- tz - lists.iana.org

merge tzcode and tzdata?
by Oscar van Vlijmen Jan. 11, 2000

Jan. 11, 2000

About merging tzcode and tzdata, replying to an email from Arthur David Olson. I think it is still useful to keep code and data separated. Some users like me, have only interest in the data files because they do not compile the code. This separation could go even further. Why not separating the files Arts.htm, WWW.htm and the USNO files from the code and putting them in the data archive? Aforementioned files are data files, not strictly code-related files. But, I would be very happy if you changed nothing at all, since I compare automatically the former and the newest data and code archives with an advanced word processor. If files with the same names are in the same directories, the comparison is more efficient. However, a rigorous change has only to take place once. An even more useful suggestion would be to place the WWW.htm file in the directory ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/ Why don't you advocate your/our work through a web page? Submit this page to several search engines, I would suggest. Please don't hire a web page builder who produces 17 frame panels, 123 picts, 3 flash animations and intricate JavaScript code that only runs on the machine of the page builder. Another point: why is the tzarchive so big? It contains all discussions from the beginning till now. Isn't it more useful to make once a year an archive with all contributions from the beginning till [the current year minus one] plus a second archive with all contributions from the current year? I think my suggestions will enhance the "user experience" and will not greatly contribute to the needed server hard disk space or traffic. Regards, Oscar van Vlijmen 000111 # No, this is not some binary number, but the curent date a utility with a "numerical date" function generated, meaning January 11th, 2000.

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proposed tz changes for Argentina, Cuba, Hong Kong, Mongolia, Sonora
by Paul Eggert Jan. 11, 2000

