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Is Your Web Site A Secret?
by owl＠owlsnest.com March 31, 1997

March 31, 1997

Is your web site the best kept secret on the Internet? We'll promote it to 50 search engines and indexes for $85 and complete the job in 2 business days. Satisfaction is guaranteed! If you have a great product, but are not getting many inquiries from your Web site, you may not be adequately listed on the Web's search engines and indexes. Millions of viewers daily use these facilities to find the products and services they are looking for. But if your site is not listed, no one will see it. Listings on most of these services are free. However, locating and filling out the forms required to get a listing can take several days, and most people just don't have the time to do it. That is why we offer a web site promotion service. WHAT'S THE DEAL? We will submit your site to 50 indexes and search engines for $85. We will accept the return of this E-mail, with the form below filled out, as an order. We will bill you upon completion of the promotion. Our terms are net 15 days from date of invoice. Satisfaction guaranteed! HOW LONG WILL IT TAKE? Generally, we complete the submissions within 48 hours of receiving your order. It can take any individual search engine or index up to three weeks to process your submission, although most are much faster. WHAT SEARCH ENGINES AND INDEXES ARE INCLUDED IN THE PROMOTION? The list changes from time to time. This is our current list: Abaweb!, Alta Vista, Been There, BizWeb, Central Source Yellow Pages, Enterpreneurs on the Web, Excite, Four11, Galaxy, I-Network I-Systems Spiral Business Directory, I-World Web Pointer, Infoseek, Inktomi, Innovator's Network Yellow Pages, Internet Mall, Jayde Online Directory, Jumpcity, Jumper Hot Links, Linkmaster, Lycos, Magellan, Mega Mall, Net-Happenings, Net Navigator, Net Mall, NTG's List, NYNEX Big Yellow, One World Plaza, OnLine's WWWeb Index, Rex, Starting Point, Truenorth, URL Tree, Virtual Lynx, Web Point, WebCentral, Web Venture Hotlist, Webcrawler, Websurf, Win Mag/NetGuide Hotspots, WhatUSeek, Worldwide Announce Archive, WWW Business Yellow Pages, World Wide Yellow Pages, WWW Worm, YelloWWWeb. HOW WILL I KNOW THAT YOU HAVE PROMOTED MY SITE? When we have completed the promotion, we will send you an HTML file as an attachment to your E-mail bill. Save this file to your disk, and view it through your Web browser. It provides links to the search engine we submitted your site to, plus any comments we received from them when we did it. ARE THERE ANY GUARANTEES? We do not require prepayment. Your satisfaction is guaranteed or you don't pay the bill. WHO IS OWL'S EYE PRODUCTIONS? We are a web site promotion company located at: Owl's Eye Productions, Inc. 260 E. Main Street Brewster, NY 10509 Phone: (914) 278-4933 Fax: (914) 278-4507 Email: owl(a)owlsnest.com HOW DO I ORDER? The easiest way to order is by e-mail. Just hit the REPLY button on your e-mail program and fill out the following information. (This information will be posted to the search engines/indexes): Your name: Company Name: Address: City: State/Prov: Zip/Postal Code: Telephone: Fax: Email address: URL: http:// Site Title: Description (about 25 words): Key words (maximum of 25, in descending order of importance): Proofs (Where shall we e-mail proofs): If billing a different address, please complete the following: Addressee: Company Name: Address: City: State/Prov: Zip/Postal Code: Telephone: Fax: Email address: We will bill via Email. (7310) Terms: By returning this document via Email, you agree as follows: You have the authority to purchase this service on behalf of your company. Terms are net 15 days. Accounts sent to collections will be liable for collection costs. You agree to protect and indemnify Owl's Eye Productions, Inc. in any claim for libel, copyright violations, plagiarism, or privacy and other suits or claims based on the content or subject matter of your site. WHAT HAPPENS NEXT? When we receive your order, we will input the information into our system, and send you a proof. After we process any corrections, we will run your promotion, capturing any comments from search engines as we go. We will incorporate these into an HTML-formatted report to you, which we will attach to your bill. ===Web Promotions=====Press Releases=====Link Exchanges========= Owl's Eye Productions, Inc. 260 E. Main Street Brewster, NY 10509 Ph: 914-278-4933 Fx: 914-278-4507 E-mail: owlseye(a)owlsnest.com

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Time zone files in tzdata96i.tar.gz
by Brian Candler March 30, 1997

March 30, 1997

Package: tzdata95i.tar.gz [from RedHat zoneinfo-96i-4.i386.rpm] Symptom: The timezone /usr/lib/zoneinfo/Etc/GMT-6 does not work correctly; if you use it, then set your clock using ntpdate, the system clock is 12 hours out. However if you use a different zoneinfo (e.g. America/Belize) it works fine. I believe the problem is in file "etcetera" in the tzdata package: ... Zone Etc/GMT-6 6 - GMT-6 Zone Etc/GMT-5 5 - GMT-5 Zone Etc/GMT-4 4 - GMT-4 ... Zone Etc/GMT+4 -4 - GMT+4 Zone Etc/GMT+5 -5 - GMT+5 Zone Etc/GMT+6 -6 - GMT+6 ... It appears that the zone offsets in column 3 have the wrong sign - can you check if this is the case? Regards, Brian Candler.

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tzcode1997d.tar.gz and tzdata1997e.tar.gz
by ado March 29, 1997

March 29, 1997

The files ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzcode1997d.tar.gz and ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata1997e.tar.gz are now available; these incorporate Paul Eggert's latest suggestions. Remember that many United States locales change clocks within the next 24 hours; if you're affected, be sure to keep your time zone expertise credentials in order. --ado

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proposed changes to tz data from 1997-02 IATA tables, etc.
by Paul Eggert March 29, 1997

