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DST stories: Melbourne Shrine of Remembrance
by Scott Harrington Aug. 29, 2001

Aug. 29, 2001

On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located in Melbourne, Australia. Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, you will indeed see the sunbeam illiminate the special spot at the expected time. However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html [2] http://www.shrine.org.au

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THE END of the first unix gigasecond IS NEAR
by Scott Harrington Aug. 29, 2001

Aug. 29, 2001

Is anyone concerned about the rollover of time_t from 9 digits to 10? This is happening at 2001-09-09 01:46:40 GMT, which is next Saturday night, or evening in the US. Check your code for S1G bugs, such as ordering timestamps using textual rather than numeric comparisons, or assuming that time_t columns require no more than 9 characters. I have set an alarm but I plan to celebrate the dawn of the new gigasecond quietly. I once made the mistake of alerting my (non-geek) friends that a leap second had just occurred ...

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DST stories: Melbourne Shrine of Remembrance
by Scott Harrington Aug. 29, 2001

Aug. 29, 2001

On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program tonight I heard an interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located in Melbourne, Australia. Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, you will indeed see the sunbeam illiminate the special spot at the expected time. However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. If anyone who reads this in time is interested, the KQED broadcast (which was actually first broadcast back in April) will repeat at 2001-08-29 02:00 PDT, or 09:00 GMT, although the Melbourne story was in the last quarter hour of the lecture, i.e. 09:45-10:00Z. If you're not in San Francisco, you can listen on the web[3]. [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html [2] http://www.shrine.org.au [3] http://www.kqed.org

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RE: Russian cities
by Jesper Nørgaard Aug. 26, 2001

Aug. 26, 2001

There is yet another discrepancy between the list http://www.mark-itt.ru/Collection/Russia/tz_rus.html and the link http://wwg.lgg.ru/russia/reg65.html that the first list has Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk on GMT+11 while the second link from Anton Star has Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk on GMT+10. I have decided to trust the Anton Star list because it is very well built with a lot of details about many other issues of regional information, and all of those informations that I was able to cross-check came out true and correct (for instance population counters or flags of oblast's) and besides as Oscar points out some other information about Tajikistan etc. are apparently not correct on the first list. Regards, Jesper Nørgaard Welen Email: jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx Project Leader (Líder de Proyecto) Software CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Dirección: CIMMYT Int. c/o Jesper Nørgaard Km. 45, Carretera México-Veracruz El Batán Texcoco, Edo. de México CP 56130 MEXICO Tel.: +52 (5) 58-04-20-04 ext. 1374 Fax: +52 (5) 58-04-75-58 Tel. Casa: 53-10-05-95 ó 53-10-97-78 CIMMYT home page: http://cimmyt.cgiar.org Check out my free program World Time Explorer: http://www20.Brinkster.com/timezone50/index.htm http://home.grafitti.net/timezone50/index.htm ---------- From: Oscar van Vlijmen[SMTP:o.van.vlijmen@tip.nl] Sent: Domingo 26 de Agosto de 2001 9:01 To: TZ-list Subject: Re: Russian cities >From Paul Eggert: > Also, the two maps disagree about > Ul'yanovskaya oblast' <http://wwg.lgg.ru/russia/reg73.html>, > Altajskij kraj <http://wwg.lgg.ru/russia/reg22.html>, > and Respublika Altaj <http://wwg.lgg.ru/russia/reg04.html>. > Worldtimezone.com says the first is at UTC+4 and the other > two at UTC+7; LGG.ru says UTC+3 and UTC+6 respectively. In my email dated 2001-06-13 a couple of Russian language timezone lists are mentioned. These lists say: * Ul'yanovsk, in the Ul'yanovskaya oblast' - timezone Moswow + 1 (UTC+4 in winter) * Barnaul, in the Altajskij kraj - timezone Moscow +4 (UTC+7 in winter) * Gorno-Altaijsk, in the Respublika Altaj - timezone Moscow +4 (UTC+7 in winter) Worldtimezone.com gives the same information. See for one of those lists e.g. http://www.mark-itt.ru/Collection/Russia/tz_rus.html By the way, these lists say Azerbajdzhan, Kazakhstan, Tadzhikistan, Turkmeniya and Uzbekistan don't do DST. But, worldtimeserver.com says Azerbajdzhan and Kazakhstan (3 zones) do obey DST, while Tadzhikistan, Turkmeniya and Uzbekistan do not, which is the same information the tz-database gives. There is another discrepancy between lgg.ru and worldtimezone.com. According to lgg.ru the Arkhangel'skaya oblast' consists of the mainland part, the island Novaya Zemlya and the islet Kolguyev, all within the same timezone as Moscow. Worldtimezone however puts Kolguyev in the Moscow zone and Novaya Zemlya in the Moscow+1 zone. Hmmm, it's very difficult to get some definitive answers! Regards, Oscar van Vlijmen 2001-08-26

