- tz - lists.iana.org

proposed tz patches for post-1991 Iran, 1930s Soviet week, spelling
by Paul Eggert Dec. 18, 1996

Dec. 18, 1996

Rich Wales suggested that Iran's daylight-saving rules correspond to the Persian calendar and I found another expert source who agrees. This clarifies the daylight saving rules for Iran (and points out what appear to be minor errors in the IATA SSIM). Here's a patch embodying his suggestion, along with a better explanation of the Soviet week from 1929 through 1940 thanks to Chris Carrier, and some miscellaneous spelling fixes (including one fix to a message in `zic'). =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/zic.c,v retrieving revision 1996.14 retrieving revision 1996.14.1.1 diff -c -r1996.14 -r1996.14.1.1 *** zic.c 1996/12/16 14:42:02 1996.14 --- zic.c 1996/12/18 06:42:29 1996.14.1.1 *************** *** 1697,1703 **** (void) strcpy(startbuf, zp->z_format); eat(zp->z_filename, zp->z_linenum); if (*startbuf == '\0') ! error(_("can't determine time zone abbrevation to use just after until time")); else addtt(starttime, addtype(startoff, startbuf, startoff != zp->z_gmtoff, --- 1697,1703 ---- (void) strcpy(startbuf, zp->z_format); eat(zp->z_filename, zp->z_linenum); if (*startbuf == '\0') ! error(_("can't determine time zone abbreviation to use just after until time")); else addtt(starttime, addtype(startoff, startbuf, startoff != zp->z_gmtoff, =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/asia,v retrieving revision 1996.13 retrieving revision 1996.13.1.1 diff -c -r1996.13 -r1996.13.1.1 *** asia 1996/11/24 01:07:37 1996.13 --- asia 1996/12/18 06:42:29 1996.13.1.1 *************** *** 354,359 **** --- 354,379 ---- 9:00 - JAYT # Iran + # From Paul Eggert (1996-12-17), following up a suggestion by Rich Wales: + # Ahmad Alavi <URL:http://tehran.stanford.edu/Iran_Lib/Calendar/taghveem.txt> + # (1993-08-04) writes ``Daylight saving time in Iran starts from the first day + # of Farvardin and ends the first day of Mehr.'' This disagrees with the SSIM: + # + # DST start DST end + # year SSIM Alavi SSIM Alavi + # 1991 05-03!= 03-21 09-20!= 09-23 + # 1992 03-22!= 03-21 09-23 09-23 + # 1993 03-21 03-21 09-23 09-23 + # 1994 03-21 03-21 09-22!= 09-23 + # 1995 03-21 03-21 09-22!= 09-23 + # 1996 03-21!= 03-20 09-21!= 09-22 + # 1997 03-21 03-21 09-21!= 09-23 + # + # Go with Alavi starting with 1992. + # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 19.34 to compute Persian dates. + # The Persian calendar is based on the sun, and dates after around 2050 + # are approximate; stop after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. + # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - *************** *** 361,371 **** Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 - Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Iran 1991 only - Sep 20 0:00s 0 - ! Rule Iran 1992 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Iran 1992 1993 - Sep 23 0:00 0 - ! Rule Iran 1993 max - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Iran 1994 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - ! Rule Iran 1996 max - Sep 21 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time --- 381,430 ---- Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 - Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00s 1:00 S Rule Iran 1991 only - Sep 20 0:00s 0 - ! Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Sep 23 0:00 0 - ! Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - ! Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 23 0:00 0 - ! Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - ! Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 23 0:00 0 - ! Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - ! Rule Iran 2005 2007 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Iran 2005 2007 - Sep 23 0:00 0 - ! Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - ! Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 23 0:00 0 - ! Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - ! Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 23 0:00 0 - ! Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - ! Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 23 0:00 0 - ! Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - ! Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 23 0:00 0 - ! Rule Iran 2024 2025 - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Iran 2024 2025 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - ! Rule Iran 2026 2027 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Iran 2026 2027 - Sep 23 0:00 0 - ! Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - ! Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 23 0:00 0 - ! Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - ! Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 23 0:00 0 - ! Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time *************** *** 492,498 **** # # ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/misc/timezones/announcements/1996-1998.ps.gz # ! # Emptor Caveat: The dates for the years 1996-1998 were originally announced # on 1995-08-31, by the previous Minister of Interior. The new Minister # of Interior changed the dates on 1996-01-01, to take into account the # desires of certain portions of Israeli society (the next election is in the --- 551,557 ---- # # ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/misc/timezones/announcements/1996-1998.ps.gz # ! # Caveat emptor: The dates for the years 1996-1998 were originally announced # on 1995-08-31, by the previous Minister of Interior. The new Minister # of Interior changed the dates on 1996-01-01, to take into account the # desires of certain portions of Israeli society (the next election is in the =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/australasia,v retrieving revision 1996.13 retrieving revision 1996.13.1.2 diff -c -r1996.13 -r1996.13.1.2 *** australasia 1996/11/24 01:07:37 1996.13 --- australasia 1996/12/18 06:59:16 1996.13.1.2 *************** *** 48,62 **** # so use Lindeman. # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S ! Rule QL 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - ! Rule QL 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule Holiday 1989 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule Holiday 1990 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct lastSun 2:00s 10:00 1:00 EST 1972 Feb lastSun 2:00s ! 10:00 QL EST Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct lastSun 2:00s --- 48,62 ---- # so use Lindeman. # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S ! Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - ! Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule Holiday 1989 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule Holiday 1990 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct lastSun 2:00s 10:00 1:00 EST 1972 Feb lastSun 2:00s ! 10:00 AQ EST Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 10:00 - EST 1917 Jan 1 0:01 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Oct lastSun 2:00s *************** *** 339,345 **** 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time # Palmyra ! # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritmati # Papua New Guinea # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] --- 339,345 ---- 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time # Palmyra ! # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati # Papua New Guinea # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/europe,v retrieving revision 1996.13 retrieving revision 1996.13.1.1 diff -c -r1996.13 -r1996.13.1.1 *** europe 1996/11/24 01:07:37 1996.13 --- europe 1996/12/18 06:42:29 1996.13.1.1 *************** *** 78,84 **** # of the text said: # # `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands ! # beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longditude # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They # made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, --- 78,84 ---- # of the text said: # # `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands ! # beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They # made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, *************** *** 86,92 **** # along the towpath within a few yards of it.' # # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's ! # position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longditude should # be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. # # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] --- 86,92 ---- # along the towpath within a few yards of it.' # # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's ! # position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should # be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. # # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] *************** *** 167,173 **** # It ends at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day after the fourth Saturday # in October. (All the redundant `morning of the day ...' is in the Act.) # This is only of passing interest now as it will always be overridden by ! # an Order in Council (a Statutary Instrument, the SI thing mentioned above) # to specify the EC specified dates. # From Peter Ilieve <peter(a)memex.co.uk> (1993-10-18): --- 167,173 ---- # It ends at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day after the fourth Saturday # in October. (All the redundant `morning of the day ...' is in the Act.) # This is only of passing interest now as it will always be overridden by ! # an Order in Council (a Statutory Instrument, the SI thing mentioned above) # to specify the EC specified dates. # From Peter Ilieve <peter(a)memex.co.uk> (1993-10-18): *************** *** 327,333 **** # so that part of the 1922 Act will still apply. # # - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, SR&O 1939 No. 1379 ! # [SR&O == Statutary Regulation and Order] # # These were made under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939. # It changes the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November. --- 327,333 ---- # so that part of the 1922 Act will still apply. # # - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, SR&O 1939 No. 1379 ! # [SR&O == Statutory Regulation and Order] # # These were made under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939. # It changes the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November. *************** *** 403,409 **** # harmonise with the EC since 1981. The major change is that the time changes # to 01:00 GMT.) # ! # - The Summer Time Order, 1992, SI 1992/1729 [SI == Statutary Instrument] # # This specifies dates of: # Start End --- 403,409 ---- # harmonise with the EC since 1981. The major change is that the time changes # to 01:00 GMT.) # ! # - The Summer Time Order, 1992, SI 1992/1729 [SI == Statutory Instrument] # # This specifies dates of: # Start End *************** *** 1298,1304 **** 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 # Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981; ! # go with EU intead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 2:00 EU EE%sT # Hungary --- 1298,1304 ---- 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 # Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981; ! # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 2:00 EU EE%sT # Hungary *************** *** 1819,1827 **** 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT # Russia ! # From Shanks (1991): ! # In 1929 the Soviet Union instituted a 5 day week; in 1932 it instituted ! # a 6 day week; on 1940-06-27 it returned to the Gregorian week. # # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): # Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations, --- 1819,1833 ---- 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT # Russia ! ! # From Chris Carrier <72157.3334(a)CompuServe.COM> (1996-12-02): ! # On 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an ``Eternal Calendar'' ! # with 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week. ! # On 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the ! # Gregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it ! # reverted to the 7-day week. With the 6-day week the usual days ! # off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month. ! # (Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_) # # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): # Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations, *************** *** 1882,1888 **** # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 ! 6:00 - NOVT 1957 Mar # Novosibirsk TIme 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 6:00 1:00 NOVST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 6:00 - NOVT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s --- 1888,1894 ---- # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 ! 6:00 - NOVT 1957 Mar # Novosibirsk Time 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 6:00 1:00 NOVST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 6:00 - NOVT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s *************** *** 2134,2140 **** # Ukraine # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 UST # Ukrainian Summer Time ! Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 KMT # Kiev Mean TIme Rule Ukraine 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 UDST # Ukrainian Double Summer Time Rule Ukraine 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 UST Rule Ukraine 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 UDST --- 2140,2146 ---- # Ukraine # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 UST # Ukrainian Summer Time ! Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 KMT # Kiev Mean Time Rule Ukraine 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 UDST # Ukrainian Double Summer Time Rule Ukraine 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 UST Rule Ukraine 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 UDST =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/northamerica,v retrieving revision 1996.13 retrieving revision 1996.13.1.1 diff -c -r1996.13 -r1996.13.1.1 *** northamerica 1996/11/24 01:07:37 1996.13 --- northamerica 1996/12/18 06:42:29 1996.13.1.1 *************** *** 920,928 **** # MEXICO BAJA CAL N 7 H BEHIND UTC BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR AND # MEXICO BAJA CAL N N. PACIFIC COAST (STATES # MEXICO BAJA CAL N OF SINALOA AND SONORA) ! # MEXICO BAJA CAL N 8 H BEHIND UTC ABOVE 28TH PARALLAL APR 3 # MEXICO BAJA CAL N - OCT 29 ! # MEXICO BAJA CAL N 7 H BEHIND UTC ABOVE 28TH PARALLAL APR 3 # MEXICO BAJA CAL N - 0CT 29 # MEXICO 6 H BEHIND UTC STATES OF DURANGO, # MEXICO COAHUILA, NUEVO LEON, --- 920,928 ---- # MEXICO BAJA CAL N 7 H BEHIND UTC BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR AND # MEXICO BAJA CAL N N. PACIFIC COAST (STATES # MEXICO BAJA CAL N OF SINALOA AND SONORA) ! # MEXICO BAJA CAL N 8 H BEHIND UTC ABOVE 28TH PARALLEL APR 3 # MEXICO BAJA CAL N - OCT 29 ! # MEXICO BAJA CAL N 7 H BEHIND UTC ABOVE 28TH PARALLEL APR 3 # MEXICO BAJA CAL N - 0CT 29 # MEXICO 6 H BEHIND UTC STATES OF DURANGO, # MEXICO COAHUILA, NUEVO LEON, =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/southamerica,v retrieving revision 1996.13 retrieving revision 1996.13.1.1 diff -c -r1996.13 -r1996.13.1.1 *** southamerica 1996/11/24 01:07:37 1996.13 --- southamerica 1996/12/18 06:42:29 1996.13.1.1 *************** *** 61,67 **** # ARGENTINA 3 H BEHIND UTC # From Hernan G. Otero <hernan(a)isoft.com.ar> (1995-06-26): ! # I am sending modifications to the Argentinian time zone table... # AR was chosen because they are the ISO letters that represent Argentina. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S --- 61,67 ---- # ARGENTINA 3 H BEHIND UTC # From Hernan G. Otero <hernan(a)isoft.com.ar> (1995-06-26): ! # I am sending modifications to the Argentine time zone table... # AR was chosen because they are the ISO letters that represent Argentina. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S *************** *** 99,105 **** # These corrections were contributed by InterSoft Argentina S.A., # obtaining the data from the: # Talleres de Hidrografia Naval Argentina ! # (Argentinian Naval Hydrography Institute) # # Shanks gives 1989 Mar 16 and stops after 1990 Mar 4; go with Otero. Rule Arg 1989 1993 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - --- 99,105 ---- # These corrections were contributed by InterSoft Argentina S.A., # obtaining the data from the: # Talleres de Hidrografia Naval Argentina ! # (Argentine Naval Hydrography Institute) # # Shanks gives 1989 Mar 16 and stops after 1990 Mar 4; go with Otero. Rule Arg 1989 1993 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -

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tzcode1996n.tar.gz
by ado Dec. 16, 1996

Dec. 16, 1996

The file ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzcode1996n.tar.gz is now available; it incorporates the link snapping fix from Bruce Evans (via Garrett Wollman). --ado

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[Bruce Evans: fix for zic following obsolete links]
by Garrett Wollman Dec. 13, 1996

Dec. 13, 1996

Patch from a FreeBSD contributor... -GAWollman ------- start of forwarded message (RFC 934 encapsulation) ------- Message-Id: <199612131138.WAA30698(a)godzilla.zeta.org.au> From: Bruce Evans <bde(a)zeta.org.au> To: wollman(a)freebsd.org Subject: fix for zic following obsolete links Date: Fri, 13 Dec 1996 22:38:49 +1100 zic made a mess of my /usr/share/zoneinfo by not snapping obsolete links (mostly in America/Indiana and Etc). Bruce diff -c2 src/usr.sbin/zic/zic.c~ src/usr.sbin/zic/zic.c *** src/usr.sbin/zic/zic.c~ Fri Jul 19 10:27:13 1996 - --- src/usr.sbin/zic/zic.c Thu Dec 12 21:22:16 1996 *************** *** 1424,1427 **** - --- 1424,1438 ---- (int) (strlen(directory) + 1 + strlen(name) + 1)); (void) sprintf(fullname, "%s/%s", directory, name); + + /* + * Remove old file, if any, to snap links. + */ + if (!itsdir(fullname) && remove(fullname) != 0 && errno != ENOENT) { + const char *e = strerror(errno); + (void) fprintf(stderr, _("%s: Can't remove %s: %s\n"), + progname, fullname, e); + (void) exit(EXIT_FAILURE); + } + if ((fp = fopen(fullname, "wb")) == NULL) { if (mkdirs(fullname) != 0) ------- end -------

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RE: Russian data
by PYMCCART＠ECUVAX.CIS.ECU.EDU Dec. 3, 1996

Dec. 3, 1996

The Eastern Orthodox Churches are evidently individuated by states/nations, being most prominent in eastern Europe and Russia. The autonomy of statehood seems reflected also in some of the practices of state churches, the calendar being a rather divisive issue among them. A schism between Old and New Calendarists developed in this century, when in 1923 several state churches approximated the Gregorian Reform of 1582. The Russian and Greek churches were among those represented at an ecumenical council in which the reform proposal was approved. Technically, they did not fall into step with the Greogrian calendar, even though they skipped the requisite number of days to agree with it. They additionally adopted the new leap-year rule Chris Carrier has mentioned: Leap year every four years except years which leave remainders of 200 or 600 when divided by 900. (http://ecuvax.cis.ecu.edu/~pymccart/orthodox-reform.html) Not all state churches agreed to the reform, and some churches split internally over it. I have read that a subsequent compromise has been attempted, whereby the New Calendarists have readopted the Julian calendar for fixing moveable feasts related to Easter (the principal issue of contention), but observe other feasts, like Christmas, in agreement with the Gregorian calendar. As for the Orthodox church of Finnland, I have seen it mentioned in a few places as a lone exception, having adopted the Gregorian dates for all feasts. The explanation given is usually that the Christian population of Finnland is overwhelmingly Western in orientation, so the Orthodox in Finnland prefer to fit in. As for the FORMULA for computing Orthodox Easter, it would be the same as the Western formula, since both Churches regard the Council of Nicaea in 325 AD as authoritative. But because of the differences in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, the date of the Vernal Equinox (March 21) differs by about two weeks. There's another difference, too: relating to when/WHERE the moon is full. (http://cssa.stanford.ecu/~marcos/ortheast.html) --Rick McCarty

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Russian data
by Chris Carrier Dec. 3, 1996

Dec. 3, 1996

Paul Eggert wrote: Thanks. I edited your message down to the following: is it OK if I include this in a future revision of the `europe' file? # From Chris Carrier <72157.3334(a)CompuServe.COM> (1996-12-02): # On 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an ``Eternal Calendar'' # with 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week. # On 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the # Gregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it # reverted to the 7-day week. With the 6-day week the usual days # off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month. # (Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_) This is OK; I didn't know how much material to include, because the topic of discussion of the list is the clock, not the calendar, but Gregorian and the 5 and 6 day week experimental calendars were mentioned so I thought I should refine the data. I think the reason that the Russian Orthodox adhere to the Julian calendar, even today, is because Easter is getting steadily later under it. Easter is, after all, a spring festival, and late March in most of Russia is still snowy and very cold. By placing Easter in the date range April 4 - May 8 instead of March 22 - April 25 it's more springlike. Chris Carrier

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Russian calendar data
by Chris Carrier Dec. 2, 1996