March 29, 1997

Here are proposed changes for for the following countries, taken from the changes in the 1997-02 IATA tables reported by Gwillim Law. Brazil Cuba Libya Mongolia New Caledonia Paraguay Sri Lanka [with transition time found via Deja News] This change also incorporates the simpler (and hopefully more accurate) prediction for Israel that I mentioned earlier on this list. Also, it contains commentary updates for several locations (mostly peri-Antarctic islands) that should be self-explanatory, and it adds some new URL references and removes one or two dangling URLs. =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/WWW,v retrieving revision 1996.5 retrieving revision 1996.5.1.1 diff -c -r1996.5 -r1996.5.1.1 *** WWW 1996/01/06 14:08:24 1996.5 --- WWW 1997/03/29 07:34:37 1996.5.1.1 *************** *** 1,6 **** # '@(#)WWW 7.3' ! # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1995-11-03) # # The Web has several other sources for time zone and daylight savings data. # Here are some recent links that may be of interest. --- 1,6 ---- # '@(#)WWW 7.3' ! # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1997-03-28) # # The Web has several other sources for time zone and daylight savings data. # Here are some recent links that may be of interest. *************** *** 10,15 **** --- 10,20 ---- # A text-based source for tables of current time throughout the world. # Its point-and-click interface accesses a recent version of the tz data. # + # WORLDTIME: interactive atlas, time info, public holidays + # http://www.worldtime.com/ + # Interactive world atlas with information on local time, sunrise and sunset, + # and public holidays in several hundred cities around the world. + # # Local Times Around the World # http://www.hilink.com.au/times/ # This text-based system contains links to local time servers *************** *** 18,38 **** # # World Time Zones # http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/tzones.html ! # US Naval Observatory data, used as the source for `usno1995'. # # Standard Time Zones of the World ! # http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/802389.gif [54 kB] ! # http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/802389h.gif [1317 kB] ! # A static time zone map, available in both low-resolution and ! # high-resolution versions. The quality is good, but the map does not ! # indicate summer time, and parts of the data are a few years out of date. ! # ! # VIBE's World Map ! # http://pathfinder.com/vibe/vibeworld ! # An active time zone map. You can point to the map and find out what ! # time it is at that location. The map and data are not as good as ! # other sources. ! ############################################################################### # From Manavendra Thakur <Manavendra_Thakur(a)NeXT.COM> (1995-11-06) --- 23,64 ---- # # World Time Zones # http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/tzones.html ! # US Naval Observatory data, used as the source for the usno* files. # # Standard Time Zones of the World ! # http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/nsolo/rmap-gif/802483.gif [75 kB] ! # http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/nsolo/rmap-tif/802483.tif [1 MB] ! # http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/nsolo/rmap-pdf/802483.pdf [3 MB] ! # A static time zone map, available in multiple resolutions. ! # The quality is good, but the map does not indicate summer time, ! # and parts of the data are a few years out of date. ! # ! # Detailed World Clock information ! # http://www.stud.unit.no/USERBIN/steffent/timezones.pl ! # A map of cities and a list of UTC offsets and current DST rules in each city. ! # ! # The Time of Internet ! # http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/toi.html ! # Good descriptions of Time Zones and daylight savings time, with diagrams. ! # The time zone map is out of date, however. ! # ! # A Few Facts Concerning RGO, GMT, and UT, by Richard B. Langley ! # http://community.bellcore.com/mbr/gmt-explained.html ! # This answers questions like ``What is the difference between GMT and UTC?'' ! # ! # Daylight Saving Time -- Saving Time, Saving Energy ! # http://www.energy.ca.gov/energy/daylightsaving.html ! # A history of DST in the US. ! # ! # Yahoo! - Science:Weights and Measures:Measurements:Time:Daylight Savings Time ! # http://www.yahoo.com/Science/Weights_and_Measures/Measurements/Time/Dayligh… ! # The famous Internet indexing service Yahoo! collects its time zone info here. ! # ! # International Air Transport Association ! # http://www.iata.org/ ! # The source for the IATA SSIM, which gives current time zone rules for ! # all the airports served by commercial aviation. ! # ############################################################################### # From Manavendra Thakur <Manavendra_Thakur(a)NeXT.COM> (1995-11-06) =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/africa,v retrieving revision 1996.13 retrieving revision 1996.13.1.1 diff -c -r1996.13 -r1996.13.1.1 *** africa 1996/11/24 01:07:36 1996.13 --- africa 1997/03/29 07:34:37 1996.13.1.1 *************** *** 403,410 **** Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1987 1990 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 1990 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Libya 1996 max - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 S ! Rule Libya 1996 max - Sep 30 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 --- 403,412 ---- Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Libya 1987 1990 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Libya 1990 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Libya 1996 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 S ! Rule Libya 1996 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 - ! Rule Libya 1997 max - Mar lastThu 2:00s 1:00 S ! Rule Libya 1997 max - Oct Thu>=1 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 *************** *** 525,533 **** -0:06 - SHT 1951 # St Helena Time (?) 0:00 - GMT # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: ! # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, says Whitman ! # Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 ! # Gough, Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT # Sao Tome and Principe # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] --- 527,536 ---- -0:06 - SHT 1951 # St Helena Time (?) 0:00 - GMT # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: ! # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA ! # Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA ! # Gough (scientific station since 1955): on GMT, says the CIA ! # Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT # Sao Tome and Principe # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] *************** *** 577,583 **** Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1:30 - SAT 1903 Mar 2:00 SA SA%sT ! # Prince Edward Is # no information # Sudan --- 580,587 ---- Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1:30 - SAT 1903 Mar 2:00 SA SA%sT ! # Marion and Prince Edward Is ! # weather station since 1947 # no information # Sudan =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/antarctica,v retrieving revision 1997.3 retrieving revision 1997.3.1.1 diff -c -r1997.3 -r1997.3.1.1 *** antarctica 1997/03/03 17:21:51 1997.3 --- antarctica 1997/03/29 07:34:37 1997.3.1.1 *************** *** 1,8 **** # @(#)antarctica 7.7 ! # From Paul Eggert (1997-01-20): # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; ! # see <URL:http://earth.agu.org/amen/nations.html> (1996-05-24). # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. # # Except for the French entries, --- 1,9 ---- # @(#)antarctica 7.7 ! # From Paul Eggert (1997-03-28): # To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; ! # see <URL:http://earth.agu.org/amen/nations.html> (1996-05-24) ! # and <URL:http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm> (1996-09-05). # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. # # Except for the French entries, *************** *** 29,35 **** # 5 others # Australia - territories ! # Heard Island, McDonald Islands # # year-round bases # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, since 1969 --- 30,36 ---- # 5 others # Australia - territories ! # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) # # year-round bases # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, since 1969 *************** *** 70,78 **** # # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 ! # Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951 # ! # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited since 1927 # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - ___ 1950 # Port-aux-Francais --- 71,80 ---- # # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 ! # Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; ! # a whaling and sealing station operated 1908-14, 1920-29, and 1951-56 # ! # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited since 1931 # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - ___ 1950 # Port-aux-Francais *************** *** 107,114 **** # King Sejong, King George Island, since 1988 # New Zealand - claims ! # Balleny Islands ! # Scott Island # # year-round base # Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo. --- 109,116 ---- # King Sejong, King George Island, since 1988 # New Zealand - claims ! # Balleny Islands (never inhabited) ! # Scott Island (never inhabited) # # year-round base # Scott, Ross Island, since 1957-01, is like Antarctica/McMurdo. *************** *** 124,133 **** Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S # Norway - territories ! # Bouvet (uninhabited) # # claims ! # Peter I Island (uninhabited) # Poland - year-round base # Arctowski, King George Island, since 1977 --- 126,135 ---- Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S # Norway - territories ! # Bouvet (never inhabited) # # claims ! # Peter I Island (never inhabited) # Poland - year-round base # Arctowski, King George Island, since 1977 *************** *** 147,153 **** --- 149,159 ---- # # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims # South Orkney Islands + # scientific station from 1903 + # whaling station at Signy I 1920-1926 # South Shetland Islands + # whaling station at Deception I 1912-1931 + # scientific station from 1943 # # year-round bases # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-2619, since 1956-01-06 =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/asia,v retrieving revision 1997.3 retrieving revision 1997.3.1.2 diff -c -r1997.3 -r1997.3.1.2 *** asia 1997/03/04 14:58:18 1997.3 --- asia 1997/03/29 07:34:37 1997.3.1.2 *************** *** 508,515 **** # From Ephraim Silverberg (ephraim(a)cs.huji.ac.il) 1997-03-04: - # Zone Information Compiler (ZIC) File for the State of Israel (1989-2009) - # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. # Each year they decide anew what havoc to wreak on the country. However, --- 508,513 ---- *************** *** 525,551 **** # change back to standard time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday # night to avoid conflicts with the Jewish New Year. ! # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S ! Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0:00 S # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S ! Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0:00 S # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 --- 523,549 ---- # change back to standard time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday # night to avoid conflicts with the Jewish New Year. ! # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S ! Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S ! Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S ! Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S ! Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S ! Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S ! Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S ! Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 *************** *** 560,599 **** # # ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1997.ps.gz # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S ! Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1998 only - Oct 18 0:00 0:00 S ! ! # These rules are probably wrong, but they are close approximations (usually ! # within a few weeks): ! ! # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S ! Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 11 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 5 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2000 only - Sep 24 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 9 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2002 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2002 only - Sep 1 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2003 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2003 only - Sep 21 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 12 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2005 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2005 only - Sep 25 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2006 only - Apr 23 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2006 only - Sep 17 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2007 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 9 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2008 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2009 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 13 0:00 0:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880 --- 558,577 ---- # # ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1997.ps.gz + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S + Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D + Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S + Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D + Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S + Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D + Rule Zion 1998 only - Oct 18 0:00 0 S + + # From Paul Eggert (1997-03-15): + # Here are guesses for rules after 1998. + # They are probably wrong, but they are more likely than no DST at all. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S ! Rule Zion 1999 max - Mar Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1999 max - Sep Sun>=15 0:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880 *************** *** 810,816 **** Rule Mongol 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - Rule Mongol 1991 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S Rule Mongol 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - ! Rule Mongol 1996 max - Oct Fri>=22 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] #Zone Asia/Dariv 6:14:32 - LMT 1905 Aug # 6:00 - DART 1978 # Dariv Time --- 788,795 ---- Rule Mongol 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - Rule Mongol 1991 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S Rule Mongol 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - ! Rule Mongol 1996 only - Oct Fri>=22 0:00 0 - ! Rule Mongol 1997 max - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] #Zone Asia/Dariv 6:14:32 - LMT 1905 Aug # 6:00 - DART 1978 # Dariv Time *************** *** 909,914 **** --- 888,898 ---- # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.'' # Transitions before 1996 are from Shanks (1991). + # + # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted + # in <URL:news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26): + # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 + # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 *************** *** 917,923 **** 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00 ! 6:30 - LKT # Sri Lanka Time # Syria # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S --- 901,908 ---- 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00 ! 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30 ! 6:00 - LKT # Syria # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/australasia,v retrieving revision 1997.1 retrieving revision 1997.1.2.1 diff -c -r1997.1 -r1997.1.2.1 *** australasia 1997/01/21 14:11:10 1997.1 --- australasia 1997/03/29 07:40:34 1997.1.2.1 *************** *** 170,176 **** # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists # no information # ! # Macquarie, Manihiki, Penrhyn, Rakehanga # no information --- 170,181 ---- # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists # no information # ! # Macquarie ! # permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; ! # sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888-1917 ! # no information ! # ! # Manihiki, Penrhyn, Rakehanga # no information *************** *** 277,282 **** --- 282,290 ---- # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - + Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S + Rule NC 1997 max - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - + Rule NC 1997 max - Nov lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 11:00 NC NC%sT *************** *** 315,322 **** Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT ! # Antipodes Is, Kermadec Is ! # uninhabited except by research personnel; probably like Pacific/Auckland ############################################################################### --- 323,335 ---- Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT ! # Auckland Is ! # uninhabited ! ! # Campbell I ! # minor whaling stations operated 1909-14 ! # scientific station operated 1941-1995 ! # was probably like Pacific/Auckland ############################################################################### =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/europe,v retrieving revision 1996.14 retrieving revision 1996.14.1.1 diff -c -r1996.14 -r1996.14.1.1 *** europe 1996/12/28 02:42:05 1996.14 --- europe 1997/03/29 07:34:37 1996.14.1.1 *************** *** 630,639 **** # came into force on 16 November. It restates the dates from the EC # seventh Summer Time Directive.... # ! # From Peter Ilieve <peter(a)aldie.co.uk> (1996-04-20): ! # Proposals for the eighth directive were supposed to have been produced ! # by the Commission by 1 Jan 96. They have not yet appeared (I asked just ! # before Easter). # From Peter Ilieve <peter(a)memex.co.uk> (1994-03-28): # The [GB-Eire] end date of 22 October [1995] conflicts with your current rule --- 630,647 ---- # came into force on 16 November. It restates the dates from the EC # seventh Summer Time Directive.... # ! # From Peter Ilieve <peter(a)aldie.co.uk> (1997-03-28): ! # The [European] Transport Council discussed the proposed Eighth Directive ! # on 11 March and agreed [to] it, so it moves forward to the next stage, ! # from a Commission proposal to a Common Position.... What this means is: ! # ! # - The eighth directive proposal rules have been accepted. ! # These are the same as the current rules (last Sunday in March and last ! # Sunday in October). The rules will run until 2001. ! # ! # - The French have had their request to abandon summer time turned down. ! # They have been promised some sort of review in 1999 which might change ! # the rules for 2000 and 2001. # From Peter Ilieve <peter(a)memex.co.uk> (1994-03-28): # The [GB-Eire] end date of 22 October [1995] conflicts with your current rule =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/northamerica,v retrieving revision 1996.14 retrieving revision 1996.14.1.1 diff -c -r1996.14 -r1996.14.1.1 *** northamerica 1996/12/28 02:42:05 1996.14 --- northamerica 1997/03/29 07:34:37 1996.14.1.1 *************** *** 1141,1154 **** Rule Cuba 1972 1974 - Oct 8 0:00 0 S Rule Cuba 1975 1977 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S Rule Cuba 1978 only - May 7 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Cuba 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S Rule Cuba 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D Rule Cuba 1981 1985 - May Sun>=5 0:00 1:00 D - Rule Cuba 1981 1990 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S Rule Cuba 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=14 0:00 1:00 D Rule Cuba 1990 max - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Cuba 1991 1995 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00s 0 S ! Rule Cuba 1996 max - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890 --- 1141,1154 ---- Rule Cuba 1972 1974 - Oct 8 0:00 0 S Rule Cuba 1975 1977 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S Rule Cuba 1978 only - May 7 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Cuba 1978 1990 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S Rule Cuba 1979 1980 - Mar Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 D Rule Cuba 1981 1985 - May Sun>=5 0:00 1:00 D Rule Cuba 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=14 0:00 1:00 D Rule Cuba 1990 max - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D Rule Cuba 1991 1995 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00s 0 S ! Rule Cuba 1996 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 S ! Rule Cuba 1997 max - Oct Sun>=8 0:00s 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890 =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/southamerica,v retrieving revision 1996.14 retrieving revision 1996.14.1.1 diff -c -r1996.14 -r1996.14.1.1 *** southamerica 1996/12/28 02:42:05 1996.14 --- southamerica 1997/03/29 07:34:37 1996.14.1.1 *************** *** 267,276 **** Rule Brazil 1990 1991 - Feb Sun>=11 0:00 0 S Rule Brazil 1990 1992 - Oct Sun>=20 0:00 1:00 D Rule Brazil 1992 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 S ! Rule Brazil 1993 max - Oct Sun>=11 0:00 1:00 D Rule Brazil 1993 only - Jan 31 0:00 0 S Rule Brazil 1994 1995 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 S Rule Brazil 1996 max - Feb Sun>=11 0:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # --- 267,277 ---- Rule Brazil 1990 1991 - Feb Sun>=11 0:00 0 S Rule Brazil 1990 1992 - Oct Sun>=20 0:00 1:00 D Rule Brazil 1992 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 S ! Rule Brazil 1993 1995 - Oct Sun>=11 0:00 1:00 D Rule Brazil 1993 only - Jan 31 0:00 0 S Rule Brazil 1994 1995 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 S Rule Brazil 1996 max - Feb Sun>=11 0:00 0 S + Rule Brazil 1996 max - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # *************** *** 434,442 **** Rule Para 1992 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 - Rule Para 1992 only - Oct 5 0:00 1:00 S Rule Para 1993 only - Mar 31 0:00 0 - ! Rule Para 1993 max - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Para 1994 1995 - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule Para 1996 max - Mar 1 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Asuncion -3:50:40 - LMT 1890 -3:50:40 - AMT 1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time --- 435,445 ---- Rule Para 1992 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 - Rule Para 1992 only - Oct 5 0:00 1:00 S Rule Para 1993 only - Mar 31 0:00 0 - ! Rule Para 1993 1995 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Para 1994 1995 - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 - Rule Para 1996 max - Mar 1 0:00 0 - + Rule Para 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S + Rule Para 1997 max - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Asuncion -3:50:40 - LMT 1890 -3:50:40 - AMT 1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time