Jan. 11, 2000

Here are some proposed changes to the tz database reflecting recent discussions on this list, plus some research and private email. Thanks to everybody who contributed. * Changes to data. - Argentina switched from UTC-3 without DST to UTC-4 with DST last spring. Wall clocks are affected starting March 5. (Thanks to Rives McDow for this info.) - Sonora stopped observing DST last year; new zone America/Hermosillo. (Thanks to Gwillim Law and Rives McDow for this info.) - Mongolia stopped observing DST last year. - New Zone Asia/Hovd for east Mongolia. - Asia/Ulaanbaatar renamed from Asia/Ulan_Bator, to reflect most popular spelling these days. Backward entry created. (Thanks to Gwillim Law, Rives McDow, and Oscar van Vlijmen for this info.) - Post-1999 Cuban DST starts the first Sunday in April, not April 1. (Thanks to Gwillim Law for this info.) - Add backward entry for GB-Eire, a Zone that was removed in 1993. (Sorry, I've forgotten who reported this problem.) - Change Hong Kong time abbreviation back to `HKT', as it's the most popular. * Changes to commentary - Update web links. Add pointers to HyperCard port, to Astrodienst for Shanks data, to NRAO for astronomical time, to JPL for spaceflight time, and to webexhibits for DST history (replacing energy.ca.gov) - Fix HTML typos in Arts.htm, found by nsgmls. - Add discussion of the International Date Line (thanks to Gwillim Law). - Update Antarctic base info. - More comments about the Nunavut time zone controversy. =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/antarctica,v retrieving revision 1999.5 retrieving revision 1999.5.0.1 diff -pu -r1999.5 -r1999.5.0.1 --- antarctica 1999/08/17 18:42:13 1999.5 +++ antarctica 2000/01/11 07:46:46 1999.5.0.1 @@ -1,9 +1,9 @@ # @(#)antarctica 7.16 -# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22): +# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15): # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see -# <a href="http://www.delm.tas.gov.au/comnap/members.html"> -# Antarctic Activities of Member Nations of the Antarctic Treaty (1996-05-24) +# <a href="http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/"> +# COMNAP - Stations and Bases # </a> # and # <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm"> @@ -35,18 +35,24 @@ Rule ChileAQ 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 Rule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 - -# Argentina - 6 year-round bases -# General Belgrano II -# 5 others +# Argentina - year-round bases +# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05 +# Esperanza, San Martin Land, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17 +# Jubany, Potter Peninsula, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01 +# Marambio, Seymour I, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29 +# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22 +# San Martin, Debenham I, -6807-06708, since 1951-03-21 +# (except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21) # Australia - territories # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) # previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered # # year-round bases -# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, since 1969 -# Davis, Vestfold Hills, since 1957-01-13 (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) -# Mawson, Holme Bay, since 1954-02-13 +# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969 +# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13 +# (except 1964-11 - 1969-02) +# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Antarctica/Casey 0 - ___ 1969 8:00 - WST # Western (Aus) Standard Time @@ -70,15 +76,16 @@ Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - ___ 1954 Feb # Brazil - year-round base # Ferraz, King George Island, since 1983/4 -# Chile - 4 year-round bases +# Chile - year-round bases +# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994 +# Frei, King George Is, -6214-05848, since 1969 +# O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02 +# Prat, -6230-05941 # China - year-round bases # Great Wall, King George Island, since 1985-02-20 # Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, since 1989-02-26 -# Finland - year-round base -# Aboa, Queen Maud Land, since 1988 - # France - year-round bases # # From Antoine Leca <Antoine.Leca(a)Renault.FR> (1997-01-20): @@ -103,7 +110,7 @@ Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - ___ 1950 # Por 5:00 - TFT # ISO code TF Time # # year-round base in the main continent -# Dumont-d'Urville, Terre Adelie (Adelie Land), -6640+14001, since 1956-11 +# Dumont-d'Urville, Ile des Petrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 # # Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. # It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. @@ -172,11 +179,11 @@ Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 # Peter I Island (never inhabited) # Poland - year-round base -# Arctowski, King George Island, since 1977 +# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977 # Russia - year-round bases -# Bellingshausen, King George Island -# Mirny +# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22 +# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02 # Molodezhnaya # Novolazarevskaya # Vostok @@ -198,11 +205,12 @@ Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 # and a garrison was deployed briefly # # year-round bases +# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983 # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-2619, since 1956-01-06 # Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01 # Uruguay - year round base -# Artigas, King George Island +# Artigas, King George Island, -9621104-0585107 # USA - year-round bases # =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/Arts.htm,v retrieving revision 7.27 retrieving revision 7.27.0.1 diff -pu -r7.27 -r7.27.0.1 --- Arts.htm 1999/11/15 23:43:22 7.27 +++ Arts.htm 2000/01/11 07:46:46 7.27.0.1 @@ -5,11 +5,9 @@ </HEAD> <BODY> <H1>Time and the Arts</H1> -<P> <H6> @(#)Arts.htm 7.27 </H6> -</P> <PRE> "Is that a pertinent fact, or are you trying to dazzle me with your command of time zones?" @@ -30,7 +28,7 @@ Personnel: Karrin Allyson, vocal Notes: CD notes "additional lyric by Karrin Allyson; arranged by Russ Long and Karrin Allyson" ADO Rating: 1 star -<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A175928">AMG Rating: 4 stars</A> +<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A175928">AMG Rating: 4 stars</A> Penguin Rating: 3.5 stars -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Artist: Kevin Mahogany @@ -45,7 +43,7 @@ Personnel: Kevin Mahogany, vocal Ralph Moore, tenor saxophone Lewis Nash, drums ADO Rating: 1.5 stars -<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A262654">AMG Rating: 3 stars</A> +<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A262654">AMG Rating: 3 stars</A> Penguin Rating: 3 stars -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Artist: Joe Williams @@ -59,7 +57,7 @@ Personnel: Joe Williams, vocal Notes: This CD is also available as part of a 3-CD package from Telarc, "Triple Play" (CD-83461) ADO Rating: black dot -<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A194434">AMG Rating: 2 stars</A> +<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A194434">AMG Rating: 2 stars</A> Penguin Rating: 3 stars -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Artist: Charles Fambrough @@ -76,7 +74,7 @@ Personnel: Charles Fambrough, bass Notes: On-line information and samples available at <A HREF="http://wwmusic.com/~music/audioq/rel/1033.html">http://wwmusic.com/~music/audioq/rel/1033.html</A> ADO Rating: 2 stars -<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A224430">AMG Rating: unrated</A> +<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A224430">AMG Rating: unrated</A> Penguin Rating: 3 stars ========================================================================== Also of note: @@ -93,7 +91,7 @@ Personnel: Holly Cole, voice Notes: Lyrical reference to "Eastern Standard Time" in Tom Waits' "Purple Avenue" ADO Rating: 2.5 stars -<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A157959">AMG Rating: 3 stars</A> +<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A157959">AMG Rating: 3 stars</A> Penguin Rating: unrated -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Artist: Milt Hinton @@ -124,7 +122,7 @@ Notes: tunes include Old Man Time, Time On-line samples available at <A HREF="http://www.globalmusic.com/labels/chiaroscuro/chiaro_cd_gallery.html">http://www.globalmusic.com/labels/chiaroscuro/chiaro_cd_gallery.html</A> ADO Rating: 3 stars -<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A162344">AMG Rating: 4.5 stars</A> +<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A162344">AMG Rating: 4.5 stars</A> Penguin Rating: 3 stars -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Artist: Paul Broadbent @@ -138,7 +136,7 @@ Personnel: Paul Broadbent, piano Frank Gibson, Jr., drums Notes: The CD cover features an analemma for equation-of-time fans ADO Rating: 1 star -<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A223722">AMG Rating: 4 stars</A> +<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A223722">AMG Rating: 4 stars</A> Penguin Rating: 3.5 stars -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Artist: Anthony Braxton/Richard Teitelbaum @@ -153,7 +151,7 @@ Personnel: Anthony Braxton, sporanino an Leroy Jenkins, violin and miscellaneous instruments Richard Teitelbaum, modular moog and micromoog synthesizer ADO Rating: black dot -<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A310757">AMG Rating: unrated</A> +<A HREF="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=A310757">AMG Rating: unrated</A> -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Artist: Jules Verne Book: Le Tour du Monde en Quatre-Vingts Jours =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/asia,v retrieving revision 1999.10 retrieving revision 1999.10.0.1 diff -pu -r1999.10 -r1999.10.0.1 --- asia 1999/11/13 19:27:44 1999.10 +++ asia 2000/01/11 07:46:46 1999.10.0.1 @@ -84,8 +84,7 @@ Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 # <edd(a)AIC.NET> reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, -# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. IATA SSIM (1999-02) reports -# that they switch one day later in 2001 (i.e. on Mondays). +# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time @@ -235,8 +234,7 @@ Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 - 8:00 HK HK%sT 1997 Jul 1 # return to China - 8:00 PRC C%sT + 8:00 HK HK%sT ############################################################################### @@ -853,31 +851,62 @@ Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time # Mongolia + # Shanks says that Mongolia has three time zones, but usno1995 and the CIA map # Standard Time Zones of the World (1997-01) # both say that it has just one. -# Let's comment out the western and eastern Mongolian time zones -# till we know what their principal towns are. + +# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): +# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm"> +# General Information Mongolia +# </a> (1999-09) +# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of +# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and +# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus +# eight hours." + +# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): +# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 +# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am +# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time +# of implementation may have been different.... +# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time +# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, +# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij. + +# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): +# For now, we'll comment out the east zone (Choybalsan) +# and use Shanks's and the IATA's data for the daylight-saving rules. +# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. +# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; +# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, +# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd +# is good enough for our purposes. + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Mongol 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Mongol 1981 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Mongol 1985 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S Rule Mongol 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - -Rule Mongol 1991 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Mongol 1991 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S Rule Mongol 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says 1996-10-25; go with Shanks. Rule Mongol 1996 only - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - -Rule Mongol 1997 max - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - +Rule Mongol 1997 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - +# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. + # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -#Zone Asia/Dariv 6:14:32 - LMT 1905 Aug -# 6:00 - DART 1978 # Dariv Time -# 7:00 Mongol DAR%sT -Zone Asia/Ulan_Bator 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug - 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulan Bator Time +Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug + 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time + 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT +Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug + 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT -#Zone Asia/Baruun-Urt 7:33:00 - LMT 1905 Aug -# 8:00 - BART 1978 # Baruun-Urt Time -# 9:00 Mongol BAR%sT +# We're not sure about this entry yet, so we'll omit it for now. +#Zone Asia/Choybalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug +# 8:00 - CHOT 1978 # Choybalsan Time +# 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 19?? +# 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT # Nepal # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] @@ -1097,7 +1126,8 @@ Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, -# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; ignore all these claims and go with Shanks. +# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; +# ignore all these claims and go with Shanks. Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Syria 1994 max - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/australasia,v retrieving revision 1999.10 retrieving revision 1999.10.0.1 diff -pu -r1999.10 -r1999.10.0.1 --- australasia 1999/11/13 19:27:44 1999.10 +++ australasia 2000/01/11 07:46:46 1999.10.0.1 @@ -177,9 +177,6 @@ Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ # </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Macquarie Island follows Tasmanian practice # irrespective of any local use of DST. This is unclear; ignore it for now. -# -# Manihiki, Penrhyn, Rakehanga -# no information # Christmas # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] @@ -348,7 +345,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time -# Palau +# Palau (Belau) # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time @@ -854,8 +851,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 ############################################################################### -# New Zealand, from Elz' asia 1.1 -# Elz says "no guarantees" +# New Zealand # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. @@ -896,6 +892,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 ############################################################################### + # Fiji # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji @@ -907,6 +904,9 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. +# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): +# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. + # From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to # improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it @@ -914,10 +914,12 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new # millenium. + # Johnston # Johnston data is from usno1995. + # Kiribati # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): @@ -925,6 +927,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. + # Kwajalein # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: @@ -933,6 +936,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. + # N Mariana Is, Guam # Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the @@ -940,6 +944,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. # Ignore this for now, as we have no hard data. See also Asia/Manila. + # Micronesia # Alan Eugene Davis <adavis(a)kuentos.guam.net> writes (1996-03-16), @@ -957,6 +962,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. + # Pitcairn # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): @@ -980,6 +986,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. + # Samoa # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) @@ -988,6 +995,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' + # Tonga # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): @@ -1057,3 +1065,31 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. + + +############################################################################### + +# The International Date Line + +# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): +# +# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, +# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. +# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on +# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. +# +# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and +# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL +# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most +# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line +# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific +# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international +# convention, but are not legally binding national borders. +# +# An Anglo-French Conference on Time-Keeping at Sea (June, 1917) agreed that +# legal time on the high seas would be zone time, i.e., the standard time at +# the nearest meridian that is a multiple of fifteen degrees. The date is +# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some +# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not +# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the +# correct date is ambiguous. =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/backward,v retrieving revision 1998.9 retrieving revision 1998.9.0.1 diff -pu -r1998.9 -r1998.9.0.1 --- backward 1999/11/08 22:27:22 1998.9 +++ backward 2000/01/11 07:46:46 1998.9.0.1 @@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ Link America/Indianapolis America/Fort_W Link America/Indiana/Knox America/Knox_IN Link America/St_Thomas America/Virgin Link Asia/Jerusalem Asia/Tel_Aviv +Link Asia/Ulaanbaatar Asia/Ulan_Bator Link Australia/Sydney Australia/ACT Link Australia/Sydney Australia/Canberra Link Australia/Lord_Howe Australia/LHI @@ -39,6 +40,7 @@ Link America/Havana Cuba Link Africa/Cairo Egypt Link Europe/Dublin Eire Link Europe/London GB +Link Europe/London GB-Eire Link Etc/GMT+0 GMT+0 Link Etc/GMT-0 GMT-0 Link Etc/GMT0 GMT0 =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/northamerica,v retrieving revision 1999.10 retrieving revision 1999.10.0.1 diff -pu -r1999.10 -r1999.10.0.1 --- northamerica 1999/11/13 19:27:45 1999.10 +++ northamerica 2000/01/11 07:46:46 1999.10.0.1 @@ -952,6 +952,14 @@ Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 - LMT # their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with # the current state of affairs. +# From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the +# <a href="http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html"> +# Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19)</a>: +# Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones, +# central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time +# for municipal offices and schools.... Igloolik [was similar but then] +# made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6. + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D Rule NT_YK 1918 only - Oct 27 2:00 0 S @@ -1079,6 +1087,12 @@ Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 # The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times # (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02). +# From Rives McDow (2000-01-10): +# Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time +# zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight +# savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of +# Arizona year round. + # From Shanks: # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Mexico 1939 only - Feb 5 0:00 1:00 D @@ -1120,7 +1134,19 @@ Zone America/Chihuahua -7:04:20 - LMT 19 -6:00 Mexico C%sT 1998 -6:00 - CST 1998 Apr Sun>=1 3:00 -7:00 Mexico M%sT -# S Baja California, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Sonora +# Sonora +Zone America/Hermosillo -7:23:52 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:36:08 + -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 + -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15 + -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00 + -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct + -7:00 - MST 1932 Mar 30 23:00 + -6:00 - CST 1942 Apr + -7:00 - MST 1949 Jan 14 + -8:00 - PST 1970 + -7:00 Mexico M%sT 1999 + -7:00 - MST +# S Baja California, Nayarit, Sinaloa Zone America/Mazatlan -7:05:40 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:54:20 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 -6:00 - CST 1930 Nov 15 @@ -1261,7 +1287,7 @@ Rule Cuba 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00s 0 S Rule Cuba 1997 only - Oct 12 0:00s 0 S Rule Cuba 1998 1999 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 D Rule Cuba 1998 max - Oct lastSun 0:00s 0 S -Rule Cuba 2000 max - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 D +Rule Cuba 2000 max - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 D # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890 =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/southamerica,v retrieving revision 1999.10 retrieving revision 1999.10.0.1 diff -pu -r1999.10 -r1999.10.0.1 --- southamerica 1999/11/13 19:27:45 1999.10 +++ southamerica 2000/01/11 07:46:46 1999.10.0.1 @@ -80,12 +80,12 @@ Rule Arg 1963 only - Dec 15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Arg 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - Rule Arg 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Arg 1967 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Arg 1967 1968 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Arg 1968 1969 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 - +Rule Arg 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Arg 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 - Rule Arg 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S Rule Arg 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Arg 1974 1976 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Arg 1975 1977 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 - +Rule Arg 1974 1976 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Arg 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 - Rule Arg 1985 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S Rule Arg 1986 only - Mar 14 0:00 0 - Rule Arg 1986 1987 - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S @@ -108,6 +108,15 @@ Rule Arg 1989 1992 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1: # time corrections was derogated and no more modifications # to the time zones (for daylight saving) are now made. # +# From Rives McDow (2000-01-10): +# On October 3, 1999, 0:00 local, Argentina implemented daylight savings time, +# which did not result in the switch of a time zone, as they stayed 9 hours +# from the International Date Line. On March 5, 2000, at 0:00 local time, +# Argentina will come off daylight savings time, which will bring them to 8 +# hours from the International Date Line. +Rule Arg 1999 max - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Arg 2000 max - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - +# # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # # Buenos Aires (BA), Distrito Federal (DF), Santa Cruz (SC), @@ -115,26 +124,29 @@ Rule Arg 1989 1992 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1: Zone America/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT 1894 Nov -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec - -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 - -3:00 Arg AR%sT + -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 + -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3 0:00 + -4:00 Arg AR%sT # # Santa Fe (SF), Entre Rios (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN), Chaco (CC), # Formosa (FM), La Pampa (LP), Chubut (CH) Zone America/Rosario -4:02:40 - LMT 1894 Nov -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec - -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 + -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Jul - -3:00 - ART + -3:00 - ART 1999 Oct 3 0:00 + -4:00 Arg AR%sT # # Cordoba (CB), Santiago del Estero (SE), Salta (SA), Tucuman (TM), La Rioja (LR), San Juan (SJ), San Luis (SL), # Neuquen (NQ), Rio Negro (RN) Zone America/Cordoba -4:16:44 - LMT 1894 Nov -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec - -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 + -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1990 Jul - -3:00 - ART + -3:00 - ART 1999 Oct 3 0:00 + -4:00 Arg AR%sT # # Jujuy (JY) Zone America/Jujuy -4:21:12 - LMT 1894 Nov @@ -145,17 +157,19 @@ Zone America/Jujuy -4:21:12 - LMT 1894 N -4:00 - WART 1991 Oct 6 -4:00 1:00 WARST 1992 Mar 15 -4:00 - WART 1992 Oct 18 - -3:00 - ART + -3:00 - ART 1999 Oct 3 0:00 + -4:00 Arg AR%sT # # Catamarca (CT) Zone America/Catamarca -4:23:08 - LMT 1894 Nov -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec - -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 + -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1990 Jul -3:00 - ART 1991 Jul -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1992 Jul - -3:00 - ART + -3:00 - ART 1999 Oct 3 0:00 + -4:00 Arg AR%sT # # Mendoza (MZ) Zone America/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT 1894 Nov @@ -166,7 +180,8 @@ Zone America/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT 1894 -4:00 - WART 1991 Oct 15 -4:00 1:00 WARST 1992 Mar 1 -4:00 - WART 1992 Oct 18 - -3:00 - ART + -3:00 - ART 1999 Oct 3 0:00 + -4:00 Arg AR%sT # Aruba # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] @@ -411,7 +426,7 @@ Zone America/Porto_Acre -4:31:12 - LMT 1 -5:00 Brazil AC%sT 1988 Sep 12 -5:00 - ACT # -# Martin Vaz and Trinidade are like America/Noronha. +# Martin Vaz and Trindade are like America/Noronha. # Chile @@ -545,7 +560,8 @@ Rule Para 1996 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 - Rule Para 1997 only - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule Para 1998 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 - Rule Para 1996 max - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S -# IATA SSIM (1999-02) says lastSat, not lastSun; go with Shanks. +# IATA SSIM (1999-02) says lastSat, not lastSun; (1999-09) reports no date; +# go with Shanks. Rule Para 1999 max - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Asuncion -3:50:40 - LMT 1890 =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/WWW.htm,v retrieving revision 1999.10 retrieving revision 1999.10.0.1 diff -pu -r1999.10 -r1999.10.0.1 --- WWW.htm 1999/11/13 19:27:44 1999.10 +++ WWW.htm 2000/01/11 07:46:46 1999.10.0.1 @@ -37,6 +37,16 @@ Here are some recent links that may be o <LI><A HREF="http://www.bsdi.com/date/">Date and Time Gateway</A> is a text-based source for tables of current time throughout the world. Its point-and-click interface accesses a recent version of the tz data. +<LI><A +HREF="http://www1.tip.nl/~t876506/AboutTimeZonesHC.html">HyperCard +time zones calculator</A> is a <A +HREF="http://www.apple.com/hypercard/">HyperCard</A> interface to a +recent version of the tz data. +<LI><A HREF="http://www.astro.ch/atlas/">Astrology / Astrologie -> +Astrodienst Atlas Database</A> is Astrodienst's Web version of <A +HREF="http://www.astrocom.com/books/xrefa.htm#SHANKS">Shanks's +excellent time zone history atlases</A> published by <A +HREF="http://www.astrocom.com/">Astro Communications Services</A>. <LI><A HREF="http://worldtime.com/">WORLDTIME: interactive atlas, time info, public holidays</A> contains information on local time, sunrise and sunset, @@ -62,7 +72,7 @@ and parts of the data are a few years ou has several fancy time zone maps; it covers Russia particularly well. The maps' pictorial quality is not quite as good as the CIA's and (as usual with maps) the maps are not quite up to date. -<LI><A HREF="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/toi.html">The +<LI><A HREF="http://www.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/toi.html">The Time of Internet</A> contains good descriptions of Time Zones and daylight saving time, with diagrams. @@ -70,9 +80,16 @@ The time zone map is out of date, howeve <LI><A HREF="http://ecco.bsee.swin.edu.au/chronos/GMT-explained.html">A Few Facts Concerning GMT, UT, and the RGO</A> answers questions like ``What is the difference between GMT and UTC?'' -<LI><A HREF="http://energy.ca.gov/daylightsaving.html">Daylight -Saving Time -- Saving Time, Saving Energy</A> -is a history of DST in the US. +<LI><A +HREF="http://sadira.gb.nrao.edu/~rfisher/Ephemerides/times.html">Astronomical +Times</A> explains more abstruse astronomical time scales like TT, TCG, +and TDB. +<LI><A HREF="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/basics/bsf2-3.htm">Earth +and Its Reference Systems</A> +briefly explains interplanetary space flight timekeeping. +<LI><A HREF="http://www.webexhibits.com/daylightsaving/">Daylight +Saving Time -- History, rationale, laws and dates</A> +is a good history of DST. <LI><A HREF="http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/Measurements_and_Units/Time/Time_Zones/">Yahoo! - Science:Measurements and Units:Time:Time Zones</A> is where the famous Internet indexing service Yahoo! collects its time zone info. @@ -87,7 +104,7 @@ when leap seconds occur. </UL> <P> -- <A HREF="mailto:eggert@twinsun.com">eggert(a)twinsun.com</A> -(1999-03-22) +(2000-01-10) </P> <H2>Arthur David Olson writes:</H2><P> A good source of information about =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/zone.tab,v retrieving revision 1999.10 retrieving revision 1999.10.0.1 diff -pu -r1999.10 -r1999.10.0.1 --- zone.tab 1999/11/13 19:27:45 1999.10 +++ zone.tab 2000/01/11 07:46:46 1999.10.0.1 @@ -234,7 +234,8 @@ MK +4159+02126 Europe/Skopje ML +1239-00800 Africa/Bamako southwest Mali ML +1446-00301 Africa/Timbuktu northeast Mali MM +1647+09610 Asia/Rangoon -MN +4755+10653 Asia/Ulan_Bator +MN +4755+10653 Asia/Ulaanbaatar most locations +MN +4801+09139 Asia/Hovd Bayan-Olgiy, Hovd, Uvs MO +2214+11335 Asia/Macao MP +1512+14545 Pacific/Saipan MQ +1436-06105 America/Martinique @@ -246,8 +247,9 @@ MV +0410+07330 Indian/Maldives MW -1547+03500 Africa/Blantyre MX +1924-09909 America/Mexico_City Central Time - most locations MX +2105-08646 America/Cancun Central Time - Quintana Roo -MX +2313-10625 America/Mazatlan Mountain Time - most locations +MX +2313-10625 America/Mazatlan Mountain Time - S Baja, Nayarit, Sinaloa MX +2838-10605 America/Chihuahua Mountain Time - Chihuahua +MX +2904-11058 America/Hermosillo Mountain Standard Time - Sonora MX +3232-11701 America/Tijuana Pacific Time MY +0310+10142 Asia/Kuala_Lumpur peninsular Malaysia MY +0133+11020 Asia/Kuching Sabah & Sarawak

