- tz - lists.iana.org

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Sept. 13, 1997

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FW: System Time Checker
by Olson, Arthur David Sept. 11, 1997

Sept. 11, 1997

The reference to "major time zones" below is US-centric. --ado ---------- From: Hickey, Michael Sent: Thursday, September 11, 1997 9:44 AM To: TLC-L(a)LIST.NIH.GOV Subject: Re: System Time Checker Please note that these plug-ins were written specifically for Netscape. -----Original Message----- From: Fajman, Roger Sent: Wednesday, September 10, 1997 7:26 PM To: TLC-L(a)LIST.NIH.GOV Subject: System Time Checker Date: Wed, 10 Sep 1997 08:18:22 -0500 From: Gleason Sackman <gleason(a)rrnet.com> Subject: MISC> US Naval Observatorys new system-time checker Date: Tue, 09 Sep 97 21:52:34 Eastern Daylight Time From: John Tracy McGrath <jack(a)linux.cowland.com> To: gsunet list <gsunet-l(a)ecnet.net> Subject: US Naval Observatorys new system-time checker The US Naval Observatory has augmented their time-reporting service with a neat new service which compares the time being kept on your computer system with USNO time, and reports the deviation. How good are those software plug-in regulators that are supposed to keep your system time on the nose? Maybe you'll be surprised. I was! The whole process is quick and completely automatic, and you can choose from the major time zones. http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/what.html Jack McGrath ------------------------------

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FW: Timezone Discussion List
by Olson, Arthur David Sept. 11, 1997

Sept. 11, 1997

---------- From: Kevin R. Joyce[SMTP:kjoyce@tvdata.com] Sent: Monday, September 08, 1997 10:45 PM To: tz-request(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov Subject: Timezone Discussion List Dear Sirs, I would like to receive information regarding North American timezones, specifically "official" abreviations for U.S. and Canadian timzones. Sincerely, Kevin Joyce Online Product Manager TVData

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new time zone code and data files
by ado Sept. 4, 1997

Sept. 4, 1997

The files ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/~pub/tzcode1997g.tar.gz and ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/~pub/tzdata1997h.tar.gz are now available. These files incorporate the corrections for Uruguay (and other locations) that were sent to the time zone mailing list last week; they also incorporate your correspondent's simple-minded fix allowing mktime to both correctly handle leap seconds and correctly handle tm_sec values upon which arithmetic has been performed. (A ponder of Tom Peterson's suggested optimizations to those changes is in my queue.) --ado

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hi
by ado Sept. 4, 1997

Sept. 4, 1997

hi

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For Immediate Release - Deskgate Announces Electronic Envelope
by "Karl Minor"＠moshix2.net Sept. 3, 1997

Sept. 3, 1997

PRESS RELEASE August 19, 1997 DeskGate Announces Electronic Envelope for Email DeskGate Technologies announces VIAexpress, the Universal Envelope for Email. The product lets businesses encrypt, compress, and graphically enhance E-mail messages and attachments. VIAexpress works with any Windows-based E-mail package. With VIAexpress, users drop messages into an electronic wrapper. The technology is self-extracting so it can be opened in any WIN environment and doesn't require software downloads to use. "Imagine if all UPS delivery was instant, free of charge, had your company's custom logo on each envelope, and had the front door to your company enclosed" says Karl Minor, Vice President of DeskGate Technologies."This is VIAexpress." VIAexpress can be downloaded for free from http://www.viaexpress.com A comprehensive press release is also available at the site. For more information about the product, please contact Chip Venters, VP Marketing, at (703) 448-8599 or cventers(a)viaexpress.com. Reply with Subject = remove to be removed from Press List.

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Re: Montserrat, and FX for France
by Infoman Inc. Sept. 1, 1997

Sept. 1, 1997

With respect to France FR and FX and numeric codes 249 and 250. I believe that the FX has been withdrawn. FX, France Metropolitain I beleive the be used where France was part of the European Union (e.g. for import/export purposes) and distinct from all the territories belonging to France. Check with the secreteriat for ISO 3166, i.e. DIN on this. Further now that we have ISO 3166-2, it would be a godsend if all entities in ISO3166-1 which are not countries in their own right but dependencies of others to be removed from 3166-1 and included in their apprapriate place in 3166-2. Any other thoughts on this - Jake Knoppers

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tz - proposed patch for Metropolitan France and Olveston, Montserrat
by Paul Eggert Aug. 31, 1997

Aug. 31, 1997

In the light of the recent comments about the FX country code and the latitude and longitude for Olveston, Montserrat, here's a further proposed patch, to be applied after the patch that I proposed on Aug 29. =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/iso3166.tab,v retrieving revision 1.2 retrieving revision 1.3 diff -c -r1.2 -r1.3 *** iso3166.tab 1997/07/06 07:19:55 1.2 --- iso3166.tab 1997/08/31 08:13:53 1.3 *************** *** 7,12 **** --- 7,15 ---- # 2. The usual English name for the country, # chosen so that alphabetic sorting of subsets produces helpful lists. # + # For France in Europe, we follow common practice and use FR, + # even though FX might be more technically correct. + # # Columns are separated by a single tab. # The table is sorted by country code. # *************** *** 86,91 **** --- 89,95 ---- FM Micronesia FO Faeroe Islands FR France + FX France, Metropolitan GA Gabon GB Britain (UK) GD Grenada =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/northamerica,v retrieving revision 1997.5.0.1 retrieving revision 1997.5.0.2 diff -c -r1997.5.0.1 -r1997.5.0.2 *** northamerica 1997/08/29 08:34:24 1997.5.0.1 --- northamerica 1997/08/31 08:13:53 1997.5.0.2 *************** *** 1249,1259 **** -4:00 - AST # Montserrat ! # From Paul Eggert (1997-08-29): # Recent volcanic eruptions have forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital. ! # 4:08 is a guess at the longitude of Olveston, the current de facto capital. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] ! Zone America/Montserrat -4:08 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Olveston -4:00 - AST # Nicaragua --- 1249,1259 ---- -4:00 - AST # Montserrat ! # From Paul Eggert (1997-08-31): # Recent volcanic eruptions have forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital. ! # Luckily, Olveston, the current de facto capital, has the same longitude. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] ! Zone America/Montserrat -4:08:52 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Olveston -4:00 - AST # Nicaragua =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/zone.tab,v retrieving revision 1.2.1.4 retrieving revision 1.2.1.5 diff -c -r1.2.1.4 -r1.2.1.5 *** zone.tab 1997/07/16 16:25:51 1.2.1.4 --- zone.tab 1997/08/31 08:13:53 1.2.1.5 *************** *** 231,237 **** MP +1512+14545 Pacific/Saipan MQ +1436-06105 America/Martinique MR +1806-01557 Africa/Nouakchott ! MS +1642-06213 America/Montserrat MT +3554+01431 Europe/Malta MU -2010+05730 Indian/Mauritius MV +0410+07330 Indian/Maldives --- 231,237 ---- MP +1512+14545 Pacific/Saipan MQ +1436-06105 America/Martinique MR +1806-01557 Africa/Nouakchott ! MS +1644-06213 America/Montserrat MT +3554+01431 Europe/Malta MU -2010+05730 Indian/Mauritius MV +0410+07330 Indian/Maldives