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Timezone changes reported in IATA manual
by gwil＠mindspring.com March 29, 1997

March 29, 1997

I've received the February 1997 edition of the Standard Schedules Information Manual, published by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). This manual has an appendix of international time zone information, which is intended for use by member airlines in generating and interpreting their service schedules. I compared it line by line with the previous (September 1996) edition. This is a report on the differences. In the following table, "edit" is the date of the edition. "zon" is a code for the time zone, consisting of the ISO 3166 country code followed by a digit, where necessary, to distinguish between different zones in the same country. "stdoff" and "dstoff" are the offsets from GMT to standard time and daylight saving time in the zone, respectively. The rest of each line consists of two pairs of consecutive dates for the beginning and end of daylight saving time in the zone, expressed in UTC (without the century, to save space). For time zones that don't observe DST, the last five columns are blank. For countries in the Southern Hemisphere, the four dates represent the same years. For countries in the Northern Hemisphere, the last two dates reported in the 9/96 manual correspond to the first two dates in the 2/97 manual. To help compare the two rows, I've flagged the items in the second row that differ from the first row, or from what you would expect to find in the continuation of the first row. I hope that line wrapping won't make this table too hard to read. edit zon stdoff dstoff 1st dst start 1st dst end 2nd dst start 2nd dst end ---- --- ------ ------ --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- 9/96 BR1 -3:00 -2:00 Oct 13 96 03:00 Feb 16 97 02:00 Oct 12 97 03:00 Feb 15 98 02:00 2/97 BR1 -3:00 -2:00 Oct 6 96 03:00 Feb 16 97 02:00 Oct 5 97 03:00 Feb 15 98 02:00 ^^ ^^ 9/96 BR2 -4:00 -3:00 Oct 13 96 04:00 Feb 16 97 03:00 Oct 12 97 04:00 Feb 15 98 03:00 2/97 BR2 -4:00 -3:00 Oct 6 96 04:00 Feb 16 97 03:00 Oct 5 97 04:00 Feb 15 98 03:00 ^^ ^^ 9/96 CL1 -4:00 -3:00 Oct 13 96 04:00 Mar 9 97 03:00 Oct 12 97 04:00 Mar 8 98 03:00 2/97 CL1 -4:00 -3:00 Oct 13 96 04:00 Mar 9 97 03:00 Oct 12 97 04:00 Mar 15 98 03:00 ^^ 9/96 CL2 -6:00 -5:00 Oct 13 96 06:00 Mar 9 97 05:00 Oct 12 97 06:00 Mar 8 98 05:00 2/97 CL2 -6:00 -5:00 Oct 13 96 06:00 Mar 9 97 05:00 Oct 12 97 06:00 Mar 15 98 05:00 ^^ 9/96 CU -5:00 -4:00 Apr 7 96 05:00 Oct 6 96 05:00 Apr 6 97 05:00 Oct 5 97 05:00 2/97 CU -5:00 -4:00 Apr 6 97 05:00 Oct 12 97 05:00 Apr 5 98 05:00 Oct 11 98 05:00 ^^ ^^ 9/96 GE 4:00 5:00 Mar 30 96 20:00 Oct 26 96 19:00 Mar 29 97 20:00 Oct 25 97 19:00 2/97 GE 5:00 9/96 IL 2:00 3:00 Mar 14 96 22:00 Sep 15 96 21:00 Mar 13 97 22:00 Sep 14 97 21:00 2/97 IL 2:00 3:00 Mar 13 97 22:00 Oct 18 97 21:00 Mar 19 98 22:00 Oct 17 98 21:00 ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ 9/96 KI2 -10:00 2/97 KI2 14:00 ^^^^^^ 9/96 KI3 -11:00 2/97 KI3 13:00 ^^^^^^ 9/96 KG 5:00 6:00 Apr 13 96 19:00 Sep 28 96 18:00 Apr 12 97 19:00 Sep 27 97 18:00 2/97 KG 5:00 6:00 Apr 12 97 19:00 Sep 27 97 18:00 Apr 11 98 19:00 Oct 26 98 18:00 ^^^^^^ 9/96 LY 1:00 2:00 Mar 30 96 01:00 Sep 30 96 01:00 Mar 30 97 01:00 Sep 30 97 01:00 2/97 LY 1:00 2:00 Mar 27 97 01:00 Oct 2 97 01:00 Mar 26 98 01:00 Oct 1 98 01:00 ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ 9/96 MN 8:00 9:00 Mar 30 96 16:00 Oct 24 96 15:00 Mar 29 97 16:00 Oct 23 97 15:00 2/97 MN 8:00 9:00 Mar 29 97 16:00 Sep 27 97 15:00 Mar 28 98 16:00 Sep 26 98 15:00 ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ 9/96 NC 11:00 2/97 NC 11:00 12:00 Nov 30 96 15:00 Mar 1 97 15:00 Nov 29 97 15:00 Mar 7 98 15:00 9/96 PY -4:00 -3:00 Oct 1 96 04:00 Mar 1 97 03:00 Oct 1 97 04:00 Mar 1 98 03:00 2/97 PY -4:00 -3:00 Oct 6 96 04:00 Mar 1 97 03:00 Oct 1 97 04:00 Mar 1 98 03:00 ^^ 9/96 LK 6:30 2/97 LK 6:00 9/96 UA1 2:00 3:00 Mar 31 96 01:00 Oct 27 96 01:00 Mar 30 97 01:00 Oct 26 97 01:00 2/97 UA1 2:00 3:00 Mar 30 97 03:00 Oct 26 97 04:00 Mar 29 98 03:00 Oct 25 98 04:00 ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ Descriptions of the changes shown in these manuals are as follows. I've had to make assumptions in order to state the rules. All I can say for sure is that they're consistent with the data. The rules are expressed in local time, with midnight counting as the following day. Brazil has changed the end of DST from the second to the first Sunday in October, starting in 1996. (Actually, the rule implied by previous manuals was Oct Sun>10 or Sun>11, from 1993 to 1997.) Chile has changed the end of DST from the second to the third Sunday in March, starting in 1998. Cuba has changed the end of DST from Oct Sun>4 to Sun>5 (or more), starting in 1997. Georgia has gone on year-round standard time using its former DST offset, probably by failing to change the clocks back in October, 1996. Israel has changed the end of DST from the third Monday in September to the third Sunday in October, starting in 1997. The parts of Kiribati that were east of the International Date Line have set their calendars ahead one day, so that at most times Kiribati will have a uniform date. There's no evidence in the manuals as to when this took effect, but it's also been reported in the news. Kyrgyzstan has changed the end of DST from the last Sunday in September to the last Tuesday in October, starting in 1998. This may be a typo in the manual. If it said Sep 26 instead of Oct 26, that would be consistent with the old rule. Besides, Tuesday is a rather unusual day for DST to end on. Libya has changed the start and end of DST from fixed dates to the last Thursday in March and the first Thursday in October, respectively, starting in 1997. Mongolia has changed the end of DST from the fourth Friday in October to the fourth Sunday in September, starting in 1997. (The October rule only lasted for one year, 1996.) New Caledonia has adopted DST, beginning December 1, 1996 (local time). Paraguay started DST on October 6 instead of October 1 in 1996 only. Sri Lanka has set its clocks back a half hour. There's no evidence in the manuals as to when this took effect. Ukraine, except for Symferopol, has changed the time at which DST begins to 05:00, and the end time to 07:00 (local time). This is rather unusual, and I suspect an error in the manual. There were three other entries in the manual where I am convinced that IATA made an error. I fixed the errors and didn't list them as changes above. Just for the record, here they are. The manual says that: (1) Gibraltar has moved its winter time an hour earlier, but not its summer time, so that in the winter it matches the United Kingdom and in the Summer it matches mainland Spain, with a two-hour change each time. (2) DST ends one day earlier in Kaliningrad Oblast than in the rest of Russia, although it starts on the same day and hour. This is an error that has occurred in previous editions. When the times are expressed in UTC, Kaliningrad is the only one that changes at or after midnight, so the error is easily explained. Someone copied the date for all the Russian entries without noticing that it should have been the following date in Kaliningrad. (3) In Symferopol, the offset from UTC to standard time is three hours. The manual reports that the offset for DST is four hours in 1997, but three hours in 1998. If that were really true, there would be no point in their reporting the DST start and end dates for 1998, because DST would be the same as standard. Note to Paul Eggert: I'll send you new files with these changes incorporated as soon as I have time (probably not in the next week). -- Gwillim Law Gwillim Law gwil(a)mindspring.com

