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Names in time.h C extension
by Markus Kuhn Sept. 29, 1998

Sept. 29, 1998

Thanks for the many comments that I have received on the modernized <time.h> C API on http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/c-time/ I'll try to respond to every comment individually, but there issue that I'd like to address first separately: the names of the new elements. Almost half of all comments that I received suggested that the current namespace use of struct xtime xtime_*() strfxtime() TIME_* be changed into something else. I received numerous alternative proposals, and the only common thing among them was that they were almost all different. Most of the criticism seemed to have been just a matter of taste and not based on technical superiority of the alternative. The individual proposals were: Paul Eggert: xtime -> stime (short for "standard time", no rationale given) Nathan Myers: xtime_format: "To plan or arrange in a specified form" xtime_compose: "To make or create by putting together parts or elements." xtime_resolve: "To separate (something) into constituent parts." Ken Pizzini: timex "There is an old tradition of language design that the language and its libraries strongly avoid using identifiers starting with the letter 'x' --- a desperate application writer can then blithely prepenend an 'x' to all its first-choice identifiers and be safe." John Hauser: xtime_sleep, xtime_pack, xtime_unpack Jake Knoppers: timex "I would recommend using the term 'timex'. It is a invented term, a.k.a. coined term or neoligism, to which can be attached the apprpriate definition as well as a note at the end of such defintion of ' Formerly known as xtime'. 'Time' as word is used with multiple meanings and its use can quickly become confusing and inadvertently may have unforeseen results. Having the x precede the _resolves the ambiguity resulting from the x after _ ." Ken Pizzini: lists moment, instant, beat, clock, chronos, tiempo, heure, favours chronos Antoine Leca: chronos is better than timex or xtime (without explanation) Ok, here my reply: How did I get to xtime? Well, the original type was called time_t and I wanted to stay as close as possible to the traditional naming scheme of the C API. So I removed the _t, because this is inappropriate for a struct name. Now I had a collision with time(). My new type was an "extended time", as it had extended range, extended resolution, and a leap second extention, so for me xtime for "extendted time type" was a very obvious and nearby choice. While reviewing the comments, I haven't found a convincing reason why any of the other name proposals are better. Many of them are definitely worse. Some points I want to mention are: - Since this type is both used for clock values and for time intervals, "time" seems to me a much more appropriate base term than anything based on "clock". The clock_* namespace is already reserved for POSIX.1. - The C API is completely based on the English language, introducing terms from other languages as Antoine proposed (chronos) would certainly break some tradition. - I have never run into the "old tradition" that Ken Pizzini mentioned of programming languages reserving x prefixes for application variables. Do you have a formal reference for this, especially for the C language. The thought that it is good practice to start all your application identifiers with "x" sounds quite bizarre to me. I am not too concerned about remote chances of name collisions with a small number of applications, as there are many simple tools out there to automatically replace identifiers in software. - the type can also be used for many things that can be described as non-standard times (TIME_MONOTONIC comes to mind), therefore I don't see at all the special appeal of stime (for "standard time"). - I was surprised that suggestions that I had expected were not made: mkxtime would follow closer the traditional naming (as I did with strfxtime), and the traditional C API does not use underscores inside words (I was more influenced by POSIX.1b "tradition" here) anyway. Nathan Myers' proposal xtime_format instead of strfxtime goes even in the opposite direction, imitating more OO-style naming conventions instead of preserving the old style. I'd leave these ambitions to those who write the Python, Ada, Java, and C++ bindings for these functions. - I used "delay" instead of "sleep" only because I feel that sleep implies that the process is suspended or that the processor is put into a sleep mode, while delay does not imply any such implementation detail. There is some tradition for sleep in the sleep and nanosleep POSIX system calls, but I felt that an OS-independent programming language should not imply implementation details such as sending the process into a sleep state. Therefore I considered the Ada and Turbo Pascal "delay" statements to be closer related and more appropriate as a source for the name. - xtime_pack and xtime_unpack has for me at least a very different connotation. For me, packing and unpacking sounds more like shuffling bits around into a more compact arrangement (analog to say Ada's "packed arrays"), and does not imply the application of time zone algorithms, etc. C programmers are familiar with mktime, so "make" seemed to me much more intuitive. The struct tm representation is referred to in the standard as a broken-down time format, therefore something based on breakup seemed to me the closest and most obvious choice for the name of the inverse function of "make". The existing practice of localtime() and gmtime() is not useful here, as the name there was completely based on the specific time zone. Frankly, I don't care at all about the names, I am much more interested in the functionality, but I am also not convinced why any of the alternative proposals I have seen so far is better than what we have at the moment. Therefore, I haven't changed anything here yet. The committee is probably anyway going to rediscuss this issue, no matter what we submit ... ;-) Markus -- Markus G. Kuhn, Security Group, Computer Lab, Cambridge University, UK email: mkuhn at acm.org, home page: <http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/>

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RE: daylight-saving time in Egypt; problem with zic and `24:00'
by Olson, Arthur David (NCI) Sept. 28, 1998

Sept. 28, 1998

...unfortunately, `zic' does not let you enter the transition time `24:00', meaning midnight at the end of the day; it complains `invalid time of day'. `zic' should probably be enhanced to allow 24:00, as that is often what the rules actually say -- Egypt is an example of this.... Here's a proposed patch for zic.c to explicitly allow 24:00 (or 24:00:00); certainly if it gets used in data files such as "africa", a comment about the potential need for downloading a new time zone compiler might be placed near the scene of the crime. --ado *** 7.94/zic.c Mon Sep 28 23:11:25 1998 --- 7.95/zic.c Mon Sep 28 23:11:26 1998 *************** *** 1,6 **** #ifndef lint #ifndef NOID ! static char elsieid[] = "@(#)zic.c 7.94"; #endif /* !defined NOID */ #endif /* !defined lint */ --- 1,6 ---- #ifndef lint #ifndef NOID ! static char elsieid[] = "@(#)zic.c 7.95"; #endif /* !defined NOID */ #endif /* !defined lint */ *************** *** 901,909 **** error(errstring); return 0; } ! if (hh < 0 || hh >= HOURSPERDAY || mm < 0 || mm >= MINSPERHOUR || ! ss < 0 || ss > SECSPERMIN) { error(errstring); return 0; } --- 901,910 ---- error(errstring); return 0; } ! if ((hh < 0 || hh >= HOURSPERDAY || mm < 0 || mm >= MINSPERHOUR || ! ss < 0 || ss > SECSPERMIN) && ! !(hh == HOURSPERDAY && mm == 0 && ss == 0)) { error(errstring); return 0; }

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FW: Early DST for Chile?
by Olson, Arthur David (NCI) Sept. 28, 1998

Sept. 28, 1998

-----Original Message----- From: Ian Tragen [SMTP:ian@mirage1.u-net.com] Sent: Monday, September 28, 1998 3:38 PM To: 'tz' Subject: Early DST for Chile? I am informed that Chile changed to DST earlier than usual on Sunday 27th Sept. this year. Ian Tragen Mirage Audio Visual Media web site: http://www.mirage1.u-net.com =============================

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FW: Changes in zoneinfo
by Olson, Arthur David (NCI) Sept. 28, 1998