1 0

Capital change Lagos/Abuja
by Jesper Nørgaard Jan. 10, 2000

Jan. 10, 2000

I'm not sure if there exists a rule that the tzdata files should use the capital of a country as base e.g. "Europe/Copenhagen" when there is only one time zone in a country. However, if that is the convention which is followed, it might interest you that Nigeria apparently changed capital in 1991 from Lagos to Abuja. My best source (there are plenty) is http://www.usia.gov/regional/af/sectrp99/infonige.htm which mentions the date for the capital change as being 12.th. of December 1991: ===== quote ======== Capital: Abuja note: on 12 December 1991 the capital was officially moved from Lagos to Abuja; many government offices remain in Lagos pending completion of facilities in Abuja. ===== unquote ======== Regards, Jesper Nørgaard Email: jnorgard(a)df1.telmex.net.mx Programador/Analista CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Dirección: CIMMYT, Lisboa 27, 06600 Mexico, D.F. Tel.: +52 (5) 7267541 ext. 1374 Fax: +52 (5) 7267558 Tel. Casa: 53-10-05-95 ó 53-10-97-78 CIMMYT home page: http://www.cimmyt.mx

1 0

Sonora going to year-round standard time; Atyrau switched zones twice?
by Paul Eggert Jan. 9, 2000

Jan. 9, 2000

A while ago Gwillim Law sent me a summary of the time zone changes in the 1999-09 IATA Standard Schedules Information Manual, and I finally got around to looking at them. Here are changes that are not in the current tz tables: Mexico: The state of Sonora is going on year-round Mountain Standard Time. Kazakstan: Atyrau switched from Western (Kazazhstan) time to Central in mid-1997, and switched back in mid-1999. Does anyone on this list have more information about these changes, in particular, details about exactly when the changes occurred? I tried to confirm them on the web, but my Spanish is limited and my Kazazh nonexistent.

1 0

Guernsey adoption of GMT, and WW2 reference
by Joseph S. Myers Jan. 6, 2000

Jan. 6, 2000

Some more work on the history of legal time in the Channel Islands (some way still to go before the information for the Crown Dependencies is as complete as that for the UK, though).... I found this, relating to the adoption of GMT in Guernsey, in the published "Recueil D'Ordonnances de la Cour Royale de l'Ile de Guernesey", Tome V, 1901-1931, in Cambridge University Library. The library doesn't have a correspoding series for Jersey, so I don't yet have the corresponding 1898 law for Jersey. (Likewise, I have yet to check the 1883 law of the Isle of Man mentioned in the europe file, and nor do I know whether this law of Guernsey would cover Alderney or Sark, which at least nowadays are part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey, but which made some of their own summer-time legislation in World War 1.) >From the World War 2 period, when the Channel Islands, under German occupation, may well have used a different time from that in the UK, I have references to "The Defence (Channel Islands) Regulations, 1944", with marginal titles "Advance of time" and "Change of time", being registered on the records of Guernsey; these regulations having been made by the officer in command of the armed forces in the Channel Islands under powers given by The Emergency Powers (Channel Islands) Order in Council, 1944 (S.R. & O. 1944 No. 1483), but apparently not themselves included in the series of UK Statutory Rules and Orders. Ordonnance réglant l'heure légale. La Cour, en renouvelant les dispositions de l'Ordonnance provisoire réglant l'heure légale passée aux Chefs-Plaids d'après Pâques tenus le 19 avril 1909 et renouvelée par l'Ordonnance provisoire passée aux Chefs-Plaids d'aprés Pâques tenus le 31 mars 1913, ouïes les conclusions des Officiers du Roi a ordonné et ordonne :- Vu la délibération des États en date du 7 avril 1909. La Cour, ouïes les conclusions des Officiers du Roi, a ordonné et ordonne :- ARTICLE UNIQUE ^ L'heure légale en cette Île est l'heure temps moyen de Greenwich. | [marginal note: L'heure légale temps moyen de Greenwich.] -- Joseph S. Myers jsm28(a)cam.ac.uk