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Progress on summer time directive for the European Union
by peter＠aldie.co.uk March 28, 1997

March 28, 1997

The Transport Council discussed the proposed Eighth Directive on 11 March and agreed it, so it moves forward to the next stage, from a Commission proposal to a Common Position. Many EU documents are now available on the WWW as the EU have opened the previously subscription only RAPID database to everyone. The report of this transport council took a while to arrive but it is there now. RAPID as available at http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/spp/rapid.html The document reference is PRES/97/70, or you can search for `transport council', or you can try the following long URL for the English text version: http://europa.eu.int/rapid/cgi/rapcgi.ksh?p_action.gettxt=gt&doc=PRES/97/70… It is available in PDF as well, and also in French. The section about Summer Time is quoted below: --------- SUMMER-TIME ARRANGEMENTS The Council reached political agreement by a qualified majority, with France voting against, on a common position prior to adoption of the eighth Directive on summer-time arrangements. Once formally adopted, the common position will be forwarded to the European Parliament for a second reading, in accordance with the co-decision procedure. The aim of the eighth Directive is to harmonize the dates and times for the beginning and end of summer time throughout the Community for the period from 1998 to 2001. In addition, the Council and the Commission approved the following joint declaration: "The Council and the Commission consider that the social and economic implications of the decisions concerning summer-time arrangements justify thorough examination, which will be effected before the eighth Directive elapses. For this purpose, the Commission will forward a detailed report to the Council by 30 June 1999 at the latest, and the Council and the Commission agree to carry out, with the aid of a group comprising representatives of interest groups and Member States' national experts, an in-depth examination of the implications of applying summer-time arrangements, including the institutional aspects of coordination of times between the Member States of the European Union." Furthermore, the United Kingdom made the following unilateral statement: "The United Kingdom states that, while it has no difficulties with the substance of the proposed eighth summer-time Directive, on subsidiarity grounds it considers that Member States' summer-time arrangements would be best addressed in a Recommendation." --------- What this means is: - The eighth directive proposal rules have been accepted. These are the same as the current rules (last Sunday in March and last Sunday in October). The rules will run until 2001. - The French have had their request to abandon summer time turned down. They have been promised some sort of review in 1999 which might change the rules for 2000 and 2001. I personally doubt that anything will happen before a ninth directive as there won't be the time to go though all the necessary steps between 30 June 1999 and March 2000. These people have no sense of deadlines and they will probably all be caught up in Millennium projects by then anyway. - The UK were just stirring things up. Subsidiarity is a Maastricht Treaty buzzword meaning that member states should be free to decide things for themselves unless it is really necessary for things to be done at a European level. A Recommendation rather than a Directive would allow states to ignore it and France could abandon summer time if it felt like it. It is interesting to see the UK using this subsidiarity argument as by doing so they are saying that there is no need to harmonise time arrangements in Europe. This means they will not be able to use the harmonisation argument next time the question of changing the UK's timezone comes up. The next stage is to let the European Parliament have their say, although I don't think they have the power to amend it. Then it is finally confirmed by the Council. This probably won't happen until May. The UK government then has to pass a Staturary Instrument to implement the Directive. My guess is that they won't manage this before Parliament rises for the summer recess so it won't happen until about October. Peter Ilieve peter(a)aldie.co.uk

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Comments on update
by Chris Carrier March 28, 1997

March 28, 1997

Gwillim Law > INTERNET:gwil@mindspring.com wrote on the Subj: Timezone changes reported in IATA manual >I've received the February 1997 edition of the Standard Schedules >Information Manual, published by the International Air Transport >Association (IATA). This manual has an appendix of international time zone >information, which is intended for use by member airlines in generating and >interpreting their service schedules. I compared it line by line with the >previous (September 1996) edition. This is a report on the differences. Thank you for your report. >Brazil has changed the end of DST from the second to the first Sunday in >October, starting in 1996. (Actually, the rule implied by previous manuals >was Oct Sun>10 or Sun>11, from 1993 to 1997.) I presume you mean "beginning of DST" rather than end, because all of Brazil that uses DST is substantially south of the equator, IIRC. >Georgia has gone on year-round standard time using its former DST offset, >probably by failing to change the clocks back in October, 1996. This may have been only a one-year thing, as I remember someone quoting Georgia's President, Schevrednaze (I believe that is the spelling) saying that Georgia would be remaining on DST "this winter" (1996-7) "to save energy." Anyone heard anything about permanent change in Georgia? >Kyrgyzstan has changed the end of DST from the last Sunday in September to >the last Tuesday in October, starting in 1998. This may be a typo in the >manual. If it said Sep 26 instead of Oct 26, that would be consistent with >the old rule. Besides, Tuesday is a rather unusual day for DST to end on. I tend to think typo as well, but they may have changed to the last Sunday in October; as you said, Tuesday is an unusual day for a time change. >Sri Lanka has set its clocks back a half hour. There's no evidence in the >manuals as to when this took effect. Which should make its most famous citizen very happy! (Arthur C. Clarke has been advocating this for >30 years.) >There were three other entries in the manual where I am convinced that IATA >made an error. I fixed the errors and didn't list them as changes above. >Just for the record, here they are. The manual says that: >(1) Gibraltar has moved its winter time an hour earlier, but not its summer >time, so that in the winter it matches the United Kingdom and in the Summer >it matches mainland Spain, with a two-hour change each time. I actually believe this may not be an error. I called up AT&T International Operator twice on two successive nights and they said they have no listing for Gibraltar. I asked for the time in Morocco and was given GMT. Now given that Gibraltar is a British possession and is next to both Morocco and Spain, I can see them staying on GMT in winter and Spanish time in summer. To move in one year from standard time to two hours of DST and back to standard, either in one jump (Newfoundland 1988) or in two one hour jumps (UK 1947) can happen from time to time. BTW, I'm less convinced than I used to be of the infallibility of AT&T, although I still consider it to be the best source available for current time data. This is because they moved the EU back to standard time on 1996 Sep 29, and a couple of weeks later, moved them back ahead, only to then move them back on the actual date of October 27. Would like to ask: is Mexico going to go on DST in 1997 and after? Chris Carrier

