PlaceWare

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