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Montserrat, and FX for France
by gwil＠mindspring.com Aug. 30, 1997

Aug. 30, 1997

To Mr. Eggert: The NIMA Geographic Names Server says that Olveston, Montserrat is a "populated locality" at 16 deg. 44 min. N., 62 deg. 13 min. W. In response to M. Leca's comments about FR/FX, I have a different opinion. The question is, which ISO 3166 code should be used for Paris, France: FR or FX. FR is identified in the standard as representing "France", while FX is "France, Metropolitan". First, it should be made clear that there is no one correct answer. The introductory notes to the standard clearly state that there may be areas of overlap between two codes. Without question, Paris is within the area intended to be covered by both codes, FR and FX. It may also be germane to note that FX is a new code, introduced in ISO 3166 Newsletter III-24, dated 1993-06-18. What accounts for the "areas of overlap"? The only clue that the standard provides to areas of coverage of each code are the remarks in column 5 of the countries list. About 80% of these remarks are to explain which isolated islands are or are not included in the country. The remaining 20% are about previous name or code changes. Apparently, the standard is meant to avoid overlap. The introductory notes give only one example of overlap: France (FR) and Martinique (MQ). As far as I can tell, all of the overlaps follow the same paradigm: a mother country and its remote possessions. Thus, the Netherlands (NL) presumably includes not just the European country but Netherlands Antilles (AN) and Aruba (AW) as well. Likewise with Denmark, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands. It would be very, very nice if every point of land in the world (except border points) could be assigned to one and only one country code. Until 1993, it was possible to do this, by making a single simplifying assumption: that in such cases of overlap, the mother country's code would be used only if none of the codes for the country's overseas possessions applied. This fit neatly with common sense. We would say that Copenhagen was in DK because that was the only choice. Nuuk would be coded as GL, even though DK might also be allowed by the standard, because GL conveys more information than DK. I maintain a geographical reference database, in which points are keyed to countries, and countries are taken from ISO 3166. I had assigned points to countries as described above. Paris was in FR, Fort-de-France was in MQ, and so on. When the change notice came out in 1993, I was put in a quandary. I could either leave the code for France as FR, or change it to FX. (Or I could merge all of the overseas departments and territories with FR, but that certainly didn't seem like the best choice.) Changing France to FX would have been more consistent with the principles I had followed. On the other hand, I would have had to educate all my data customers about the reasons behind the change. It would have been a hard sell. Even now, four years later, I don't think anyone I deal with is aware of FX. Besides, I personally find FX unappealing. The codes from XA to XZ are reserved, so there will never be a country code beginning with X. The only codes ending with X before 1993 were CX for tiny Christmas Island and MX for Mexico, which does have an X in it. I decided to take the position, which still seems justified, that FX is an aberration; that it was introduced for some technical purpose, not of general interest; and that the rest of us can ignore it. If new codes were created for Metropolitan Denmark, Metropolitan Netherlands, Metropolitan United States, and so on, I would probably reconsider my position. It would also depend on how the introductory notes to ISO 3166 were changed to explain the new codes. As matters stand, I prefer to act as if FX didn't exist: not because it's the only right thing to do, but because it's one of the right possibilities, and it's expedient. -- Gwillim Law

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FR entry in iso3166.tab and zone.tab
by Antoine Leca Aug. 29, 1997

Aug. 29, 1997

Hello folks, I have a problem with the entries for France in zone.tab. Currently, FR is associated with the entry for Paris, while the various overseas departements (GP, MQ, GF, RE, PM, YT) are associated each with their own entries. OTOH, FR is supposed to mean France as a state, while there is another code, FX, which specifically means "Metropolitan France". So I don't see FR to be at the same level as, say, RE. To be more in line with ISO 3166 and current practices, I think we should use the geographical related codes, i.e. FX for Europe/Paris, and change accordingly zone.tab and iso3166.tab to use FX instead of FR. Of course, as FR is much more used than FX, I think this desserves a comment in the commentary introductions of theses files, explaining why FR is "absent". Antoine Leca

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proposed tz patch for Uruguay, Montserrat, Yugoslavia, EU, etc.
by Paul Eggert Aug. 29, 1997

