- tz - lists.iana.org

Time Zone Converter
by Gina Carollo Dec. 15, 2000

Dec. 15, 2000

Hello. I need to convert a date/time and I am having a hard time figuring out how to do it. I want to convert from one time zone to another but I need to make it possible to convert from any timezone to any time zone. Do your applications use java to do your conversions? Can you put me in the right direction to figure out how to do it? I would really appreciate any help you can give me. Thank you. Gina Carollo gcarollo(a)crowechizek.com

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RE: Expired Rules: How Should They Be Handled
by Olson, Arthur David (NCI) Dec. 14, 2000

Dec. 14, 2000

> I have written some software to reduce the "tzdata" files down > to their current GMTOFF values with associated Rule usage. The > software ends up acting as an integrity check on the database, > i.e. it coughs up current expired Rule usage. The following > Rules, which are current Rule in the indicated Zones, have all > expired. How should/are these Zones handled if a user does > a "setenv TZ " of one of them? > > Dave Skinner > dave(a)nurh.jpl.nasa.gov > ... > Rule Ghana > Zone Africa/Accra > ... > Rule Tunisia > Zone Africa/Tunis Pertinent stuff from the "africa" file is... # Ghana # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; go with Shanks. Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 0:00 Ghana %s ...so, indeed, time in Accra is calculated the same way at all instants from the end of 1942 forward. However, the rule is kept to allow proper handling of historic instants. Doing so is more important in a case such as... ... Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S # Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21. # Shanks says the 1911 switch occurred on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT ...where there were clock changes as late as 1990--after the UNIX epoch. If you didn't keep the rules, running a program such as zdump would produce the wrong output rather than what's shown below. --ado Script started on Thu Dec 14 16:07:09 2000 flower$ ./zdump -v Africa/Accra Africa/Tunis Africa/Accra Fri Dec 13 20:45:52 1901 UTC = Fri Dec 13 20:45:00 1901 LMT isdst=0 Africa/Accra Sat Dec 14 20:45:52 1901 UTC = Sat Dec 14 20:45:00 1901 LMT isdst=0 Africa/Accra Tue Jan 1 00:00:51 1918 UTC = Mon Dec 31 23:59:59 1917 LMT isdst=0 Africa/Accra Tue Jan 1 00:00:52 1918 UTC = Tue Jan 1 00:00:52 1918 GMT isdst=0 Africa/Accra Mon Aug 31 23:59:59 1936 UTC = Mon Aug 31 23:59:59 1936 GMT isdst=0 Africa/Accra Tue Sep 1 00:00:00 1936 UTC = Tue Sep 1 00:20:00 1936 GHST isdst=1 Africa/Accra Wed Dec 30 23:39:59 1936 UTC = Wed Dec 30 23:59:59 1936 GHST isdst=1 Africa/Accra Wed Dec 30 23:40:00 1936 UTC = Wed Dec 30 23:40:00 1936 GMT isdst=0 Africa/Accra Tue Aug 31 23:59:59 1937 UTC = Tue Aug 31 23:59:59 1937 GMT isdst=0 Africa/Accra Wed Sep 1 00:00:00 1937 UTC = Wed Sep 1 00:20:00 1937 GHST isdst=1 Africa/Accra Thu Dec 30 23:39:59 1937 UTC = Thu Dec 30 23:59:59 1937 GHST isdst=1 Africa/Accra Thu Dec 30 23:40:00 1937 UTC = Thu Dec 30 23:40:00 1937 GMT isdst=0 Africa/Accra Wed Aug 31 23:59:59 1938 UTC = Wed Aug 31 23:59:59 1938 GMT isdst=0 Africa/Accra Thu Sep 1 00:00:00 1938 UTC = Thu Sep 1 00:20:00 1938 GHST isdst=1 Africa/Accra Fri Dec 30 23:39:59 1938 UTC = Fri Dec 30 23:59:59 1938 GHST isdst=1 Africa/Accra Fri Dec 30 23:40:00 1938 UTC = Fri Dec 30 23:40:00 1938 GMT isdst=0 Africa/Accra Thu Aug 31 23:59:59 1939 UTC = Thu Aug 31 23:59:59 1939 GMT isdst=0 Africa/Accra Fri Sep 1 00:00:00 1939 UTC = Fri Sep 1 00:20:00 1939 GHST isdst=1 Africa/Accra Sat Dec 30 23:39:59 1939 UTC = Sat Dec 30 23:59:59 1939 GHST isdst=1 Africa/Accra Sat Dec 30 23:40:00 1939 UTC = Sat Dec 30 23:40:00 1939 GMT isdst=0 Africa/Accra Sat Aug 31 23:59:59 1940 UTC = Sat Aug 31 23:59:59 1940 GMT isdst=0 Africa/Accra Sun Sep 1 00:00:00 1940 UTC = Sun Sep 1 00:20:00 1940 GHST isdst=1 Africa/Accra Mon Dec 30 23:39:59 1940 UTC = Mon Dec 30 23:59:59 1940 GHST isdst=1 Africa/Accra Mon Dec 30 23:40:00 1940 UTC = Mon Dec 30 23:40:00 1940 GMT isdst=0 Africa/Accra Sun Aug 31 23:59:59 1941 UTC = Sun Aug 31 23:59:59 1941 GMT isdst=0 Africa/Accra Mon Sep 1 00:00:00 1941 UTC = Mon Sep 1 00:20:00 1941 GHST isdst=1 Africa/Accra Tue Dec 30 23:39:59 1941 UTC = Tue Dec 30 23:59:59 1941 GHST isdst=1 Africa/Accra Tue Dec 30 23:40:00 1941 UTC = Tue Dec 30 23:40:00 1941 GMT isdst=0 Africa/Accra Mon Aug 31 23:59:59 1942 UTC = Mon Aug 31 23:59:59 1942 GMT isdst=0 Africa/Accra Tue Sep 1 00:00:00 1942 UTC = Tue Sep 1 00:20:00 1942 GHST isdst=1 Africa/Accra Wed Dec 30 23:39:59 1942 UTC = Wed Dec 30 23:59:59 1942 GHST isdst=1 Africa/Accra Wed Dec 30 23:40:00 1942 UTC = Wed Dec 30 23:40:00 1942 GMT isdst=0 Africa/Accra Mon Jan 18 03:14:07 2038 UTC = Mon Jan 18 03:14:07 2038 GMT isdst=0 Africa/Accra Tue Jan 19 03:14:07 2038 UTC = Tue Jan 19 03:14:07 2038 GMT isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Fri Dec 13 20:45:52 1901 UTC = Fri Dec 13 20:55:13 1901 PMT isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Sat Dec 14 20:45:52 1901 UTC = Sat Dec 14 20:55:13 1901 PMT isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Fri Mar 10 23:50:38 1911 UTC = Fri Mar 10 23:59:59 1911 PMT isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Fri Mar 10 23:50:39 1911 UTC = Sat Mar 11 00:50:39 1911 CET isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Sat Apr 15 21:59:59 1939 UTC = Sat Apr 15 22:59:59 1939 CET isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Sat Apr 15 22:00:00 1939 UTC = Sun Apr 16 00:00:00 1939 CEST isdst=1 Africa/Tunis Sat Nov 18 21:59:59 1939 UTC = Sat Nov 18 23:59:59 1939 CEST isdst=1 Africa/Tunis Sat Nov 18 22:00:00 1939 UTC = Sat Nov 18 23:00:00 1939 CET isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Sun Feb 25 21:59:59 1940 UTC = Sun Feb 25 22:59:59 1940 CET isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Sun Feb 25 22:00:00 1940 UTC = Mon Feb 26 00:00:00 1940 CEST isdst=1 Africa/Tunis Sun Oct 5 21:59:59 1941 UTC = Sun Oct 5 23:59:59 1941 CEST isdst=1 Africa/Tunis Sun Oct 5 22:00:00 1941 UTC = Sun Oct 5 23:00:00 1941 CET isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Sun Mar 8 22:59:59 1942 UTC = Sun Mar 8 23:59:59 1942 CET isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Sun Mar 8 23:00:00 1942 UTC = Mon Mar 9 01:00:00 1942 CEST isdst=1 Africa/Tunis Mon Nov 2 00:59:59 1942 UTC = Mon Nov 2 02:59:59 1942 CEST isdst=1 Africa/Tunis Mon Nov 2 01:00:00 1942 UTC = Mon Nov 2 02:00:00 1942 CET isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Mon Mar 29 00:59:59 1943 UTC = Mon Mar 29 01:59:59 1943 CET isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Mon Mar 29 01:00:00 1943 UTC = Mon Mar 29 03:00:00 1943 CEST isdst=1 Africa/Tunis Fri Apr 16 23:59:59 1943 UTC = Sat Apr 17 01:59:59 1943 CEST isdst=1 Africa/Tunis Sat Apr 17 00:00:00 1943 UTC = Sat Apr 17 01:00:00 1943 CET isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Sun Apr 25 00:59:59 1943 UTC = Sun Apr 25 01:59:59 1943 CET isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Sun Apr 25 01:00:00 1943 UTC = Sun Apr 25 03:00:00 1943 CEST isdst=1 Africa/Tunis Sun Oct 3 23:59:59 1943 UTC = Mon Oct 4 01:59:59 1943 CEST isdst=1 Africa/Tunis Mon Oct 4 00:00:00 1943 UTC = Mon Oct 4 01:00:00 1943 CET isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Mon Apr 3 00:59:59 1944 UTC = Mon Apr 3 01:59:59 1944 CET isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Mon Apr 3 01:00:00 1944 UTC = Mon Apr 3 03:00:00 1944 CEST isdst=1 Africa/Tunis Sat Oct 7 21:59:59 1944 UTC = Sat Oct 7 23:59:59 1944 CEST isdst=1 Africa/Tunis Sat Oct 7 22:00:00 1944 UTC = Sat Oct 7 23:00:00 1944 CET isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Mon Apr 2 00:59:59 1945 UTC = Mon Apr 2 01:59:59 1945 CET isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Mon Apr 2 01:00:00 1945 UTC = Mon Apr 2 03:00:00 1945 CEST isdst=1 Africa/Tunis Sat Sep 15 21:59:59 1945 UTC = Sat Sep 15 23:59:59 1945 CEST isdst=1 Africa/Tunis Sat Sep 15 22:00:00 1945 UTC = Sat Sep 15 23:00:00 1945 CET isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Fri Apr 29 22:59:59 1977 UTC = Fri Apr 29 23:59:59 1977 CET isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Fri Apr 29 23:00:00 1977 UTC = Sat Apr 30 01:00:00 1977 CEST isdst=1 Africa/Tunis Fri Sep 23 22:59:59 1977 UTC = Sat Sep 24 00:59:59 1977 CEST isdst=1 Africa/Tunis Fri Sep 23 23:00:00 1977 UTC = Sat Sep 24 00:00:00 1977 CET isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Sun Apr 30 22:59:59 1978 UTC = Sun Apr 30 23:59:59 1978 CET isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Sun Apr 30 23:00:00 1978 UTC = Mon May 1 01:00:00 1978 CEST isdst=1 Africa/Tunis Sat Sep 30 22:59:59 1978 UTC = Sun Oct 1 00:59:59 1978 CEST isdst=1 Africa/Tunis Sat Sep 30 23:00:00 1978 UTC = Sun Oct 1 00:00:00 1978 CET isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Tue May 31 22:59:59 1988 UTC = Tue May 31 23:59:59 1988 CET isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Tue May 31 23:00:00 1988 UTC = Wed Jun 1 01:00:00 1988 CEST isdst=1 Africa/Tunis Sat Sep 24 22:59:59 1988 UTC = Sun Sep 25 00:59:59 1988 CEST isdst=1 Africa/Tunis Sat Sep 24 23:00:00 1988 UTC = Sun Sep 25 00:00:00 1988 CET isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Sat Mar 25 22:59:59 1989 UTC = Sat Mar 25 23:59:59 1989 CET isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Sat Mar 25 23:00:00 1989 UTC = Sun Mar 26 01:00:00 1989 CEST isdst=1 Africa/Tunis Sat Sep 23 22:59:59 1989 UTC = Sun Sep 24 00:59:59 1989 CEST isdst=1 Africa/Tunis Sat Sep 23 23:00:00 1989 UTC = Sun Sep 24 00:00:00 1989 CET isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Mon Apr 30 22:59:59 1990 UTC = Mon Apr 30 23:59:59 1990 CET isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Mon Apr 30 23:00:00 1990 UTC = Tue May 1 01:00:00 1990 CEST isdst=1 Africa/Tunis Sat Sep 29 22:59:59 1990 UTC = Sun Sep 30 00:59:59 1990 CEST isdst=1 Africa/Tunis Sat Sep 29 23:00:00 1990 UTC = Sun Sep 30 00:00:00 1990 CET isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Mon Jan 18 03:14:07 2038 UTC = Mon Jan 18 04:14:07 2038 CET isdst=0 Africa/Tunis Tue Jan 19 03:14:07 2038 UTC = Tue Jan 19 04:14:07 2038 CET isdst=0 flower$ exit script done on Thu Dec 14 16:07:23 2000