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Re: Commentary on time zone policy
by ncm＠cantrip.org March 25, 1997

March 25, 1997

Chris Carrier writes: > Nathan Myers > INTERNET:ncm@cantrip.org wrote: > >... And all such divisions are completely irrelevant, because nobody who > >decides about time zone law reads this list. ... > > I don't see anything wrong with including commentary on various actual and > proposed changes. I apologize for sounding testy. It's frustrating enough keeping up with all the foolishness of law without entertaining suggestions for policy improvements we have no hint of authority to act on. This list is the place changes to the tz database are discussed, and we those of us who follow it must subscribe to keep informed. I meant the suggestion to post in a more appropriate place seriously: your wise analysis is wasted where no reader can act on it. I also meant seriously the suggestion to start a more appropriate list. People who understand politics should be involved, and they are not here. Nathan Myers ncm(a)cantrip.org

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Commentary on time zone policy
by Chris Carrier March 25, 1997

March 25, 1997

I wrote: >>The current list is divided many ways as to what relationship local mean >>time (LMT) should have to local clock time (LCT). ... Nathan Myers > INTERNET:ncm@cantrip.org wrote: >... And all such divisions are completely irrelevant, because nobody who >decides about time zone law reads this list. You do not know that to be a fact, and if some of the more active people on this list have their way, persons in positions to make such decisions will be using this as a resource base. >Please take your opinions about national time zone policies someplace where >they will make a difference. I don't see anything wrong with including commentary on various actual and proposed changes. It is within the scope of this list, or at least not totally irrelevant to time zoning. That I voted for candidate X because I liked his stand on non-time-zone issue Y is irrelevant to this list; opinions on time zoning issues are not, have come from more people than just myself, (you may note that I was replying to another proposal in my post) and are, AFAIK, welcome from the people who run this list. Chris Carrier

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Re: DST switching dates
by ncm＠cantrip.org March 22, 1997

March 22, 1997

> Nathan Myers > INTERNET:ncm@cantrip.org wrote: > > >Clearly the only sensible approach to time would be [something] > > ... However, it's a > >waste of everybody's time and attention to discuss this here. We techies > >are constrained to chase after whatever foolish decisions are made in the > >parliaments and politburos of world. This list is about details of that > >chase. From: Chris Carrier <72157.3334(a)CompuServe.COM> > The current list is divided many ways as to what relationship local mean > time (LMT) should have to local clock time (LCT). ... ... And all such divisions are completely irrelevant, because nobody who decides about time zone law reads this list. Please take your opinions about national time zone policies someplace where they will make a difference. Nathan Myers ncm(a)cantrip.org

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DST switching dates
by Chris Carrier March 22, 1997

March 22, 1997

Nathan Myers > INTERNET:ncm@cantrip.org wrote: >Clearly the only sensible approach to time would be to leave the damn >clocks alone, and change schedules to match reality. However, it's a >waste of everybody's time and attention to discuss this here. We techies >are constrained to chase after whatever foolish decisions are made in the >parliaments and politburos of world. This list is about details of that >chase. >Maybe there should be another list to help discover strategies to influence >idiot politicians. I hope that those of you who are interested in the idea >will create that list, instead of using this one. The current list is divided many ways as to what relationship local mean time (LMT) should have to local clock time (LCT). One the one hand we have persons like yourself who advocate standard time throughout the year (at least I think that is what you are advocating) and alternatively we have advocates for up to three hours of year-round DST such as Peter Hullah, who stated that everyone "should add two hours to their current standard time" all year round. (Since he lives in France, that would be three hours ahead of local mean time.) (A thought: has anyone here in favor of DST in REVERSE?) Garrett Wollman > INTERNET:wollman@LCS.MIT.EDU wrote in reply to me: >On 20 Mar 97 23:41:37 EST, Chris Carrier <72157.3334(a)CompuServe.COM> said: >>Unfortunately things seem to be going in the other direction, given the EU's >>decision to copy the US/UK bad habit of ending DST on the last Sunday in >>OCTOBER, by the end of which the sun is rising later than the large majority >>of day-shift workers get up. >And those of us who live in cities like Boston, which have ``night >life'' rather than ``morning life'' think this is perfectly >reasonable.... DST rules should not be determined by cities such as Boston, but by cities on the western edge of timezones such as Cleveland in the Eastern or Dallas in the Central (and places like Indiana and West Texas should go back an hour into their astronomically correct zone.) Sue Ann Bowling > INTERNET:sbowling@gi.alaska.edu wrote: >The dates of daylight savings shift, and the assymmetry between the spring >shift (when we in Alaska are already pracitically going to bed in daylight) >and October (when it's already dark when we're going home in the evening) >have bothered me for years. The problem in Alaska isn't DST but that ever since October 1983 most of the state, except for Southeast, has been on DST all year with a 2 hour advance during the DST period in the Lower 48. >I wonder if the politicos who first devised the shift thought that solar >symmetry was around the middle of the winter and summer? It seems to have been a thing that evolved. When DST first went US-national in 1918-9, it run from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October. When many states and localities started using it in 1920 in the absence of national legislation, they shortened it by a month on each end, from the last Sunday in April (a ridiculously late date in Lower 48 latitudes) to the (very sensible) last Sunday in September. This went on until 1942-5 when DST was national and year round for the war. It should be noted here that the War Time Act of 1942 called for DST to last until six months after the end of the war, but when the war did end in the summer of 1945 a bill was quickly passed to end War Time on the last Sunday in September, 1945. What I call the "October problem" started in Massachusetts when the legislature there extended DST to the end of October, starting in 1954. (IMHO they should have left September alone and started a month earlier if they wanted an extended DST period.) The next year New York and the rest of New England got on the bandwagon, and by 1962 most places on DST were ending on the last Sunday in October. (A few, however, shortened the end to Labor Day - - Minnesota was one.) Then along came the Uniform Time Act of 1966 which set up the dates of the last Sunday in April to October, nationwide. It should be pointed out that when this bill was originally introduced it did not put the whole country on DST but only stated that anyone using DST had to abide by April Sun=>24 to October Sun =>25 switch dates. Unfortunately the bill was then rewritten to put the whole nation on DST unless states exempted themselves. An amendment to the bill reducing the DST period from Memorial to Labor Day unfortunately failed; this was reintroduced in 1970 and also failed. After the 1974-5 experience with a much earlier start to DST, bills were introduced in each Congress from 1976 on to increase the DST period until in 1987, one passed to move the start date from the last to the first Sunday in April. My position during those years was to support the earlier change if and only if the ending date was moved back to the last Sunday in September. In 1981 I was happy to see the EEC (later known as the EC, now known as the EU) adopt last Sunday March-September for its continental members, hoping this would inspire the UK and US to do likewise and create something like the Livingston worldwide-switch-day proposal (which is what the UTA of 1966 was and should have been). But alas, this was not to be. >Anyway, a popular science article I wrote on the topic 10 >years ago is on the web at ><http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF8/812.html>, pointing out some of >the oddities of time zones here in our 60 degree wide state. I used to write similar articles for the BARROW SUN and the ALEUTIAN EAGLE 1987-92 (when they folded). If you are interested I could send you one I wrote in October 1988 commenting on the fifth anniversary of the consolidation of time zones in Alaska five years earlier. Eric Ulevik > INTERNET:eau@ozemail.com.au wrote: >It is extremely unlikely that time zone rules will be simplified >to make life easier for computers. For example: sunrise and sunset >in Hobart vary sufficiently from Sydney that they are always going >to want to have different summer time start/end dates. Another >example: Adelaide has an offset of <hours>:30m from GMT. Nor should they. Time zone rules should be set by wake-sleep patterns, not the perceived need of the business community to have everyone on the same time: (A fabulous letter to the London Times during the British Standard Time period (1968-71) put it thusly: "We have 3000 telephone links between Britain and the Continent. Why do we need to get 55 million people out of bed in the dark to answer them?") >Having said that, I have an idea for how to simplify time zone rules. >A 'mean local time' can be calculated based upon location on the >earth's surface. This time can be algorithmically biased to >allow for daylight savings, smoothly varying over the year. Clocks >can use GPS and the standard algorithm to calculate this time. >Of course, this was the case before standard time, but transport >and communications go faster these days. Which is why it could never be practically adopted. If I were at the Meridian Convention in Washington, DC, USA, in (I believe) 1881, where they settled on Greenwich as the meridian, (a good decision IMHO) I would have advocated a planetwide version of what the German State Railways were doing. They had time zones based on Berlin, with each zone 10 minutes in time (2.5 degrees of longitude) apart. What I would have wanted would be such a system of 144 time zones, 10 minutes apart, centered on Greenwich. >The problem here is that administrative units - say Sydney - >may wish to adopt a standard time, but then we end not >having algorithmically determined time. Actually the problem is that organizations which deal in a large area such as railways and, in our century, broadcasters, need to have uniform time over a large area. There were many standard 'railway times' before standard time was introduced to reduce confusion in this area. >3) Time near the poles probably needs a special case. Would you believe the South Pole keeps DST? The first commander of the Pole Station wanted to keep GMT, but discovered it was more convenient to keep the time of their supply line; McMurdo Sound, which kept the same time as New Zealand. Since NZ has had a seasonal time change since 1974, McMurdo follows suit, and so does the Pole Station.