Aug. 29, 1997

Lee Steakley's report of the embarrassing error for Uruguay in the tz database prompted me to dust off the tz changes that have accumulated on my desk. Here's a proposed patch that combines the following: * Remove the last (bogus) transition for Uruguay. Also, I checked Shanks's 4th edition, and he disagrees with the IATA about Uruguay since 1990, but for lack of better info the following patch sticks with the IATA. * Change the pre-1911 longitude for America/Montserrat to my guess at the longitude of the new de facto capital, Olveston. (My atlas doesn't have this town.) Please see http://www.geo.mtu.edu/volcanoes/west.indies/soufriere/ for details on Montserrat's current upheavals. I suppose the zone.tab entry should also change, but I'd like better data first. * Fix Yugoslavia's legal data of transition for switching to the EU zone rules. This doesn't affect behavior; it's just documentation. (Thanks to Metod Kozelj for correcting my earlier transcription error.) * Add Peter Ilieve's commentary on the Eighth Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements. * Move the general comments at the top of the `africa' file to the `Theory' file, where they are more at home. Also, modernize the `Theory' file a bit. =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/Theory,v retrieving revision 1995.9 retrieving revision 1995.9.0.1 diff -c -r1995.9 -r1995.9.0.1 *** Theory 1995/12/21 17:28:25 1995.9 --- Theory 1997/08/29 08:34:24 1995.9.0.1 *************** *** 1,40 **** @(#)Theory 7.4 ! These time and date functions are much like the System V Release 2.0 (SVR2) ! time and date functions; there are a few additions and changes to extend ! the usefulness of the SVR2 functions: ! ! * In SVR2, time display in a process is controlled by the environment ! variable TZ, which "must be a three-letter time zone name, followed ! by a number representing the difference between local time and ! Greenwich Mean Time in hours, followed by an optional three-letter ! name for a daylight time zone;" when the optional daylight time zone is ! present, "standard U.S.A. Daylight Savings Time conversion is applied." ! This means that SVR2 can't deal with other (for example, Australian) ! daylight savings time rules, or situations where more than two time zone abbreviations are used in an area. ! * In SVR2, time conversion information is compiled into each program ! that does time conversion. This means that when time conversion rules change (as in the United States in 1987), all programs that do time conversion must be recompiled to ensure proper results. ! * In SVR2, time conversion fails for near-minimum or near-maximum ! time_t values when doing conversions for places that don't use GMT. ! ! * In SVR2, there's no tamper-proof way for a process to learn the system's best idea of local wall clock. (This is important for applications that an administrator wants used only at certain times-- without regard to whether the user has fiddled the "TZ" environment variable. While an administrator can "do everything in GMT" to get around the problem, doing so is inconvenient and precludes handling ! daylight savings time shifts--as might be required to limit phone calls to off-peak hours.) ! * These functions can account for leap seconds, thanks to Bradley White ! (bww(a)k.cs.cmu.edu) ! These are the changes that have been made to the SVR2 functions: * The "TZ" environment variable is used in generating the name of a file from which time zone information is read (or is interpreted a la --- 1,84 ---- @(#)Theory 7.4 ! ! ----- Outline ----- ! ! Time and date functions ! Names of time zone regions ! Time zone abbreviations ! ! ! ----- Time and date functions ----- ! ! These time and date functions are upwards compatible with POSIX.1, ! an international standard for Unix-like systems. ! As of this writing, the current edition of POSIX.1 is: ! ! Information technology --Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX (R)) ! -- Part 1: System Application Program Interface (API) [C Language] ! ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996 ! ANSI/IEEE Std 1003.1, 1996 Edition ! 1996-07-12 ! ! POSIX.1 has the following properties and limitations. ! ! * In POSIX.1, time display in a process is controlled by the ! environment variable TZ. Unfortunately, the POSIX.1 TZ string takes ! a form that is hard to describe and is error-prone in practice. ! Also, POSIX.1 TZ strings can't deal with other (for example, Israeli) ! daylight saving time rules, or situations where more than two time zone abbreviations are used in an area. ! The POSIX.1 TZ string takes the following form: ! ! stdoffset[dst[offset],date[/time],date[/time]] ! ! where: ! ! std and dst ! are 3 or more characters specifying the standard ! and daylight saving time (DST) zone names. ! offset ! is of the form `[-]hh:[mm[:ss]]' and specifies the ! offset west of UTC. The default DST offset is one hour ! ahead of standard time. ! date[/time],date[/time] ! specifies the beginning and end of DST. If this is absent, ! the system supplies its own rules for DST, and these can ! differ from year to year; typically US DST rules are used. ! time ! takes the form `hh:[mm[:ss]]' and defaults to 02:00. ! date ! takes one of the following forms: ! Jn (1<=n<=365) ! origin-1 day number not counting February 29 ! n (0<=n<=365) ! origin-0 day number counting February 29 if present ! Mm.n.d (0[Sunday]<=d<=6[Saturday], 1<=n<=5, 1<=m<=12) ! for the dth day of week n of month m of the year, ! where week 1 is the first week in which day d appears, ! and `5' stands for the last week in which day d appears ! (which may be either the 4th or 5th week). ! ! * In POSIX.1, when a TZ value like "EST5EDT" is parsed, ! typically the current US DST rules are used, ! but this means that the US DST rules are compiled into each program ! that does time conversion. This means that when US time conversion rules change (as in the United States in 1987), all programs that do time conversion must be recompiled to ensure proper results. ! * In POSIX.1, there's no tamper-proof way for a process to learn the system's best idea of local wall clock. (This is important for applications that an administrator wants used only at certain times-- without regard to whether the user has fiddled the "TZ" environment variable. While an administrator can "do everything in GMT" to get around the problem, doing so is inconvenient and precludes handling ! daylight saving time shifts--as might be required to limit phone calls to off-peak hours.) ! * POSIX.1 requires that systems ignore leap seconds. ! These are the extensions that have been made to the POSIX.1 functions: * The "TZ" environment variable is used in generating the name of a file from which time zone information is read (or is interpreted a la *************** *** 62,74 **** * To handle places where more than two time zone abbreviations are used, the functions "localtime" and "gmtime" set tzname[tmp->tm_isdst] (where "tmp" is the value the function returns) to the time zone ! abbreviation to be used. This differs from SVR2, where the elements of tzname are only changed as a result of calls to tzset. * Since the "TZ" environment variable can now be used to control time conversion, the "daylight" and "timezone" variables are no longer ! needed or supported. (You can use a compile-time option to cause ! these variables to be defined and to be set by "tzset"; however, their values will not be used by "localtime.") * The "localtime" function has been set up to deliver correct results --- 106,117 ---- * To handle places where more than two time zone abbreviations are used, the functions "localtime" and "gmtime" set tzname[tmp->tm_isdst] (where "tmp" is the value the function returns) to the time zone ! abbreviation to be used. This differs from POSIX.1, where the elements of tzname are only changed as a result of calls to tzset. * Since the "TZ" environment variable can now be used to control time conversion, the "daylight" and "timezone" variables are no longer ! needed. (These variables are defined and set by "tzset"; however, their values will not be used by "localtime.") * The "localtime" function has been set up to deliver correct results *************** *** 86,94 **** environment variable; portable applications should not, however, rely on this behavior since it's not the way SVR2 systems behave.) ! Points of interest to folks with Version 7 or BSD systems: ! * The BSD "timezone" function is not present in this package; it's impossible to reliably map timezone's arguments (a "minutes west of GMT" value and a "daylight saving time in effect" flag) to a time zone abbreviation, and we refuse to guess. --- 129,149 ---- environment variable; portable applications should not, however, rely on this behavior since it's not the way SVR2 systems behave.) ! * These functions can account for leap seconds, thanks to Bradley White ! (bww(a)k.cs.cmu.edu) ! ! Points of interest to folks with other systems: ! ! * This package is already part of many POSIX-compliant hosts, ! including BSD, HP, Linux, Network Appliance, SCO, SGI, and Sun. ! On such hosts, the primary use of this package ! is to update obsolete time zone rule tables. ! To do this, you may need to compile the time zone compiler ! `zic' supplied with this package instead of using the system `zic', ! since the format of zic's input changed slightly in late 1994, ! and many vendors still do not support the new input format. ! * The Unix Version 7 "timezone" function is not present in this package; it's impossible to reliably map timezone's arguments (a "minutes west of GMT" value and a "daylight saving time in effect" flag) to a time zone abbreviation, and we refuse to guess. *************** *** 97,108 **** zone abbreviation to use. Alternatively, use localtime(&clock)->tm_zone if this has been enabled. ! * The BSD gettimeofday function is not used in this package; ! this lets users control the time zone used in doing time conversions. ! Users who don't try to control things (that is, users who do not set ! the environment