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Expired Rules: How Should They Be Handled
by Dave Skinner Dec. 14, 2000

Dec. 14, 2000

I have written some software to reduce the "tzdata" files down to their current GMTOFF values with associated Rule usage. The software ends up acting as an integrity check on the database, i.e. it coughs up current expired Rule usage. The following Rules, which are current Rule in the indicated Zones, have all expired. How should/are these Zones handled if a user does a "setenv TZ " of one of them? Dave Skinner dave(a)nurh.jpl.nasa.gov ------ africa ------ Rule Ghana Zone Africa/Accra Rule SA Zone Africa/Johannesburg Rule SL Zone Africa/Freetown Rule Tunisia Zone Africa/Tunis ---- asia ---- Rule HK Zone Asia/Hong_Kong Rule Mongol Zone Asia/Hovd Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar Rule Phil Zone Asia/Manila Rule PRC Zone Asia/Harbin Zone Asia/Shanghai Zone Asia/Chungking Zone Asia/Urumqi Zone Asia/Kashgar Zone Asia/Macao Rule ROK Zone Asia/Seoul Rule Taiwan Zone Asia/Taipei ----------- australasia ----------- Rule AQ Zone Australia/Brisbane Rule Aus Zone Australia/Darwin Rule Cook Zone Pacific/Rarotonga Rule Holiday Zone Australia/Lindeman Rule NC Zone Pacific/Noumea Rule Vanuatu Zone Pacific/Efate ------------ northamerica ------------ Rule Barb Zone America/Barbados Rule Belize Zone America/Belize Rule CR Zone America/Costa_Rica Rule Guat Zone America/Guatemala Rule Haiti Zone America/Port-au-Prince Rule Salv Zone America/El_Salvador Zone America/Tegucigalpa ------------ southamerica ------------ Rule CO Zone America/Bogota Rule Peru Zone America/Lima Rule Uruguay Zone America/Montevideo

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Book on time
by alan＠allm-geodata.com Dec. 14, 2000

Dec. 14, 2000

I came across this book in my local bookshop. It may be of interest Clark, Blaise Time lord: Sir Sandford Fleming and the creation of standard time Wiedenfeld & Nicholson, 2000. Best wishes Alan Pritchard The GLOBAL GAZETTEER: the world on file http://www.allm-geodata.com Tel: +44 (0) 1202 417 477

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Acre (Brazil) representation
by Jesper Nørgaard Dec. 11, 2000

Dec. 11, 2000

In the tz database we have had the Acre state of Brazil represented by the zone America/Porto_Acre for a long time back, however, this contradicts the general rule that the most populous city should be chosen for a given country, state, region, island etc., which also was used when determining that the city Atalaia do Norte should not be used as representative for East Amazonas, but instead the most populous city Eirunepé. According to the page http://www.ibge.gov.br/ibge/estatistica/populacao/contagem/accont96.shtm which mentions 22 cities of Acre, the most populous is by far Rio Branco, with 228,857 inhabitants. The argument in the tz database is that Rio Branco could not be used because there is a (ed: relatively unknown) Rio Branco in Uruguay. The validity of this argument seems a bit doubtful to me. It would be like saying "We can't make a time zone Europe/Paris because there is a Paris in Tennessee; let's make it Europe/Lyon". Who would be looking for Lyon? There is another reason for not choosing Rio Branco though, the state Roraima was previously called state Rio Branco. Supposing that Rio Branco is not chosen, then the next-most populated city of Acre is Cruzeiro do Sul with 56,705 inhabitants, or if you don't like underscores in abundance as in America/Cruzeiro_do_Sul, there would be Tarauacá as in America/Tarauaca which has 23,715 inhabitants. Porto Acre really comes long down the list with only 8,326 inhabitants. In conclusion I recommend to change America/Porto_Acre to America/Rio_Branco as first option, America/Cruzeiro_do_Sul as second option and America/Tarauaca as third option. Regards, Jesper Nørgaard Email: jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx Programador/Analista CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Dirección: CIMMYT, Lisboa 27, 06600 Mexico, D.F. Tel.: +52 (5) 58-04-20-04 ext. 1374 Fax: +52 (5) 58-04-75-58 Tel. Casa: 53-10-05-95 ó 53-10-97-78 CIMMYT home page: http://cimmyt.cgiar.org Check out my Time Zone Converter: http://timezone50.homepage.com

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tz changes for Brazil, Canada, Dom Rep, E Timor, Fiji, Tonga, LHI
by Paul Eggert Dec. 11, 2000

