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Washington Post timekeeping observation
by ado Dec. 31, 1991

Dec. 31, 1991

You probably already knew that the Gregorian Adjustment of 1582 added an extra day to every fourth year. What you forgot is that this doesn't apply to the turn-of-the-century years, excpet when they are divisible by 400. If you know this and the "off-sides" rule in hockey, you are a complete human being. December 30, 1991 Washington Post, page D5 --ado

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Starke County, Indiana moves from Central to Eastern
by ado Oct. 28, 1991

Oct. 28, 1991

Yesterday's Washington Post had an article on the switch of Starke County, Indiana from Central to Eastern time; the change is accounted for below. The article runs about twenty column inches of text, and also includes a map of Indiana time zones and a photo of the Hoosiers who duked it out over whether to make the switch. Much of the article is concerned with the political process. --ado SCCS/s.northamerica: 7.1 vs. 7.2 *** 7.1/northamerica Mon Oct 28 16:49:03 1991 --- 7.2/northamerica Mon Oct 28 16:49:04 1991 *************** *** 1,4 **** ! # @(#)northamerica 7.1 ############################################################################### --- 1,4 ---- ! # @(#)northamerica 7.2 ############################################################################### *************** *** 116,121 **** --- 116,127 ---- Zone US/East-Indiana -5:00 US E%sT 1946 -5:00 - EST # Always EST as of 1986 + # From Arthur David Olson (October 28, 1991): + # An article on page A3 of the Sunday, October 27, 1991 Washington Post + # notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of + # October 27, 1991. + Zone US/Indiana-Starke -6:00 US C%sT 1991 Oct 27 2:00 + -5:00 - EST # Always EST as of 1991 Zone US/Arizona -7:00 US M%sT 1946 -7:00 - MST # Always MST as of 1986

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Soviet time zone rule change on 1991/03/31
by ado March 30, 1991

March 30, 1991

The attached from Paul Eggert should be of interest. It looks as if three sets of "Rule" lines for the Soviet Union will be needed; while they should clearly be called SU-Thesis, SU-Antithesis, and SU-Synthesis, which should be which is debatable. --ado > From daemon(a)ncifcrf.gov Sat Mar 23 18:08:44 1991 > Return-Path: <daemon(a)ncifcrf.gov> > Received: from fcs280s.ncifcrf.gov by elsie.nci.nih.gov (4.1/SMI-4.1) > id AA24757; Sat, 23 Mar 91 18:08:41 EST > Received: by fcs280s.ncifcrf.gov (4.1/NCIFCRF-3.0/AWF-2.0) > id AA18877; Sat, 23 Mar 91 18:07:11 EST > Received: from shemp.cs.ucla.edu by fcs280s.ncifcrf.gov (4.1/NCIFCRF-3.0/AWF-2.0) > id AA18874; Sat, 23 Mar 91 18:07:08 EST > Received: by shemp.cs.ucla.edu > (Sendmail 5.61a+YP/2.33) id AA04525; > Sat, 23 Mar 91 15:08:32 -0800 > Received: from yata.UUCP by twinsun.com (4.1/SMI-4.1) > id AA04772; Sat, 23 Mar 91 14:31:41 PST > Received: by yata.mv.la.ca.us (4.1/SMI-4.1) > id AA04965; Sat, 23 Mar 91 13:46:25 PST > Date: Sat, 23 Mar 91 13:46:25 PST > From: yata!eggert(a)twinsun.com (Paul Eggert) > Message-Id: <9103232146.AA04965(a)yata.mv.la.ca.us> > To: ado(a)ncifcrf.gov, buz(a)csd.hku.hk, moraes(a)cs.toronto.edu, rsalz(a)bbn.com > Subject: Soviet time zone rule change on 1991/03/31 (``go to bed as usual'') > Status: RO > > [Is there a mailing list or newsgroup for time zones in software? > Anyway, just to show that the US has no monopoly on time zone screwups, > here's a story from the Los Angeles Times, 1991/03/22, page A18. > Of course they blame it all on Stalin. -- Paul <eggert(a)twinsun.com>] > > > Soviets Get Clocks Back on Track--and It's About Time > > >From Associated Press > > MOSCOW--Red-faced Soviet officials are admitting they haven't kept the > correct time in more than six decades, blaming a mistake in the Stalin > era when clocks should have bene turned back an hour. > > As a result, officials are scrapping the Soviet version of > daylight-saving time this summer. Clocks, however, will still ``fall > back'' an hour in the autumn. > > All this timekeeping havoc is bound to further baffle a nation that has > had its share of confusion for 1991. > > March 31 is when clocks usually are moved forward an hour for summer > time in the Soviet Union, which has 11 time zones. > > But the Council of Ministers has decreed that the move won't be made > for most of the Soviet Union--the huge Russion Federation, which > includes Moscow; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Byelorussia; Turkmenia and the > Ukraine. > > The republics of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Moldova, however, will > follow their rebellious tradition and move their clocks ahead as > before. > > To confound the masses even more, Tadzhikistan, parts of Kazakhstan and > some other regions will actually set their clocks back an hour to > better organize daylight hours, the decree said. > > According to the newspaper Evening Moscow, the move was made to correct > a 61-year-old mistake. > > ``In 1930, it was decided to introduce summer time and move the hands > of clocks one hour ahead,'' the paper said. ``In the passage of time, > they did not announce winter time'' in the fall of 1930, leaving the > country with a single time year-round. > > In 1981, it was decided to restore the seasonal time change. But when > the clocks were moved forward an hour that spring, the country wound up > with two extra hours of sunlight during summer instead of the intended > one. > > Officials figured that the end of March--the regular date to move > clocks ahead--was the best time to correct the imbalance. ``On March > 31, one should not move the hands of the clock ahead, but go to bed as > usual,'' the newspaper advised.