variable TZ) get the time conversion specified in the ! file "/etc/zoneinfo/localtime"; see the time zone compiler writeup for ! information on how to initialize this file. The functions that are conditionally compiled if STD_INSPIRED is defined should, at this point, be looked on primarily as food for thought. They are --- 152,164 ---- zone abbreviation to use. Alternatively, use localtime(&clock)->tm_zone if this has been enabled. ! * The 4.2BSD gettimeofday function is not used in this package. ! This formerly let users obtain the current UTC offset and DST flag, ! but this functionality was removed in later versions of BSD. ! ! * In SVR2, time conversion fails for near-minimum or near-maximum ! time_t values when doing conversions for places that don't use GMT. ! This package takes care to do these conversions correctly. The functions that are conditionally compiled if STD_INSPIRED is defined should, at this point, be looked on primarily as food for thought. They are *************** *** 115,120 **** beyond those provided here. The absence of such functions from this package is not meant to discourage the development, standardization, or use of such functions. Rather, their absence reflects the decision to make this package ! close to SVR2 (with the exceptions outlined above) to ensure its broad acceptability. If more powerful time conversion functions can be standardized, so much the better. --- 171,285 ---- beyond those provided here. The absence of such functions from this package is not meant to discourage the development, standardization, or use of such functions. Rather, their absence reflects the decision to make this package ! contain valid extensions to POSIX.1, to ensure its broad acceptability. If more powerful time conversion functions can be standardized, so much the better. + + + ----- Names of time zone rule files ----- + + The names of this package's installed time zone rule files are chosen to + help minimize possible future incompatibilities due to political events. + Ordinarily, names of countries are not used, to avoid incompatibilities + when countries change their name (e.g. Zaire->Congo) or + when locations change countries (e.g. Hong Kong from UK colony to China). + + Names normally have the form AREA/LOCATION, where AREA is the name + of a continent or ocean, and LOCATION is the name of a specific + location within that region. North and South America share the same + area, `America'. Typical names are `Africa/Cairo', `America/New_York', + and `Pacific/Honolulu'. + + Here are the general rules used for choosing location names, + in decreasing order of importance: + + Use only valid Posix file names. Use only Ascii letters, digits, `.', + `-' and `_'. Do not exceed 14 characters or start with `-'. + E.g. prefer `Brunei' to `Bandar_Seri_Begawan'. + Include at least one location per time zone rule set per country. + One such location is enough. + If all the clocks in a country's region have agreed since 1970, + don't bother to include more than one location + even if subregions' clocks disagreed before 1970. + Otherwise these tables would become annoyingly large. + If a name is ambiguous, use a less ambiguous alternative; + e.g. many cities are named San Jose and Georgetown, so + prefer `Costa_Rica' to `San_Jose' and `Guyana' to `Georgetown'. + Keep locations compact. Use cities or small islands, not countries + or regions, so that any future time zone changes do not split + locations into different time zones. E.g. prefer `Paris' + to `France', since France has had multiple time zones. + Use traditional English spelling, e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Roma', and + prefer `Athens' to the true name (which uses Greek letters). + The Posix file name restrictions encourage this rule. + Use the most populous among locations in a country's time zone, + e.g. prefer `Shanghai' to `Beijing'. Among locations with + similar populations, pick the best-known location, + e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Milan'. + Use the singular form, e.g. prefer `Canary' to `Canaries'. + Omit common suffixes like `_Islands' and `_City', unless that + would lead to ambiguity. E.g. prefer `Cayman' to + `Cayman_Islands' and `Guatemala' to `Guatemala_City', + but prefer `Mexico_City' to `Mexico' because the country + of Mexico has several time zones. + Use `_' to represent a space. + Omit `.' from abbreviations in names, e.g. prefer `St_Helena' + to `St._Helena'. + + The file `zone.tab' lists the geographical locations used to name + time zone rule files. + + Older versions of this package used a different naming scheme, + and these older names are still supported. + See the file `backwards' for most of these older names + (e.g. `US/Eastern' instead of `America/New_York'). + The other old-fashioned names still supported are + `WET', `CET', `MET', `EET' (see the file `europe'), + and `Factory' (see the file `factory'). + + + ----- Time zone abbreviations ----- + + When this package is installed, it generates time zone abbreviations + like `EST' to be compatible with human tradition and POSIX.1. + Here are the general rules used for choosing time zone abbreviations, + in decreasing order of importance: + + Use abbreviations that consist of 3 or more upper-case Ascii letters, + except use "___" for locations while uninhabited. + Posix.1 requires at least 3 characters, and the restriction to + upper-case Ascii letters follows most traditions. + Previous editions of this database also used characters like + ' ' and '?', but these characters have a special meaning to + the shell and cause commands like + set `date` + to have unexpected effects. In theory, the character set could + be !%./@A-Z^_a-z{}, but these tables use only upper-case + Ascii letters (and "___"). + Use abbreviations that are in common use among English-speakers, + e.g. `EST' for Eastern Standard Time in North America. + We assume that applications translate them to other languages + as part of the normal localization process; for example, + a French application might translate `EST' to `HNE'. + For zones whose times are taken from a city's longitude, use the + traditional xMT notation, e.g. `PMT' for Paris Mean Time. + The only name like this in current use is `GMT'. + If there is no common English abbreviation, abbreviate the English + translation of the usual phrase used by native speakers. + If this is not available or is a phrase mentioning the country + (e.g. ``Cape Verde Time''), then: + + When a country has a single or principal time zone region, + append `T' to the country's ISO code, e.g. `CVT' for + Cape Verde Time. For summer time append `ST'; + for double summer time append `DST'; etc. + When a country has multiple time zones, take the first three + letters of an English place name identifying each zone + and then append `T', `ST', etc. as before; + e.g. `VLAST' for VLAdivostok Summer Time. + + Application writers should note that these abbreviations are ambiguous + in practice: e.g. `EST' has a different meaning in Australia than + it does in the United States. In new applications, it's often better + to use numeric GMT offsets like `-0500' instead of time zone + abbreviations like `EST'; this avoids the ambiguity. =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/africa,v retrieving revision 1997.7 retrieving revision 1997.7.0.1 diff -c -r1997.7 -r1997.7.0.1 *** africa 1997/07/19 17:14:55 1997.7 --- africa 1997/08/29 08:34:24 1997.7.0.1 *************** *** 27,111 **** # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude, # Oxford University Press (1980). # - # I added so many Zone names that the old, mostly flat name space was unwieldy. - # So I renamed the Zones to have the form AREA/LOCATION, where - # AREA is the name of a continent or ocean, and - # LOCATION is the name of a specific location within that region. - # For example, the old zone name `Egypt' is now `Africa/Cairo'. - # - # Here are the general rules I used for choosing location names, - # in decreasing order of importance: - # - # Use only valid Posix file names. Use only Ascii letters, digits, `.', - # `-' and `_'. Do not exceed 14 characters or start with `-'. - # E.g. prefer `Brunei' to `Bandar_Seri_Begawan'. - # Include at least one location per time zone rule set per country. - # One such location is enough. - # If all the clocks in a country's region have agreed since 1970, - # don't bother to include more than one location - # even if subregions' clocks disagreed before 1970. - # Otherwise these tables would become annoyingly large. - # If a name is ambiguous, use a less ambiguous alternative; - # e.g. many cities are named San Jose and Georgetown, so - # prefer `Costa_Rica' to `San_Jose' and `Guyana' to `Georgetown'. - # Keep locations compact. Use cities or small islands, not countries - # or regions, so that any future time zone changes do not split - # locations into different time zones. E.g. prefer `Paris' - # to `France', since France has had multiple time zones. - # Use traditional English spelling, e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Roma', and - # prefer `Athens' to the true name (which uses Greek letters). - # The Posix file name restrictions encourage this rule. - # Use the most populous among locations in a country's time zone, - # e.g. prefer `Shanghai' to `Beijing'. Among locations with - # similar populations, pick the best-known location, - # e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Milan'. - # Use the singular form, e.g. prefer `Canary' to `Canaries'. - # Omit common suffixes like `_Islands' and `_City', unless that - # would lead to ambiguity. E.g. prefer `Cayman' to - # `Cayman_Islands' and `Guatemala' to `Guatemala_City', - # but prefer `Mexico_City' to `Mexico' because the country - # of Mexico has several time zones. - # Use `_' to represent a space. - # Omit `.' from abbreviations in names, e.g. prefer `St_Helena' - # to `St._Helena'. - # - # For time zone abbreviations like `EST' I used the following rules, - # in decreasing order of importance: - # - # Use abbreviations that consist of 3 or more upper-case Ascii letters, - # except use "___" for locations while uninhabited. - # Posix.1 requires at least 3 characters, and the restriction to - # upper-case Ascii letters follows most traditions. - # Previous editions of this database also used characters like - # ' ' and '?', but these characters have a special meaning to - # the shell and cause commands like - # set `date` - # to have unexpected effects. In theory, the character set could - # be !