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Daylight savings changeover
by Sue Ann Bowling March 21, 1997

March 21, 1997

The dates of daylight savings shift, and the assymmetry between the spring shift (when we in Alaska are already pracitically going to bed in daylight) and October (when it's already dark when we're going home in the evening) have bothered me for years. I wonder if the politicos who first devised the shift thought that solar symmetry was around the middle of the winter and summer? Anyway, a popular science article I wrote on the topic 10 years ago is on the web at <http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF8/812.html>, pointing out some of the oddities of time zones here in our 60 degree wide state. Sue Ann Bowling, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks Professional URL http://climate.gi.alaska.edu/Bowling/Bowling.html Dog URL http://www.mcf.com/bowlingsite/dogpage.html

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Re: Mass switch at the equinoxes
by ncm＠cantrip.org March 21, 1997

March 21, 1997

Alex Livingston (alex(a)agsm.unsw.edu.au) wrote: >This is an ideal time for anywhere at a high enough latitude in the northern >hemisphere to advance clocks *and* anywhere at a (numerically) high enough >latitude in the southern hemisphere to retard clocks. Imagine if all the >world that did change changed on the same weekend! Chris Carrier: >I totally agree. Clearly the only sensible approach to time would be to leave the damn clocks alone, and change schedules to match reality. However, it's a waste of everybody's time and attention to discuss this here. We techies are constrained to chase after whatever foolish decisions are made in the parliaments and politburos of world. This list is about details of that chase. Maybe there should be another list to help discover strategies to influence idiot politicians. I hope that those of you who are interested in the idea will create that list, instead of using this one. Nathan Myers ncm(a)cantrip.org

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How do you generate POSIX time zone strings?
by Tony Glenning March 21, 1997

March 21, 1997

Hi, I am hoping this is the correct alias for this question (apologies of not). I am trying to find a straight forward way to generate POSIX time zone strings for the current year. For example, if this function were run on machine which has TZ set to US/Pacific in 1997 it would generate: PST8PDT7,97/3:00:00,300/1:00:00 Any suggestions welcome. Currently my best thought is parsing the zoneinfo files and generating them that way, which is quite tedious. Thanks, Tony

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Mass switch at the equinoxes
by Chris Carrier March 21, 1997

March 21, 1997

Alex Livingston (alex(a)agsm.unsw.edu.au) wrote: >This is an ideal time for anywhere at a high enough latitude in the northern >hemisphere to advance clocks *and* anywhere at a (numerically) high enough >latitude in the southern hemisphere to retard clocks. Imagine if all the >world that did change changed on the same weekend! I totally agree. I would like to see a world convention where northern- hemisphere DSTers all agree to start and end on the last Sundays in March and September, as Europe did 1981-95, and southern-hemisphere DSTers end and start on the same weekends. Unfortunately things seem to be going in the other direction, given the EU's decision to copy the US/UK bad habit of ending DST on the last Sunday in OCTOBER, by the end of which the sun is rising later than the large majority of day-shift workers get up. Chris Carrier

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Re: A Timezone Gazetteer (and Map Maybe)
by Dave Skinner March 21, 1997

March 21, 1997

The following is an excerpt from a response I recently sent to Alex Livingston followed by my response to Eric Ulevik. Since both emails to me were also sent to tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov, I felt this email to be needed. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- You are quite right about Australia/Hobart. I took Paul Eggert's input as gospel, so to speak, and he mistakenly treated Australia/Hobart as the same as Australia/Sydney. At the risk of telling you in boring detail what you already told me, here are the appropriate pairs of rules for Australia/Hobart Rule AT 1991 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - and Australia/Sydney Rule AN 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AN 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - Clearly "Sun>=1" is not the same as "lastSun". You may see an errata about this one to tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov in the not too distant future. It would have also have been clearer to append " --> None" to both rules Aus and AQ since I was concentrating on current time zones and into the future, at least for the time being. As for Indian/Cocos, it is separated from the rest of Australia in the "australasia" file, and my lack of geography knowledge means that I did not realize that it was owned by Australia. There needs to be a modification of the "australasia" file if you want it automatically collected as a time zone of Australia in my processing. I do not know who officially to notify of that to effect the change. Do you? I will be happy to make it a time zone of Australia in my personal bookkeeping right now, though. This may be another one for the errata sheet. . . . ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ I just responded to a series of comments from Alex Livingston that included the mistake with respect to Tasmania's time zone without noticing he had subsequently sent a copy of his comments to tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov and also without noticing that you made a similar set of comments. A copy of my response to Alex will be sent to tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov after I get done responding to the rest of your comments. With regard to my > planning to ignore time zones which are the same currently, but were > different historically being a mistake, it is funny that you should mention that, because Paul Eggert and I were having a similar discussion away from tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov (at least I think it was away from tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov) with me attempting to take the position you are now advocating. The problem is not in loosing geograpical information, because all that the tz database has currently in terms of lat/lon geographic information are single lat/lon points for each time locale, currently stored in "zone.tab". The problem is, or rather the problems are: (1) We need to be able to automatically process the existing tz database at any point in time in the future to get lists of what might be called "local time zones", i.e. the list of countries that only observe one time, with or without daylight savings time shifts, throughout the year, and the list of multiple time zones by country in countries where, for reasons of either standard time and/or daylight savings time observance variations, observe multiple times at one time or another throughout the year. These "local time zones" can then be combined into "regional time zones" at any point in time, where "regional time zones" are the amalgamated total of all "local time zones" whose clocks are set the same at that point in time. These lists need to be generated and compared to their previous counterparts to see if anything has changed. (2) We need to be able to conveniently respond to changes in "regional time zone" boundaries, especially if we have either previously gathered the lat/lon pairs of the boundary in question or if we have previously gathered, as I am now attempting to do, the lat/lon pairs, i.e. the digital line graph (dlg) data (properly converted to lat/lon polygon data for ease of subsequent handling) for political jurisdictions within the countries in question down to a sufficiently fine granularity that we can simply create lists of the jurisdictions associated with each of the "regional time zones" in question and automatically generate their overall boundary lat/lon polygons. With regard to > Hopefully it will be available on a web page... Any data gathered in (2) above should be made part of the tz database and will be made available in as open a manner as is reasonable/possible. It certainly will not be thrown away. So, as the time zone boundaries change and change back, it will certainly be possible to go back to a previous boundary easily. As for web pages, there currently exist somewhat cumbersome ways to provide this capability in a secure manner (maybe with Java Applets, but totally avoiding Java Applications) on a web page, and certainly if I am able to assemble a sufficiently interesting data set, I will make it a high priority to put the needed effort, around the edges of my other work, into seeing that such a web page gets created and maintained. Furthermore, it should be possible to directly support most Unix boxes with far more efficient versions of the same capability independent of the web page interface. Finally, the automatic assessment of the current situation in (1) above certainly must deal with all of the "Zones" and all of the "Rules" that show up in the tz database. Furthermore, although I am presently focusing only on present and future "regional time zone" boundary data, this is merely to keep my immediate problem as manageable as possible. This should not be construed to mean that I am not interested in historical time zone boundary data. To the contrary, I am very interested in acquiring sufficient historical lat/lon data to make the presentation of historical time zone information by the gazetteer a reality. Unfortunately, unless there is a significant breakthrough in obtaining such historical lat/lon data, present and future time zone information is all that can be reasonably expected in the foreseeable future. Dave Skinner dave(a)kirdu.jpl.nasa.gov

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Happy Equinox
by Alex LIVINGSTON March 20, 1997

March 20, 1997

Happy equinox (1997-03-20 13:55UT) one and all. This is an ideal time for anywhere at a high enough latitude in the northern hemisphere to advance clocks *and* anywhere at a (numerically) high enough latitude in the southern hemisphere to retard clocks. Imagine if all the world that did change changed on the same weekend! _______________ Alex LIVINGSTON Macintosh Support Computing & IT (C&IT) Australian Graduate School of Management (AGSM) The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney NSW 2052 AUSTRALIA E-mail : alex(a)agsm.unsw.edu.au; cit(a)agsm.unsw.edu.au (C&IT) Facsimile: +61 2 9931-9349 Telephone: +61 2 9931-9264

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Re-sent: Re: A Timezone Gazetteer (and Map Maybe)
by Alex LIVINGSTON March 20, 1997