Sept. 28, 1998

-----Original Message----- From: Marcos Tadeu [SMTP:marcos@MicroLink.com.br] Sent: Sunday, September 27, 1998 12:11 PM To: tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov Subject: Changes in zoneinfo There are a DS for 1998(in)/1999(out). The Brazilian official page is http://pcdsh01.on.br/verao1.html This diff is generate from tzdata1998c.tar.gz file in slackware package. -------------------------------------------------------------- --- southamerica.orig Sat Feb 28 15:32:26 1998 +++ southamerica Sun Sep 27 13:07:49 1998 @@ -289,10 +289,15 @@ # Brazil Prepares for Papal Visit # </a>, # Church Net UK (1997-10-02). +# +# From Marcos Tadeu (1998-10-27): +# In 1998, the DS begin in October 11 and end in Feb 21, 1999. +# Brazilian official page: http://pcdsh01.on.br./verao1.html +# Rule Brazil 1997 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 D Rule Brazil 1998 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 S -Rule Brazil 1998 max - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Brazil 1999 max - Feb Sun>=11 0:00 0 S +Rule Brazil 1998 max - Oct Sun>=11 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Brazil 1999 max - Feb Sun>=17 0:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # ----------------------------------------------------------

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FW: zoneinfo changes for Europe/Latvia
by Olson, Arthur David (NCI) Sept. 28, 1998

Sept. 28, 1998

-----Original Message----- From: alexander smishlajev [SMTP:als@turnhere.com] Sent: Monday, September 28, 1998 12:21 PM To: tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov Subject: zoneinfo changes for Europe/Latvia timezone info for Latvia is out of date. since 1997, switching to the "winter" time occurs at the end of October. please apply the following patch. thank you. alexander smishlajev <<europe.dif>>

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zoneinfo changes for Europe/Latvia
by alexander smishlajev Sept. 28, 1998

Sept. 28, 1998

timezone info for Latvia is out of date. since 1997, switching to the "winter" time occurs at the end of October. please apply the following patch. thank you. alexander smishlajev

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Changes in zoneinfo
by Marcos Tadeu Sept. 27, 1998

Sept. 27, 1998

There are a DS for 1998(in)/1999(out). The Brazilian official page is http://pcdsh01.on.br/verao1.html This diff is generate from tzdata1998c.tar.gz file in slackware package. -------------------------------------------------------------- --- southamerica.orig Sat Feb 28 15:32:26 1998 +++ southamerica Sun Sep 27 13:07:49 1998 @@ -289,10 +289,15 @@ # Brazil Prepares for Papal Visit # </a>, # Church Net UK (1997-10-02). +# +# From Marcos Tadeu (1998-10-27): +# In 1998, the DS begin in October 11 and end in Feb 21, 1999. +# Brazilian official page: http://pcdsh01.on.br./verao1.html +# Rule Brazil 1997 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 D Rule Brazil 1998 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 S -Rule Brazil 1998 max - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Brazil 1999 max - Feb Sun>=11 0:00 0 S +Rule Brazil 1998 max - Oct Sun>=11 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Brazil 1999 max - Feb Sun>=17 0:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # ----------------------------------------------------------

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FW: dls in Egypt (forwarded with permission)
by Olson, Arthur David (NCI) Sept. 25, 1998

Sept. 25, 1998

-----Original Message----- From: Rives McDow [SMTP:rmcdow@ibm.net] Sent: Thursday, September 24, 1998 9:56 AM To: Olson, Arthur David (NCI) Subject: dls in Egypt Dear Mr. Ols[o]n, In your recent updates, there were several items that I checked on from the IATA SSIM that I was not yet familiar with. I am still checking on most that I was not familiar with, but the item concerning Egypt I am not sure is outlined to reflect what actually happens there. Egypt changes their time at midnight between Thursday and Friday, so when you say the time changes the 4th Friday in September, are you meaning this? They change their time tonight (actually in about 5 minutes from when I send this message). As far as the 4th Friday as opposed to the last Friday, my sources have told me that it is the last Friday, but I am having them check more thoroughly to clear this up. Sincerely, Rives McDow

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FW: dls in Egypt
by Olson, Arthur David (NCI) Sept. 24, 1998

Sept. 24, 1998

-----Original Message----- From: Rives McDow [SMTP:rmcdow@ibm.net] Sent: Thursday, September 24, 1998 10:59 AM To: Olson, Arthur David (NCI) Subject: RE: dls in Egypt Dear Mr. Olson, It is fine with me for the questions to be forwarded; I sent it to you to avoid the traffic on the list if it is unnecessary. I thought the question I asked would be more pertinent to you and the way your code handled the data rather than a question seeking an answer about the data. I have regular contacts all over the world regarding local time information, and at some point will be running a full comparison with your data. I am interested in corresponding with someone who is familiar with the code using the data, and could possibly suggest a method of easily generating a listing of all the entries that are currently in use, along with the time zone and daylight savings information. With this in a tabulated type of format, I could run a full comparison with my data fairly easily. I am somewhat a beginner at using C, so it will most probably take me some time to write a program myself, and other things are more pressing. If you know of someone who is familiar with the code and data, please let me know. I use both the PC and the Mac, but prefer to use the Mac because of the ease in working with large files. Sincerely, Rives McDow

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tzcode1998g.tar.gz and tzdata1998h.tar.gz
by Olson, Arthur David (NCI) Sept. 24, 1998

Sept. 24, 1998

The files ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzcode1998g.tar.gz and ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata1998h.tar.gz are now available. These files contain the changes circulated by Paul Eggert on the time zone mailing list; there's also a correction to a define in the "private.h" file. --ado

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proposed changes to tz data for Baltic republics, Mexico, Crimea, etc.
by Paul Eggert Sept. 22, 1998