Dec. 11, 2000

An update for the tz database is long overdue; sorry. Here is a proposed patch to implement all the changes reported to the tz list since October, along with a few other cleanups (notably a conversion of the web pages to XHTML). The most urgent changes are for Brazil, Canada, E Timor, Fiji, and the Dominican Republic, as these changes affect how current time stamps are handled. * Many changes for Brazil: Pernambuco and Roraima stopped observing DST at 2000-10-15 00:00. Alagoas, Sergipe, Maranhao, Piaui, Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, and Paraiba stopped observing DST at 2000-10-22 00:00. Add an entry America/Recife for Pernambuco, which (as a result of the above changes) now has a unique time zone history since 1970. Add an entry America/Eirunepe for west Amazonas, which (unlike Acre) observed DST in summer 1993/1994. (Thanks to Marcus Felipe Pereira, Paulo Alexandre Pinto Pires, Mario Sergio Fujikawa Ferreira, Manoel Andrade via Steffen Thorsen, and to Jesper Norgaard.) * Most of Nunavut, Canada switched to Eastern Standard Time instead of adjusting their clocks this fall. (Thanks to Rich Wales and Jesper Norgaard.) * East Timor switched to UTC+9 at 000-09-17 00:00. (Thanks to Charles C. Schlegel via Steffen Thorsen.) * Fiji stopped using DST. (Thanks to Risto Nykanen via Steffen Thorsen.) * Dominican Republic switched to EST at 2000-10-29 02:00, and then switched back to AST at 2000-12-03 01:00. (Thanks to Rives McDow and to Enrique Morales via Steffen Thorsen.) * Tonga changed its DST cutoff date last spring from 2000-04-16 to 2000-03-19. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) * Tonga observes DST from 2000-11-04 02:00 thru 2001-01-27 03:00 this summer. (Thanks to Rives McDow.) * For lack of better info, let's assume Tonga stops using DST next year. * Lord Howe changes its clocks at 02:00 after all, not 02:30. (Thanks to James Lonergan via David Keegel.) * Modernize spelling of Asia/Dacca to Asia/Dhaka, with a backward compatibility entry for old-fashioned users. (Thanks to Steve Minkin via Rich Shockney.) * Add commentary from Jesper Norgaard about likely future changes to Mexican DST. * Summarize story of Tweed Heads story more accurately. (Thanks to Eric Ulevik.) * Update Wayne County reference since it's no longer on the Web. * Fix my misspelling of Joseph S. Myers's name (sorry!) and update his coverage of the DBST/BDST issue. * Add new "make" rules "make check" and "make check_web". * Update the web pages as follows: - Use XHTML 1.0, the standard that W3C currently recommends for web pages. - Add a pointer to www.convertit.com. - Update dangling pointer to cnr.it. - Update obsolete pointers to Astrodienst and to ISO 8601. - Remove links to the USNO web site discussing the current effort to remove leap seconds. The site got wiped out by a hacker and the USNO didn't do backups (!). =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/asia,v retrieving revision 2000.7 retrieving revision 2000.7.0.1 diff -pu -r2000.7 -r2000.7.0.1 --- asia 2000/10/10 15:35:14 2000.7 +++ asia 2000/12/11 04:40:42 2000.7.0.1 @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # # Bangladesh # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Asia/Dacca 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 +Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep @@ -330,12 +330,35 @@ Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT # East Timor + +# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in +# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm"> +# East Timor may be late for its millennium +# </a> (1999-12-26/31): +# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun +# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the +# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it +# conflicts with their way of life. + +# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): +# We don't have any record of the above attempt. +# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. + +# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html"> +# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General +# (2000-08-16)</a>: +# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided +# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, +# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at +# midnight on Saturday, September 16. + # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 - 8:00 - TPT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 + 8:00 - TPT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 9:00 - TPT 1976 May 3 - 8:00 - TPT # East Timor Time + 8:00 - TPT 2000 Sep 17 00:00 + 9:00 - TPT # India # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/australasia,v retrieving revision 2000.7 retrieving revision 2000.7.0.1 diff -pu -r2000.7 -r2000.7.0.1 --- australasia 2000/10/10 15:35:15 2000.7 +++ australasia 2000/12/11 04:40:42 2000.7.0.1 @@ -153,14 +153,14 @@ Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - -Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:30s 0:30 - -Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:30s 0 - -Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:30s 0:30 - -Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:30s 0:30 - -Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:30s 0 - -Rule LH 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:30s 0 - -Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:30s 0:30 - -Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:30s 0:30 - +Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 - +Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - +Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 0:30 - +Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 - +Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule LH 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 0:30 - +Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 - Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 10:30 LH LHST @@ -203,8 +203,8 @@ Zone Indian/Cocos 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Isl # Fiji # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Fiji 1998 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S -Rule Fiji 1999 max - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - +Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S +Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time @@ -391,8 +391,10 @@ Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 190 # Tonga # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Tonga 1999 max - Oct Sat>=1 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Tonga 2000 max - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 0 - +Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - +Rule Tonga 2000 only - Nov 4 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Tonga 2001 only - Jan 27 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time @@ -824,9 +826,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: -# Twin Towns Services Club (in Tweed Heads, near the Queensland border) -# will maintain Queensland time. The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie -# is encouraging northern NSW towns to use Queensland time. +# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW +# towns to use Queensland time. # Yancowinna @@ -868,17 +869,15 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. -# From Jesper Norgaard <jnorgard(a)Prodigy.net.mx> (2000-09-04): -# James Lonergan said that the island always tries to stay in sync -# with the rest of NSW at all time except for the fact that they stay -# ahead half an hour when DST is not observed. If this is interpreted -# literally, they should change clocks at the exact moment that -# e.g. Canberra changes from normal to daylight saving and vice versa. +# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): +# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards +# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently +# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as +# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start +# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. -# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): +# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-25): # For Lord Howe we use Shanks through 1989, and Lonergan thereafter, -# However, as per Norgaard we modify Shanks by assuming 02:30s switchover -# for half-hour DST. ############################################################################### @@ -945,6 +944,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new # millenium. +# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) +# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. # Johnston @@ -1097,6 +1098,16 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. +# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): +# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com +# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 +# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article +# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the +# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. +# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) + +# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): +# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. ############################################################################### =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/backward,v retrieving revision 2000.7 retrieving revision 2000.7.0.1 diff -pu -r2000.7 -r2000.7.0.1 --- backward 2000/10/10 15:35:17 2000.7 +++ backward 2000/12/11 04:40:42 2000.7.0.1 @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ Link America/Tijuana America/Ensenada Link America/Indianapolis America/Fort_Wayne Link America/Indiana/Knox America/Knox_IN Link America/St_Thomas America/Virgin +Link Asia/Dhaka Asia/Dacca Link Asia/Ashgabat Asia/Ashkhabad Link Asia/Jerusalem Asia/Tel_Aviv Link Asia/Thimphu Asia/Thimbu =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/europe,v retrieving revision 2000.7 retrieving revision 2000.7.0.1 diff -pu -r2000.7 -r2000.7.0.1 --- europe 2000/10/10 15:35:15 2000.7 +++ europe 2000/12/11 04:40:42 2000.7.0.1 @@ -164,15 +164,14 @@ # main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) # agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). -# From Joseph S. Meyers (2000-08-10): +# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): # On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir # Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any # official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't # but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British # Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. -# I've put a copy of the Home Office letter at +# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png # http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png -# and the BBC letter may follow if I get permission from the BBC. # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): # [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/Makefile,v retrieving revision 2000.5 retrieving revision 2000.5.0.1 diff -pu -r2000.5 -r2000.5.0.1 --- Makefile 2000/07/31 13:27:53 2000.5 +++ Makefile 2000/12/11 04:40:42 2000.5.0.1 @@ -218,6 +218,12 @@ ZIC= $(zic) $(ZFLAGS) # The name of a Posix-compliant `awk' on your system. AWK= nawk +# The name and arguments of a program to validate your web pages. +# See <http://www.jclark.com/sp/> for a validator, and +# <http://validator.w3.org/source/> for a validation library. +VALIDATE = nsgmls +VALIDATEFLAGS = -s -B -wall -wno-unused-param + ############################################################################### cc= cc @@ -246,8 +252,9 @@ SDATA= solar87 solar88 solar89 TDATA= $(YDATA) $(NDATA) $(SDATA) TABDATA= iso3166.tab zone.tab DATA= $(YDATA) $(NDATA) $(SDATA) $(TABDATA) leapseconds yearistype.sh +WEB_PAGES= tz-art.htm tz-link.htm MISC= usno1988 usno1989 usno1989a usno1995 usno1997 usno1998 \ - tz-art.htm tz-link.htm gccdiffs checktab.awk + $(WEB_PAGES) checktab.awk ENCHILADA= $(DOCS) $(SOURCES) $(DATA) $(MISC) # And for the benefit of csh users on systems that assume the user @@ -344,9 +351,14 @@ tzselect: tzselect.ksh <$? >$@ chmod +x $@ +check: check_tables check_web + check_tables: checktab.awk $(PRIMARY_YDATA) $(AWK) -f checktab.awk $(PRIMARY_YDATA) +check_web: $(WEB_PAGES) + $(VALIDATE) $(VALIDATEFLAGS) $(WEB_PAGES) + clean: rm -f core *.o *.out tzselect zdump zic yearistype date \ ,* *.tar.gz =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/northamerica,v retrieving revision 2000.7 retrieving revision 2000.7.0.1 diff -pu -r2000.7 -r2000.7.0.1 --- northamerica 2000/10/10 15:35:15 2000.7 +++ northamerica 2000/12/11 04:40:42 2000.7.0.1 @@ -476,10 +476,8 @@ Link America/Louisville America/Kentucky # From Rich Wales (2000-08-29): # After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion, # Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern -# (-0500) time. They won't "fall back" this year. See: -# <a href="http://www.nandotimes.com/nation/story/body/0,1037,500244845-500362432-5021…"> -# Sara Shipley, the difference an hour makes (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400) -# </a> +# (-0500) time. They won't "fall back" this year. See Sara Shipley, +# The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400). Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00 -6:00 US C%sT 1946 -6:00 - CST 1968 @@ -1089,6 +1087,23 @@ Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 - LMT # Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not # required to use daylight savings. +# From +# <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut001130/nvt21110_02.html"> +# Nunavut now has two time zones +# </a> (2000-11-10): +# The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and +# Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them +# one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter. +# At the end of October the two communities had rebelled against +# Nunavut's unified time zone, refusing to shift to eastern time with +# the rest of the territory for the winter. Cambridge Bay remained on +# central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to +# mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's +# unified time zone in 1999. + +# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): +# Let's just keep track of the official times for now. + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S @@ -1105,12 +1120,15 @@ Rule NT_YK 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1: Zone America/Pangnirtung -4:22:56 - LMT 1884 -4:00 NT_YK A%sT 1995 Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -5:00 Canada E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00 - -6:00 Canada C%sT + -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00 + -5:00 - EST Zone America/Iqaluit -4:33:52 - LMT 1884 # Frobisher Bay before 1987 -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00 - -6:00 Canada C%sT + -6:00 Canada C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00 + -5:00 - EST Zone America/Rankin_Inlet -6:08:40 - LMT 1884 - -6:00 NT_YK C%sT + -6:00 NT_YK C%sT 2000 Oct 29 2:00 + -5:00 - EST Zone America/Cambridge_Bay -7:00:20 - LMT 1884 -7:00 NT_YK M%sT 1999 Oct 31 2:00 -6:00 Canada C%sT @@ -1205,6 +1223,14 @@ Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 # savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of # Arizona year round. +# From Jesper Norgaard (2000-12-02): +# No changes have been implemented yet, but the new elected president +# Vicente Fox seems to agree with his presidential candidate opponent +# Labastida that daylight saving should not be discontinued, but maybe +# reduced with a couple of months, e.g. starting one month later and +# ending one month earlier: +# http://www.reforma.com/nacional/articulo/044581/ + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Mexico 1939 only - Feb 5 0:00 1:00 D Rule Mexico 1939 only - Jun 25 0:00 0 S @@ -1423,6 +1449,25 @@ Zone America/Dominica -4:05:36 - LMT 191 -4:00 - AST # Dominican Republic + +# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-30): +# Enrique Morales reported to me that the Dominican Republic has changed the +# time zone to Eastern Standard Time as of Sunday 29 at 2 am.... +# http://www.listin.com.do/antes/261000/republica/princi.html + +# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): +# That URL (2000-10-26, in Spanish) says they planned to use US-style DST. + +# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): +# Dominican Republic changed its mind and presidential decree on Tuesday, +# November 28, 2000, with a new decree. On Sunday, December 3 at 1:00 AM the +# Dominican Republic will be reverting to 8 hours from the International Date +# Line, and will not be using DST in the foreseeable future. The reason they +# decided to use DST was to be in synch with Puerto Rico, who was also going +# to implement DST. When Puerto Rico didn't implement DST, the president +# decided to revert. + + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule DR 1966 only - Oct 30 0:00 1:00 D Rule DR 1967 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 S @@ -1434,6 +1479,8 @@ Rule DR 1972 1974 - Jan 21 0:00 0 S Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 - LMT 1890 -4:40 - SDMT 1933 Apr 1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT -5:00 DR E%sT 1974 Oct 27 + -4:00 - AST 2000 Oct 29 02:00 + -5:00 US E%sT 2000 Dec 3 01:00 -4:00 - AST # El Salvador =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/southamerica,v retrieving revision 2000.7 retrieving revision 2000.7.0.1 diff -pu -r2000.7 -r2000.7.0.1 --- southamerica 2000/10/10 15:35:16 2000.7 +++ southamerica 2000/12/11 04:40:42 2000.7.0.1 @@ -249,7 +249,12 @@ Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890 # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/verao1.html"> # Brazilian official page # </a> -# + +# From Jesper Norgaard (2000-11-03): +# [For an official list of which regions in Brazil use which time zones, see:] +# http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbr.htm +# http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbrhv.htm + # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): # The official decrees referenced below are taken from # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html"> @@ -373,6 +378,11 @@ Rule Brazil 1999 only - Oct 3 0:00 1:0 Rule Brazil 2000 only - Feb 27 0:00 0 - # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DEC3592.htm">3,592</a> (2000-09-06) # adopted by the same states as before. +# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3630.jpg">3,630</a> (2000-10-13) +# repeals DST in PE and RR, effective 2000-10-15 00:00. +# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3632.jpg">3,632</a> (2000-10-17) +# repeals DST in SE, AL, PB, RN, CE, PI and MA, effective 2000-10-22 00:00. +# # These give only one year's rules. After that, the rules are guesses # and are quite possibly wrong, but are more likely than no DST at all. Rule Brazil 2000 max - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S @@ -381,22 +391,32 @@ Rule Brazil 2001 max - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # -# Fernando de Noronha +# Atlantic islands: Fernando de Noronha, Trindade, Martin Vaz, +# Atol das Rocas, and Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo Zone America/Noronha -2:09:40 - LMT 1914 -2:00 Brazil FN%sT 1990 Sep 17 -2:00 - FNT # # Amapa (AP), east Para (PA) +# East Para includes Belem, Maraba, Serra Norte, and Sao Felix do Xingu. Zone America/Belem -3:13:56 - LMT 1914 -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1988 Sep 12 -3:00 - BRT # # Maranhao (MA), Piaui (PI), Ceara (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN), -# Paraiba (PB), Pernambuco (PE) (except Fernando de Noronha) +# Paraiba (PB) Zone America/Fortaleza -2:34:00 - LMT 1914 -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1990 Sep 17 -3:00 - BRT 1999 Sep 30 - -3:00 Brazil BR%sT + -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2000 Oct 22 + -3:00 - BRT +# +# Pernambuco (PE) (except Atlantic islands) +Zone America/Recife -2:19:36 - LMT 1914 + -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1990 Sep 17 + -3:00 - BRT 1999 Sep 30 + -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2000 Oct 15 + -3:00 - BRT # # Tocantins (TO) Zone America/Araguaina -3:12:48 - LMT 1914 @@ -410,7 +430,8 @@ Zone America/Maceio -2:22:52 - LMT 1914 -3:00 - BRT 1995 Oct 13 -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1996 Sep 4 -3:00 - BRT 1999 Sep 30 - -3:00 Brazil BR%sT + -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2000 Oct 22 + -3:00 - BRT # # Bahia (BA), Goias (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG), # Espirito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Sao Paulo (SP), Parana (PR), @@ -425,6 +446,7 @@ Zone America/Cuiaba -3:44:20 - LMT 1914 -4:00 Brazil AM%sT # # west Para (PA), Rondonia (RO) +# West Para includes Altamira, Oribidos, Prainha, Oriximina, and Santarem. Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 - LMT 1914 -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1988 Sep 12 -4:00 - AMT @@ -433,22 +455,29 @@ Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 - LMT Zone America/Boa_Vista -4:02:40 - LMT 1914 -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1988 Sep 12 -4:00 - AMT 1999 Sep 30 - -4:00 Brazil AM%sT + -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 2000 Oct 15 + -4:00 - AMT # -# Amazonas (AM) +# east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutai, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto Zone America/Manaus -4:00:04 - LMT 1914 -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1988 Sep 12 -4:00 - AMT 1993 Sep 28 -4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1994 Sep 22 -4:00 - AMT # +# west Amazonas (AM): Atalaia do Norte, Boca do Maoco, Benjamin Constant, +# Eirunepe, Envira, Ipixuna +Zone America/Eirunepe -4:39:28 - LMT 1914 + -5:00 Brazil AC%sT 1988 Sep 12 + -5:00 - ACT 1993 Sep 28 + -5:00 Brazil AC%sT 1994 Sep 22 + -5:00 - ACT +# # Acre (AC) # Rio_Branco is too ambiguous, since there's a Rio Branco in Uruguay too. Zone America/Porto_Acre -4:31:12 - LMT 1914 -5:00 Brazil AC%sT 1988 Sep 12 -5:00 - ACT -# -# Martin Vaz and Trindade are like America/Noronha. # Chile =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/tz-art.htm,v retrieving revision 2000.7 retrieving revision 2000.7.0.1 diff -pu -r2000.7 -r2000.7.0.1 --- tz-art.htm 2000/10/10 15:35:21 2000.7 +++ tz-art.htm 2000/12/11 04:40:42 2000.7.0.1 @@ -1,19 +1,23 @@ -<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> -<HTML> -<HEAD> -<TITLE>Time and the Arts</TITLE> -</HEAD> -<BODY> -<H1>Time and the Arts</H1> -<ADDRESS> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?> +<!DOCTYPE html + PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-type" content='text/html; charset="US-ASCII"' /> +<title>Time and the Arts</title> +</head> +<body> +<h1>Time and the Arts</h1> +<address> @(#)tz-art.htm 7.38 -</ADDRESS> -<P> +</address> +<p> Please send corrections to this web page to the -<A HREF="mailto:tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov">time zone mailing list</A>. -<P> -See also <A HREF="tz-link.htm">Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data</A>. -<PRE> +<a href="mailto:tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov">time zone mailing list</a>.</p> +<p> +See also <a href="tz-link.htm">Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data</a>.</p> +<pre> "Is that a pertinent fact, or are you trying to dazzle me with your command of time zones?" "Frasier Crane" @@ -33,7 +37,7 @@ Personnel: Karrin Allyson, vocal Notes: CD notes "additional lyric by Karrin Allyson; arranged by Russ Long and Karrin Allyson" ADO Rating: 1 star -<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A175928">AMG Rating: 4 stars</A> +<a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A175928">AMG Rating: 4 stars</a> Penguin Rating: 3.5 stars -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Artist: Kevin Mahogany @@ -48,7 +52,7 @@ Personnel: Kevin Mahogany, vocal Ralph Moore, tenor saxophone Lewis Nash, drums ADO Rating: 1.5 stars -<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A262654">AMG Rating: 3 stars</A> +<a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A262654">AMG Rating: 3 stars</a> Penguin Rating: 3 stars -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Artist: Joe Williams @@ -62,7 +66,7 @@ Personnel: Joe Williams, vocal Notes: This CD is also available as part of a 3-CD package from Telarc, "Triple Play" (CD-83461) ADO Rating: black dot -<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A194434">AMG Rating: 2 stars</A> +<a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A194434">AMG Rating: 2 stars</a> Penguin Rating: 3 stars -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Artist: Charles Fambrough @@ -77,9 +81,9 @@ Personnel: Charles Fambrough, bass Lenny White, drums Marion Simon, percussion Notes: On-line information and samples available at - <A HREF="http://wwmusic.com/~music/audioq/rel/1033.html">http://wwmusic.com/~music/audioq/rel/1033.html</A> + <a href="http://wwmusic.com/~music/audioq/rel/1033.html">http://wwmusic.com/~music/audioq/rel/1033.html</a> ADO Rating: 2 stars -<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A224430">AMG Rating: unrated</A> +<a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A224430">AMG Rating: unrated</a> Penguin Rating: 3 stars ========================================================================== Also of note: @@ -96,7 +100,7 @@ Personnel: Holly Cole, voice Notes: Lyrical reference to "Eastern Standard Time" in Tom Waits' "Purple Avenue" ADO Rating: 2.5 stars -<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A157959">AMG Rating: 3 stars</A> +<a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A157959">AMG Rating: 3 stars</a> Penguin Rating: unrated -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Artist: Milt Hinton @@ -125,9 +129,9 @@ Notes: tunes include Old Man Time, Time Time on My Hands, This Time It's Us, and Good Time Charlie On-line samples