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Russian cities
by Jesper Nørgaard Aug. 26, 2001

Aug. 26, 2001

Hi, tz gurus. I am trying to figure out what time it is in the following russian cities: Balakovo, Engels, Saratov, Kamyshin, Volgograd, Volzhsky and Astrakhan. In "Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data" page http://www.twinsun.com/tz/tz-link.htm there are several maps mentioned which I examined. The CIA map (low802700.pdf) has these cities as being GMT+5. It even has the area sorounding Samara so small that I wonder if Ulyanovsk and Syzran are on GMT+4 or they are really on GMT+5. Manifolds net GPL-licenced map, seems to indicate one single time zone which both includes Samara and the above cities, suggesting that they should all be on GMT+4. I checked also the "World Timezones Map with current times" which is said to cover Russia particularly well (http://worldtimezone.com) and was made by a russian. This map has the most of these cities on GMT+3 which is what I have been sticking to until now. Recently Gwillim Law mentioned the page http://www.hammondmap.com/timezone/maintz.html which has a map where all these cities seem to be on GMT+4. Is there anybody on the tz mailing list that has more authoritative information? The question is if these cities are on GMT+3 (as I now have it), on GMT+4 or on GMT+5. The additional question is what time Ulyanovsk and Syzran are on. Of course, if you have my program World Time Explorer installed, you can check out on it's map the area I am talking about. Regards, Jesper Nørgaard Welen Email: jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx Programador/Analista CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Dirección: CIMMYT Int. c/o Jesper Nørgaard Km. 45, Carretera México-Veracruz El Batán Texcoco, Edo. de México CP 56130 MEXICO Tel.: +52 (5) 58-04-20-04 ext. 1374 Fax: +52 (5) 58-04-75-58 Tel. Casa: 53-10-05-95 ó 53-10-97-78 CIMMYT home page: http://cimmyt.cgiar.org Check out my free program World Time Explorer: http://www20.Brinkster.com/timezone50/index.htm http://members.theglobe.com/timezone50/index.htm

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RE: Russian cities
by Jesper Nørgaard Aug. 25, 2001