1 0

Timezone boundaries
by Oscar van Vlijmen Jan. 5, 2000

Jan. 5, 2000

This was part of a mail from Oscar van Vlijmen: > [...] Theoretical timezones: > Take [0;15W), [15;30W),..., [165;180W), [180E;165E),..., [15E;0E) > Times in hours from UT. [ means including, ) means not including. > 0-15E +1 [...] Gwillim Law wrote: Minor correction: what I was trying to express was that ships at sea should use UTC between 7.5 degrees E and 7.5 degrees W, UTC+1 between 7.5 degrees E and 22.5 degrees E, etc. Oscar replies: Gwillim could be very right. Looking carefully at for instance the "standard time zones" map from HM Nautical Almanac Office and the map "standard time zones of the world" from the CIA world factbook (both of which maps btw are not up to date), then I can see that they reflect the situation Gwillim depicts. Another flaw in my list was the absence of a UT+0 zone. Thanks for all your remarks. Here is the new list: Theoretical timezones: Times in hours from UT. [ ] means including, ( ) means not including. This rather arbitrary distinction is needed for mathematical reasons, i.e. when implementing in a program. longitude range time offset [7.5W-7.5E) +0 [7.5E-22.5E) +1 [22.5E-37.5E) +2 [37.5E-52.5E) +3 [52.5E-67.5E) +4 [67.5E-82.5E) +5 [82.5E-97.5E) +6 [97.5E-112.5E) +7 [112.5E-127.5E) +8 [127.5E-142.5E) +9 [142.5E-157.5E) +10 [157.5E-172.5E) +11 [172.5E-180E) +12 (172.5W-180W] -12 (157.5W-172.5W] -11 (142.5W-157.5W] -10 (127.5W-142.5W] -9 (112.5W-127.5W] -8 (97.5W-112.5W] -7 (82.5W-97.5W] -6 (67.5W-82.5W] -5 (52.5W-67.5W] -4 (37.5W-52.5W] -3 (22.5W-37.5W] -2 (7.5W-22.5W] -1 Oscar van Vlijmen 2000-01-05

2 1

International Date Line, international waters
by Oscar van Vlijmen Jan. 5, 2000

Jan. 5, 2000

Gwillim Law wrote: >The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, >convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. >Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on >the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. >When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and >Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL >to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most >mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line >has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific >island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international >convention, but are not legally binding national borders. It is possible that this is the most accurate answer given thusfar. About those straight line borders between the Pacific island nations: My copy of the "Reference map of oceania" from the University of Hawaii Press shows only CURVED boundaries. The latest edition of the Times Atlas, the 10th comprehensive edition, shows super straight boundary lines. On the University of Hawaii press map you can find a large spot of "no man's water" enclosed by the boundaries of Micronesia, Nauru, Gilbert Islands, Tuvalu, Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea. The Times atlas gives the impression that this "no man's water" is just part of the Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea and the rest respectively. Furthermore, the Times atlas gives the impression that Niue, the example Gwillim Law gave, is part of the Cook Islands including (!) Tokelau and that a straight border runs immediately left of Niue's island with main city Alofi. The University of Hawaii press map by contrast, shows a curved border about 200 kilometers left of Niue, and also separate curved borders around the Cook Islands and the Tokelau Islands. Tokelau is annotated being a dependency of New Zealand, the Cook Islands are "free associated" with New Zealand and Niue has no status. The US Office of the Geographer and Global Issues of the State Department lists Niue as a New Zealand dependency, just like Tokelau and Cook (http://www.state.gov/www/regions/dependencies.html) There is probably more on the subject boundaries in: Law of the Sea, student edition: Chapter 5. Baselines, zones, limits and boundaries. I can't find a complete on-line edition and I do no possess a printed copy. It appears that in 1994 60 nations ratified the UN-sponsored Law of the Sea Treaty of 1982, which establishes a 12-mile limit for territorial waters, but many provisions already have been internationally accepted. These are 12 nautical miles, so 1852 x 12 = 22224 meters. The Treaty stipulates a 200 nautical mile exclusive economic zone, for instance for regulating fishing rights and rights for mineral exploitation. The forerunner of the Law of the sea Treaty 1982, with respect to territorial boundaries, is the Convention on the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone of 1958. This one is on-line: http://sedac.ciesin.org/pidb/texts/territorial.contiguous.zone.1958.html Are we still talking timezones? Yes, Gwillim Law noted: >An Anglo-French Conference on Time-Keeping at Sea (June, 1917) agreed that >legal time on the high seas would be zone time, i.e., the standard time at >the nearest meridian that is a multiple of fifteen degrees. When you are out of territorial waters (12 nm) you are in international waters and you should obey the theoretical timezone, innit? I made up the following list: Theoretical timezones: Take [0;15W), [15;30W),..., [165;180W), [180E;165E),..., [15E;0E) Times in hours from UT. [ means including, ) means not including. 0-15E +1 15-30E +2 30-45E +3 45-60E +4 60-75E +5 75-90E +6 90-105E +7 105-120E +8 120-135E +9 135-150E +10 150-165E +11 165-180E +12 0-15W -1 15-30W -2 30-45W -3 45-60W -4 60-75W -5 75-90W -6 90-105W -7 105-120W -8 120-135W -9 135-150W -10 150-165W -11 165-180W -12 Is all this information useful or too silly to talk about? Oscar van Vlijmen 2000-01-05

2 1

RE: International Date Line, international waters
by Law, Gwil Jr. Jan. 5, 2000

Jan. 5, 2000

Oscar van Vlijmen wrote: > [...] Gwillim Law noted: >>An Anglo-French Conference on Time-Keeping at Sea (June, 1917) agreed that >>legal time on the high seas would be zone time, i.e., the standard time at >>the nearest meridian that is a multiple of fifteen degrees. > [...] Theoretical timezones: > Take [0;15W), [15;30W),..., [165;180W), [180E;165E),..., [15E;0E) > Times in hours from UT. [ means including, ) means not including. > 0-15E +1 [...] Minor correction: what I was trying to express was that ships at sea should use UTC between 7.5 degrees E and 7.5 degrees W, UTC+1 between 7.5 degrees E and 22.5 degrees E, etc. Gwillim Law

1 0

For your amusement
by Manavendra Thakur Jan. 4, 2000

Jan. 4, 2000

Hi folks, I've been an observer ("lurker") of this mailing list for some years now. In my previous life, I used to use the information to provide free timezone patches for European customers of the operating system my previous company produced. My grateful and humble thanks to all of you who have contributed to the upkeep of this precious resource over the years! As a small token, here's something for your amusement that I saw in the New York Times newswire... I find it amazing that Cameron's Corner in Australia straddles three timezones. (But probably this isn't news to anyone on this mailing list!) Manavendra Thakur mthakur(a)alum.mit.edu December 29, 1999 'Auld Lang Syne' by 3 By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS SYDNEY, Australia, Dec. 28 -- Party, party, party! New Year's Eve celebrations at Cameron's Corner, a remote settlement in Australia's Outback, will be in triplicate, the local bar owner said today. The tiny village about 740 miles northwest of Sydney straddles three state boundaries, and three times zones. This means it will witness the end of the old and the start of the new millennium not once, not twice, but three times in the space of just one hour and one minute. Cameron's Corner's usual population -- four -- is expected to swell to around 1,000 on Dec. 31 as revelers head there for a millennium party with a difference. Copyright 1999 The New York Times Company

5 5

RE: International date line
by Law, Gwil Jr. Jan. 3, 2000

Jan. 3, 2000

John Cowan wrote: >> Niue, to take a simple example, is shown in my Rand McNally International >> Atlas surrounded by a rectangle extending from approximately 166.5 to 170.5 >> degrees West, and 17.5 to 23.5 degrees South. > > Okay. And this bounding box is defined by an international convention? > Or is it just RMcN's convention? I think it's an international convention. That's based on something I read several years ago. I don't have any reference for it at this date. As I tried to state, my original posting on this topic was more than mere speculation, but less than authoritative. Gwillim Law