available at - <A HREF="http://www.globalmusic.com/labels/chiaroscuro/chiaro_cd_gallery.html">http://www.globalmusic.com/labels/chiaroscuro/chiaro_cd_gallery.html</A> + <a href="http://www.globalmusic.com/labels/chiaroscuro/chiaro_cd_gallery.html">http://www.globalmusic.com/labels/chiaroscuro/chiaro_cd_gallery.html</a> ADO Rating: 3 stars -<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A162344">AMG Rating: 4.5 stars</A> +<a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A162344">AMG Rating: 4.5 stars</a> Penguin Rating: 3 stars -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Artist: Paul Broadbent @@ -141,7 +145,7 @@ Personnel: Paul Broadbent, piano Frank Gibson, Jr., drums Notes: The CD cover features an analemma for equation-of-time fans ADO Rating: 1 star -<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A223722">AMG Rating: 4 stars</A> +<a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A223722">AMG Rating: 4 stars</a> Penguin Rating: 3.5 stars -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Artist: Anthony Braxton/Richard Teitelbaum @@ -156,7 +160,7 @@ Personnel: Anthony Braxton, sporanino an Leroy Jenkins, violin and miscellaneous instruments Richard Teitelbaum, modular moog and micromoog synthesizer ADO Rating: black dot -<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A310757">AMG Rating: unrated</A> +<a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A310757">AMG Rating: unrated</a> -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Artist: Jules Verne Book: Le Tour du Monde en Quatre-Vingts Jours @@ -168,14 +172,14 @@ Notes: Wall-clock time plays a central An on-line French-language version of the book "with illustrations from the original 1873 French-language edition" is available at - <A HREF="http://fourmilab.ch/etexts/www/tdm80j">http://fourmilab.ch/etexts/www/tdm80j</A> + <a href="http://fourmilab.ch/etexts/www/tdm80j">http://fourmilab.ch/etexts/www/tdm80j</a> An on-line English-language translation of the book is available at - <A HREF="http://www.literature.org/Works/Jules-Verne/eighty">http://www.literature.org/Works/Jules-Verne/eighty</A> + <a href="http://www.literature.org/Works/Jules-Verne/eighty">http://www.literature.org/Works/Jules-Verne/eighty</a> -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Film: Bell Science - About Time Notes: The Frank Baxter/Richard Deacon extravaganza Information on ordering is available at - <A HREF="http://www.videoflicks.com/VF2/1035/1035893.ihtml">http://www.videoflicks.com/VF2/1035/1035893.ihtml</A> + <a href="http://www.videoflicks.com/VF2/1035/1035893.ihtml">http://www.videoflicks.com/VF2/1035/1035893.ihtml</a> -------------------------------------------------------------------------- An episode of "The Adventures of Superman" entitled "The Mysterious Cube," first aired 1958-02-24, had Superman convincing the controllers @@ -215,6 +219,6 @@ there's a reason for 'Daylight Saving Ti "I once had sex for an hour and five minutes, but that was on the day when you turn the clocks ahead." Garry Shandling, 52nd Annual Emmys, 2000-09-10 -</PRE> -</BODY> -</HTML> +</pre> +</body> +</html> =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/tz-link.htm,v retrieving revision 2000.7 retrieving revision 2000.7.0.3 diff -pu -r2000.7 -r2000.7.0.3 --- tz-link.htm 2000/10/10 15:35:22 2000.7 +++ tz-link.htm 2000/12/11 04:40:42 2000.7.0.3 @@ -1,27 +1,32 @@ -<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> -<HTML> -<HEAD> -<TITLE>Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data</TITLE> -<LINK REL="schema.DC" HREF="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.1/"> -<META NAME="DC.Creator" CONTENT="Paul Eggert"> -<META NAME="DC.Contributor" CONTENT="Arthur David Olson"> -<META NAME="DC.Date" CONTENT="2000/10/03"> -<META NAME="DC.Description" - CONTENT="Sources of information about time zones and daylight saving time"> -<META NAME="DC.Identifier" CONTENT="http://www.twinsun.com/tz/tz-link.htm"> -<META NAME="Keywords" - CONTENT="database,daylight saving,DST,time zone,timezone,tz,zoneinfo"> -</HEAD> -<BODY> -<H1>Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data</H1> -<ADDRESS> +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?> +<!DOCTYPE html + PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> +<head> +<title>Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data</title> +<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/DC/elements/1.1/" /> +<meta http-equiv="Content-type" content='text/html; charset="US-ASCII"' /> +<meta name="DC.Creator" content="Paul Eggert" /> +<meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Arthur David Olson" /> +<meta name="DC.Date" content="2000/10/03" /> +<meta name="DC.Description" + content="Sources of information about time zones and daylight saving time" /> +<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="http://www.twinsun.com/tz/tz-link.htm" /> +<meta name="Keywords" + content="database,daylight saving,DST,time zone,timezone,tz,zoneinfo" /> +</head> +<body> +<h1>Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data</h1> +<address> @(#)tz-link.htm 7.28 -</ADDRESS> -<P> +</address> +<p> Please send corrections to this web page to the -<A HREF="mailto:tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov">time zone mailing list</A>. -<P> -<H2>The <samp>tz</samp> database</H2><P> +<a href="mailto:tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov">time zone mailing list</a>. +</p> +<h2>The <samp>tz</samp> database</h2> +<p> The public-domain time zone database contains code and data that represent the history of local time for many representative locations around the globe. @@ -31,196 +36,201 @@ This database (often called <samp>tz</sa is used by several implementations, including BSD, DJGPP, GNU/Linux, HP-UX, IRIX, Solaris, and UnixWare. In the <samp>tz</samp> database's -<A HREF="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/">FTP distribution</A>, +<a href="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/">FTP distribution</a>, the code is in the file <samp>tzcode<var>C</var>.tar.gz</samp>, where <samp><var>C</var></samp> is the code's version; similarly, the data are in <samp>tzdata<var>D</var>.tar.gz</samp>, where <samp><var>D</var></samp> is the data's version. The code lets you compile the text data into time zone files, one for each location. It also lets you read a compiled time zone file and -interpret time stamps for that location. -<P> +interpret time stamps for that location.</p> +<p> The data are by no means authoritative. If you find errors, please -send changes to the <A HREF="mailto:tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov">time zone -mailing list</A>. You can also <A -HREF="mailto:tz-request@elsie.nci.nih.gov">subscribe</A> to the -mailing list, or retrieve the <A -HREF="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzarchive.gz">archive of old -messages</A> (in <A HREF="http://www.gzip.org/">gzip</A> compressed -format). -<P> +send changes to the <a href="mailto:tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov">time zone +mailing list</a>. You can also <a +href="mailto:tz-request@elsie.nci.nih.gov">subscribe</a> to the +mailing list, or retrieve the <a +href="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzarchive.gz">archive of old +messages</a> (in <a href="http://www.gzip.org/">gzip</a> compressed +format).</p> +<p> The Web has several other sources for time zone and daylight saving time data. Here are some recent links that may be of interest. -<H2>Web pages using recent versions of the <samp>tz</samp> database</H2> -<UL> -<LI><A HREF="http://www.bsdi.com/date/">Date and Time Gateway</A> is a +</p> +<h2>Web pages using recent versions of the <samp>tz</samp> database</h2> +<ul> +<li><a href="http://www.bsdi.com/date/">Date and Time Gateway</a> is a text-based point-and-click interface to tables of current time -throughout the world. -<LI><A HREF="http://sandbox.xerox.com/stewart/tzconvert.cgi">CGI/1.0 -URL Timezone Converter</A> is a similar interface, with source code -written in <A HREF="http://www.perl.org/">Perl</A>, using what Paul -Stewart calls the "20-line hack no one will let me forget". -<LI><A HREF="http://www.hilink.com.au/times/">Local Times Around the World</A> -is a fancier web interface. -<LI><A HREF="http://timezoneconverter.com/">Time Zone Converter</A> -is an even fancier interface. -<LI><A HREF="http://www.tick2tock.com/cgi-bin/TZConverter">Tick2Tock -time zone converter</A> is a multilingual interface. -<LI><A HREF="http://www.holidayfestival.com/">The Worldwide Holiday -& Festival Site</A> lists DST-related clock changes along with holidays. -<LI><A HREF="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/">The World Clock</A> +throughout the world.</li> +<li><a href="http://sandbox.xerox.com/stewart/tzconvert.cgi">CGI/1.0 +URL Timezone Converter</a> is a similar interface, with source code +written in <a href="http://www.perl.org/">Perl</a>, using what Paul +Stewart calls the "20-line hack no one will let me forget".</li> +<li>Fancier web interfaces, roughly in ascending order of complexity, include: +<ul> +<li><a href="http://www.hilink.com.au/times/">Local Times Around the +World</a></li> +<li><a href="http://www.convertit.com/Go/ConvertIt/World_Time/Current_Time.ASP">Current Time in 1000 Places</a></li> +<li><a href="http://timezoneconverter.com/">Time Zone Converter</a></li> +</ul></li> +<li><a href="http://www.tick2tock.com/cgi-bin/TZConverter">Tick2Tock +time zone converter</a> is a multilingual interface.</li> +<li><a href="http://www.holidayfestival.com/">The Worldwide Holiday +& Festival Site</a> lists DST-related clock changes along with +holidays.</li> +<li><a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/">The World Clock</a> is a web interface to a time zone database derived from -<samp>tz</samp>'s. -</UL> -<H2>Other time zone file readers</H2> -<UL> -<LI>The <A HREF="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/">GNU C Library</A> +<samp>tz</samp>'s.</li> +</ul> +<h2>Other time zone file readers</h2> +<ul> +<li>The <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/">GNU C Library</a> has an independent, thread-safe implementation of a time zone file reader that is compatible with <samp>tz</samp>. This library is freely available under the -<A HREF="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html"> -GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)</A>, -and is widely used in GNU/Linux systems. -<LI><A HREF="http://www.bmsi.com/java/#TZ">ZoneInfo.java</A> +<a href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html"> +GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)</a>, +and is widely used in GNU/Linux systems.</li> +<li><a href="http://www.bmsi.com/java/#TZ">ZoneInfo.java</a> is a time zone file reader written in Java. -It is freely available under the GNU LGPL. -</UL> -<H2>Other <SAMP>tz</SAMP>-based time zone conversion software</H2> -<UL> -<LI><A -HREF="http://www1.tip.nl/~t876506/AboutTimeZonesHC.html">HyperCard -time zones calculator</A> is a HyperCard stack. -<LI><A -HREF="http://timezone50.homepage.com/">Time Zone Converter</A> is a -Microsoft Windows 95/98/NT4 program. -</UL> -<H2>Other time zone databases</H2> -<UL> -<LI><A HREF="http://www.astro.ch/atlas/">Astrodienst Online - -Atlas & Timezone Database</A> is Astrodienst's Web version of Shanks's -excellent time zone history atlases published in both <A -HREF="http://astrocom.com/software/ACS_PC_Atlas.htm">computer</A> and <A -HREF="http://astrocom.com/books/xrefa.htm#SHANKS">book</A> form by <A -HREF="http://astrocom.com/">Astro Communications Services</A>. -<LI><A HREF="http://worldtime.com/">WORLDTIME: interactive atlas, -time info, public holidays</A> +It is freely available under the GNU LGPL.</li> +</ul> +<h2>Other <samp>tz</samp>-based time zone conversion software</h2> +<ul> +<li><a +href="http://www1.tip.nl/~t876506/AboutTimeZonesHC.html">HyperCard +time zones calculator</a> is a HyperCard stack.</li> +<li><a +href="http://timezone50.homepage.com/">Time Zone Converter</a> is a +Microsoft Windows 95/98/NT4 program.</li> +</ul> +<h2>Other time zone databases</h2> +<ul> +<li><a href="http://www.astro.ch/cgi-bin/atlw3/aq.cgi?lang=e">Astrodienst +Online - Atlas Query</a> is Astrodienst's Web version of Shanks's +excellent time zone history atlases published in both <a +href="http://astrocom.com/software/ACS_PC_Atlas.htm">computer</a> and <a +href="http://astrocom.com/books/xrefa.htm#SHANKS">book</a> form by <a +href="http://astrocom.com/">Astro Communications Services</a>.</li> +<li><a href="http://worldtime.com/">WORLDTIME: interactive atlas, +time info, public holidays</a> contains information on local time, sunrise and sunset, -and public holidays in several hundred cities around the world. -<LI><A HREF="http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/tzones.html">World Time Zones</A> +and public holidays in several hundred cities around the world.