Aug. 25, 2001

If the map in http://wwg.lgg.ru/russia/timezone.html is correct, it seems to me that the GMT+6 region (or Moscow+3 if you like) is bigger to the south than most timezone maps of Russia I have come across until now. I assume this is what Oscar is referring to as "Respublika Altaj" and "Altajskij kraj". I attach a GIF file of this area as seen in World Time Explorer. Is it correct to conclude that the cities Rubtsovsk, Barnaul and Bijsk are all on GMT+6, not on GMT+7? Regards, Jesper Nørgaard Welen Email: jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx Project Leader (Líder de Proyecto) Software CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Dirección: CIMMYT Int. c/o Jesper Nørgaard Km. 45, Carretera México-Veracruz El Batán Texcoco, Edo. de México CP 56130 MEXICO Tel.: +52 (5) 58-04-20-04 ext. 1374 Fax: +52 (5) 58-04-75-58 Tel. Casa: 53-10-05-95 ó 53-10-97-78 CIMMYT home page: http://cimmyt.cgiar.org Check out my free program World Time Explorer: http://www20.Brinkster.com/timezone50/index.htm http://home.grafitti.net/timezone50/index.htm ---------- From: Oscar van Vlijmen[SMTP:o.van.vlijmen@tip.nl] Sent: Viernes 24 de Agosto de 2001 18:41 To: TZ-list; alan(a)allm-geodata.com Subject: Re: Russian cities Alan Pritchard wrote: > I have had the following information regarding Sakha This is very useful! Thanks. > [Also the map at http://wwg.lgg.ru/russia/timezone.html ] I converted the image map code on this web page to a list (below) and transliterated the Russian names for those who want to do further research. Please note that there are some conflicts between this timezone map and earlier information about the regions we investigated between 2001-06-10 and 2001-06-19 (cf. tz email archive). Seems that there are a bit too many regions in the Moscow timezone, according to Anton Star/lgg.ru. The following list is sorted by Moscow-offset and then by the names of the regions without the respublika, oblast' etc, in the order of the Russian alphabet. Transliteration scheme: Chemical Abstracts, the most readable transliteration - with the exception: ' is a soft sign, which should have been transliterated to the less email compatible '. Moskva-1 ------------ Kaliningradskaya oblast' Moskva = 0 ---------------- Moskva Moskovskaya oblast' Respublika Adygeya Arkhangel'skaya oblast' Astrakhanskaya oblast' Belgorodskaya oblast' Bryanskaya oblast' Vladimirskaya oblast' Volgogradskaya oblast' Vologodskaya oblast' Voronezhskaya oblast' Respublika Dagestan Ivanovskaya oblast' Respublika Ingushetiya Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika Respublika Kalmykiya Kalyzhskaya oblast' Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya Respublika Kareliya Kirovskaya oblast' Respublika Komi Kostromskaya oblast' Krasnodarskij kraj Kurskaya oblast' Leningradskaya oblast' Lipetskaya oblast' Respublika Marij El Respublika Mordoviya Murmanskaya oblast' Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug Nizhegorodskaya oblast' Novgorodskaya oblast' Orlovskaya oblast' Penzenskaya oblast' Pskovskaya oblast' Rostovskaya oblast' Ryazanskaya oblast' Sankt-Peterburg Saratovskaya oblast' Respublika Severnaya Osetiya Smolenskaya oblast' Stavropol'skij kraj Tambovskaya oblast' Respublika Tatarstan Tverskaya oblast' Tyl'skaya oblast' Ul'yanovskaya oblast' Chechenskaya Respublika Chuvashskaya oblast' Yaroslavskaya oblast' Moskva+1 ------------ Samarskaya oblast' Udmyrtskaya respublika Moskva+2 ------------- Respublika Bashkortostan Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug Kurganskaya oblast' Orenburgskaya oblast' Permskaya oblast' Sverdlovskaya oblast' Tyumenskaya oblast' Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug Chelyabinskaya oblast' Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug Moskva+3 ------------- Respublika Altaj Altajskij kraj Omskaya oblast' Novosibirskaya oblast' Moskva+4 -------------- Kemerovskaya oblast' Krasnoyarskij kraj Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug Tomskaya oblast' Respublika Tuva Respublika Khakasiya Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug Moskva+5 ------------- Respublika Buryatiya Irkutskaya oblast' Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug Moskva+6 ------------- Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug Amurskaya oblast' Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya) Chitinskaya oblast' Moskva+7 ------------- Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast' Khabarovskij kraj Primorskij kraj Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya) Sakhalinskaya oblast' Moskva+8 ------------- Magadanskaya oblast' Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya) Moskva+9 ------------- Kamchatskaya oblast' Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug Regards, Oscar van Vlijmen 2001-08-25

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FW: Russian cities
by Olson, Arthur David (NCI) Aug. 24, 2001