Sept. 22, 1998

Here are some proposed changes to the tz data that I've been saving up for a while. * Revamp the rules for Latvia since 1944, taken from a very nice summary of legal citations sent in Thursday by Liene Kanepe. * The following changes came from data derived from recent issues of the IATA SSIM, kindly forwarded by Gwillim Law. - Lithuania and Estonia observe EU DST rules starting this year. - Two states in Mexico switched time zones last year, requiring the addition of two entries: America/Cancun and America/Chihuahua. - Crimea switched back to EET from Moscow time last year. - Libya stopped observing DST this year, and last year used rules other than what the older SSIM predicted. - Egypt's DST transitions are the 4th Friday in April, not the last Friday; transitions occur at midnight (not at 01:00 in spring and 03:00 in fall). - Kirgizstan switched to EU-like rules (except switching at 02:30 local time) last year. - Azerbaijan switched from the EU rules to slightly localized rules (switching at 01:00 local time instead of 01:00 UTC) last year. - New Caledonia stopped observing DST last year. - Cuba's DST rules are now more like the US's (but not exactly like). - Haiti stopped observing DST this year. - Paraguay's DST dates have changed slightly. - Update guesses about what happened in Armenia between 1992 and 1997. * The following changes were derived from a newer version (1995) of Shanks's atlas. - What is now Uzbekistan had two time zones until 1981. Add an entry Asia/Samarkand to reflect the other zone. (I always wanted an excuse to add Samarkand....) - Asia/Ashkhabad, Asia/Dushanbe, and Asia/Tashkent switched to standard time in 1930, not 1957. There were several other changes for these cities between 1930 and the present. - Europe/Minsk had several changes for times before 1992. - The Cook Islands stopped observing DST in 1991. - Add greater precision to historical times for Asia/Colombo (e.g. it was at 5:19:32 (not 5:20) between 1880 and 1906), America/Cayman, America/Jamaica, America/St_Vincent, America/Grand_Turk. * Update references in WWW.htm, and remove a stray </P> that nsgmls said does not conform to the standard. * Rename Asia/Alma-Ata to Asia/Almaty, as most references in English to this city now use the Kazakh name instead of the older Russian name. Here is the patch: =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/WWW.htm,v retrieving revision 1998.5 retrieving revision 1998.5.1.1 diff -p -u -r1998.5 -r1998.5.1.1 --- WWW.htm 1998/05/28 13:56:25 1998.5 +++ WWW.htm 1998/09/23 00:18:21 1998.5.1.1 @@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ <H6> @(#)WWW.htm 7.15 </H6> -</P> <H2>Paul Eggert writes:</H2><P> The public-domain tz database contains code and data that represent the history of local time @@ -63,17 +62,18 @@ Time of Internet</A> contains good descriptions of Time Zones and daylight saving time, with diagrams. The time zone map is out of date, however. -<LI><A HREF="http://community.bellcore.com/mbr/gmt-explained.html">A Few Facts -Concerning GMT, UT, and the RGO</A> +<LI><A HREF="http://ecco.bsee.swin.edu.au/chronos/GMT-explained.html">A +Few Facts Concerning GMT, UT, and the RGO</A> answers questions like ``What is the difference between GMT and UTC?'' <LI><A HREF="http://www.energy.ca.gov/daylightsaving.html">Daylight Saving Time -- Saving Time, Saving Energy</A> is a history of DST in the US. -<LI><A HREF="http://www.yahoo.com/Science/Weights_and_Measures/Measurements/Time/Dayligh…">Yahoo! - Science:Weights and Measures:Measurements:Time:Daylight Saving Time</A> +<LI><A HREF="http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/Measurements_and_Units/Time/Time_Zones/">Yahoo! - Science:Measurements and Units:Time:Time Zones</A> is where the famous Internet indexing service Yahoo! collects its time zone info. <LI>The <A HREF="http://www.iata.org/">International Air Transport Association</A> -publishes the IATA SSIM, which gives current time zone rules for +publishes the IATA Standard Schedules Information Manual (SSIM), +which gives current time zone rules for all the airports served by commercial aviation. <LI><A HREF="http://hpiers.obspm.fr/webiers/results/bul/README.html">Bulletins of IERS</A> contains official publications of the @@ -82,11 +82,11 @@ when leap seconds occur. </UL> <P> -- <A HREF="mailto:eggert@twinsun.com">eggert(a)twinsun.com</A> -(1997-12-26) +(1998-09-22) </P> <H2>Arthur David Olson writes:</H2><P> A good source of information about ISO 8601 seems to be -<A HREF="http://www.ft.uni-erlangen.de/~mskuhn/iso-time.html">International +<A HREF="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html">International Standard Date and Time Notation</A> maintained by Markus Kuhn. <P> =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/africa,v retrieving revision 1998.5 retrieving revision 1998.5.1.1 diff -p -u -r1998.5 -r1998.5.1.1 --- africa 1998/05/28 13:56:12 1998.5 +++ africa 1998/09/23 00:18:21 1998.5.1.1 @@ -206,9 +206,10 @@ Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S -# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00; go with Shanks. -Rule Egypt 1995 max - Apr lastFri 1:00 1:00 S -Rule Egypt 1995 max - Sep lastFri 3:00 0 - +# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. +# Go with IATA starting in 1995. +Rule Egypt 1995 max - Apr Fri>=22 0:00s 1:00 S +Rule Egypt 1995 max - Sep lastFri 23:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:00 - LMT 1900 Oct @@ -323,15 +324,16 @@ Rule Libya 1987 1990 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 1990 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1996 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Libya 1996 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 - -Rule Libya 1997 max - Mar lastThu 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Libya 1997 max - Oct Thu>=1 2:00s 0 - +Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 2:00 - EET 1982 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1991 2:00 - EET 1996 Mar 30 3:00 - 1:00 Libya CE%sT + 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 0:00 + 2:00 - EET # Madagascar # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/asia,v retrieving revision 1998.5 retrieving revision 1998.5.1.1 diff -p -u -r1998.5 -r1998.5.1.1 --- asia 1998/05/28 13:56:14 1998.5 +++ asia 1998/09/23 00:18:21 1998.5.1.1 @@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): # # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is -# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), -# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). +# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition), +# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995). # Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below. # # Gwillim Law <LAW(a)encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source @@ -78,24 +78,30 @@ Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 4:30 - AFT # Armenia -# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-04): +# From Paul Eggert (1998-??-??): # Shanks has Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) in spring 1991, # but usno1995 has Armenia at 4:00 (with DST), and Edgar Der-Danieliantz -# <edd(a)AIC.NET> reported today that Yerevan probably won't use DST this year, -# though it did use DST in 1995. We guess Yerevan stayed in sync with Moscow -# between 1990 and 1995, but stopped using DST in 1996. -# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Armenia 1991 1995 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Armenia 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - +# <edd(a)AIC.NET> reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST +# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that +# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, +# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. +# What a mess! We guess Yerevan DST stayed in sync with Moscow between 1990 +# and 1995, did not use DST in 1996, and started using DST again in 1997. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence - 3:00 Armenia AM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Armenia Time - 4:00 Armenia AM%sT + 3:00 1:00 AMST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s # Armenia Time + 3:00 - AMT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1996 + 4:00 - AMT 1997 + 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT # Azerbaijan +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 1:00 1:00 S +Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 1:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time @@ -103,7 +109,8 @@ Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time - 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT + 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997 + 4:00 Azer AZ%sT # Bahrain # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] @@ -183,7 +190,7 @@ Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 # note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986. # Go with Shanks for now. I made up names for the other pre-1980 time zones. -# From Shanks (1991): +# From Shanks (1995): # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S @@ -458,12 +465,7 @@ Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 # ISRAEL 2 H AHEAD OF UTC # ISRAEL 3 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 10 - SEP 3 -# From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1993-11-18): -# -# Shanks gives the following rules for Jerusalem from 1918 through 1991. -# After 1989 Shanks often disagrees with Silverberg; we go with Silverberg. - -# From Shanks (1991): +# From Shanks (1995): # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S @@ -569,6 +571,12 @@ Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S +# From Member of Knesset Avraham Poraz, as quoted in Ha'aretz (1998-09-02): +# [The 1998-09-06 transition is to] serve the interests of a small minority +# of ultra-Orthodox Sephardic Jews who, during the [Hebrew] month of Elul, +# recite Slihot penitential prayers in the early morning hours +# and thus find daylight time inconvenient. + # From Paul Eggert (1998-01-12): # Here are guesses for rules after 1998. # They are probably wrong, but they are more likely than no DST at all. @@ -644,7 +652,7 @@ Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan. # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Asia/Alma-Ata 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Almaty +Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 5:00 - ALMT 1957 Mar # Alma-Ata Time 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 5:00 1:00 ALMST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s @@ -666,11 +674,13 @@ Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May # Kirgizstan # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Kirgiz 1992 max - Apr Sun>=7 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Kirgiz 1991 max - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule Kirgiz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Kirgiz 1991 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule Kirgiz 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S +Rule Kirgiz 1997 max - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 5:00 - FRUT 1957 Mar # Frunze Time + 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 # independence 5:00 Kirgiz KG%sT # Kirgizstan Time @@ -684,7 +694,7 @@ Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May # Daylight Savings Time was not observed until 1987. He did not know # at what time of day DST starts or ends. -# From Shanks (1991): +# From Shanks (1995): # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S @@ -957,7 +967,7 @@ Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:24 - LMT 1880 # </a> # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.'' -# Transitions before 1996 are from Shanks (1991). +# Transitions before 1996 are from Shanks (1995). # # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted # by Shamindra in @@ -969,7 +979,7 @@ Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:24 - LMT 1880 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 - 5:20 - CEYT 1906 # Ceylon Time + 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 @@ -1007,7 +1017,8 @@ Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - -# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says 1997-03-31; assume that it should be 1997-04-01. +# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says 1997-03-31; (1998-02) says 1998-04-02, +# 1999-03-29, and 1999-09-29; ignore all these claims for now. Rule Syria 1994 max - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1994 max - Oct 1 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] @@ -1015,9 +1026,10 @@ Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 2:00 Syria EE%sT # Tajikistan +# From Shanks (1995), who writes ``date of change uncertain'' for 1991. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 5:00 - DUST 1957 Mar # Dushanbe Time + 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 # independence 5:00 RussiaAsia TJ%sT 1992 @@ -1030,14 +1042,17 @@ Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 7:00 - ICT # Turkmenistan +# From Shanks (1995): # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Ashkhabad 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashgabat - 4:00 - ASHT 1957 Mar # Ashkhabad Time - 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 4:00 1:00 ASHST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 4:00 - ASHT 1991 Oct 27 # independence - 4:00 - TMT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s - 5:00 - TMT # Turkmenistan Time + 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time + 5:00 - ASHT 1981 Apr 1 + 5:00 1:00 ASHST 1981 Oct 1 + 6:00 - ASHT 1982 Apr 1 + 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 + 5:00 - ASHT 1991 Oct 27 # independence + 5:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1993 # Turkmenistan Time + 5:00 - TMT # United Arab Emirates # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] @@ -1045,14 +1060,24 @@ Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 4:00 - GST # Uzbekistan +# From Shanks (1995): # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 + 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time + 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1 + 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1 + 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 # Tashkent Time + 5:00 - TAST 1991 Sep 1 # independence + 5:00 - UZT 1992 + 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1993 + 5:00 - UZT Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 - 5:00 - TAST 1957 Mar # Tashkent Time + 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 5:00 1:00 TASST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 5:00 - UZT # Uzbekistan Time -# Shanks has Tashkent using DST after 1991, but usno1995 says they don't. -# Guess no DST after 1991. + 5:00 - TAST 1991 Sep 1 # independence + 5:00 - UZT 1992 + 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1993 + 5:00 - UZT # Vietnam # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1993-11-18): =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/australasia,v retrieving revision 1998.5 retrieving revision 1998.5.1.1 diff -p -u -r1998.5 -r1998.5.1.1 --- australasia 1998/05/28 13:56:14 1998.5 +++ australasia 1998/09/23 00:18:21 1998.5.1.1 @@ -181,10 +181,11 @@ Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time # Cook Is +# From Shanks (1995): # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS -Rule Cook 1979 max - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - -Rule Cook 1979 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS +Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - +Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time @@ -270,9 +271,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 J # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - -Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule NC 1997 max - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - -Rule NC 1997 max - Nov lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 11:00 NC NC%sT @@ -447,8 +447,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is -# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), -# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). +# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition), +# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995). # # Gwillim Law <LAW(a)encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport @@ -834,7 +834,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # hour ahead of NSW time. # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): -# For Lord Howe we use Shanks through its time of publication (1991). +# For Lord Howe we use Shanks through 1991. # Lord Howe is part of NSW, so we'll guess it has used the same transition # times as NSW since 1991, even though Shanks writes that Lord Howe went # with Victoria when NSW and Victoria disagreed in 1982. =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/europe,v retrieving revision 1998.7 retrieving revision 1998.7.1.1 diff -p -u -r1998.7 -r1998.7.1.1 --- europe 1998/08/11 03:12:57 1998.7 +++ europe 1998/09/23 00:18:21 1998.7.1.1 @@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is -# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), -# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). +# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition), +# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995). # # Gwillim Law <LAW(a)encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport @@ -951,10 +951,14 @@ Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:0 Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 DS Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - +# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in +# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S +# Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S @@ -1056,15 +1060,17 @@ Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Ap 1:00 EU CE%sT # Belarus +# Transitions before 1991 are from Shanks (1995). # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 - 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct + 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 + 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00 - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00 + 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 2:00s 2:00 Russia EE%sT # Belgium @@ -1244,7 +1250,8 @@ Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s - 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT + 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 + 2:00 EU EE%sT # Finland # See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted. @@ -1570,14 +1577,45 @@ Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino # Latvia -# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): -# Rules after 1991 are by extension from Shanks. They contradict -# IATA SSIM (1992/1996), which claims Latvia uses W-Eur rules, but -# Peter Ilieve's relative writes that Latvia switched in September this year, -# so we'll assume that the old C-Eur-style rules still apply. + +# From Liene Kanepe <Liene_Kanepe(a)lm.gov.lv> (1998-09-17): + +# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy +# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the +# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about +# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... +# +# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... +# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 +# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning +# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) +# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). +# +# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... +# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 +# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning +# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 +# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of +# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). +# +# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... +# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 +# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, +# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the +# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia +# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 +# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of +# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 +# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is +# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... +# +# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of +# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of +# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Latvia 1992 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Latvia 1992 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - +Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time @@ -1587,10 +1625,13 @@ Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 8 - 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s - 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 2:00 Latvia EE%sT + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 + # Shanks says 1944-08-08, but + # Riga fell to the Red Army on 1944-10-13. + 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s + 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s + 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 + 2:00 EU EE%sT # Liechtenstein # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] @@ -1610,8 +1651,9 @@ Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s - 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Mar 29 2:00s - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT + 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 + 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u + 1:00 EU CE%sT # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is # known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. @@ -2262,8 +2304,8 @@ Rule Crimea 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:0 Rule Crimea 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 CDST Rule Crimea 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 CST Rule Crimea 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 NMT -Rule Crimea 1996 max - Mar lastSun 0:00u 1:00 - -Rule Crimea 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00u 0 - +Rule Crimea 1996 only - Mar lastSun 0:00u 1:00 - +Rule Crimea 1996 only - Oct lastSun 0:00u 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 2:02:04 Ukraine %s 1924 May 2 @@ -2281,9 +2323,12 @@ Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 188 # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. # For now, guess it changed Feb 1. 