</li> +<li><a href="http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/tzones.html">World Time Zones</a> contains data from the Time Service Department of the US Naval Observatory (USNO), used as the source -for the <samp>usno*</samp> files in the <samp>tz</samp> distribution. -<LI>The USNO Astronomical Applications Department publishes answers to -<A HREF="http://aa.usno.navy.mil/AA/faq/">Frequently Asked Questions</A> -about time zones and daylight saving time. -<LI>The <A HREF="http://www.iata.org/">International -Air Transport Association</A> +for the <samp>usno*</samp> files in the <samp>tz</samp> distribution.</li> +<li>The USNO Astronomical Applications Department publishes answers to +<a href="http://aa.usno.navy.mil/AA/faq/">Frequently Asked Questions</a> +about time zones and daylight saving time.</li> +<li>The <a href="http://www.iata.org/">International +Air Transport Association</a> publishes the IATA Standard Schedules Information Manual (SSIM), which gives current time zone rules for -all the airports served by commercial aviation. -</UL> -<H2>Maps</H2> -<UL> -<LI>The United States Central Intelligence Agency publishes a <A -HREF="http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/reference/Low%20res%20PDF/low…">time -zone map</A>; the -<A HREF="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/Libs/PCL/Map_collection/world_maps.html"> -Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection</A> +all the airports served by commercial aviation.</li> +</ul> +<h2>Maps</h2> +<ul> +<li>The United States Central Intelligence Agency publishes a <a +href="http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/reference/Low%20res%20PDF/low…">time +zone map</a>; the +<a href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/Libs/PCL/Map_collection/world_maps.html"> +Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection</a> of the University of Texas at Austin has on-line copies of recent editions. The pictorial quality is good, but the maps do not indicate summer time, -and parts of the data are a few years out of date. -<LI><A HREF="http://worldtimezone.com/">World timezones map with -current time</A> +and parts of the data are a few years out of date.</li> +<li><a href="http://worldtimezone.com/">World timezones map with +current time</a> has several fancy time zone maps; it covers Russia particularly well. The maps' pictorial quality is not quite as good as the CIA's -and (as usual with maps) the maps are not quite up to date. -<LI><A HREF="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/">World Time Server</A> +and (as usual with maps) the maps are not quite up to date.</li> +<li><a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/">World Time Server</a> has a separate little outline map for each region of each country that -currently observes a different time. -</UL> -<H2>Daylight saving time concepts and history</H2> -<UL> -<LI><A HREF="http://webexhibits.com/daylightsaving/">About Daylight -Saving Time - History, rationale, laws and dates</A> -is a good overall history of DST. -<LI><A HREF="http://www.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/toi.html">The -Time of Internet</A> +currently observes a different time.</li> +</ul> +<h2>Daylight saving time concepts and history</h2> +<ul> +<li><a href="http://webexhibits.com/daylightsaving/">About Daylight +Saving Time - History, rationale, laws and dates</a> +is a good overall history of DST.</li> +<li><a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/">The +Time of Internet</a> contains good descriptions of Time Zones and daylight saving time, with diagrams. -The time zone map is out of date, however. -<LI>A few countries have well-documented histories of legal time. -<DL> -<DT>Australia -<DD>The Community Relations Division of the NSW Attorney General's -Department maintains a history of <A -HREF="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2">daylight -saving in New South Wales</A>. -<DT>Brazil -<DD>The Time Service Department of the National Observatory -records <A HREF="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html" -HREFLANG="pt-BR">Brazil's daylight saving time decrees (in -Portuguese)</A>. -<DT>Germany -<DD>The National Institute for Science and Technology maintains <A -HREF="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">a history of -German legal time</A>. -<DT>Israel -<DD>The Ministry of Interior periodically issues <A -HREF="ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements" -HREFLANG="he">announcements (in Hebrew)</A>. -<DT>United Kingdom -<DD><A -HREF="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/">History of -legal time in Britain</A> is an excellent discussion for the country -with perhaps the best-documented history of clock adjustments. -</DL> -</UL> -<H2>Precision timekeeping</H2> -<UL> -<LI><A HREF="http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~ntp/">Time Server</A> discusses -the Network Time Protocol (NTP), used to synchronize clocks of Internet hosts. -<LI><A HREF="http://ecco.bsee.swin.edu.au/chronos/GMT-explained.html">A -Few Facts Concerning GMT, UT, and the RGO</A> -answers questions like "What is the difference between GMT and UTC?" -<LI><A -HREF="http://sadira.gb.nrao.edu/~rfisher/Ephemerides/times.html">Astronomical -Times</A> explains more abstruse astronomical time scales like TT, TCG, -and TDB. -<LI><A HREF="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/basics/bsf2-3.htm">Earth -and Its Reference Systems</A> -briefly explains interplanetary space flight timekeeping. -<LI><A HREF="http://hpiers.obspm.fr/webiers/results/bul/README.html">Bulletins -of IERS</A> contains official publications of the +The time zone map is out of date, however.</li> +<li>A few countries have well-documented histories of legal time. +<dl> +<dt>Australia</dt> +<dd>The Community Relations Division of the NSW Attorney General's +Department maintains a history of <a +href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2">daylight +saving in New South Wales</a>.</dd> +<dt>Brazil</dt> +<dd>The Time Service Department of the National Observatory +records <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html" +hreflang="pt-BR">Brazil's daylight saving time decrees (in +Portuguese)</a>.</dd> +<dt>Germany</dt> +<dd>The National Institute for Science and Technology maintains <a +href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">a history of +German legal time</a>.</dd> +<dt>Israel</dt> +<dd>The Ministry of Interior periodically issues <a +href="ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements" +hreflang="he">announcements (in Hebrew)</a>.</dd> +<dt>United Kingdom</dt> +<dd><a +href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/">History of +legal time in Britain</a> is an excellent discussion for the country +with perhaps the best-documented history of clock adjustments.</dd> +</dl></li> +</ul> +<h2>Precision timekeeping</h2> +<ul> +<li><a href="http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~ntp/">Time Server</a> discusses +the Network Time Protocol (NTP), used to synchronize clocks of +Internet hosts.</li> +<li><a href="http://ecco.bsee.swin.edu.au/chronos/GMT-explained.html">A +Few Facts Concerning GMT, UT, and the RGO</a> +answers questions like "What is the difference between GMT and UTC?"</li> +<li><a +href="http://sadira.gb.nrao.edu/~rfisher/Ephemerides/times.html">Astronomical +Times</a> explains more abstruse astronomical time scales like TT, TCG, +and TDB.</li> +<li><a href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/basics/bsf2-3.htm">Earth +and Its Reference Systems</a> +briefly explains interplanetary space flight timekeeping.</li> +<li><a href="http://hpiers.obspm.fr/webiers/results/bul/README.html">Bulletins +of IERS</a> contains official publications of the International Earth Rotation Service, the committee that decides -when leap seconds occur. -<LI>The <A -HREF="http://clockdev.usno.navy.mil/archives/leapsecs.html">Leap -Second Discussion List</A> covers <A -HREF="http://clockdev.usno.navy.mil/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A3=ind0007&L=leapsecs&P=26737&…">McCarthy -and Klepczynski's proposal to remove leap seconds</A>, currently -being studied by a <A -HREF="http://www.intec.rug.ac.be/Research/Projects/ursi/Commissions.html">URSI -Commission J</A> working group, and the <A HREF="http://www.iau.org/">IAU</A> -has <A -HREF="http://clockdev.usno.navy.mil/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0009&L=leapsecs&F=lf&S=&…">plans</A> -to report on this proposal by 2003. -</UL> -<H2>Time notation</H2> -<UL> -<LI> -<A HREF="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html">A Summary of -the International Standard Date and Time Notation</A> is a good -summary of <A HREF="http://www.iso.ch/markete/moreend.htm">ISO -8601</A>. -</UL> -<H2>Related indexes</H2> -<UL> -<LI><A HREF="http://dmoz.org/Reference/Time/">Open Directory - -Reference: Time</A> -<LI><A HREF="tz-art.htm">Time and the Arts</A> -<LI><A HREF="http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/Measurements_and_Units/Time/Time_Zones/">Yahoo! - Science:Measurements and Units:Time:Time Zones</A> -</UL> -</BODY> -</HTML> +when leap seconds occur.</li> +<li>The <a +href="http://clockdev.usno.navy.mil/archives/leapsecs.html">Leap +Second Discussion List</a> covers <a +href="http://www.gisdevelopment.net/reference/scie/s_t_41_50.htm#47">McCarthy +and Klepczynski's proposal to remove leap seconds</a>, currently +being studied by a <a +href="http://www.intec.rug.ac.be/Research/Projects/ursi/Commissions.html">URSI +Commission J</a> working group, and the <a href="http://www.iau.org/">IAU</a> +has plans to report on this proposal by 2003.</li> +</ul> +<h2>Time notation</h2> +<ul> +<li> +<a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html">A Summary of +the International Standard Date and Time Notation</a> is a good +summary of <a href="http://www.iso.ch/markete/8601.pdf">ISO +8601:1988 - Data elements and interchange formats - Information interchange +- Representation of dates and times</a>.</li> +</ul> +<h2>Related indexes</h2> +<ul> +<li><a href="http://dmoz.org/Reference/Time/">Open Directory - +Reference: Time</a></li> +<li><a href="tz-art.htm">Time and the Arts</a></li> +<li><a href="http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/Measurements_and_Units/Time/Time_Zones/">Yahoo! - Science:Measurements and Units:Time:Time Zones</a></li> +</ul> +</body> +</html> =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/zone.tab,v retrieving revision 2000.7 retrieving revision 2000.7.0.1 diff -pu -r2000.7 -r2000.7.0.1 --- zone.tab 2000/10/10 15:35:18 2000.7 +++ zone.tab 2000/12/11 04:40:42 2000.7.0.1 @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ AW +1230-06858 America/Aruba AZ +4023+04951 Asia/Baku BA +4352+01825 Europe/Sarajevo BB +1306-05937 America/Barbados -BD +2343+09025 Asia/Dacca +BD +2343+09025 Asia/Dhaka BE +5050+00420 Europe/Brussels BF +1222-00131 Africa/Ouagadougou BG +4241+02319 Europe/Sofia @@ -71,16 +71,18 @@ BJ +0629+00237 Africa/Porto-Novo BM +3217-06446 Atlantic/Bermuda BN +0456+11455 Asia/Brunei BO -1630-06809 America/La_Paz -BR -0351-03225 America/Noronha Fernando de Noronha +BR -0351-03225 America/Noronha Atlantic islands BR -0127-04829 America/Belem Amapa, E Para -BR -0343-03830 America/Fortaleza NE Brazil (MA, PI, CE, RN, PR, PE) +BR -0343-03830 America/Fortaleza NE Brazil (MA, PI, CE, RN, PR) +BR -0803-03454 America/Recife Pernambuco BR -0712-04812 America/Araguaina Tocantins BR -0940-03543 America/Maceio Alagoas, Sergipe BR -2332-04637 America/Sao_Paulo S & SE Brazil (BA, GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS) BR -1535-05605 America/Cuiaba Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul BR -0846-06354 America/Porto_Velho W Para, Rondonia BR +0249-06040 America/Boa_Vista Roraima -BR -0308-06001 America/Manaus Amazonas +BR -0308-06001 America/Manaus E Amazonas +BR -0640-06952 America/Eirunepe W Amazonas BR -0934-06731 America/Porto_Acre Acre BS +2505-07721 America/Nassau BT +2728+08939 Asia/Thimphu @@ -94,11 +96,11 @@ CA +5320-06025 America/Goose_Bay Atlanti CA +4531-07334 America/Montreal Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - most locations CA +4901-08816 America/Nipigon Eastern Time - Ontario & Quebec - places that did not observe DST 1967-1973 CA +4823-08915 America/Thunder_Bay Eastern Time - Thunder Bay, Ontario +CA +6608-06544 America/Pangnirtung Eastern Standard Time - Pangnirtung, Nunavut +CA +6344-06828 America/Iqaluit Eastern Standard Time - east Nunavut +CA +6245-09210 America/Rankin_Inlet Eastern Standard Time - central Nunavut CA +4953-09709 America/Winnipeg Central Time - Manitoba & west Ontario CA +4843-09429 America/Rainy_River Central Time - Rainy River & Fort Frances, Ontario -CA +6608-06544 America/Pangnirtung Central Time - Pangnirtung, Nunavut -CA +6344-06828 America/Iqaluit Central Time - east Nunavut -CA +6245-09210 America/Rankin_Inlet Central Time - central Nunavut CA +6903-10505 America/Cambridge_Bay Central Time - west Nunavut CA +5024-10439 America/Regina Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - most locations CA +5017-10750 America/Swift_Current Central Standard Time - Saskatchewan - midwest