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Re: Dates in Mush
by ado Oct. 15, 1990

Oct. 15, 1990

> Subject: Re: Dates in Mush > > "MET DST" comes from zoneinfo: > ... > Rule M-Eur 1986 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST" > Rule M-Eur 1986 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - > ... > Zone MET 1:00 M-Eur MET%s > ... I've (finally) tracked down the original source of the information, which is attached. --ado > ... > Date: 27 Feb 86 06:03:20 +1100 (Thu) > ... > From: Robert Elz <seismo!munnari!kre> > > ...I believe that the standard timezone names in Europe are "WET" and "WED DST" (with a space)...

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Re: Dates in Mush
by emoryu1!emory!ogicse!cse.ogi.edu!schaefer Sept. 30, 1990

Sept. 30, 1990

On Sep 20, 9:58am, lupe christoph wrote: } Subject: Re: Dates in Mush } } "MET DST" comes from zoneinfo: } } # @(#)europe 1.3 89/02/13 SMI; from Arthur Olson's 3.1 } } ... } Rule M-Eur 1986 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST" } Rule M-Eur 1986 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - } ... } Zone MET 1:00 M-Eur MET%s } ... } } This means that "MET" is suffixed by " DST" in the period "Mar lastSun 2:00s" } till "Sep lastSun 2:00s". Hm. Looks as though something like Rule M-Eur 1986 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S Rule M-Eur 1986 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - ... Zone MET 1:00 M-Eur ME%sT would produce what B-news (and mush) are expecting for zones. } You might want to ask seismo!elsie!tz about the names. OK, tz is on the To: line. Maybe he (Arthur? Is that you?) could shed some light on the subject. As nearly as I can tell, the B-news parser is prepared to handle arbitrarily mixed cases, periods between the letters, and practically every other combination *except* two words separated by a space. Mush is a less robust about mixed cases and so on because it doesn't expect to be parsing anything but machine-generated date strings. } > Thanks for the info. I think I'm going to try to find a } > better way to parse for it, though. It should be possible } > to recognize it without explicitly reading it into a string, } > e.g. match it literally in the sscanf format or something. } Regular expressions ? Well, actually, what you did isn't too bad in theory but is overkill in all but one of the cases. Even if we do read it into a string, it's not necessary to add a new sscanf call every time; just add the %3s (you used %4s, but you should have allocated a 5-char buffer for that) after the %7s that is already there. Note that the comparisons are for things like (sscanf() >= 5) in nearly all cases; the zone is already expected to be missing, so it won't hurt to also ignore a missing DST (not) tacked on after the zone. The only one where you need the explicit match is one where the zone name appears in the middle of the string. -- Bart Schaefer schaefer(a)cse.ogi.edu

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australasia zoneinfo
by cvl!cvl!mimsy!uunet!munnari!physiol.su.oz.au!daved March 3, 1990