%./@A-Z^_a-z{}, but these tables use only upper-case - # Ascii letters (and "___"). - # Use abbreviations that are in common use among English-speakers, - # e.g. `EST' for Eastern Standard Time in North America. - # We assume that applications translate them to other languages - # as part of the normal localization process; for example, - # a French application might translate `EST' to `HNE'. - # For zones whose times are taken from a city's longitude, use the - # traditional xMT notation, e.g. `PMT' for Paris Mean Time. - # The only name like this in current use is `GMT'. - # If there is no common English abbreviation, abbreviate the English - # translation of the usual phrase used by native speakers. - # If this is not available or is a phrase mentioning the country - # (e.g. ``Cape Verde Time''), then: - # - # When a country has a single or principal time zone region, - # append `T' to the country's ISO code, e.g. `CVT' for - # Cape Verde Time. For summer time append `ST'; - # for double summer time append `DST'; etc. - # When a country has multiple time zones, take the first three - # letters of an English place name identifying each zone - # and then append `T', `ST', etc. as before; - # e.g. `MOSST' for MOScow Summer Time. - # - # # For Africa I invented the following time zone abbreviations. # LMT Local Mean Time # -1:00 AAT Atlantic Africa Time (no longer used) --- 27,32 ---- =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/europe,v retrieving revision 1997.7 retrieving revision 1997.7.0.1 diff -c -r1997.7 -r1997.7.0.1 *** europe 1997/07/19 17:14:57 1997.7 --- europe 1997/08/29 08:34:24 1997.7.0.1 *************** *** 630,647 **** # came into force on 16 November. It restates the dates from the EC # seventh Summer Time Directive.... # ! # From Peter Ilieve <peter(a)aldie.co.uk> (1997-03-28): ! # The [European] Transport Council discussed the proposed Eighth Directive ! # on 11 March and agreed [to] it, so it moves forward to the next stage, ! # from a Commission proposal to a Common Position.... What this means is: ! # ! # - The eighth directive proposal rules have been accepted. ! # These are the same as the current rules (last Sunday in March and last ! # Sunday in October). The rules will run until 2001. ! # ! # - The French have had their request to abandon summer time turned down. ! # They have been promised some sort of review in 1999 which might change ! # the rules for 2000 and 2001. # From Peter Ilieve <peter(a)memex.co.uk> (1994-03-28): # The [GB-Eire] end date of 22 October [1995] conflicts with your current rule --- 630,647 ---- # came into force on 16 November. It restates the dates from the EC # seventh Summer Time Directive.... # ! # From Peter Ilieve <peter(a)aldie.co.uk> (1997-08-06): ! # I now have a copy of the ... Eighth Directive 97/44/EC of the European ! # Parliament and of the Council of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements. ! # It runs for 4 years, 1998--2001, and confirms the current rules of ! # last Sunday in March to last Sunday in October.... ! # The directive does not apply in overseas territories of the Member States. ! # It says the Commission should produce a proposal for 2002 and beyond ! # by 1 Jan 2000 and this should be adopted by 1 Jan 2001. I doubt that ! # this will happen though.... ! # There is no mention of the French desire to abandon the whole idea. ! # France has had a change of government recently so maybe it will ! # be quietly dropped. # From Peter Ilieve <peter(a)memex.co.uk> (1994-03-28): # The [GB-Eire] end date of 22 October [1995] conflicts with your current rule *************** *** 667,678 **** # Also, for lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948. # # Given Peter Ilieve's comments, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect: ! # * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight savings time until # 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. # * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. # It actually just had one transition. ! # * Northern Ireland used single daylight savings time throughout WW II. # Actually, it conformed to Britain. # * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. --- 667,678 ---- # Also, for lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948. # # Given Peter Ilieve's comments, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect: ! # * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until # 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. # * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. # It actually just had one transition. ! # * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. # Actually, it conformed to Britain. # * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. *************** *** 681,687 **** # The following claims by Shanks are possible though doubtful; # we'll ignore them for now. # * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT ! # to daylight savings time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to # conform with Great Britain. # * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. # --- 681,687 ---- # The following claims by Shanks are possible though doubtful; # we'll ignore them for now. # * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT ! # to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to # conform with Great Britain. # * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. # *************** *** 1047,1053 **** 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s ! 1:00 - CET 1982 Oct 11 1:00 EU CE%sT # Bulgaria --- 1047,1053 ---- 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s ! 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 1:00 EU CE%sT # Bulgaria *************** *** 1073,1079 **** 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s ! 1:00 - CET 1982 Oct 11 1:00 EU CE%sT # Czech Republic --- 1073,1079 ---- 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s ! 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 1:00 EU CE%sT # Czech Republic *************** *** 1572,1578 **** 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s ! 1:00 - CET 1982 Oct 11 1:00 EU CE%sT # Malta --- 1572,1578 ---- 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s ! 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 1:00 EU CE%sT # Malta *************** *** 1968,1974 **** 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s ! 1:00 - CET 1982 Oct 11 1:00 EU CE%sT # Spain --- 1968,1974 ---- 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s ! 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 1:00 EU CE%sT # Spain *************** *** 2209,2217 **** 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s # Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj(a)rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of ! # transition to EU rules was 1982-10-11, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. # Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj. ! 1:00 - CET 1982 Oct 11 1:00 EU CE%sT ############################################################################### --- 2209,2217 ---- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s # Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj(a)rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of ! # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. # Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj. ! 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 1:00 EU CE%sT ############################################################################### =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/northamerica,v retrieving revision 1997.5 retrieving revision 1997.5.0.1 diff -c -r1997.5 -r1997.5.0.1 *** northamerica 1997/03/29 17:48:52 1997.5 --- northamerica 1997/08/29 08:34:24 1997.5.0.1 *************** *** 1249,1256 **** -4:00 - AST # Montserrat # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] ! Zone America/Montserrat -4:08:52 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Plymouth -4:00 - AST # Nicaragua --- 1249,1259 ---- -4:00 - AST # Montserrat + # From Paul Eggert (1997-08-29): + # Recent volcanic eruptions have forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital. + # 4:08 is a guess at the longitude of Olveston, the current de facto capital. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] ! Zone America/Montserrat -4:08 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Olveston -4:00 - AST # Nicaragua =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/southamerica,v retrieving revision 1997.5 retrieving revision 1997.5.0.1 diff -c -r1997.5 -r1997.5.0.1 *** southamerica 1997/03/29 17:48:52 1997.5 --- southamerica 1997/08/29 08:34:24 1997.5.0.1 *************** *** 533,539 **** Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Oct 29 0:00 1:00 S Rule Uruguay 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - Rule Uruguay 1990 1991 - Oct Sun>=21 0:00 1:00 S ! Rule Uruguay 1992 1993 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Uruguay 1993 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Montevideo -3:44:44 - LMT 1898 Jun 28 --- 533,541 ---- Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Oct 29 0:00 1:00 S Rule Uruguay 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - Rule Uruguay 1990 1991 - Oct Sun>=21 0:00 1:00 S ! # Shanks's 4th edition (1995) says no DST was observed in 1990/1 and 1991/2, ! # and that 1992/3's DST was from 10-25 to 03-01. Go with IATA. ! Rule Uruguay 1992 only - Oct 18 0:00 1:00 S Rule Uruguay 1993 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Montevideo -3:44:44 - LMT 1898 Jun 28