2 1

RE: International date line
by Law, Gwil Jr. Jan. 3, 2000

Jan. 3, 2000

John Cowan wrote: >> The straight-line boundaries between Pacific >> island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international >> convention, but are not legally binding national borders. > > I'm confused. Does this mean that there are overlapping claims to sovereignty, > or what? What is a "legally binding national border" anyway? As I understand the situation, sovereignty extends to the land area of each island, plus its territorial waters (the twelve-mile limit, or whatever the individual country claims). The "straight-line boundaries" I was talking about divide a large part of the Pacific into contiguous zones, extending well beyond the limits of sovereignty. Niue, to take a simple example, is shown in my Rand McNally International Atlas surrounded by a rectangle extending from approximately 166.5 to 170.5 degrees West, and 17.5 to 23.5 degrees South. The actual extent of Niue, including its territorial waters, can be contained within a rectangle from about 169.5 to 170.2 degrees West, and 18.7 to 19.4 degrees South. It would take me some time and effort to define "legally binding national border". I would define a "not-legally-binding-national-border" as a line on a map with no particular significance. Does that help? Gwillim Law

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RE: International date line
by Law, Gwil Jr. Jan. 3, 2000

Jan. 3, 2000

> Does anybody know the exact geographical coordinates of the international > date line? The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international convention, but are not legally binding national borders. An Anglo-French Conference on Time-Keeping at Sea (June, 1917) agreed that legal time on the high seas would be zone time, i.e., the standard time at the nearest meridian that is a multiple of fifteen degrees. The date is governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the correct date is ambiguous. This information is the best I could find when I was studying the question a few years ago. If any of the readers of this list have anything more authoritative, I would welcome corrections. Gwillim Law

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International date line
by Oscar van Vlijmen Jan. 3, 2000

Jan. 3, 2000

Wishing every reader the very best for this millennium, I would like to ask: Does anybody know the exact geographical coordinates of the international date line? I have compiled from some of the better maps a very speculative list of coordinates and I hope that somebody is able to correct this list. 90N 180W (North pole) 75N 180W 68N 168W 66N 168W 53N 170E 47N 180W and now the Kiribati swing 2.5N 180W 0N 177W 0N 166.5W 3.3S 166.5W 3.3S 160W 2N 160W and now diagonally to, or first via 2N 162W? 5N 162W 5N 154.5W 2.3N 152.25W 7S 149W 12S 149W 12S 157W 7S 157W 7S 178.5W and following again the original line: 15.5S 172.25W 45S 172.25W 51S 180W 90S 180W (South pole) Regards, Oscar van Vlijmen 2000-01-01

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Re: Could anyone help, corrected URL
by Oscar van Vlijmen Dec. 29, 1999

Dec. 29, 1999

To: "Dave's DHL Mail" <dkelly(a)lhr-sys.dhl.com> And copy to: tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov Dave wrote: >I'd like to produce a list of all the distict beginnings of the new >millenium - listing the zone and UTC time when they will first see the new >millenium, e.g.: > >Pacific/Chatham Island Dec 31 10:15 UTC >.... >Europe/Paris Dec 31 23:00 UTC >Europe/London Jan 1 00:00 UTC >... >etc.. > >Dave Kelly Hi! I have recently made a Macintosh HyperCard application, based upon the TZ database information. Can be found on my site. Furthermore, I have made a small list with the first zones and the last zones that will greet the new millennium. This list can be found at: http://www.tip.nl/users/o.van.vlijmen/firstlatestzones.html Without any notice my service provider changed something in the naming of URL's, resulting in an error if you try to follow the given URL. My page still exists, use the 'direct' address: http://www1.tip.nl/~t876506/firstlatestzones.html Regards, Oscar van Vlijmen 29-12-1999

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Could anyone help
by Dave's DHL Mail Dec. 29, 1999

Dec. 29, 1999

Hello Everyone, First, thanks to all on the list for the useful (and often amusing) information that's been passed round for the last couple of years. Next, I wonder if anyone can help with a little light hearted excercise - I'm afraid my coding isn't up to it and I don't have access to a compiler at home anyway... I'd like to produce a list of all the distict beginnings of the new millenium - listing the zone and UTC time when they will first see the new millenium, e.g.: Pacific/Chatham Island Dec 31 10:15 UTC .... Europe/Paris Dec 31 23:00 UTC Europe/London Jan 1 00:00 UTC ... etc.. I'd be really grateful if anyone can help with this, or alternatively point me to a list that already exists on the web somewhere. Thanks again, and best wishes for *your* new Millennium Dave Kelly

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Re: Could anyone help
by Bradley White Dec. 29, 1999

Dec. 29, 1999

> I'd like to produce a list of all the distict beginnings of the new > millenium - listing the zone and UTC time when they will first see the new > millenium, e.g.: > > Pacific/Chatham Island Dec 31 10:15 UTC > .... > Europe/Paris Dec 31 23:00 UTC > Europe/London Jan 1 00:00 UTC > ... > etc.. > > I'd be really grateful if anyone can help with this, or alternatively point > me to a list that already exists on the web somewhere. #!/usr/bin/env perl use integer; use strict; use POSIX qw(mktime strftime tzset); # set $tzdir and $bogon as you see fit my $tzdir = '/usr/share/zoneinfo'; my $bogon = '^(right|posix|Etc|SystemV)/|\.tab$' .'|^(Factory|UTC|localtime)$|^GMT.' .'|^(..T|.ST\d.DT)$'; my %mill = (); chdir $tzdir or die "$tzdir: $!\n"; foreach my $zone (`find * -type f -print`) { chomp $zone; next if $zone =~ m:$bogon:o; $ENV{'TZ'} = $zone; tzset; my $when = mktime(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2000-1900); $mill{$when} = [] unless exists $mill{$when}; push @{$mill{$when}}, $zone; } foreach my $when (sort { $a <=> $b } keys %mill) { my %zones = (); foreach my $zone (@{$mill{$when}}) { my ($dev, $ino) = stat $zone; next unless defined $ino; $zones{"$dev.$ino"} = [] unless exists $zones{"$dev.$ino"}; push @{$zones{"$dev.$ino"}}, $zone; } print strftime "%b %d %H:%M UTC\n", gmtime $when; foreach my $devino (keys %zones) { print ' 'x4, join('|', sort @{$zones{$devino}}), "\n"; } } exit 0;

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Re: Could anyone help
by Bradley White Dec. 29, 1999

Dec. 29, 1999

Oops ... I forgot to account for daylight savings in the call to mktime. Sorry about that. #!/usr/bin/env perl use integer; use strict; use POSIX qw(mktime strftime tzset); # set $tzdir and $bogon as you see fit my $tzdir = '/usr/share/zoneinfo'; my $bogon = '^(right|posix|Etc|SystemV)/|\.tab$' .'|^(Factory|UTC|localtime|posixrules)$' .'|^GMT.|^(..T|.ST\d.DT)$'; my %mill = (); chdir $tzdir or die "$tzdir: $!\n"; foreach my $zone (`find * -type f -print`) { chomp $zone; next if $zone =~ m:$bogon:o; $ENV{'TZ'} = $zone; tzset; my $when = mktime(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 2000-1900, 0, 0, -1); $mill{$when} = [] unless exists $mill{$when}; push @{$mill{$when}}, $zone; } foreach my $when (sort { $a <=> $b } keys %mill) { my %zones = (); foreach my $zone (@{$mill{$when}}) { my ($dev, $ino) = stat $zone; next unless defined $ino; $zones{"$dev.$ino"} = [] unless exists $zones{"$dev.$ino"}; push @{$zones{"$dev.$ino"}}, $zone; } print strftime "%b %d %H:%M UTC\n", gmtime $when; foreach my $devino (keys %zones) { print ' 'x4, join('|', sort @{$zones{$devino}}), "\n"; } } exit 0;

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other Nunavut hamlets rebel and stay on Eastern time
by Paul Eggert Dec. 28, 1999