March 20, 1997

The project you are embarking on seems fantastic, and looks as though it will eventually make possible the fulfilment of a dream of mine, namely a live time-zone map on the Web showing both current time zones (labeled with UT offset) - in colors reflecting UT offset alone, and not the so-called "Standard" time in that region - and the time in each of those zones. Once such a map is operational, many other possibilities present themselves of course (e.g. zooming in, display for a past or future date). I'm afraid I can't give you any help with boundary-vector information, but I noticed a number of omissions/errors regarding Australia (where I live) in your summary information: (1) >5. australasia:Australia > Indian/Christmas 7:00 None > Australia, Western 8:00 > Australia/Perth 8:00 None > Australia, Central 9:30 > Australia/Adelaide 9:30 AS > Australia/Darwin 9:30 Aus > Australia, Eastern 10:00 > Australia/Brisbane 10:00 AQ > Australia/Sydney 10:00 AN > Australia/Lord_Howe 10:30 LH You have left out the Cocos Islands, which (unfortunately) have a time zone of their own (and not that of neighboring Christmas Island). It might look something like this: Indian/Cocos 6:30 None (2) You have also overlooked Tasmania, which starts keeping daylight-saving time before other parts of the country which observe it do: Australia, Eastern Australia/Hobart 10:00 AT (?) (3) Note also that Australia/Brisbane no longer observes daylight-saving time at all. (Could it have "None" in its DST-Rule column?) > Australia/Hobart, Australia/Melbourne \ > (duplicates of Australia/Sydney) As already intimated, this is not entirely true; Australia/Melbourne is a duplicate of Australia/Sydney, but Australia/Hobart is not. (4) > Australia/Lindeman (duplicate of Australia/Brisbane) This is only true if historical observance is irrelevant. The Australia/Lindeman entry was created for a few Queensland islands for no other reason than that they continued to switch to daylight-saving time for a couple of years after the rest of the state ceased doing so. To the best of my knowledge, however, the two zones are now indistinguishable from each other (UT+10:00 kept year-round). _______________ Alex LIVINGSTON Macintosh Support Computing & IT (C&IT) Australian Graduate School of Management (AGSM) The University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney NSW 2052 AUSTRALIA E-mail : alex(a)agsm.unsw.edu.au; cit(a)agsm.unsw.edu.au (C&IT) Facsimile: +61 2 9931-9349 Telephone: +61 2 9931-9264

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A Timezone Gazetteer (and Map Maybe)
by Dave Skinner March 20, 1997

March 20, 1997

Any help in obtaining either or both of the following Internal Political Boundary Maps as Digital Line Graphs (DLGs) instead of Bitmaps and Surveyor Type Legal Descriptions of the Internal Timezone Boundaries for the countries that are currently composed of multiple different timezones would be appreciated. Note that in the United States, this resolution has to go down to the county level, not just the state level, and possibly only a surveyor type legal description will do in cases like America/Indiana/Marengo where the current description in the timezone database is "part of Crawford County". I believe that I can easily get the county maps for all 50 states in this form, but I still need a surveyor type legal description of situations like this, and complete lists of counties by timezone in states that have more than one timezone. At the international level, I already located a copy of the 132 MB CIA Digital Line Graph database of the world that was released around 1990 under the Freedom of Information Act. It is composed only of line strokes, and my ultimate goal is polygons. So, the complete set of polygons that describe the current international boundary of each country and any internal regional timezones therein still have to be generated. Nevertheless, it does have international political boundaries as well as the boundaries of the states of the United States and the provinces of Canada. Other internal political boundaries within the various countries are missing, however, and the database also suffers from being out-of-date. It is circa 1989. Back on the good news front, in case it should prove useful, the database does have all significant rivers and other bodies of water down to a fairly fine level of detail. So, unless I find a better source of data, I need to bring this database up-to-date. To that end, I also need the current international political boundaries, probably in surveyor type legal descriptions, that correct all that has happened, especially in Europe and Asia, since the reunification of Germany and the breakup of the Soviet Union. At the internal political boundary level, I analyzed the timezone database and extracted a complete list of all countries (21 in all) that have multiple different current timezones, where "different" is defined as either a different current GMT offset and/or a different current daylight savings time rule. This list is summarized in the table that appears below. Within this table are 6 timezones 9.* australasia/New_Zealand 11.* europe:Norway 12.* europe:Portugal 14.* europe:Spain 20.* southamerica:Chile 21.* southamerica:Ecuador that were edited to have an asterisk ("*") appended to their number to indicate that it seems obvious where to draw a boundary between their constituent timezones. It seems obvious because the two distinct timezones involved in each case are distinguished from each other by one being on the mainland and the other being on an offshore island. This leaves the following 15 countries 1. africa:Zaire 2. asia:Indonesia 3. asia:Japan 4. asia:Kazakhstan 5. australasia:Australia 6. australasia:French_Polynesia 7. australasia:Kiribati 8. australasia:Micronesia 10. europe:Denmark 13. europe:Russia 15. europe:Ukraine 16. northamerica:Canada 17. northamerica:Mexico 18. northamerica:United_States 19. southamerica:Brazil where the exact boundary lines between their internal regional timezones must still be identified. File:Country GMT DST Timezones Offset Rule 1. africa:Zaire Africa/Kinshasa 1:00 None Africa/Lubumbashi 2:00 None 2. asia:Indonesia Asia/Jakarta 7:00 None Asia/Ujung_Pandang 8:00 None Asia/Jayapura 9:00 None 3. asia:Japan Asia/Ishigaki 8:00 None Asia/Tokyo 9:00 None 4. asia:Kazakhstan Asia/Aqtau 4:00 E-Eur Asia/Aqtobe 5:00 E-Eur Asia/Alma-Ata 6:00 E-Eur 5. australasia:Australia Indian/Christmas 7:00 None Australia, Western 8:00 Australia/Perth 8:00 None Australia, Central 9:30 Australia/Adelaide 9:30 AS Australia/Darwin 9:30 Aus Australia, Eastern 10:00 Australia/Brisbane 10:00 AQ Australia/Sydney 10:00 AN Australia/Lord_Howe 10:30 LH 6. australasia:French_Polynesia Pacific/Tahiti -10:00 None Pacific/Marquesas -9:30 None Pacific/Gambier -9:00 None 7. australasia:Kiribati Pacific/Tarawa 12:00 None Pacific/Enderbury 13:00 None Pacific/Kiritimati 14:00 None 8. australasia:Micronesia Pacific/Yap 10:00 None Pacific/Ponape (Pohnpei) 11:00 None Pacific/Kosrae 12:00 None 9.* australasia/New_Zealand Pacific/Auckland 12:00 NZ Pacific/Chatham 12:45 Chatham 10. europe:Denmark America/Thule -4:00 Thule America/Godthab (Nuuk) -3:00 EU America/Scoresbysund (Ittoqqortoormiit) -1:00 EU Atlantic/Faeroe (Faroe Islands) 0:00 EU Europe/Copenhagen 1:00 EU 11.* europe:Norway Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 None Europe/Oslo 1:00 EU 12.* europe:Portugal Atlantic/Azores -1:00 EU Europe/Lisbon 0:00 EU 13. europe:Russia Europe/Kaliningrad 2:00 Russia Europe/Moscow 3:00 Russia Europe/Samara 4:00 Russia Europe/Yekaterinburg 5:00 Russia Asia/Novosibirsk 6:00 Russia Asia/Krasnoyarsk 7:00 Russia Asia/Irkutsk 8:00 Russia Asia/Yakutsk 9:00 Russia Asia/Vladivostok 10:00 Russia Asia/Magadan 11:00 Russia Asia/Kamchatka 12:00 Russia Asia/Anadyr 13:00 Russia 14.* europe:Spain Atlantic/Canary 0:00 EU Europe/Madrid 1:00 EU 15. europe:Ukraine Europe/Kiev 2:00 EU Europe/Simferopol 3:00 Crimea 16. northamerica:Canada Canada, Pacific -8:00 America/Vancouver -8:00 Vanc Canada, Mountain -7:00 America/Dawson_Creek -7:00 None America/Edmonton -7:00 Edm Canada, Central -6:00 America/Regina -6:00 None America/Winnipeg -6:00 Winn Canada, Eastern -5:00 America/Montreal -5:00 Mont Canada, Atlantic -4:00 America/Halifax -4:00 Halifax Canada, Newfoundland -3:30 America/St_Johns -3:30 StJohns 17. northamerica:Mexico Mexico, Pacific -8:00 America/Tijuana -8:00 Mexico Mexico, Mountain -7:00 America/Mazatlan -7:00 Mexico Mexico, Central -6:00 America/Mexico_City -6:00 Mexico 18. northamerica:United_States United_States, Samoa -11:00 Pacific/Midway -11:00 None United_States, Hawaii-Aleutian -10:00 America/Adak -10:00 US Pacific/Honolulu -10:00 None United_States, Alaska -9:00 America/Anchorage -9:00 US United_States, Pacific -8:00 America/Los_Angeles -8:00 US United_States, Mountain -7:00 America/Denver -7:00 US America/Phoenix -7:00 None United_States, Central -6:00 America/Chicago -6:00 US United_States, Eastern -5:00 America/Indianapolis -5:00 None America/New_York -5:00 US 19. southamerica:Brazil America/Porto_Acre -5:00 None Brazil, Western -4:00 America/Cuiaba -4:00 Brazil America/Manaus -4:00 None Brazil, Eastern -3:00 America/Fortaleza -3:00 None America/Sao_Paulo -3:00 Brazil America/Noronha -2:00 None 20.* southamerica:Chile Pacific/Easter -6:00 Chile America/Santiago -4:00 Chile 21.* southamerica:Ecuador Pacific/Galapagos -6:00 None America/Guayaquil -5:00 None The following list of timezone database entries that are currently operational duplicates of table entries above is provided for completeness. This list was generated by Paul Eggert. Africa/Ceuta (duplicate of Europe/Madrid) America/Boise (duplicate of America/Denver) America/Dawson, America/Whitehorse \ (duplicates of America/Vancouver) America/Detroit, America/Louisville \ (duplicates of America/New_York) America/Glace_Bay, America/Goose_Bay, America/Pangnirtung \ (duplicates of America/Halifax) America/Ensenada (duplicate of America/Tijuana) America/Indiana/Knox, America/Indiana/Marengo, \ America/Indiana/Vevay (duplicates of America/Indianapolis) America/Inuvik, America/Yellowknife \ (duplicates of America/Edmonton) America/Iqaluit, America/Nipigon, America/Thunder_Bay \ (duplicates of America/Montreal) America/Juneau, America/Nome, America/Yakutat \ (duplicates of America/Anchorage) America/Maceio (duplicate of America/Sao_Paulo) America/Menominee (duplicate of America/Chicago) America/Rainy_River, America/Rankin_Inlet \ (duplicates of America/Winnipeg) America/Swift_Current (duplicate of America/Regina) Asia/Omsk (duplicate of Asia/Novosibirsk) Atlantic/Madeira (duplicate of Europe/Lisbon) Australia/Broken_Hill (duplicate of Australia/Adelaide) Australia/Hobart, Australia/Melbourne \ (duplicates of Australia/Sydney) Australia/Lindeman (duplicate of Australia/Brisbane) Pacific/Truk (duplicate of Pacific/Yap) Anyhow, thanks in advance for any help that you end up providing. Dave Skinner dave(a)kirdu.jpl.nasa.gov P.S. I also wanted to thank both Paul Eggert and Eric Ulevik for replying to my original email (to tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov) and I especially wanted to thank Paul Eggert for reviewing my original version of this email as well.