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FW: Error in timezone data
by Olson, Arthur David Aug. 28, 1997

Aug. 28, 1997

---------- From: Lee Steakley[SMTP:lee_steakley@eagle1.turner.com] Sent: Wednesday, August 27, 1997 4:37 PM To: tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov Subject: Error in timezone data I believe I found an error in the summer-time rules for Uruguay. The latest version of the data (1997g) has the following as the last few lines of the Uruguay rule: Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Mar 12 0:00 0 - Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Oct 29 0:00 1:00 S Rule Uruguay 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - Rule Uruguay 1990 1991 - Oct Sun>=21 0:00 1:00 S Rule Uruguay 1992 1993 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Uruguay 1993 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 - I think the intent is to stop observing summer time after 1993 Feb 28. However, the effect is to keep summer time forever after 1993 Oct. I believe the next-to-last line should read: Rule Uruguay 1992 only - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S That way, the change to standard time on 1993 Feb 28 is the last rule executed. On a personal note, I just want to thank you for going to all the trouble of compiling this vast repository of time zone information. I couldn't imagine trying to pull all this together myself. Thanks also for supplying it so freely to the Internet community.

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Error in timezone data
by Lee Steakley Aug. 27, 1997

Aug. 27, 1997

I believe I found an error in the summer-time rules for Uruguay. The latest version of the data (1997g) has the following as the last few lines of the Uruguay rule: Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Mar 12 0:00 0 - Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Oct 29 0:00 1:00 S Rule Uruguay 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - Rule Uruguay 1990 1991 - Oct Sun>=21 0:00 1:00 S Rule Uruguay 1992 1993 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Uruguay 1993 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 - I think the intent is to stop observing summer time after 1993 Feb 28. However, the effect is to keep summer time forever after 1993 Oct. I believe the next-to-last line should read: Rule Uruguay 1992 only - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S That way, the change to standard time on 1993 Feb 28 is the last rule executed. On a personal note, I just want to thank you for going to all the trouble of compiling this vast repository of time zone information. I couldn't imagine trying to pull all this together myself. Thanks also for supplying it so freely to the Internet community.

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RE: bug in mktime() normalization?
by Olson, Arthur David Aug. 25, 1997

