In a post on this list on Nov 24 last, Garret Wollman said regarding
FreeBSD's c.1994 change (now reversed) to not install "backward":
>> I chose not to install the "backward" zones in the hope that this
>> would more securely deprecate the then-recently-obsoleted old-style
>> names like "US/Eastern", and then maybe they could be completely
>> removed from the distribution if other downstream consumers (only a
>> few operating systems at that point, no language runtimes) would do
>> likewise.
>> Unfortunately, these ancient compatibility links never got deleted,
>> so "backward" now contains a mix of ancient and more recent
>> compatibility links, and users are still using them (or being told
>> to use them by documentation that should have been updated decades
>> ago).
The obvious way to resolve this would be to split "backward" into two:
one file containing aliases that were once regarded as canonical names
(or at least names consistent with current naming theory) but were then
renamed (e.g. the recent example of Godthab -> Nuuk), the other
containing all the ancient stuff that never conformed to the current
style (such as "W-SU", "Poland", "GB-Eire", "US/Eastern" etc.).
One way to do this might be to set a cutoff date, for which the 2000a
data release seems like a good choice, and retain only the zones changed
since then in "backward", moving the remainder to a new "deprecated"
category.
Another way would be to reserve "backward" for zones that have appeared
in zone.tab at any time, and move the rest to "deprecated".
It turns out that these two methods give almost exactly the same
results, with only two exceptions: America/Ensenada was in "backward"
before 2000 going by the SCM history, but existed in zone.tab until
2010; and Asia/Ulan_Bator was added to "backward" and removed from
zone.tab in the 2000a release. This suggests that the zone.tab criterion
is a slightly better one.
(One further exception should be made: the link from Etc/UTC to UTC is
in widespread use and should probably be moved to "etcetera" alongside
the similar "GMT" link. Otherwise it should stay in "backward". This
change already exists in FreeBSD, where all "GMT" defaults have been
changed to "UTC" at some point.)
Split this way, the list of links in "backward" would become (posted in
plain text here for readability, I can submit in patch form if needed)
as follows:
Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmera
Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Timbuktu
Link America/Argentina/Catamarca America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia
Link America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires America/Buenos_Aires
Link America/Argentina/Catamarca America/Catamarca
Link America/Atikokan America/Coral_Harbour
Link America/Argentina/Cordoba America/Cordoba
Link America/Tijuana America/Ensenada
Link America/Nuuk America/Godthab
Link America/Indiana/Indianapolis America/Indianapolis
Link America/Argentina/Jujuy America/Jujuy
Link America/Kentucky/Louisville America/Louisville
Link America/Argentina/Mendoza America/Mendoza
Link America/Toronto America/Montreal
Link America/Rio_Branco America/Porto_Acre
Link America/Argentina/Cordoba America/Rosario
Link America/Tijuana America/Santa_Isabel
Link America/Denver America/Shiprock
Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/South_Pole
Link Asia/Ashgabat Asia/Ashkhabad
Link Asia/Kolkata Asia/Calcutta
Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Chongqing
Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Chungking
Link Asia/Dhaka Asia/Dacca
Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Harbin
Link Asia/Urumqi Asia/Kashgar
Link Asia/Kathmandu Asia/Katmandu
Link Asia/Macau Asia/Macao
Link Asia/Yangon Asia/Rangoon
Link Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh Asia/Saigon
Link Asia/Thimphu Asia/Thimbu
Link Asia/Makassar Asia/Ujung_Pandang
Link Asia/Ulaanbaatar Asia/Ulan_Bator
Link Atlantic/Faroe Atlantic/Faeroe
Link Europe/Oslo Atlantic/Jan_Mayen
Link Etc/UTC Etc/UCT
Link Europe/London Europe/Belfast
Link Europe/Chisinau Europe/Tiraspol
Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston
Link Pacific/Pohnpei Pacific/Ponape
Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Truk
Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Yap
Link Etc/UTC UTC
"deprecated" would contain these links:
Link America/Adak America/Atka
Link America/Indiana/Indianapolis America/Fort_Wayne
Link America/Indiana/Knox America/Knox_IN
Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Virgin
Link Asia/Jerusalem Asia/Tel_Aviv
Link Australia/Sydney Australia/ACT
Link Australia/Sydney Australia/Canberra
Link Australia/Lord_Howe Australia/LHI
Link Australia/Sydney Australia/NSW
Link Australia/Darwin Australia/North
Link Australia/Brisbane Australia/Queensland
Link Australia/Adelaide Australia/South
Link Australia/Hobart Australia/Tasmania
Link Australia/Melbourne Australia/Victoria
Link Australia/Perth Australia/West
Link Australia/Broken_Hill Australia/Yancowinna
Link America/Rio_Branco Brazil/Acre
Link America/Noronha Brazil/DeNoronha
Link America/Sao_Paulo Brazil/East
Link America/Manaus Brazil/West
Link America/Halifax Canada/Atlantic
Link America/Winnipeg Canada/Central
Link America/Toronto Canada/Eastern
Link America/Edmonton Canada/Mountain
Link America/St_Johns Canada/Newfoundland
Link America/Vancouver Canada/Pacific
Link America/Regina Canada/Saskatchewan
Link America/Whitehorse Canada/Yukon
Link America/Santiago Chile/Continental
Link Pacific/Easter Chile/EasterIsland
Link America/Havana Cuba
Link Africa/Cairo Egypt
Link Europe/Dublin Eire
Link Europe/London GB
Link Europe/London GB-Eire
Link Etc/GMT GMT+0
Link Etc/GMT GMT-0
Link Etc/GMT GMT0
Link Etc/GMT Greenwich
Link Asia/Hong_Kong Hongkong
Link Atlantic/Reykjavik Iceland
Link Asia/Tehran Iran
Link Asia/Jerusalem Israel
Link America/Jamaica Jamaica
Link Asia/Tokyo Japan
Link Pacific/Kwajalein Kwajalein
Link Africa/Tripoli Libya
Link America/Tijuana Mexico/BajaNorte
Link America/Mazatlan Mexico/BajaSur
Link America/Mexico_City Mexico/General
Link Pacific/Auckland NZ
Link Pacific/Chatham NZ-CHAT
Link America/Denver Navajo
Link Asia/Shanghai PRC
Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Samoa
Link Europe/Warsaw Poland
Link Europe/Lisbon Portugal
Link Asia/Taipei ROC
Link Asia/Seoul ROK
Link Asia/Singapore Singapore
Link Europe/Istanbul Turkey
Link Etc/UTC UCT
Link America/Anchorage US/Alaska
Link America/Adak US/Aleutian
Link America/Phoenix US/Arizona
Link America/Chicago US/Central
Link America/Indiana/Indianapolis US/East-Indiana
Link America/New_York US/Eastern
Link Pacific/Honolulu US/Hawaii
Link America/Indiana/Knox US/Indiana-Starke
Link America/Detroit US/Michigan
Link America/Denver US/Mountain
Link America/Los_Angeles US/Pacific
Link Pacific/Pago_Pago US/Samoa
Link Etc/UTC Universal
Link Europe/Moscow W-SU
Link Etc/UTC Zulu
--
Andrew.