Dec. 28, 1999

We already knew about Pangnirtung, but Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19), reports: The Baffin communities of Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones, central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time for municipal offices and schools.... Igloolik [was similar but then] made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6 ... after Nunavut Premier Paul Okalik reassured them the unified time zone would be reviewed in one year. Reference: http://www.nunatsiaq.com/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html

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data on DST changes all over the world
by Geelen, Paul Dec. 22, 1999

Dec. 22, 1999

Hi Elsie, How surprised I was to find this site.(http://sandbox.xerox.com/stewart/tzconvert.cgi). Since I am corresponding a lot with colleagues in different places all over the world, I would like to gain information on daylight saving changes that will occur in the next year. Could you please give me any data on these DST changes, for example in a spreadsheet or ascii file with the information as given below? country Netherlands timezone GMT + 1 from 1999, march 28, 02:00 AM until 1999, october 3, 02:00 AM shift + 1 hour country Brasil (east) timezone GMT - 3 from 1999, october 3, 02:00 AM until 2000, february 20, 02:00 AM shift + 1 hour I would be very pleased to hear from you. Thanks in advance. > Paul > __________________________________ > > room: VN 5.28 040 - 27 87 903 > E-mail: Paul.Geelen(a)nl.origin-it.com > __________________________________ > > >

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RE: Multiple time zones in Mongolia
by Law, Gwil Jr. Dec. 13, 1999

Dec. 13, 1999

> I think you should not use Dariv as the central place in the UTC+7 > time zone. Take the more obvious Hovd. There are two Hovd in > Mongolia, so you should add the alternative name Jargalant. > > Jargalant is problematic. Rand McNally spells it Jirgalanta. Shanks > spells it Dzargalant (with a hacek over the z), or as Chovd. The CIA > spells it something like Duno-Us [...] I have Dund-Us as the capital of Hovd province, with Hovd and Jirgalanta as older names which may still be in use for this city. Still older names include Khobdo and Kobdo. > We generally prefer the most populous location to represent a region, > so we should use the most populous location in Hovd, Uvs, and > Bayan-Olgiy. I suspect that the candidates are Jargalant (the capital > of Hovd), Ulaangom (the capital of Uvs), and Olgiy (the capital of > Bayan-Olgiy). Do you happen to know which is the most populous? Looking in a 1980 Hammond atlas that I have at hand, I find the following populations for cities in the three provinces in question. They're out-of-date, but they may indicate relative sizes. Bulgan, Hovd 3,100 Dund-Us, Hovd 12,400 * Hyargas, Uvs 1,600 Olgiy, Bayan-Olgiy 11,700 * Tsagaannuur, Bayan-Olgiy 2,000 Tsetseg, Hovd 700 Ulaangom, Uvs 14,000 * It looks as if the three provincial capitals (*) are the only good candidates. Since ambiguity is a criterion for rejecting a location name, I checked the NIMA place names website. It has 6,161 records of populated place names in Mongolia, including variants. The NIMA database agrees with me about the preferred names of the three provincial capitals, as listed above. In the NIMA database, the names Dund-Us and Ulaangom are both unique. Among the other proposed names, Jargalant is the least desirable: there are 13 cities whose preferred names are Jargalant. There are three places whose preferred names are Hovd. There are two places named Olgiy, but one of them is a variant name for Har-Us. Darvi, not Dariv, is shown as a variant for Bulgan. There is a city named Dariv, but it's not in the new time zone. Doing some more research, I found the home page of the Mongolian National Statistical Office, at <http://statis.pmis.gov.mn/home_engl.htm>. There, I found the populations of the three capitals according to the 1989 census and an estimate for year-end 1998. 1989 1998 Dund-Us 24,100 27,400 Olgiy 27,200 21,000 Ulaangom 22,900 26,500 Following the published criteria, Dund-Us is the top choice, with Ulaangom a close second. Dund-Us is more centrally located in the zone, which might give it more of an edge. Yours, Gwillim Law

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FW: Time zone(s) in Mongolia
by Jesper Nørgaard Dec. 12, 1999

Dec. 12, 1999

fyi, this was sent to me by an "editor of someting" in Mongolia (sorry for not being more precise). Seems to me like pretty convincing refutation of several time zones in Mongolia. It should be added though that Mr. Lutaa is situated in Ulaanbaatar, not near Dund-Us. A confirmation from that region would seem appropriate. ---------- From: lut[SMTP:lut@magicnet.mn] Reply To: lut Sent: Domingo 12 de Diciembre de 1999 0.41 To: Jesper Nørgaard Subject: Re: Time zone(s) in Mongolia Dear Mr. Jesper Nørgaard, Thank you for your interest in Mongolia and our magazine. As for the time zoning, indeed Mongolia has time difference. When sun rises in Eastern provinces its still one hour late in Ulaanbaatar and everybody sleeps. While Kazakhs prepare for bed in Westernmost province of Byan Ulgii, the national television program still goes on. My colleagues in radio stations across the country have this problem. However, seemingly this does not pose a big problem as in China. And we adhere to only one time zone GMT +8.0. Yours, B.Lutaa ----- Original Message ----- From: Jesper Nørgaard <jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx> To: <lut(a)magicnet.mn> Sent: Sunday, December 12, 1999 1:17 PM Subject: Time zone(s) in Mongolia Hi. I just wondered if you know if Mongolia has several timezones, or just one (like China). In Ulaanbaatar you surely have GMT+8.0 e.g. the same as China, but I don't know if there are other time zones. What about Dund-Us, they have the same time as you? Regards, Jesper Nørgaard Email: jnorgard(a)df1.telmex.net.mx Programador/Analista CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Dirección: CIMMYT, Lisboa 27, 06600 Mexico, D.F. Tel.: +52 (5) 7267541 ext. 1374 Fax: +52 (5) 7267558 Tel. Casa: 53-10-05-95 ó 53-10-97-78 CIMMYT home page: http://www.cimmyt.mx

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Multiple time zones in Mongolia
by Paul Eggert Dec. 11, 1999

Dec. 11, 1999

Date: Sat, 11 Dec 1999 06:43:46 +0100 From: Oscar van Vlijmen <o.van.vlijmen(a)tip.nl> I think it is safe to assume that Mongolia has two time zones. Thanks for your information and references; I'll incorporate them into my next set of proposed changes. I'll CC: this message to the tz mailing list in case someone else can contribute info about Mongolia. Shanks writes that the Mongolian UTC+9 time zone didn't exist until 1983; perhaps it vanished some time between then and now. No one mentions DST. The IATA formerly agreed with Shanks that Mongolia observed DST, but the most recent issue of the SSIM (dated 1999-09) no longer says this. For lack of better information, I'll assume that Mongolia stopped observing DST starting this year. I think you should not use Dariv as the central place in the UTC+7 time zone. Take the more obvious Hovd. There are two Hovd in Mongolia, so you should add the alternative name Jargalant. Jargalant is problematic. Rand McNally spells it Jirgalanta. Shanks spells it Dzargalant (with a hacek over the z), or as Chovd. The CIA spells it something like Duno-Us; I can't quite read the scanned image in <http://www.lib.utexas.edu/Libs/PCL/Map_collection/middle_east_and_asia/Mong…>. We generally prefer the most populous location to represent a region, so we should use the most populous location in Hovd, Uvs, and Bayan-Olgiy. I suspect that the candidates are Jargalant (the capital of Hovd), Ulaangom (the capital of Uvs), and Olgiy (the capital of Bayan-Olgiy). Do you happen to know which is the most populous? Olgiy doesn't make it into Goode's, so I assume that it's smaller. If Ulaangom is larger than Jargalant, or if we can't figure out which is the larger, then I'd prefer to use Ulaangom, as its spelling is less problematic.