Aug. 24, 2001

Alan Pritchard is not on the time zone mailing list; direct replies appropriately. --ado -----Original Message----- From: alan(a)allm-geodata.com [mailto:alan@allm-geodata.com] Sent: Friday, August 24, 2001 4:56 AM To: o.van.vlijmen(a)tip.nl Cc: tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov; alan(a)allm-geodata.com Subject: Re: Russian cities I have had the following information regarding Sakha (which according to my Russian source is the only area split across more than 1 timezone: The following rayons fall in to each time zone. [] indicates the tz canonical name 8-th zone(MSK+6) [Europe/Yakutsk] Aldansky Amginsky Anabarsky Bulunsky Verkhnevilyuisky Verkhnekolymsky Vilyuisky Gorny Zhigansky Kobyaisky Lensky Megino-Kangalassky Mirninsky Namsky Nyurbinsky Olyokminsky Olenyoksky Srednekolymsky Suntarsky Tattinsky Khangalassky Ust-Aldansky Churapchinsky Eveno-Bytantaisky 9-th zone(MSK+7): [Europe/Vladivostock] Ust-Yansky Tomponsky Verkhoyansky Ust-Maisky 10-th zone(MSK+8): [Europe/Magadan] Abyisky Momsky Oimyakonsky Allaikhovsky Nizhnekolymsky Regards, Russian Information Service RISER [Also the map at http://wwg.lgg.ru/russia/timezone.html ] My database is now updated Best wishes Alan Pritchard The GLOBAL GAZETTEER: the world on file http://www.allm-geodata.com Tel: +44 (0) 1202 417 477

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IERS Message No. 13
by central_bureau＠iers.org Aug. 21, 2001

Aug. 21, 2001

*************************************************************************** IERS Message No. 13 August 21, 2001 *************************************************************************** Invitation to a Reception Honoring John Bosworth --- Tom Clark during the venue of the IAG Scientific Assembly 2001 Hosted by the IAG Services: IERS, ILRS, IVS, and IGS Dear colleagues, In June of this year two people retired from long-held leadership positions in the development and evolution of space geodesy - John Bosworth and Tom Clark of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. John was a central figure in the Crustal Dynamics Project and follow-on activities for the last 20 years. With this retirement he will also be vacating his position as the first Director of the Central Bureau of the International Laser Ranging Service and Chair of the CSTG Sites sub-commission. Tom Clark is widely recognized as the 'Guru' of VLBI, and has an impressive 32 year involvement in its development. Both Tom and John are have had influence on GPS: John's pursuing the multi-technique collocation site ties, and Tom's operations of the GPS equipment at GSFC, his totally accurate clock (TAC), and phase center measurements of the GPS antennae. An interesting review of their professional careers is planned with your help. We invite you to attend and if you have a particular memory that you will share, it will contribute to a memorable evening! Please join us: Honors Reception John Bosworth --- Tom Clark Monday, September 3, 20001 6:00 - 9:00 PM Taverna Hotel - Budapest Rooom 1052 Budapest, Vaci utca 20. Phone: +361 485 3100 Fax: +361 485 3111 * Excellent Hors D'Oeuvres will be served, cash bar. * Bring your memories and enjoy an evening with friends. ** Please RSVP ** reply to this message or send a message to ruth.neilan(a)jpl.nasa.gov with the word 'Reception' in the Subject. Additional Detail John Michael Bosworth, Associate Chief of the Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics and Head of the Space Geodesy and Sensor Calibration Office (Code 920.1), retired from GSFC on June 1 following almost 40 years of federal service, all but two years with NASA. Mr. Bosworth was honored by many individuals or organizations at his retirement dinner on June 12. John had a long and successful career as a Project Manager at Goddard but is perhaps best remembered for his past two decades of effort on behalf of space geodesy - first as Deputy Manager under Dr. Bob Coates, and then later as Manager, of NASA's Crustal Dynamics Project (CDP). The CDP scored many scientific firsts in making precise contemporary measurements of tectonic plate motion, regional crustal deformation, Earth orientation parameters (spin axis orientation and spin rate or length of day), Earth gravity field, etc. Following the termination of CDP in 1993 and the movement of space geodetic network responsibilities to GSFC's Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics, John retained primary responsibility for the management of NASA's SLR and VLBI networks and served as head of the CSTG Sites Subcommission and as the first Director of the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS) Central Bureau, which is located at GSFC. Dr. Thomas Arvid Clark retired from GSFC on June 1, 2001. Tom received his B.S. in Engineering Physics and his Ph.D. in Astro-Geophysics from the University of Colorado in 1961 and 1967 respectively. From 1966 to 1968, he served as Chief of the Astronomy Branch at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center and as Project Scientist on the Spacelab Coronagraph. Since arriving at GSFC in 1968, Dr. Clark has received numerous NASA awards for his pioneering work on Radio Astronomy Explorer 1 and 2 and several generations of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) systems. Since the beginning of the NASA Crustal Dynamics Project in 1979, a global network of approximately 30 VLBI stations have been used to define the Celestial reference Frame and to measure global plate tectonics, Earth orientation parameters, and Universal Time. In recent years, he developed the Totally Accurate Clock (TAC), an inexpensive GPS timing receiver that has found widespread use in a number of global networks. Tom was named a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union (AGU) in 1991 and a Fellow of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) in 1999. Tom was also a pioneer in amateur and digital radio; he designed and flew several low cost satellites for relaying amateur radio messages around the globe and is a past president of AMSAT. In May 2001, he was one of only 50 initial inductees into the CQ Amateur Radio Hall of Fame, a list which included such engineering luminaries and inventors as Guglielmo Marconi (radio), Samuel Morse (telegraph), Nikola Tesla (HF generators and radio), and John Bardeen and William Schockley (transistor). Dr. Clark has applied for GSFC Emeritus status. Ruth Neilan & Carey Noll *************************************************************************** IERS Messages are edited and ditributed by the IERS Central Bureau. To subscribe or unsubscribe, please write to <central_bureau(a)iers.org>. Archives: http://www.iers.org/iers/publications/messages/ ***************************************************************************