March 3, 1990

I have just modified our Australasia zoneinfo file to take account of changes in the NSW rule, and have incorporated changes distributed from Queensland and South Australia over the Australian news recently. I have also added code for Lord Howe Island (perhaps not in the most efficient manner possible). Lord Howe maintains GMT+10:30 when the New South Wales mainland is observing GMT+10:00. When the mainland moves to daylight saving time, it adopts the same time, namely GMT+11:00. So its "saving" is only 30 minutes. My complete file follows: # @(#)australasia 4.1+ (daved mods) # Incorporates updates for Australia from Robert Elz' australia 1.1 # and further updates from the Australian consulate. # Australian Data (for states with DST), standard rules # Includes shift in 1987 to follow Vic/NSW rules for ending DST, # and shift in 1986 to start DST earlier. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 - Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 - Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST # No DST here Zone Australia/West 8:00 - WST # No DST here Zone Australia/South 9:30 SA CST # The government seems to change things by regulation, not by changing the act. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule SA 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - Rule SA 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - Rule SA 1986 only - Mar 16 3:00 0 - Rule SA 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 1:00 - Rule SA 1987 only - Mar 15 3:00 0 - Rule SA 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - Rule SA 1988 only - Mar 20 3:00 0 - Rule SA 1989 max - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 - # Victoria jumped to a later ending date for DST in 1986 rather than 1987. Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00 10:00 Oz EST # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. # Based on law library research by John Mackin (john(a)basser.cs.su.oz) # who notes: # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the # individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the # legislation. This is very important to understand. # I have researched New South Wales time only. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule NSW 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - Rule NSW 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - Rule NSW 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - Rule NSW 1982 only - Apr 4 3:00 0 - Rule NSW 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - Rule NSW 1986 only - Mar 16 3:00 0 - Rule NSW 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 1:00 - Rule NSW 1987 only - Mar 15 3:00 0 - Rule NSW 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - Rule NSW 1988 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - Rule NSW 1989 only - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 - Rule NSW 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/NSW 10:00 NSW EST Zone Australia/Broken-Hill 9:00 NSW ??? Zone Australia/Sturt 9:00 NSW ??? Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 NSW ??? # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule LHI 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - Rule LHI 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - Rule LHI 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - Rule LHI 1982 only - Apr 4 3:00 0 - Rule LHI 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - Rule LHI 1986 only - Mar 16 3:00 0 - Rule LHI 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - Rule LHI 1987 only - Mar 15 3:00 0 - Rule LHI 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - Rule LHI 1988 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - Rule LHI 1989 only - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 - Rule LHI 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - Zone Australia/LHI 10:30 LHI ??? # Queensland introduced DST for a `trial' period of 1 year # Based on the Daylight Saving Act 1989, No. 78 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule QLD 1989 only - Oct 29 2:00 1:00 - Rule QLD 1990 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 QLD EST # New Zealand, from Elz' asia 1.1 # Elz says "no guarantees" # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule NZ 1974 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D Rule NZ 1975 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand # # A footnote here: # # . . . # Date: Thu, j19 Feb 87 12:02:17 EST # From: Bradley White <seismo!k.cs.cmu.edu!bww> # . . . # I am including a description of Australian time zones. . . # this stuff is definitely accurate. # . . . # a) Australian Eastern Time: (EST = GMT+10:00, EDT = GMT+11:00) # . . . # Summer of 86/87 - present (current legislation): # third Sun Oct 02:00 EST -> third LSun Mar 02:00 EST # # If this turns out to be true, substitute Sun<=21 (third Sunday in October) # for Sun<=24 (next-to-last Sunday in October) above. . .some time before # October 1988, the first time it makes a difference. #

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Updated leap seconds file
by ado Oct. 15, 1989

Oct. 15, 1989

Word just in is that there'll be a leap second at the end of the year. --ado *** 7.1/leapseconds Sat Oct 14 20:44:25 1989 --- 7.2/leapseconds Sat Oct 14 20:44:26 1989 *************** *** 1,4 **** ! # @(#)leapseconds 7.1 # Allowance for leapseconds added to each timezone file. --- 1,4 ---- ! # @(#)leapseconds 7.2 # Allowance for leapseconds added to each timezone file. *************** *** 26,28 **** --- 26,29 ---- Leap 1983 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S Leap 1985 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S Leap 1987 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S + Leap 1989 Dec 31 23:59:60 + S