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UTC Questionnaire response
by Joseph S. Myers Dec. 11, 1999

Dec. 11, 1999

This is a personal response to the UTC Questionnaire, as an individual contributor to the public domain UNIX timezone database at elsie.nci.nih.gov. I had originally not intended to respond to this questionnaire, since my experience is in the study of historical timezone changes and summer-time rules, and my views on the technical issues considered on their own are generally in accordance with those expressed in the response by Markus Kuhn, but on further consideration I decided that historical timezone research shows up potential practical, civil and legal issues that could arise with the decoupling of UTC from UT1, and of which it might be desirable to present a summary. In general, the time used for everyday purposes in most parts of the developed world (where time signals are readily available) is based on UTC, as distributed by time signals, with an offset that is normally an integral number of hours depending on the local timezone and summer-time arrangements. However, the legal definition of the time to be used may vary from country to country; for example, in the United Kingdom the time has been based on Greenwich Mean Time since 1880 (except that the whole of Ireland used Dublin Mean Time until 1916, then a single period of summer time at DMT plus one hour, then time based on Greenwich); while it has been proposed to change to a UTC-based definition, this sort of matter has not been a legislative priority. Although GMT has been replaced as a designation of a timescale by more precise definitions of variants of UT, it seems most likely that GMT would be taken, if UTC were decoupled from UT1, to be UT1 or very close to it, rather than UTC. In France, the time is now based on UTC, but from 1911 until 1978 the definition was based on Paris Mean Time, retarded by 9 minutes 21 seconds. The European Union directives defining the start and end points of summer time in the EU still state the relevant points in terms of Greenwich Mean Time. The time used in Liberia did not change to a Greenwich-based zone until 1972. >From this, it seems likely that many countries have definitions of legal time based on GMT rather than UTC; and, while the difference is insignificant for the purposes of everyday life, changing it has been of no great priority; a second here or there is not generally of great significance in the timing of everyday events. However, if UTC and UT1 are decoupled, it would seem likely that the legal and practical times would for the most part be allowed to drift, at least until this caused notable problems and quite likely for some time thereafter. Examples of the problems arising, taken from the 1847-1880 period when legal time in Great Britain was local time but for most purposes Greenwich time, as used by the railways, was used, may be found in Howse's book (Greenwich Time and the Longitude). In 1858 the case of Curtis v. March (where a court wrongly disposed of a case because the defendant had not appeared on time by the court clock, on Greenwich Time, but appeared on time by local time) lead to the case law that legal time was local time (though almost all clocks showed Greenwich time). Despite the confusion so caused, and the lack of ready availability of local time, the matter was not legislated upon until 1880. It seems plausible that similar disputes, about whether or not something was done within specified times, could arise if UTC and UT1 were substantially decoupled. While it would be clearly desirable for legislation in all countries to establish the legal time as being based on the readily available time scale, UTC, rather than GMT, I do not expect this state to be approached for several decades if it becomes practically important, or much longer if it does not. > A. If the appropriate international bodies decide to eliminate the > insertion of new leap seconds, would you foresee any practical > problems for your institution/instrument/observations? I would expect the problems described above to arise somewhere for some people, to cause confusion in areas where exact timing is legally important, and so to provide a source of undeserved extra income to lawyers. I would not expect to be involved in any such problems myself. It would be appropriate to study what legal definitions of time scales are used around the world, and whether eliminating leap seconds would cause any change in such definitions. > B. Would you be in favor of such a proposal? My preference would be for Markus Kuhn's proposal of leap seconds announced several decades in advance. -- Joseph S. Myers jsm28(a)cam.ac.uk

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FW: partial Macintosh port
by Olson, Arthur David (NCI) Dec. 10, 1999

Dec. 10, 1999

Oscar is not on the time zone mailing list; be sure to direct any replies appropriately. --ado -----Original Message----- From: Oscar van Vlijmen [SMTP:o.van.vlijmen@tip.nl] Sent: Thursday, December 09, 1999 9:53 PM To: tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov Subject: partial Macintosh port Dear reader, Partial Macintosh port ---------------- Your excellent timezones information is sadly not available to Macintosh users, apart from the difficult to read text files. Therefore I have made a HyperCard application, based upon the current, so not the historical, timezone information in the tzdata directory. I intend to keep my HyperCard application up to date. It can be found on my site: http://www.tip.nl/users/o.van.vlijmen/AboutTimeZonesHC.html and it has been submitted to Info-Mac. This application is freeware and can be freely distributed, but not to be used for commercial applications and not on CD-ROM's. >From the Read Me ------------- This HyperCard stack by Oscar van Vlijmen can show the time in ALL known time zones, taking the daylight savings time (summertime) into account. Enter a time, set a few time zones, and this stack will compute the correct time in the set time zones. From base time to zone time and vice versa. If you enter a date as well, the correct daylight savings time corrections (summertime) are taken into account. This version can show up to 12 timezones at once. Additions, corrections ---------------- Compared to your database I have made a separate card (record) for each and every timezone, including the uninhabited islands. I have looked up all geographical coordinates, more or less missing from your database. Furthermore I have found a few small errors. For instance, the Brazilian island (Southamerica file) is called Trindade, not Trinidade. I think it should be Manahiki island (Australasia file), part of Cook Islands, not Manihiki. However, the Millennium Edition of the Times atlas says Manihiki Atoll. And also part of the Cook Islands: Rakahanga Atoll is more often used than your Rakehanga. The Times atlas says Rakahanga. For the moment I follow your ONE Mongolian time zone. I did some investigations, however not in Mongolia itself, which give the impression that Mongolia has two timezones. It looks as if the Mongolians themselves don't know, because some Mongolian Internet sites tell you there is one zone, others say two. Lonely Planet says two. If you like, I could send you more details of my investigations. If someone is interested, I could compile and send you a list of all geographical coordinates in my application, including the ones I have found. Regards, Oscar van Vlijmen 10-Dec-1999

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partial Macintosh port
by Oscar van Vlijmen Dec. 10, 1999

Dec. 10, 1999

Dear reader, Partial Macintosh port ---------------- Your excellent timezones information is sadly not available to Macintosh users, apart from the difficult to read text files. Therefore I have made a HyperCard application, based upon the current, so not the historical, timezone information in the tzdata directory. I intend to keep my HyperCard application up to date. It can be found on my site: http://www.tip.nl/users/o.van.vlijmen/AboutTimeZonesHC.html and it has been submitted to Info-Mac. This application is freeware and can be freely distributed, but not to be used for commercial applications and not on CD-ROM's. >From the Read Me ------------- This HyperCard stack by Oscar van Vlijmen can show the time in ALL known time zones, taking the daylight savings time (summertime) into account. Enter a time, set a few time zones, and this stack will compute the correct time in the set time zones. From base time to zone time and vice versa. If you enter a date as well, the correct daylight savings time corrections (summertime) are taken into account. This version can show up to 12 timezones at once. Additions, corrections ---------------- Compared to your database I have made a separate card (record) for each and every timezone, including the uninhabited islands. I have looked up all geographical coordinates, more or less missing from your database. Furthermore I have found a few small errors. For instance, the Brazilian island (Southamerica file) is called Trindade, not Trinidade. I think it should be Manahiki island (Australasia file), part of Cook Islands, not Manihiki. However, the Millennium Edition of the Times atlas says Manihiki Atoll. And also part of the Cook Islands: Rakahanga Atoll is more often used than your Rakehanga. The Times atlas says Rakahanga. For the moment I follow your ONE Mongolian time zone. I did some investigations, however not in Mongolia itself, which give the impression that Mongolia has two timezones. It looks as if the Mongolians themselves don't know, because some Mongolian Internet sites tell you there is one zone, others say two. Lonely Planet says two. If you like, I could send you more details of my investigations. If someone is interested, I could compile and send you a list of all geographical coordinates in my application, including the ones I have found. Regards, Oscar van Vlijmen 10-Dec-1999

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