1 0

Re: NTP and POSIX Time in conflict?
by Alan Perry Dec. 9, 2000

Dec. 9, 2000

Did this discussion thread go anywhere? I had a "poorly timed" disk crash and lost a bunch of e-mail. What operating systems use local time as their basic clock these days? Just wondering. What was the issue with "NTP and POSIX Time in conflict?" alan >Some operating systems use local time as their basic clock. Novice >programmers often tell me that this is a good thing. I always find it >amusing to compare their arguments to the anti-leap-second arguments: > > Clocks are local time Clocks are non-leap-second counters > -------------------------------------------------------------------- > Computer clocks are set by Computer clocks are set by > humans, who use local time. NTP, which counts non-leap seconds. > > I don't know the time zone. I don't know the UTC-TAI difference. > > Who cares about occasional Who cares about occasional > errors in time subtraction? errors in time subtraction? > > Governments change time zones. IERS changes the leap-second table. > Keeping up to date is painful. Keeping up to date is painful. > > I just signed a contract that I just signed a contract that > specifies a future local time. specifies a future time in UTC. > How do I represent that time? How do I represent that time? > > An isolated system can't learn An isolated system can't learn > about time-zone changes. about new leap seconds. > >The unfortunate reality is that an isolated system can't maintain an >accurate local-time clock. How do we react to this? Do we screw up the >semantics of localtime(), saying that it's just fine for localtime() to >ignore changes in time zones and in the leap-second table? Or do we >maintain our standards for the semantics of localtime(), and acknowledge >that isolated systems can't support it properly? > >---Dan > > >