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 Feb -# From IATA SSIM (1994/1996), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. +# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 - 3:00 Crimea MSK/MSD +# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. +# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. + 3:00 Crimea MSK/MSD 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u + 2:00 EU EE%sT # Yugoslavia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/northamerica,v retrieving revision 1998.5 retrieving revision 1998.5.1.1 diff -p -u -r1998.5 -r1998.5.1.1 --- northamerica 1998/05/28 13:56:16 1998.5 +++ northamerica 1998/09/23 00:18:21 1998.5.1.1 @@ -459,8 +459,8 @@ Link Pacific/Honolulu HST # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): # A good source for time zone historical data outside the US is -# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), -# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). +# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition), +# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995). # # Gwillim Law <LAW(a)encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport @@ -1002,6 +1002,12 @@ Rule BajaN 1950 1966 - Apr lastSun 2:00 Rule BajaN 1950 1961 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule BajaN 1961 1966 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +# Quintana Roo +Zone America/Cancun -5:47:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 1:12:42 + -6:00 - CST 1996 + -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1997 Oct lastSun 2:00 + -5:00 Mexico E%sT +# Central Mexico Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:23:24 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15 @@ -1009,6 +1015,18 @@ Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 - LMT -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct -7:00 - MST 1932 Mar 30 23:00 -6:00 Mexico C%sT +# Chihuahua +Zone America/Chihuahua -7:04:20 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:55:44 + -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 + -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15 + -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00 + -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct + -7:00 - MST 1932 Mar 30 23:00 + -6:00 - CST 1996 + -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998 + -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00 + -7:00 Mexico M%sT +# S Baja California, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Sonora Zone America/Mazatlan -7:05:40 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:54:20 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15 @@ -1019,6 +1037,7 @@ Zone America/Mazatlan -7:05:40 - LMT 192 -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14 -8:00 - PST 1970 -7:00 Mexico M%sT +# N Baja California Zone America/Tijuana -7:48:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:11:56 -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 16 @@ -1027,6 +1046,7 @@ Zone America/Tijuana -7:48:04 - LMT 1922 -8:00 BajaN P%sT 1967 Apr lastSun 2:00 -8:00 US P%sT 1996 -8:00 Mexico P%sT +# Baja California Zone America/Ensenada -7:46:28 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:13:32 -8:00 - PST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 -7:00 - MST 1930 Nov 16 @@ -1069,7 +1089,7 @@ Rule Barb 1979 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S Rule Barb 1980 only - Sep 25 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Barbados -3:58:28 - LMT 1924 # Bridgetown - -3:58 - BMT 1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time + -3:58:28 - BMT 1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time -4:00 Barb A%sT # Belize @@ -1094,7 +1114,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:04 - LMT 193 # Cayman Is # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Cayman -5:25:32 - LMT 1890 # Georgetown - -5:07 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time + -5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time -5:00 - EST # Costa Rica @@ -1150,10 +1170,13 @@ Rule Cuba 1978 1990 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 Rule Cuba 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D Rule Cuba 1981 1985 - May Sun>=5 0:00 1:00 D Rule Cuba 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=14 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Cuba 1990 max - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1990 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Cuba 1991 1995 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00s 0 S -Rule Cuba 1996 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 S -Rule Cuba 1997 max - Oct Sun>=8 0:00s 0 S +Rule Cuba 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00s 0 S +Rule Cuba 1997 only - Oct 12 0:00s 0 S +Rule Cuba 1998 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 1998 max - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S +Rule Cuba 1999 max - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 D # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890 @@ -1216,8 +1239,8 @@ Rule Haiti 1983 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 D Rule Haiti 1984 1987 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D Rule Haiti 1983 1987 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S # Shanks says AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says 1:00s. Go with IATA. -Rule Haiti 1988 max - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D -Rule Haiti 1988 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 S +Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D +Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 - LMT 1890 -4:49 - PPMT 1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT @@ -1240,7 +1263,7 @@ Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 - LMT # From Shanks (1991): # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:12 - LMT 1890 # Kingston - -5:07 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time + -5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time -5:00 - EST 1974 Jan 6 2:00 -5:00 US E%sT 1984 -5:00 - EST @@ -1310,12 +1333,12 @@ Zone America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 191 # St Vincent and the Grenadines # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/St_Vincent -4:04:56 - LMT 1890 # Kingstown - -4:05 - KMT 1912 # Kingstown Mean Time + -4:04:56 - KMT 1912 # Kingstown Mean Time -4:00 - AST # Turks and Caicos -# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): -# Shanks says they use US DST rules, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) +# From Paul Eggert (1998-08-06): +# Shanks says they use US DST rules, but IATA SSIM (1991/1998) # says they switch at midnight. Go with IATA SSIM. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule TC 1979 1986 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D @@ -1323,7 +1346,7 @@ Rule TC 1979 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S Rule TC 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890 - -5:07 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time + -5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time -5:00 TC E%sT # British Virgin Is =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/southamerica,v retrieving revision 1998.3 retrieving revision 1998.3.1.1 diff -p -u -r1998.3 -r1998.3.1.1 --- southamerica 1998/02/28 17:32:26 1998.3 +++ southamerica 1998/09/23 00:18:21 1998.3.1.1 @@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is -# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), -# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). +# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition), +# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995). # # Gwillim Law <LAW(a)encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport @@ -310,6 +310,8 @@ Zone America/Fortaleza -2:34:00 - LMT 19 -3:00 - EST # # Alagoas, Sergipe, Tocantins +# IATA SSIM (1996/1998) keeps bouncing back and forth as to whether +# Alagoas and Sergipe observe DST. For now, continue to assume that they do. Zone America/Maceio -2:22:52 - LMT 1914 -3:00 - EST 1963 Dec 9 -3:00 Brazil E%sT 1990 Jul @@ -375,6 +377,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Easter -7:17:28 - LMT 1890 # Colombia # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule CO 1992 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S +# Shanks (1995) estimates 1993-04-03 24:00 for this; go with IATA. Rule CO 1992 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Bogota -4:56:20 - LMT 1884 Mar 13 @@ -384,6 +387,10 @@ Zone America/Bogota -4:56:20 - LMT 1884 # no information; probably like America/Bogota # Curacao +# Shanks (1995) says that Bottom and Oranjestad have been at -4:00 since +# standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that Kralendijk and Rincon +# used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01. +# This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Curacao -4:35:44 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad -4:30 - ANT 1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time @@ -458,9 +465,11 @@ Rule Para 1992 only - Oct 5 0:00 1:00 S Rule Para 1993 only - Mar 31 0:00 0 - Rule Para 1993 1995 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Para 1994 1995 - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 - -Rule Para 1996 max - Mar 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Para 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Para 1997 max - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Para 1996 1998 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Para 1996 max - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S +# IATA SSIM (1998-02) claims that the 1999 switch will be on 02-27. +# Assume this is a typo, and that 02-28 was meant. +Rule Para 1999 max - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Asuncion -3:50:40 - LMT 1890 -3:50:40 - AMT 1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/zone.tab,v retrieving revision 1.2.1.8 retrieving revision 1.2.1.8.1.2 diff -p -u -r1.2.1.8 -r1.2.1.8.1.2 --- zone.tab 1998/05/25 07:38:52 1.2.1.8 +++ zone.tab 1998/09/23 01:42:49 1.2.1.8.1.2 @@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ KP +3901+12545 Asia/Pyongyang KR +3733+12658 Asia/Seoul KW +2920+04759 Asia/Kuwait KY +1918-08123 America/Cayman -KZ +4315+07657 Asia/Alma-Ata east Kazakhstan +KZ +4315+07657 Asia/Almaty east Kazakhstan KZ +5017+05710 Asia/Aqtobe central Kazakhstan KZ +4431+05016 Asia/Aqtau west Kazakhstan LA +1758+10236 Asia/Vientiane @@ -236,8 +236,10 @@ MT +3554+01431 Europe/Malta MU -2010+05730 Indian/Mauritius MV +0410+07330 Indian/Maldives MW -1547+03500 Africa/Blantyre +MX +2105-08646 America/Cancun Eastern Time MX +1924-09909 America/Mexico_City Central Time -MX +2313-10625 America/Mazatlan Mountain Time +MX +2313-10625 America/Mazatlan Mountain Time - most locations +MX +2838-10605 America/Chihuahua Mountain Time - Chihuahua MX +3152-11637 America/Ensenada Pacific Time - most locations MX +3232-11701 America/Tijuana Pacific Time - north Baja California MY +0310+10142 Asia/Kuala_Lumpur peninsular Malaysia @@ -354,7 +356,8 @@ US +643004-1652423 America/Nome Alaska T US +515248-1763929 America/Adak Aleutian Islands US +211825-1575130 Pacific/Honolulu Hawaii UY -3453-05611 America/Montevideo -UZ +4120+06918 Asia/Tashkent +UZ +3940+06648 Asia/Samarkand west Uzbekistan +UZ +4120+06918 Asia/Tashkent east Uzbekistan VA +4154+01227 Europe/Vatican VC +1309-06114 America/St_Vincent VE +1030-06656 America/Caracas