Aug. 25, 1997

Below find changes to localtime.c designed to deal with the situation described by Tom Peterson. The challenge we're faced with is that we don't want to prematurely normalize the tm_sec field in a structure passed to "mktime"--the field might contain a value associated with a leap second. The approach taken below is to first do things without normalizing but, if that fails, to do things using normalization. My check indicates that this approach gives the desired behavior in the example program provided by Tom. --ado *** 7.61/localtime.c Mon Aug 25 13:23:24 1997 --- 7.62/localtime.c Mon Aug 25 13:23:25 1997 *************** *** 5,11 **** #ifndef lint #ifndef NOID ! static char elsieid[] = "@(#)localtime.c 7.61"; #endif /* !defined NOID */ #endif /* !defined lint */ --- 5,11 ---- #ifndef lint #ifndef NOID ! static char elsieid[] = "@(#)localtime.c 7.62"; #endif /* !defined NOID */ #endif /* !defined lint */ *************** *** 134,139 **** --- 134,143 ---- void(*funcp) P((const time_t *, long, struct tm*)), long offset, int * okayp)); + static time_t time2sub P((struct tm *tmp, + void(*funcp) P((const time_t *, + long, struct tm*)), + long offset, int * okayp, int do_norm_secs)); static void timesub P((const time_t * timep, long offset, const struct state * sp, struct tm * tmp)); static int tmcomp P((const struct tm * atmp, *************** *** 1276,1286 **** } static time_t ! time2(tmp, funcp, offset, okayp) struct tm * const tmp; void (* const funcp) P((const time_t*, long, struct tm*)); const long offset; int * const okayp; { register const struct state * sp; register int dir; --- 1280,1291 ---- } static time_t ! time2sub(tmp, funcp, offset, okayp, do_norm_secs) struct tm * const tmp; void (* const funcp) P((const time_t*, long, struct tm*)); const long offset; int * const okayp; + const int do_norm_secs; { register const struct state * sp; register int dir; *************** *** 1293,1298 **** --- 1298,1308 ---- *okayp = FALSE; yourtm = *tmp; + if (do_norm_secs) { + if (normalize_overflow(&yourtm.tm_min, &yourtm.tm_sec, + SECSPERMIN)) + return WRONG; + } if (normalize_overflow(&yourtm.tm_hour, &yourtm.tm_min, MINSPERHOUR)) return WRONG; if (normalize_overflow(&yourtm.tm_mday, &yourtm.tm_hour, HOURSPERDAY)) *************** *** 1421,1426 **** --- 1431,1454 ---- return t; } + static time_t + time2(tmp, funcp, offset, okayp) + struct tm * const tmp; + void (* const funcp) P((const time_t*, long, struct tm*)); + const long offset; + int * const okayp; + { + time_t t; + + /* + ** First try without normalization of seconds + ** (in case tm_sec contains a value associated with a leap second). + ** If that fails, try with normalization of seconds. + */ + t = time2sub(tmp, funcp, offset, okayp, FALSE); + return *okayp ? t : time2sub(tmp, funcp, offset, okayp, TRUE); + } + static time_t time1(tmp, funcp, offset) struct tm * const tmp;

1 0

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Aug. 22, 1997

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1 0

Re: bug in mktime() normalization?
by Paul Eggert Aug. 21, 1997

Aug. 21, 1997

Date: Tue, 19 Aug 97 14:13:13 -0400 From: Tom Peterson (USG) <tomp(a)zk3.dec.com> In mktime(), or rather time2(), I noticed that a change was made a while back which removed the following seconds normalization: ! if (yourtm.tm_sec >= SECSPERMIN + 2 || yourtm.tm_sec < 0) ! normalize(&yourtm.tm_min, &yourtm.tm_sec, SECSPERMIN); Instead, these seconds are now saved aside into saved_seconds and only added back in after an appropriate match is found using the remaining normalized data. This was to handle leap seconds properly. On systems that support leap seocnds, it's incorrect to normalize the seconds count first, since you don't know how many seconds there are per minute until you determine which minutes you're talking about. For example, with leap second support, mktime should adjust an input value of ``1997-07-01 00:00:-1'' UTC (i.e. tm_sec == -1) so that it becomes 1997-06-30 23:59:60 UTC, but with the code above, mktime generated 1997-06-30 23:59:59 UTC which is incorrect. Here's what UNIX98 has to say regarding this: >From your quote it appears that UNIX98 says the same thing that the C Standard says, which is to say, not much. The C Standard spec for mktime is terribly ambiguous and you've found one of the ambiguities. The C Standard says that mktime can return -1 if attempted in the ``spring forward gap'', but it doesn't say how mktime should determine whether one is in the gap. Any user program that messes in this area is relying on behavior that is not guaranteed by any standard. For what it's worth, the GNU C library's mktime agrees with the tz mktime on your example, whereas Solaris 2.5.1 and BSD/OS 3.0 have the other reasonable interpretation (i.e. both mktime invocations yield 575002800).