2 1

NTP and POSIX Time in conflict?
by Joe Gwinn Dec. 7, 2000

Dec. 7, 2000

First, let me introduce myself. I am the Chair of the Realtime part of the POSIX standards committee, the Vice Chair of all POSIX, and only slightly time-obsessed. I have been trying to straighten POSIX time issues out, but hasten to add that the larger POSIX community does not really care that much about accurate time, so it may take some persuading to make any changes. The current POSIX standard (IEEE Std 1003.1-1996) is very confusing and perhaps confused in its definition of time and time-related functions. Their intent appears to have been to dodge the whole issue of leap seconds (because isolated systems cannot know of leap seconds), to ensure that such things as file modification dates were causal (to the resolution of the clock), and to be simple to define and program. The fundamental clock of POSIX is "Seconds Since the Epoch", essentially a count (time_t) of SI Seconds elapsed since the Epoch (00:00:00 UTC 1 January 1970 AD), to which leap seconds are not applied. I call this clock "POSIX Time", and observe that it parallels TAI, albeit at a constant offset. "Broken-down time" in POSIX resembles UTC, but as leap seconds are not applied,is not in fact UTC. The fundamental problem with POSIX here is that the functions specified for conversion between POSIX Time and broken-down time fail if leap seconds are involved, in particular there are time values in one form that cannot be expressed in the other form. True UTC, as defined in ITU TR 460-4, does not share this problem, so posix is broken here. The above is background. Now some questions. 1. I have heard it claimed that the broken-ness of posix time prevented NTP from handling leap seconds correctly. Would you care to comment on this? Specifically, what specific brokenness causes what problem? 2. Arthur David Olson's library "tz" defines the POSIX Epoch as "1970-01-01 00:00:10 TAI", which is to say that POSIX Time differs from TAI by ten seconds. However, when I compute the difference using the USNO table of leapseconds, I get 8.000082 seconds, or very close to eight seconds, this being the number of leap seconds in UTC as of the POSIX Epoch. Why the difference? Ten seconds is the value when leap seconds were first applied, just before 1 January 1972, but is too large for 1 Jan 1970, and so it's tempting to simply define POSIX Time as offset from TAI by exactly eight whole seconds. Being off by 82 microseconds seems far less of a sin than being off by two seconds. Arthur David Olson recalls in an email that the intent was that if time_t is zero, then tm_min and tm_sec will also be zero, and the non-leapsecond and leapsecond scales will coincide at the Epoch, but diverge thereafter. One consequebce of this choice is the added constant two-second offset. Do you know of any added rationales? The issue here is which offset should POSIX choose, and why. Joe

4 4

RE: DST in west Amazonas and Fernando de Noronha
by Jesper Nørgaard Dec. 7, 2000

Dec. 7, 2000

Unfortunately, I couldn't load the pages http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbr.htm and Fusbrhv.htm today. I don't know if they have been permanently removed or renamed. Anyhow we should not make any changes to Fernando do Noronha just based on these pages, so if no other sources can be found that Fernando do Noronha was not on the same time as Pernambuco, it probably wasn't. Indeed it is also likely that I read them wrong if Paul Eggert doesn't read them that way. >The above-listed web page mentions Atalaia do Norte, Boca do Maoco, >Benjamin Constant, Eirunepé, Envira, and Ipixuna as being in west >Amazonas. I don't know offhand whether these are cities or districts. >I can't access the Brazilian Census Bureau pages at ><http://www.ibge.gov.br/ibge/default.php> (my Netscape 4.76 Solaris >browser rejects it with javascript errors) I had no problems loading these pages with Internet Explorer 5, but don't understand much portuguese. If "municípios" corresponds to the same thing as in spanish, these are municipality inhabitant counters, not strict city inhabitant counters. Indeed I am not completely sure if some names might only be a municipality and not also a city, but at least all the brazilian cities I know are mentioned so there is probably not much difference. I could confirm that population counters on the two mentioned pages were equivalent, and also that Eirunepé seems to be the most populous of the West Amazonas cities, so it seems to be the best choice for a new "America/Eirunepé" West Amazonas time zone. Thanks for the link to the brazilian population counters, they came in very useful for me. Regards, Jesper Nørgaard Email: jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx Programador/Analista CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Dirección: CIMMYT, Lisboa 27, 06600 Mexico, D.F. Tel.: +52 (5) 58-04-20-04 ext. 1374 Fax: +52 (5) 58-04-75-58 Tel. Casa: 53-10-05-95 ó 53-10-97-78 CIMMYT home page: http://cimmyt.cgiar.org Check out my Time Zone Converter: http://timezone50.homepage.com ---------- From: Paul Eggert[SMTP:eggert@twinsun.com] Sent: Lunes 4 de Diciembre de 2000 17.41 To: jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx Cc: tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov; worldclock(a)timeanddate.com Subject: Re: DST in west Amazonas and Fernando de Noronha > Date: Fri, 03 Nov 2000 19:17:14 -0600 > From: <jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx> > http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbr.htm > http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbrhv.htm Thanks for those pointers; I'll put them somewhere in my next proposed patches. > Since the TZ database for Brazil has been elaborated per state, we > have an obligation to document the exceptions from that. Yes, I think we should add a new entry, since as far as I can see, west Amazonas observed DST in 1993/1994, whereas Acre did not; so it's not the case that the two regions' clocks have been the same since 1970. > Therefore I suggest to put a second entry in the TZ database for > Amazonas as "America/Atalaia_do_Norte" or something like that. The above-listed web page mentions Atalaia do Norte, Boca do Maoco, Benjamin Constant, Eirunepé, Envira, and Ipixuna as being in west Amazonas. I don't know offhand whether these are cities or districts. I can't access the Brazilian Census Bureau pages at <http://www.ibge.gov.br/ibge/default.php> (my Netscape 4.76 Solaris browser rejects it with javascript errors), but <http://www.dcc.ufrj.br/~cristina/dadosam.html> gives the following cities in Amazonas, in decreasing order of population: MANAUS 1157357 PARINTINS 71574 MANACAPURU 65577 ITACOATIARA 64937 TEFE 62616 COARI 53327 MANICORE 37704 MAUES 36628 TABATINGA 32009 LABREA 27517 SAO GABRIEL DA CACHOEIRA 26992 IRANDUBA 26612 EIRUNEPE 25776 ... BENJAMIN CONSTANT 23633 ... ENVIRA 18192 ... IPIXUNA 11120 ... ATALAIA DO NORTE 8108 ... So it appears that America/Eirunepe would be a better choice than Atalaia do Norte. However, I don't see a population entry for Boca do Maoco, and I'm not sure what that is (perhaps a district?). > According to these official pages, Fernando do Noronha has been on > DST for some while back (e.g. before October 15 where the status > probably changed). I don't read the pages that way. http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbr.htm and http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbrhv.htm both list Fernando de Noronha as being 2 hours behind UTC. It is a little tricky, since the pages also list the offset from Brasilia, and this offset does differ between winter and summer.

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Re: zoneinfo/right/
by Markus Kuhn Dec. 6, 2000

Dec. 6, 2000

Andreas Schwab wrote on 2000-12-06 22:15 UTC: > Chmouel Boudjnah <chmouel(a)mandrakesoft.com> writes: > |> Could someone point me who use /usr/share/zoneinfo/right/ ? and if > |> it's needed ? Nobody needs this. The "right/" time zones are an experimental mechanism to play around with an alternative non-POSIX time_t definition, in which the seconds-since-the-epoch quantity increases even during a leap second. This is in violation of ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996 section 2.2.2.113 and is clearly not recommended for general use, otherwise your time_t values will differ from the rest of the world by the TAI-UTC difference (currently 30 seconds). It has the advantage that time_t becomes a true second counter that does not behave funnily during leap seconds and difftime() becomes equivalent to subtraction. Apart from adventurous leap second geeks, nobody should ever use the "right/ " time zones, as they might cause your NFS file timestamps and quite a couple of other applications that depend on the POSIX definition of seconds-since-the-epoch (which does not count leap seconds) to be wrong by half a minute. They can safely be omitted from a Linux distribution if disk space is precious. > ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzarchive.gz Markus -- Markus G. Kuhn, Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK Email: mkuhn at acm.org, WWW: <http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/>

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