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FW: About the changes in the counting of time in The Republic of Latvia
by Olson, Arthur David (NCI) Sept. 22, 1998

Sept. 22, 1998

-----Original Message----- From: Liene Kanepe [SMTP:Liene_Kanepe@lm.gov.lv] Sent: Thursday, September 17, 1998 4:32 AM To: tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov Subject: About the changes in the counting of time in The Republic of Latvia I have tried to collect information about all changes in the counting of time in Latvia. I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981: - Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 22 January,1981 on the order of counting of time on the territory of Latvian SSR; - Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 24 September, 1984 on changes in the Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 22 January,1981 on the order of counting of time on the territory of Latvian SSR; - Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 22 March,1989 on the changes of counting of time on the territory of Latvian SSR; - Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 21 January, 1997 on transition to Summer time. Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 22 January,1981 on the order of counting of time on the territory of Latvian SSR according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 24 October, 1980 established such order of counting of time: all year round the time of 2nd time zona + 1 hour, in addition turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the 1st April at 0.00 o'clock (GMT 31st March 21:00) and 1 hour backward on the 1st October at 0.00 o'clock (GMT 30 September 20:00). Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 24 September, 1984 on changes in the Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 22 January,1981 on the order of counting of time on the territory of Latvian SSR according to the Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 13 September, 1984 established such order of counting of time on the territory of Latvian SSR: all year round the time of 2nd time zona + 1 hour, in addition turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02.00 o'clock (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of September at 03.00 o'clock (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 22 March,1989 on the changes of counting of time on the territory of Latvian SSR according to the Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 14 March, 1989 established such order of counting of time: since the last Sunday of March, 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the time of 2nd time zona (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02.00 o'clock (GMT 0:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward . The end of daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03.00 o'clock (GMT 0:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 26 March of 1989, when we must not turn the hands of the clock. According the Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 22 March,1989 Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 22 January,1981 and Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 24 September, 1984 lost validity. In 1996, when the European Union changed the end of daylight savings time to the last Sunday of October, Latvia had not changed the end of daylight savings time. And this is pardonable for Latvia, because it is not a member - state of the European Union. Latvia changed the end of daylight savings time to the last Sunday of October only in 1997. Then were accepted the Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 21 January, 1997 on transition to Summer time. According these regulations Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 22 March,1989 lost validity and was established the same order of daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. From the 1997 Latvia changes from Winter time to Summer time on the last Sunday of March at 3 a.m.(Latvian time) or 1.00 GMT. It changes from Summer time to Winter time on the last Sunday of October at 4 a.m. (Latvian time) or 1 GMT. Here are exact data for Latvia in the period from 1981. |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |The date when |The hour (GMT)|The character |Time offset | |time changes |when time |of time |from GMT for | |were performed|changes were |changes |the Republic | | |performed | |of Latvia | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| |Time offset | |from GMT for | |Moscow | |(Russia) | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |31st March, | 21:00 |(+1 h Summer | 4 hours | |1981 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |30 September, | 20:00 | (-1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1981 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |31 st March, | 21:00 |(+1 h Summer | 4 hours | |1982 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |30 September, | 20:00 |(-1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1982 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |31 st March, | 21:00 |(+1 h Summer | 4 hours | |1983 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |30 September,| 20:00 |(-1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1983 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |31 st March, | 21:00 |(+1 h Summer | 4 hours | |1984 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |29 September, | 23:00 |(-1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1984 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |30 th March, | 23:00 | (+1 h Summer | 4 hours | |1985 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |28 September,| 23:00 |(-1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1985 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |29 th March, | 23:00 |(+1 h Summer | 4 hours | |1986 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |27 September, | 23:00 |(-1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1986 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |28 th March, | 23:00 |(+1 h Summer | 4 hours | |1987 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |26 September, | 23:00 |(-1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1987 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |26 th March, | 23:00 |(+1 h Summer | 4 hours | |1988 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |24 September, | 23:00 |(-1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1988 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |25 th March, | 23:00 |(+1 h Summer | | |1989 | |time in all | 3 hours | | | |territory of | | | | |USSR and -1 | | | | |hour in | | | | |Latvia, | | | | |Lithuania and | | | | |Estonia) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | | | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |24 September, | 0:00 |(-1 h Summer | 2 hours | |1989 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |24 th March, | 0:00 |(+1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1990 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |29 September, | 0:00 |(-1 h Summer | 2 hours | |1990 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |30 th March, | 0:00 |(-1 h Decree | 3 hours | |1991 | |time in | | | | |Russia, but | | | | |not in Latvia | | | | |and +1 h | | | | |Summer time in| | | | |both states) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |29 September, | 0:00 |(-1 h Summer | 2 hours | |1991 | |time), | | | | | | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 2 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |19 th January,| 01:00 |(+ 1 h Decree | 2 hours | |1992 | |time in | | | | |Russia, but no| | | | |changes in | | | | |Latvia) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |28 th March, | 0:00 |(+1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1992 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |26 September, | 0:00 |(-1 h Summer | 2 hours | |1992 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |27 th March, | 0:00 |(+1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1993 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |25 September, | 0:00 |(-1 h Summer | 2 hours | |1993 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |26 th March, | 0:00 |(+1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1994 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |24 September, | 0:00 |(-1 h Summer | 2 hours | |1994 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |25 th March, | 0:00 |(+1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1995 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |23 September, | 0:00 |(-1 h Summer | 2 hours | |1995 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |30 th March, | 0:00 |(+1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1996 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |28 September, | 0:00 |(-1 h Summer | 2 hours | |1996 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |30 th March, | 01:00 |(+1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1997 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |26 October, | 01:00 |(-1 h Summer | 2 hours | |1997 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |29 th March, | 01:00 |(+1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1998 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |25 October, | 01:00 |(-1 h Summer | 2 hours | |1998 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |28 th March, | 01:00 |(+1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1999 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |31 October, | 01:00 |(-1 h Summer | 2 hours | |1999 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| In the period from the end of the Second World War on the territory of Latvia (13 October, 1944 for Riga) until the 31st March, 1981, GMT 21:00 the time offset from GMT for Latvia was 3 hours. It seems, that before 13 October, 1944 it was 2 hours, except the period, when Latvia was incorporated in the Soviet Union (approximatly from 05 August, 1940 until 21 June, 1941) and the period, when during the Second World War Latvia was occupied by Germany. If I find the more correct data about the time offset from GMT for Latvia in the period before 1944, I will mail You. With the best regards from The Republic of Latvia, Riga Liene Kanepe

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another question about FORMAT
by Kenneth Zadeck Sept. 21, 1998

Sept. 21, 1998

There are a few time zones, all in australia, that seem to use the same designation of the time zone for both daylight and standard time. Is this correct, or is it a bug? # New South Wales # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AN 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct 31 2:00s 10:00 AN EST I should also point out that my previous mail was not meant to contain a complete list bad formats. I am only looking at the current year data and also I am deleting the redundant time zones (those that only differ in prior year data) before I was checking for problems. Thanks for your help kenny

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Re: Proposal for new ISO C 9x time API
by Markus Kuhn Sept. 20, 1998

Sept. 20, 1998

Chris Newman wrote on 1998-09-16 18:51 UTC: > I think it would be useful to have a function which returns the time and > duration of the next transition given time X and timezone Y (e.g., 2 AM > Mar 30 -1 hour). OK, that sounds like a good idea. I have just added a function tz_jump() to my proposal that I hope does what you want. It allows you to iterate through both leap seconds and timezone changes, perhaps even calendar exceptions. Please have a look at section 1.3.4 in http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/c-time/ Markus -- Markus G. Kuhn, Security Group, Computer Lab, Cambridge University, UK email: mkuhn at acm.org, home page: <http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/>

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questions about FORMAT
by Kenneth Zadeck Sept. 18, 1998

Sept. 18, 1998

# Belize # Whitman entirely disagrees with Shanks; go with Shanks. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Belize 1918 1942 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0:30 HD Rule Belize 1919 1943 - Feb Sun>=9 0:00 0 S Rule Belize 1973 only - Dec 5 0:00 1:00 D Rule Belize 1974 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 S Rule Belize 1982 only - Dec 18 0:00 1:00 D Rule Belize 1983 only - Feb 12 0:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Belize -5:52:48 - LMT 1912 Apr -6:00 Belize C%sT The belize entry does not have a current rule and I take this to mean that they currently do not observe daylight savings time. The problem is, what is the value that is to be substituted into C%sT if there is no rule? Should the formatted name of the time zone be "CT" or "CST"? If it is supposed to be CST, how are you to know this? I am using Belize as an example, there are several timezones that have this same problem: Asia/Yerevan America/Buenos_Aires America/Barbados America/Belize Asia/Harbin America/Bogota America/Costa_Rica Africa/Accra America/Guatemala America/Tegucigalpa Asia/Tehran Asia/Seoul Asia/Macao America/Lima Asia/Manila Africa/Khartoum Africa/Freetown America/El_Salvador Africa/Tunis Asia/Taipei America/Montevideo Pacific/Efate As an extreme example of this problem is exhibited by Africa/Accra Africa/Freetown # Ghana # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present''; go with Shanks. Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST Rule Ghana 1936 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 0:00 Ghana %s