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POSIX conformance for file-based date(1)
by ado Aug. 22, 1989

Aug. 22, 1989

The 1989 version of the file-based "date" command is missing the 'c' in the argument to getopt that's needed to enable its POSIX-conformant handling of a command-line 'c' option. The needed change is attached. --ado *** 7.1/date.c Mon Aug 21 21:26:46 1989 --- 7.2/date.c Mon Aug 21 21:26:48 1989 *************** *** 2,4 **** #ifndef NOID ! static char elsieid[] = "@(#)date.c 7.1"; /* --- 2,4 ---- #ifndef NOID ! static char elsieid[] = "@(#)date.c 7.2"; /* *************** *** 103,105 **** format = value = NULL; ! while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "und:t:a:")) != EOF) { switch (ch) { --- 103,105 ---- format = value = NULL; ! while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "ucnd:t:a:")) != EOF) { switch (ch) {

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New "europe" file reflecting Peter Ilieve's information
by ado July 18, 1989

July 18, 1989

# @(#)europe 7.2 # International country codes are used to identify countries' rules and # zones # # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, go # ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # ado(a)ncifcrf.gov for general use in the future). ############################################################################### # United Kingdom # From Peter Ilieve (peter(a)memex.co.uk) (July 4, 1989) # # From the UK Government paper "Summer Time: A Consultation Document" # (HMSO Cm722 June 1989), which is about the possibility of the UK moving # into the central European timezone and synchronising its summer time with # the rest of Europe (by moving the end date back a month to end Sep., # the start dates are already the same). # # Summer time was not observed before 1916. # It was introduced in the First World War in response to its introduction # by Germany in March 1916. # During the Second World War normal summer time was used in Winter and double # summer time was used in Summer. # Between 1968 and 1971 GMT+1 was used all year as an experiment. # This caused voluble objections in Scotland and the experiment was judged # a failure. # # Although it does not say what happens in Europe, it does say that most # of Europe did not use summer time until 1979, presumably dropping it # after the 1st and/or 2nd war. # # Note that this is not necessarily accurate for Eire. # # The paper gives a complete record of dates from 1916, and dates up to 1992. # The intention is to have the new system, if any, start in 1993. # The dates are (copied exactly from the table in the paper): # # Summer Time Double Summer Time # Year Start End Start End # 1916 21 May 1 October # 1917 8 April 17 September # 1918 24 March 30 September # 1919 30 March 29 September # 1920 28 March 25 October # (extended from # 27 Sep. because # of coal strike) # # 1921 3 April 3 October # 1922 26 March 8 October # 1923 22 April 16 September # 1924 30 April 21 September # 1925 to 3rd Sunday 1st Sunday # 1938 in April in October # # 1939 16 April 19 November # 1940 25 February continued # 1941 continued continued 4 May 10 August # 1942 continued continued 5 April 9 August # 1943 continued continued 4 April 15 August # 1944 continued continued 2 April 17 September # 1945 continued 7 October 2 April 15 July # # 1946 14 April 6 October # 1947 16 March 2 November 13 April 10 August # 1948 14 March 31 October # 1949 3 April 30 October # 1950 16 April 22 October # 1951 15 April 21 October # 1952 20 April 26 October # # 1953 19 April 4 October # 1954 11 April 3 October # 1955 17 April 2 October # 1956 15 April 7 October # 1957 14 April 6 October # 1958 20 April 5 October # 1959 19 April 4 October # 1960 10 April 2 October # # 1961 26 March 29 October # 1962 25 March 28 October # 1963 31 March 27 October # 1964 22 March 25 October # 1965 21 March 24 October # 1966 20 March 23 October # 1967 19 March 29 October # # 1968 18 February continued # 1969 continued continued # 1970 continued continued # 1971 continued 31 October # 1972 19 March 29 October # 1973 18 March 28 October # 1974 17 March 27 October # # 1975 16 March 26 October # 1976 21 March 24 October # 1977 20 March 23 October # 1978 19 March 29 October # 1979 18 March 28 October # 1980 16 March 26 October # 1981 29 March 25 October # # 1982 28 March 24 October # 1983 27 March 23 October # 1984 25 March 28 October # 1985 31 March 27 October # 1986 30 March 26 October # 1987 29 March 25 October # 1988 27 March 23 October # # 1989 26 March 29 October # 1990 25 March 28 October # 1991 31 March 27 October # 1992 29 March 25 October # # These dates agree with the ones from Whitaker's Almanac for 1960--87. . . # From Arthur David Olson (January 19, 1989): # # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. # From an Anonymous U. K. Donor (January 4, 1989): # # It is NOT possible to predict when [British Summer Time] will change # in a future year. # # (The admiralty calculate when they think it should be (no more that a couple # of years in advance) and advise the government who then decide whether or # not they will take the admiralty's advice) # # ...the Gre[e]nwich...observatory...[was] very helpful. # # I was not able to track down the Admiralty formula (I tried hard but failed) # ... # Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) # From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john> # ... # [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in # politics making a fortune, not computing. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # 1916 to 1925--irregular Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Mar 21 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 1:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 1:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 1:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr 22 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Oct 16 1:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr 30 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Sep 21 1:00s 0 GMT # 1925 to 1939 start--regular Rule GB-Eire 1925 1939 - Apr Sun>=15 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 GMT # 1939 end to 1947--irregular, and with double summer time Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb 25 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May 4 1:00s 2:00 DST Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1942 only - Apr 5 1:00s 2:00 DST Rule GB-Eire 1942 only - Aug 9 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1943 only - Apr 4 1:00s 2:00 DST Rule GB-Eire 1943 only - Aug 15 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Apr 2 1:00s 2:00 DST Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep 17 1:00s 1:00 BST # Double daylight starts on a Monday in 1945? Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr 2 1:00s 2:00 DST Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul 15 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Oct 7 1:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr 14 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Oct 6 1:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 DST Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 GMT # So much for double saving time. 1948 and 1949, irregular. Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 1:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 GMT # 1950 through start of 1953, regular. Rule GB-Eire 1950 1953 - Apr Sun>=14 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 1:00s 0 GMT # 1954 to 1980, starting rules Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr 11 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1955 1959 - Apr Sun>=14 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr 10 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST # 1953 to 1971, ending rules Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1961 1967 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1971 only - Oct 31 1:00s 0 GMT # Current rules Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1972 max - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone GB-Eire 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 1:00s 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 1:00s 0:00 GB-Eire %s ############################################################################### # Continental Europe # The use of 1986 as starting years below is conservative. Rule W-Eur 1986 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule W-Eur 1986 max - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - Rule M-Eur 1986 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule M-Eur 1986 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule E-Eur 1986 max - Mar lastSun 3:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule E-Eur 1986 max - Sep lastSun 3:00s 0 - Rule Turkey 1986 max - Mar lastSun 1:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Turkey 1986 max - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - Rule W-SU 1986 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule W-SU 1986 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone WET 0:00 W-Eur WET%s Zone Iceland 0:00 - WET Zone MET 1:00 M-Eur MET%s Zone Poland 1:00 W-Eur MET%s Zone EET 2:00 E-Eur EET%s Zone Turkey 3:00 Turkey EET%s Zone W-SU 3:00 M-Eur ???? # Tom Hoffman says that MET is also known as Central European Time Link MET CET ############################################################################### # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. # # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but # uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey # switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time # and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) # ... # Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 # From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann) # Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174(a)cgcha.uucp> # ... # # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when # most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according # to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following # years... # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep # lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now. # # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the # Soviet Union (as far as I know). # # Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, # 4002 Basle, Switzerland # UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho # ... # Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 # From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter) # ... # # The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. # After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information # about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. # # ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on # first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... # In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that # the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 # the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in # the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch # dates... # # It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. # Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... # Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not # all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations # occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always # assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the # case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours # in advance of normal time. # # ... # dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland # INTERNET : dik(a)cwi.nl # BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax # From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988): # ... # Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). # Since 1978. Change at midnight. # ... # Monaco: has same DST as France. # ...