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IERS Message No. 12
by central_bureau＠iers.org Aug. 17, 2001

Aug. 17, 2001

*************************************************************************** IERS Message No. 12 August 17, 2001 *************************************************************************** IERS Bulletin A changes to AAM assimilation Predicted values of atmospheric angular momentum (AAM) were introduced into the IERS Bulletin A combination more than a year ago in an effort to improve our near-term UT1-UTC predictions. However, late last year we observed that the AAM-based values sometimes degraded the UT1 predictions as much as they helped. We suspended the use of AAM data at the beginning of 2001 to re-evaluate our entire AAM process. Starting with the 14 August 2001 issue of IERS Bulletin A (Rapid Service/Prediction of Earth orientation) -- Vol. XIV, No. 65 -- the AAM data have been restored to Bulletin A. The AAM results continue to come from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) at <ftp://ftp.ncep.noaa.gov/pub/cpc/long/aam/nmc/>. After the additional studies, our approach for assimilating AAM data has been changed. Differences include use of both pressure and wind AAM terms, use of the previously unavailable AAM analysis data at the 24-hour interval for the latest AAM analysis file, smoothing of the AAM-based LOD before integrating to UT1R, and removal of a best-fit sinusoid from the AAM UT1R time series. The analysis data value at the 24th hour was previously unavailable and allows for a better merging of the analysis and forecast periods into a single time series. Then, the resulting 15-day AAM-based LODR series (10 days of the most recent analysis + 5 days of forecast) are smoothed to remove variability with frequencies greater than the Bulletin's 2-day Nyquist frequency. The AAM-derived LODR is then integrated and the differences between a UT1 combination of geodetic-only data and the AAM-based UT1R values for the 10-day AAM analysis period are computed. A best-fit linear trend and sinusoid are fit to this difference time series. These fits are then weighted and removed from the entire AAM UT1R time series (analysis and forecast). The resulting rectified AAM-derived UT1R time series is then included in the Bulletin A UT1 combination together with the geodetic data. This procedure reduces the effects of systematic trends (both periodic and linear) that do not appear to be present in actual UT1 variability. Our studies indicate that this processing of this AAM-derived UT1R time series may reduce the UT1 prediction error by ~50% at 5 days into the future. The table below shows the UT1 RMS errors for our daily Bulletin A solutions (without AAM-based UT1R) and for the new AAM-based UT1R series for a 160-day period earlier this year; in both cases our "final" series is used retrospectively as truth. Assimilation ------- RMS UT1 Error versus Prediction Interval ------- Test Method 0 Day 1 Day 2 Days 3 Days 4 Days 5 Days wrt finals.data (us) (us) (us) (us) (us) (us) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- BullA (no AAM) 136.8 248.3 405.8 600.5 827.7 1084.3 AAM UT1R 97.2 150.4 220.4 294.4 381.4 483.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- [for the 160 days from 06 February through 15 July 2001] This work has been done by Tom Johnson (tj(a)CasA.usno.navy.mil) and Brian Luzum (bjl(a)maia.usno.navy.mil) Sincerely yours, Jim Ray IERS Bulletin A Web site: http://maia.usno.navy.mil/ *************************************************************************** IERS Messages are edited and ditributed by the IERS Central Bureau. To subscribe or unsubscribe, please write to <central_bureau(a)iers.org>. Archives: http://www.iers.org/iers/publications/messages/ ***************************************************************************