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Re: Proposal for new ISO C 9x time API
by Rich Wales Sept. 18, 1998

Sept. 18, 1998

Antoine Leca wrote: Coca is the brand name under which Coke is know here in (Latin) Europe. Coca also happen to be the name of a traditional cake made in the region of my wife. Should the cake shop vendors change the name of the product . . . ? I see two big differences between the above example and the suggestion that the new API should be called "Timex". First, the traditional cake is a very different item from the beverage, so there is unlikely to be any confusion in the average person's mind as to whether the "coca" cake has anything at all to do with "Coca" cola. Second, the name "coca", as a traditional cake, was around long before "Coca" came into use as a beverage trademark. In North America, at least, my understanding is that these issues are considered significant in trademark law. for example, back in the days when "UNIX" was a trademark at various times of Bell Labs, AT&T, and others, I recall hearing it said that someone could (if they so desired) probably market "UNIX" brand ice cream (!) without infringing the trade- mark -- but using the term "UNIX" to identify any computer-related item (even something other than an OS) most likely wouldn't fly. I would view the "TIMEX" proposal in the same way. Using "TIMEX", "Timex", or "timex_" to identify anything having any relationship at all to time would, I assume, almost certainly provoke an unfriendly response by Timex Corporation's legal staff. First, Timex Corp. has already been venturing somewhat into the computer field with their "Data Link" line of watches with builtin personal information managers. Hence, they would probably be sensitive to =any= computer-related use of the "Timex" name by anyone but themselves. Second, even if the new API were obviously not going to compete for Timex's market share, they would surely put up a fight on principle, lest their precious registered trademark end up falling into common generic use (as has already happened with Kleenex, Xerox, and Coke). Just my (non-lawyer) opinion, of course. Rich Wales richw(a)webcom.com http://www.webcom.com/richw/ *DISCLAIMER: I am not a lawyer. My comments are for discussion purposes only and are not intended to be relied upon as legal or professional advice.

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Re: Proposal for new ISO C 9x time API
by INFOMAN Inc. Sept. 18, 1998

Sept. 18, 1998

As an addendum to my earlier note, I was informed that "TIMEX" or "Timex" is likely a registered trademark of a watch manufacturer. Consequnetly to avoid difficulties, I suggest that we use the term "timex_" as the reference. To this we can then add "format" "resolve", etc. Another alternative would be to use "timx" as the term Regards - Jake Knoppers <mpereira(a)istar.ca>

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Re: (SC22WG14.6158) (SC22WG14.6131) (SC22WG14.6130) Summary of problems with draft C9x <time.h>, and a proposed fix
by Douglas.Walls＠Eng.Sun.COM Sept. 17, 1998

Sept. 17, 1998

We can do this in Santa Cruz, formally. >From gwyn(a)arl.mil Thu Sep 17 13:42:50 1998 > >I think we need to poll the voting members to determine whether >anybody insists on having struct tmx in C9x. If not, since there >has been some formal objection to it, backing out the struct tmx >related changes seems like an appropriate way to respond to >(adverse) public comment. > >Personally I'd rather see a completely satisfactory technical >solution than layering on a still-not-satisfactory solution. >Since I doubt the former can be done within the C9x schedule, >leaving <time.h> pretty much the way it was in C89 seems proper. >

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Re: (SC22WG14.6131) (SC22WG14.6130) Summary of problems with draft C9x <time.h>, and a proposed fix
by Douglas A. Gwyn (IST) Sept. 17, 1998

Sept. 17, 1998

I think we need to poll the voting members to determine whether anybody insists on having struct tmx in C9x. If not, since there has been some formal objection to it, backing out the struct tmx related changes seems like an appropriate way to respond to (adverse) public comment. Personally I'd rather see a completely satisfactory technical solution than layering on a still-not-satisfactory solution. Since I doubt the former can be done within the C9x schedule, leaving <time.h> pretty much the way it was in C89 seems proper.

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Re: Proposal for new ISO C 9x time API
by INFOMAN Inc. Sept. 17, 1998

Sept. 17, 1998

I would recommend using the term "timex". It is a invented term, a.k.a. coined term or neoligism, to which can be attached the apprpriate definition as well as a note at the end of such defintion of " Formerly known as xtime". "Time" as word is used with multiple meanings and its use can quickly become confusing and inadvertently may have unforeseen results. Having the x precede the _resolves the ambiguity resulting from the x after _ . Trust that this is of some help - Jake Knoppers P.S. For questions of this nature you may find ISO 2788 - Guidelines for the establishment and development of monoligual thesauri and ISO 5964 Guidelines for the establishment and development of multilingual thesauri to be of some help. They include rules for the establishment of terms and controlled vocabularies. If I can be of help elsewhere, SVP let me know.

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About the changes in the counting of time in The Republic of Latvia
by Liene Kanepe Sept. 17, 1998