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Paul Eggert's IDT patch makes sense
by Chris Carrier March 17, 1997

March 17, 1997

Some thoughts on Paul Eggert's proposed Israel DST rules for =>1999. The proposed rules of the third Friday in March to the third Sunday in September are very reasonable. It seems that the dates of the change are always set to avoid Jewish holy days/periods and the Jewish Sabbath, sunset Friday to sunset Saturday, and Paul's proposed rules do that. Passover, Nisan 15 in the Jewish calendar, is the first full moon after March 27 in the Gregorian calendar in this century. A third-Friday in March beginning prevents the beginning of DST from running into Passover. (Back when the Jewish calendar was determined on the basis of observation, Passover was supposed to be the first full moon after the vernal equinox (which survives in Christian Easter rules). I was informed that a group of rabbis met in Jerusalem to discuss reform of the Jewish calendar, but were unable to come to a conclusion (although the person who told me this suggested the rabbis' real reason for doing nothing was to avoid a schism such as the one that happened in Christendom in 1582 when the Gregorian calendar was implemented and the Catholics adopted it and the Protestants and Greek/Russian Orthodox did not.)) Although the Jewish New Year currently can fall during the date range 15-21 September, it can never be on a Sunday. Neither can Yom Kippur (which can occur prior to September 21) be a Sunday, so a third Sunday in September rule avoids that as well. (Tishri 1 can never fall on Sunday, Wednesday, or Friday because Yom Kippur must avoid Friday or Sunday and Succoth (Tishri 21) must avoid Saturday). However, New Years is celebrated for two days -- Tishri 1 and 2 -- and if Tishri 1 falls on Saturday, the clock change might be moved from Sunday to the preceding Friday. Also, the third Friday in March to third Sunday in September satisfies the current Israeli legal requirement of =>150 days of DST per year. Side note: there are always 154 days between the third Friday in March and the third Sunday in September and they are always the same dates in their respective months (the 15th in 1996, the 21st in 1997). I know that this is a bit of a digression, but I do think that Paul's patch does have some sound reasoning behind it. Chris Carrier

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Chatham Islands time
by Chris Carrier March 17, 1997

March 17, 1997

Some thoughts on the Chatham Islands time of time change. The legal standard time of the Chathams is GMT+12:45, and they observed DST on the same dates as New Zealand, which they are legally tied to. When NZ was making its time changes at 2:00 NZ time, the Chathams changed at 2:45 Chatham time, which was the same time (14:00 GMT of the previous day in both places). Since NZ just changed at 1:00, I would presume the change in the Chathams was at 1:45. Chris Carrier

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proposed tz patch for New Zealand, Israel
by Paul Eggert March 17, 1997

March 17, 1997

Here are proposed patches to the tz database for the recent minor change to the New Zealand rules reported by Jeffrey Connell. I'm also taking the liberty of proposing to regularize the formatting of the recent changes for Israel, along with one substantive change for Israel: a simpler and hopefully more accurate (though still undoubtedly incorrect) prediction for Israeli DST rules from 1999 on. (The existing prediction here seems to be based on the old late-1980s Israeli rules, and it stops after 2009.) =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/australasia,v retrieving revision 1997.1 retrieving revision 1997.1.1.1 diff -c -r1997.1 -r1997.1.1.1 *** australasia 1997/01/21 14:11:10 1997.1 --- australasia 1997/03/16 07:24:58 1997.1.1.1 *************** *** 305,313 **** Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S ! Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D ! Rule Chatham 1991 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1940 Sep 29 2:00 --- 305,315 ---- Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S ! Rule NZ 1990 1996 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S ! Rule NZ 1997 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D ! Rule Chatham 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S ! Rule Chatham 1997 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1940 Sep 29 2:00 *************** *** 832,837 **** --- 834,850 ---- # gives the NZ rules but with transitions at 2:45 local standard time. # Guess that they adopted DST in 1990. + # From "J. Sean Connell" <ankh(a)canuck.gen.nz> (1997-03-16): + # As I sit here and change all my other clocks, I would like to let y'all know + # that New Zealand changed its DST rules this year; instead of NZDT 02:59:59 + # becoming NZST 02:00:00, NZDT 01:59:59 now -> NZST 01:00:00. I'm afraid that + # I can't point you to any confirmatory articles, but apparently it was only + # decided a few weeks ago. + # + # From Paul Eggert (1997-03-15): + # We'll assume Chatham followed suit. + + ############################################################################### # Fiji =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/asia,v retrieving revision 1997.3 retrieving revision 1997.3.1.1 diff -c -r1997.3 -r1997.3.1.1 *** asia 1997/03/04 14:58:18 1997.3 --- asia 1997/03/16 07:24:58 1997.3.1.1 *************** *** 508,515 **** # From Ephraim Silverberg (ephraim(a)cs.huji.ac.il) 1997-03-04: - # Zone Information Compiler (ZIC) File for the State of Israel (1989-2009) - # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. # Each year they decide anew what havoc to wreak on the country. However, --- 508,513 ---- *************** *** 525,551 **** # change back to standard time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday # night to avoid conflicts with the Jewish New Year. ! # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S ! Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0:00 S # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S ! Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0:00 S # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 --- 523,549 ---- # change back to standard time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday # night to avoid conflicts with the Jewish New Year. ! # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S ! Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S ! Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S ! Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S ! Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S ! Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S ! Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S ! Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 *************** *** 560,599 **** # # ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1997.ps.gz # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S ! Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1998 only - Oct 18 0:00 0:00 S ! ! # These rules are probably wrong, but they are close approximations (usually ! # within a few weeks): ! ! # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S ! Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 11 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 5 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2000 only - Sep 24 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 9 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2002 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2002 only - Sep 1 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2003 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2003 only - Sep 21 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 12 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2005 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2005 only - Sep 25 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2006 only - Apr 23 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2006 only - Sep 17 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2007 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 9 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2008 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0:00 S ! Rule Zion 2009 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 13 0:00 0:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880 --- 558,577 ---- # # ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1997.ps.gz + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S + Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D + Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S + Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D + Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S + Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D + Rule Zion 1998 only - Oct 18 0:00 0 S + + # From Paul Eggert (1997-03-15): + # Here are guesses for rules after 1998. + # They are probably wrong, but they are more likely than no DST at all. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S ! Rule Zion 1999 max - Mar Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1999 max - Sep Sun>=15 0:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880

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Daylight savings time in New Zealand
by J. Sean Connell March 15, 1997

March 15, 1997

As I sit here and change all my other clocks, I would like to let y'all know that New Zealand changed its DST rules this year; instead of NZDT 02:59:59 becoming NZST 02:00:00, NZDT 01:59:59 now -> NZST 01:00:00. I'm afraid that I can't point you to any confirmatory articles, but apparently it was only decided a few weeks ago... -- Jeffrey Connell | Systems Adminstrator, ICONZ ankh(a)canuck.gen.nz | Any opinions stated above are not my employers', ankh(a)iconz.co.nz | not my boyfriend's, my priest's, my God's, my #include <stddisc.h> | my friends', and probably not even my own. ---------------------------+-------------------------------------------------- Fingerprint: 1024/2B8B116D | Key at http://www.canuck.gen.nz/~ankh/pgpkey.html

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tzcode1997c.tar.gz and tzdata1997d.tar.gz
by ado March 8, 1997

March 8, 1997

The files ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzcode1997c.tar.gz and ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata1997d.tar.gz are now available. Included are changes to "zic.c" to correct performance of the "-s" option, and a new file "usno1997". --ado

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Re: Israel Daylight Time
by Dave Skinner March 6, 1997

March 6, 1997

Regarding time settings in the state of Indiana, I do not know about the stories in the email to which I am now responding. Nevertheless, I grew up in Indianapolis, and I do remember that the first week or so of first grade was spent with the schools on one time-of-day and everyone's homes on a time-o-day that differed by an hour. This would have been in approximately September of 1959 (if I have redetermined the year of my 1st grade tour of duty correctly). Dave Skinner dave(a)jpl.nasa.gov

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