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British summer time dates from the horse's mouth
by ado July 17, 1989

July 17, 1989

Here's a note I received last week, quoted with permission. A new "europe" file should follow shortly, reflecting at least the 1990, 1991, and 1992 information. --ado > From ncifcrf!@NSFnet-Relay.AC.UK:@cs.heriot-watt.ac.uk:peter@memex.co.uk Thu Jul 13 09:48:05 1989 > Return-Path: <ncifcrf!@NSFnet-Relay.AC.UK:@cs.heriot-watt.ac.uk:peter@memex.co.uk> > Received: from ncifcrf.UUCP by elsie (4.0/SMI-4.0) > id AA09957; Thu, 13 Jul 89 09:48:03 EDT > Received: from NSFnet-Relay.AC.UK by fcs280s.ncifcrf.gov (4.0/NCIFCRF-1.0) > id AA25601; Thu, 13 Jul 89 04:54:06 EDT > Received: from cs.heriot-watt.ac.uk by NSFnet-Relay.AC.UK via Janet with NIFTP > id aa01688; 13 Jul 89 9:17 BST > Received: by doc.memex.co.uk (5.54/memex_12) > id AA20380; Tue, 4 Jul 89 10:30:35 BST > Date: Tue, 4 Jul 89 10:30:35 BST > From: Peter Ilieve <ncifcrf!NSFnet-Relay.AC.UK!peter%memex.co.uk> > Message-Id: <8907040930.AA20380(a)doc.memex.co.uk> > To: fcs280s!ado > Subject: British summer time dates from the horse's mouth > Status: RO > > >From the UK Government paper "Summer Time: A Consultation Document" > (HMSO Cm722 June 1989), which is about the possibility of the UK moving > into the central European timezone and synchronising its summer time with > the rest of Europe (by moving the end date back a month to end Sep., > the start dates are already the same). > > Summer time was not observed before 1916. > It was introduced in the First World War in response to its introduction > by Germany in March 1916. > During the Second World War normal summer time was used in Winter and double > summer time was used in Summer. > Between 1968 and 1971 GMT+1 was used all year as an experiment. > This caused voluble objections in Scotland and the experiment was judged > a failure. > > Although it does not say what happens in Europe, it does say that most > of Europe did not use summer time until 1979, presumably dropping it > after the 1st and/or 2nd war. > > Note that this is not necessarily accurate for Eire. > > The paper gives a complete record of dates from 1916, and dates up to 1992. > The intention is to have the new system, if any, start in 1993. > The dates are (copied exactly from the table in the paper): > > Summer Time Double Summer Time > Year Start End Start End > 1916 21 May 1 October > 1917 8 April 17 September > 1918 24 March 30 September > 1919 30 March 29 September > 1920 28 March 25 October > (extended from > 27 Sep. because > of coal strike) > > 1921 3 April 3 October > 1922 26 March 8 October > 1923 22 April 16 September > 1924 30 April 21 September > 1925 to 3rd Sunday 1st Sunday > 1938 in April in October > > 1939 16 April 19 November > 1940 25 February continued > 1941 continued continued 4 May 10 August > 1942 continued continued 5 April 9 August > 1943 continued continued 4 April 15 August > 1944 continued continued 2 April 17 September > 1945 continued 7 October 2 April 15 July > > 1946 14 April 6 October > 1947 16 March 2 November 13 April 10 August > 1948 14 March 31 October > 1949 3 April 30 October > 1950 16 April 22 October > 1951 15 April 21 October > 1952 20 April 26 October > > 1953 19 April 4 October > 1954 11 April 3 October > 1955 17 April 2 October > 1956 15 April 7 October > 1957 14 April 6 October > 1958 20 April 5 October > 1959 19 April 4 October > 1960 10 April 2 October > > 1961 26 March 29 October > 1962 25 March 28 October > 1963 31 March 27 October > 1964 22 March 25 October > 1965 21 March 24 October > 1966 20 March 23 October > 1967 19 March 29 October > > 1968 18 February continued > 1969 continued continued > 1970 continued continued > 1971 continued 31 October > 1972 19 March 29 October > 1973 18 March 28 October > 1974 17 March 27 October > > 1975 16 March 26 October > 1976 21 March 24 October > 1977 20 March 23 October > 1978 19 March 29 October > 1979 18 March 28 October > 1980 16 March 26 October > 1981 29 March 25 October > > 1982 28 March 24 October > 1983 27 March 23 October > 1984 25 March 28 October > 1985 31 March 27 October > 1986 30 March 26 October > 1987 29 March 25 October > 1988 27 March 23 October > > 1989 26 March 29 October > 1990 25 March 28 October > 1991 31 March 27 October > 1992 29 March 25 October > > These dates agree with the ones from Whitaker's Almanac for 1960--87 > you quoted in your latest posting of the tzone stuff. > > If we do go into the CET zone then you will have one less thing to worry > about in future. > > Peter Ilieve peter(a)memex.co.uk > >

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