Sept. 17, 1998

I have tried to collect information about all changes in the counting of time in Latvia. I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981: - Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 22 January,1981 on the order of counting of time on the territory of Latvian SSR; - Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 24 September, 1984 on changes in the Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 22 January,1981 on the order of counting of time on the territory of Latvian SSR; - Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 22 March,1989 on the changes of counting of time on the territory of Latvian SSR; - Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 21 January, 1997 on transition to Summer time. Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 22 January,1981 on the order of counting of time on the territory of Latvian SSR according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 24 October, 1980 established such order of counting of time: all year round the time of 2nd time zona + 1 hour, in addition turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the 1st April at 0.00 o'clock (GMT 31st March 21:00) and 1 hour backward on the 1st October at 0.00 o'clock (GMT 30 September 20:00). Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 24 September, 1984 on changes in the Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 22 January,1981 on the order of counting of time on the territory of Latvian SSR according to the Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 13 September, 1984 established such order of counting of time on the territory of Latvian SSR: all year round the time of 2nd time zona + 1 hour, in addition turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02.00 o'clock (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of September at 03.00 o'clock (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 22 March,1989 on the changes of counting of time on the territory of Latvian SSR according to the Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 14 March, 1989 established such order of counting of time: since the last Sunday of March, 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the time of 2nd time zona (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02.00 o'clock (GMT 0:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward . The end of daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03.00 o'clock (GMT 0:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 26 March of 1989, when we must not turn the hands of the clock. According the Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 22 March,1989 Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 22 January,1981 and Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 24 September, 1984 lost validity. In 1996, when the European Union changed the end of daylight savings time to the last Sunday of October, Latvia had not changed the end of daylight savings time. And this is pardonable for Latvia, because it is not a member - state of the European Union. Latvia changed the end of daylight savings time to the last Sunday of October only in 1997. Then were accepted the Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 21 January, 1997 on transition to Summer time. According these regulations Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 22 March,1989 lost validity and was established the same order of daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. From the 1997 Latvia changes from Winter time to Summer time on the last Sunday of March at 3 a.m.(Latvian time) or 1.00 GMT. It changes from Summer time to Winter time on the last Sunday of October at 4 a.m. (Latvian time) or 1 GMT. Here are exact data for Latvia in the period from 1981. |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |The date when |The hour (GMT)|The character |Time offset | |time changes |when time |of time |from GMT for | |were performed|changes were |changes |the Republic | | |performed | |of Latvia | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| |Time offset | |from GMT for | |Moscow | |(Russia) | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |31st March, | 21:00 |(+1 h Summer | 4 hours | |1981 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |30 September, | 20:00 | (-1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1981 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |31 st March, | 21:00 |(+1 h Summer | 4 hours | |1982 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |30 September, | 20:00 |(-1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1982 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |31 st March, | 21:00 |(+1 h Summer | 4 hours | |1983 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |30 September,| 20:00 |(-1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1983 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |31 st March, | 21:00 |(+1 h Summer | 4 hours | |1984 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |29 September, | 23:00 |(-1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1984 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |30 th March, | 23:00 | (+1 h Summer | 4 hours | |1985 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |28 September,| 23:00 |(-1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1985 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |29 th March, | 23:00 |(+1 h Summer | 4 hours | |1986 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |27 September, | 23:00 |(-1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1986 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |28 th March, | 23:00 |(+1 h Summer | 4 hours | |1987 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |26 September, | 23:00 |(-1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1987 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |26 th March, | 23:00 |(+1 h Summer | 4 hours | |1988 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |24 September, | 23:00 |(-1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1988 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |25 th March, | 23:00 |(+1 h Summer | | |1989 | |time in all | 3 hours | | | |territory of | | | | |USSR and -1 | | | | |hour in | | | | |Latvia, | | | | |Lithuania and | | | | |Estonia) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | | | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |24 September, | 0:00 |(-1 h Summer | 2 hours | |1989 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |24 th March, | 0:00 |(+1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1990 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |29 September, | 0:00 |(-1 h Summer | 2 hours | |1990 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |30 th March, | 0:00 |(-1 h Decree | 3 hours | |1991 | |time in | | | | |Russia, but | | | | |not in Latvia | | | | |and +1 h | | | | |Summer time in| | | | |both states) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |29 September, | 0:00 |(-1 h Summer | 2 hours | |1991 | |time), | | | | | | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 2 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |19 th January,| 01:00 |(+ 1 h Decree | 2 hours | |1992 | |time in | | | | |Russia, but no| | | | |changes in | | | | |Latvia) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |28 th March, | 0:00 |(+1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1992 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |26 September, | 0:00 |(-1 h Summer | 2 hours | |1992 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |27 th March, | 0:00 |(+1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1993 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |25 September, | 0:00 |(-1 h Summer | 2 hours | |1993 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |26 th March, | 0:00 |(+1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1994 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |24 September, | 0:00 |(-1 h Summer | 2 hours | |1994 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |25 th March, | 0:00 |(+1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1995 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |23 September, | 0:00 |(-1 h Summer | 2 hours | |1995 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |30 th March, | 0:00 |(+1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1996 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |28 September, | 0:00 |(-1 h Summer | 2 hours | |1996 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |30 th March, | 01:00 |(+1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1997 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |26 October, | 01:00 |(-1 h Summer | 2 hours | |1997 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |29 th March, | 01:00 |(+1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1998 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |25 October, | 01:00 |(-1 h Summer | 2 hours | |1998 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |28 th March, | 01:00 |(+1 h Summer | 3 hours | |1999 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 4 hours | >--------------| |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> |31 October, | 01:00 |(-1 h Summer | 2 hours | |1999 | |time) | | |--------------+--------------+--------------+--------------> >--------------| | 3 hours | >--------------| In the period from the end of the Second World War on the territory of Latvia (13 October, 1944 for Riga) until the 31st March, 1981, GMT 21:00 the time offset from GMT for Latvia was 3 hours. It seems, that before 13 October, 1944 it was 2 hours, except the period, when Latvia was incorporated in the Soviet Union (approximatly from 05 August, 1940 until 21 June, 1941) and the period, when during the Second World War Latvia was occupied by Germany. If I find the more correct data about the time offset from GMT for Latvia in the period before 1944, I will mail You. With the best regards from The Republic of Latvia, Riga Liene Kanepe

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Re: Proposal for new ISO C 9x time API
by Ken Pizzini Sept. 16, 1998

Sept. 16, 1998

In message <13823.62501.12960.906883@localhost>, Nathan Myers <ncm(a)cantrip.org> wrote: > The names strfxtime, xtime_make, and xtime_breakup are inconsistent > and not ideally chosen. May I suggest instead > > xtime_format: "To plan or arrange in a specified form" > xtime_compose: "To make or create by putting together parts or elements." > xtime_resolve: "To separate (something) into constituent parts." > > respectively? (Quotes are from the Random House unabridged dictionary.) There is an old tradition of language design that the language and its libraries strongly avoid using identifiers starting with the letter "x" --- a desperate application writer can then blithely prepenend an "x" to all its first-choice identifiers and be safe. I'd much prefer to see this tradition upheld; perhaps: timex_format, timex_compose, timex_resolve or time_xformat, time_xcompose, time_xresolve instead? --Ken Pizzini

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Tony Milton/Technology/UK/PARIBAS is out of the office.
by Tony_Milton＠paribas.com Sept. 15, 1998

Sept. 15, 1998

I will be out of the office from 12 September 1998 until 21 September 1998. I will respond to your message when I return. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- This message is confidential; its contents do not constitute a commitment by Paribas except where provided for in a written agreement between you and Paribas. Any unauthorised disclosure, use or dissemination, either whole or partial, is prohibited. If you are not the intended recipient of the message, please notify the sender immediately. Ce message est confidentiel ; son contenu ne repr�sente en aucun cas un engagement de la part de Paribas sous r�serve de tout accord conclu par �crit entre vous et Paribas. Toute publication, utilisation ou diffusion, m�me partielle, doit �tre autoris�e pr�alablement. Si vous n'�tes pas destinataire de ce message, merci d'en avertir imm�diatement l'exp�diteur.

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Re: (SC22WG14.6131) (SC22WG14.6130) Summary of problems with draft C9x <time.h>, and a proposed fix
by Keld J|rn Simonsen Sept. 15, 1998

Sept. 15, 1998

> Paul Eggert wrote: > > > > Also, Clive Feather [...] has proposed that a new <time.h> > > section be written to address these problems. I welcome this > > proposal, and would like to contribute. However, I believe that it's > > too late in the standardization process to introduce major > > improvements to <time.h>, as there will be insufficient time to gain > > implementation experience with these changes, experience that is > > needed for proper review. > > I also think it may be too late for incorporating huge changes > in the time functions, as Clive lastly proposed. > I am also reluctant to introduce such changes *after* the FCD > stage (correct me if I am wrong, but I see it as contrary to > what a FCD should be, and it may raise virulent formal > objections later, at FDIS stage). We can do any changes we like from the FCD ballot, this is a normal CD ballot and we are not restricted to minor changes. Keld

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Re: (SC22WG14.6130) Summary of problems with draft C9x <time.h>, and a proposed fix
by Antoine Leca Sept. 15, 1998

Sept. 15, 1998

Paul Eggert wrote: > > Also, Clive Feather [...] has proposed that a new <time.h> > section be written to address these problems. I welcome this > proposal, and would like to contribute. However, I believe that it's > too late in the standardization process to introduce major > improvements to <time.h>, as there will be insufficient time to gain > implementation experience with these changes, experience that is > needed for proper review. I also think it may be too late for incorporating huge changes in the time functions, as Clive lastly proposed. I am also reluctant to introduce such changes *after* the FCD stage (correct me if I am wrong, but I see it as contrary to what a FCD should be, and it may raise virulent formal objections later, at FDIS stage). > Instead, I propose that <time.h>'s problems be fixed by removing the > struct-tmx-related changes to <time.h>, reverting to the the current > ISO C standard (C89); we can then come up with a better <time.h> for > the next standard (C0x). Another way may be to back up to C90 state, as Paul proposed, and then to publish the output of the experts working in this area in the form of an amendment to the standard, to be published around 2002-2003 (to be compared with 2010 for C0X). Is it practicable? John? Antoine

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