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RE: on australian time zone names and abbreviations
by Andrew Shebanow Aug. 17, 2001

Aug. 17, 2001

After reading through the mail archive, I'm just as confused as ever, but I withdraw the question. Hopefully, it won't start another war :-) -----Original Message----- From: Andrew Shebanow [mailto:shebanow@placeware.com] Sent: Thursday, August 16, 2001 6:16 PM To: 'tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov' Subject: on australian time zone names and abbreviations OK, I got dragged, bleeding and screaming, into the tar pit of time zone names by one of PlaceWare's Australian customers, who didn't like the fact that Java (1.3.1, at least) formats the time zone for 'Australia/Syndey' as "Eastern Standard Time (New South Wales)", or "EAT" for short. So I did a little research using google, the java sources, and the tz database. Here's what I found that may be relevant, but the bad news is it completely contradicts much of the info in your 'australasia' file. The link http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight-other.html lists the following as the standard names and abbreviations of time zones in Australia, quoting a source at Australia's National Standards Commission: ------------------------------------- AEST Australian Eastern Standard Time (+10 UTC) AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time (+11 UTC) ACST Australian Central Standard Time (+9.5 UTC) ACDT Australian Central Daylight Time (+10.5 UTC) AWST Australian Western Standard Time (+8 UTC) Note: AWDT Australian Western Daylight Time (+9 UTC) is a standard abbreviation, but as there is no daylight saving in the Australian western time zone, it is not used. Are the above abbreviations correct? Here is what the Australian National Standards Commission has said: From: Richard Brittain Sent: Tuesday, 19 December 2000 2:46 PM To: Margaret Turner Subject: RE: Australian Time Zone Abbreviations Margaret - The abbreviations that you propose to use are correct and in fact originated from the Post Master Generals Department (PMGs) some decades ago - the 1960s I believe. There is an AWDT even though it has not been in use for some years so it should appear in any list that claims to be comprehensive. Dr Richard Brittain Executive Officer, Legal Metrology National Standards Commission North Ryde, Sydney. Ph: +61 2 98883922. -------------------------------------- Note that the web page in question is linked to directly by one of the first reference pages listed in your notes section, http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html, under the topic "What are the abbreviations for Australian Time Zones?". Note also the use of "daylight time", not "summer time", contradicting John Mackin's note of 1991-03-06. Now, I'm in no position to judge what the correct official names are, but I thought I'd share my confusion over what is and is not correct... Any enlightment you could share would be much appreciated... Andrew Shebanow PlaceWare

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