Dec. 2, 1996

Some Russian information of interest to the list, and a question. We have Russia adopting a five-day calendar week in 1929 and a six-day week in 1932. The exact date for the adoption of the five day week was 1929-10-01 and for the six day week, 1931-12-01, not 1932. The 1940-06-27 date for the re- adoption of the seven day week is accurate; however they re-adopted their version of the Gregorian Calendar several years earlier (slightly different from ours in how it handles leap centuries; in the Gregorian, leap centuries are in those years divisible by 400; in their system, leap centuries are those in years divisible by either 200 or 600 mod 900, which makes the two calendars even until 2800- 02-28, when we have a leap year and they do not). The six day week was not always six days, but an integral part of the month; the usual days off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month. (Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, THE SEVEN DAY CIRCLE, a book about the history of the week.) Question: we have Greece on the Gregorian Calendar in 1846. I thought they were the last holdout, not adopting the Gregorian Calendar until 1923, which is when the Eastern Orthodox Churches got together and adopted the mod-900 version of the Gregorian Calendar described above. (The transition was made by making the day after 1923-09-30 Julian 1923-10-14 Gregorian.) Chris Carrier

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Timezone naming
by J Wunsch Nov. 27, 1996

Nov. 27, 1996

You'll say ``Argh!'' now, i know. After a long and heated discussion in the FreeBSD core team, we came to the conclusion that changing the timezone name for Central Europe from MET to CET is a very bad move. The reasoning: the name MET is in widespread use here on almost all Unix systems around. (With AIX being the most noteworthy and most funny exception; they call it ``Norway-France-Time'', NFT. :) However technically correct your choice for CET might be, it breaks tradition, and is in general something people here will consider a ``US-centric'' decision. MET might sound like a half-translated term in German, but people can easily memorize it, and identify their own timezone by this name. Other languages like Danish even use this term as well as their local abbreviation (which is no surprise given that Danish is closer to English than German is). You'll note that we don't mind you US inhabitants naming the New York timezone ``EST'' either, even though the term ``Western Atlantic Timezone'' is far more correct from our point of view, since you are west of us, not east as the name suggests. Needless to say, i'd leave the decision for this name at the people that have to live with the name. But i expect you doing likewise: respect our wish to keep the name `MET' for the Central/Middle European Time. Changing it will gain nothing, but cause support hassles for our userbase. Btw., there's at least one alternate (but not less bogus) translation for this abbreviation: Mediterranean Time. I'm also sending this request on behalf of Poul-Henning Kamp, another FreeBSD core team member. Cc to him for this. -- cheers, J"org joerg_wunsch(a)uriah.heep.sax.de -- http://www.sax.de/~joerg/ -- NIC: JW11-RIPE Never trust an operating system you don't have sources for. ;-)

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Re: Timezone naming
by Dik.Winter＠cwi.nl Nov. 26, 1996

Nov. 26, 1996

> - I hardly ever have seen MET and METDST used anywhere outside the Unix > world and we can very well assume that MET is today only known because it > somehow found its way into the Olson database some time ago. DST is an > abbreviation exclusively used in the U.S., most other countries > say "summer time". Some historical information from my online archives. The tz database as posted in mod.sources in March 1986 indeed had MET and did not mention CET. Also the variant posted in February 1987 had that. CET crept into the database in March 1987 when it was posted in comp.bug.4-bsd.fixes by Keith Bostic as an official BSD supplement. That version had the remark: # Tom Hoffman says that MET is also known as Central European Time Link MET CET Apparently non-native-English speakers were pretty satisfied with MET for quite a long time (oh, well, at least some 10 years). dik -- dik t. winter, cwi, kruislaan 413, 1098 sj amsterdam, nederland, +31205924131 home: bovenover 215, 1025 jn amsterdam, nederland; http://www.cwi.nl/~dik/

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Two `zones' for Germany?
by Garrett Wollman Nov. 26, 1996

Nov. 26, 1996

A FreeBSD contributor avers that the then-DDR began observing summer time a year [earlier|later] than the BRD, and further claims that the correct BRD start date should be 1979, not 1980 (and this the DDR would be [1978|1980]). (I have since deleted the message so I don't recall which direction the difference was.) According to the existing practice, then, there should be a different rule for locations which were in the DDR. I have no notion of which would be the most populous city in this case, but perhaps <joerg(a)freebsd.org> can provide more detailed information. -GAWollman -- Garrett A. Wollman | O Siem / We are all family / O Siem / We're all the same wollman(a)lcs.mit.edu | O Siem / The fires of freedom Opinions not those of| Dance in the burning flame MIT, LCS, ANA, or NSA| - Susan Aglukark and Chad Irschick

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ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata1996m.tar.gz
by ado Nov. 24, 1996

Nov. 24, 1996

Paul Eggert's batch of changes are incorporated in ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata1996m.tar.gz --ado

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