3 2

bug in mktime() normalization?
by Tom Peterson Aug. 19, 1997

Aug. 19, 1997

Hi all, I've been looking over the time zone package and testing various scenerios. In mktime(), or rather time2(), I noticed that a change was made a while back which removed the following seconds normalization: ! if (yourtm.tm_sec >= SECSPERMIN + 2 || yourtm.tm_sec < 0) ! normalize(&yourtm.tm_min, &yourtm.tm_sec, SECSPERMIN); Instead, these seconds are now saved aside into saved_seconds and only added back in after an appropriate match is found using the remaining normalized data. The question I have is whether this could lead to erroneous rejection of certain tm structs. For example: If the values (other than tm_sec) of an incoming tm struct result in no match from time2()'s binary search, such as a time between a dst change, the struct is rejected and the function returns WRONG. However, the value of tm_sec may have been large enough to push the rest of my tm struct into an acceptible range where a match could have occurred. As with other tm struct members, the value of tm_sec before normalization is not restricted to the range specified in <time.h>. Here's what UNIX98 has to say regarding this: > The mktime() function converts the broken-down time, expressed as > local time, in the structure pointed to by timeptr, into a time since > the Epoch value with the same encoding as that of the values returned > by time(). The original values of the tm_wday and tm_yday components > of the structure are ignored, and the original values of the other > components are not restricted to the ranges described in the <time.h> > entry. > > ... > > Upon successful completion, the values of the tm_wday and tm_yday > components of the structure are set appropriately, and the other > components are set to represent the specified time since the Epoch, > but with their values forced to the ranges indicated in the <time.h> > entry; the final value of tm_mday is not set until tm_mon and tm_year > are determined. Here's an example program: #include <stdio.h> #include <time.h> #include <stdlib.h> void display_tm(void); void run_test(); struct tm tm; time_t mktime_returned; #define TZ_value "ABC0DEF,J81,J300" #define TM_year 1988 #define TM_mon 3 #define TM_mday 22 #define TM_hour1 2 #define TM_hour2 4 #define TM_min 0 #define TM_sec1 7200 #define TM_sec2 0 #define TM_wday -1 #define TM_yday -1 #define TM_isdst -1 main() { putenv("TZ=ABC0DEF,J81,J300"); printf("TZ = %s\n\n", getenv("TZ")); /* same time as below, but tm_hour and tm_sec have not yet been * normalized */ tm.tm_year = TM_year - 1900; tm.tm_mon = TM_mon - 1; tm.tm_mday = TM_mday; tm.tm_hour = TM_hour1; /* un-normalized hour */ tm.tm_min = TM_min; tm.tm_sec = TM_sec1; /* un-normalized seconds */ tm.tm_wday = TM_wday; tm.tm_yday = TM_yday; tm.tm_isdst = TM_isdst; run_test(); printf("\n"); /* same time as above, but tm_hour and tm_sec have already been * normalized */ tm.tm_year = TM_year - 1900; tm.tm_mon = TM_mon - 1; tm.tm_mday = TM_mday; tm.tm_hour = TM_hour2; /* pre-normalized hour */ tm.tm_min = TM_min; tm.tm_sec = TM_sec2; /* pre-normalized seconds */ tm.tm_wday = TM_wday; tm.tm_yday = TM_yday; tm.tm_isdst = TM_isdst; run_test(); } void run_test(void) { printf("tm struct set to:\n"); display_tm(); if ((mktime_returned = mktime(&tm)) == (time_t)-1) { (void)puts("mktime returned -1 (-unknown-)"); } else { printf("mktime returned value = %d\n", (int) mktime_returned); } printf("mktime() final tm struct reset to:\n"); display_tm(); } void display_tm(void) { printf("tm_year = %d, tm_mon = %d, tm_mday = %d, tm_hour = %d, \ tm_min = %d, sec = %d,\nwday = %d, yday = %d, isdst = %d\n", tm.tm_year, tm.tm_mon, tm.tm_mday, tm.tm_hour, tm.tm_min, tm.tm_sec, tm.tm_wday, tm.tm_yday, tm.tm_isdst); } output ====== $ a.out TZ = ABC0DEF,J81,J300 tm struct set to: tm_year = 88, tm_mon = 2, tm_mday = 22, tm_hour = 2, tm_min = 0, sec = 7200, wday = -1, yday = -1, isdst = -1 mktime returned -1 (-unknown-) mktime() final tm struct reset to: tm_year = 88, tm_mon = 2, tm_mday = 22, tm_hour = 2, tm_min = 0, sec = 7200, wday = -1, yday = -1, isdst = -1 tm struct set to: tm_year = 88, tm_mon = 2, tm_mday = 22, tm_hour = 4, tm_min = 0, sec = 0, wday = -1, yday = -1, isdst = -1 mktime returned value = 575002800 mktime() final tm struct reset to: tm_year = 88, tm_mon = 2, tm_mday = 22, tm_hour = 4, tm_min = 0, sec = 0, wday = 2, yday = 81, isdst = 1 $ I would very much appreciate any thoughts concerning this matter and any possible solutions. thanks, - Tom ===================================================================== Tom Peterson | DIGITAL UNIX Development Environment Digital Equipment Corporation | Phone:(603)884-7550 110 Spit Brook Road ZKO3-2/W17 | FAX:(603)881-2257 Nashua, NH 03062-2698 | Email: mailto:tomp@zk3.dec.com

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Re: FW: tztab entries (forwarded with permission)
by Dave Kelly Aug. 13, 1997

Aug. 13, 1997

>From : x>eggert(a)twinsun.com To : dkelly(a)lhr-sys.DHL.COM Subject : Re: FW: tztab entries (forwarded with permission) CC : tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov Date : 13/08/97 00:46 Hi Paul Thanks for your help on this. > Here's what I think you're asking for. If you're interested only in > times now and in the future, then the Olson database contains too many > names, partly because it goes back to 1970 and thus must track > historical changes, and partly because it insists on at least one name > per country. You want just one distinct name for each time zone > future, regardless of country. Yes, this is exactly what we need. > This script assumes that the only thing that > matters about a time zone is its UTC offset; it ignores the time zone > name (e.g. "EST", "EDT") and whether the time is daylight-saving time. Just to reassure me - I assume that futures with the same UTC offsets but with different daylight savings time change dates are considered to be distinct by the script? Can you offer any guidelines on the allocation of canonical names to these futures? The tztab entry on HP-UX does seem to follow a convention of <zone name><offset><dst zone name>, e.g.: GMT0BST, WET0WETDST, PST8PDT, CST-9:30CDT but there appear to be different variations of these, e.g. for Central Europe I could use CET-2CEST or CET-2CETDST (and that's without considering MEDST, MEST, MESZ, METDST). Also "CST" is used in China/Australia/US. What would you recommend as the most common set? Thanks again for the help Dave Kelly

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FW: tztab entries (forwarded with permission)
by Olson, Arthur David Aug. 13, 1997

Aug. 13, 1997

---------- From: Dave Kelly[SMTP:dkelly@lhr-sys.DHL.COM] Sent: Monday, August 11, 1997 2:30 PM To: ibilling(a)lhr-sys.DHL.COM; ado(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov Subject: tztab entries Hello There I wonder if you might be able to help... We are building a reference database in which one of the attributes of a "site" is the timezone in which the site is located. We decided to use the HP-UX timezone name from the tztab file as a reference to a timezone since it seemed as good as anything else. We have now realised that the entries we have as default in tztab are far from complete. Do you know where we could get hold of a tztab file which has a complete list of entries? We are only interested in modern (future) entries, but we are interested in the whole global set. We do not want to maintain multiple tztab entries for countries which use the same zone - i.e. we want to have a single entry for all the countries which use CET/CEST. I have found the tzcode and tzdata files but these do not link to a particular "name" of a timezone such as GMT0BST or CET-1CEST. It would obviously make sense to use something that already exists. Hope you can help or offer some advice Thank you and regards Dave Kelly DHL Worldwide Express dkelly(a)lhr-sys.dhl.com

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Aug. 12, 1997

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Millennium update: Caroline Islands to be renamed
by Eric Ulevik Aug. 12, 1997

Aug. 12, 1997

>From a story in the Sydney Morning Herald 12 August 1997: * The Government of Kiribati is going to rename the Carolines to Millennium * The Old Royal Observatory in Greenwich says the Millennium arrives first at the Balleny Islands off Antartica - 2h2m before the Carolines Regards, Eric Ulevik

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FW: Eighth EC Directive approved
by Olson, Arthur David Aug. 6, 1997

Aug. 6, 1997

---------- From: peter@aldie.co.uk[SMTP:peter@aldie.co.uk] Sent: Wednesday, August 06, 1997 2:38 PM To: tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov Subject: Eighth EC Directive approved I now have a copy of the eighth summer time directive, as published in the Official Journal. It is titled: Eighth Directive 97/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements. It runs for 4 years, 1998--2001, and confirms the current rules of last Sunday in March to last Sunday in October, ie: 1998: 29 March to 25 October 1999: 28 March to 31 October 2000: 26 March to 29 October 2001: 25 March to 28 October (it does give the actual dates). The directive does not apply in overseas territories of the Memmber States. It says the Commision should produce a proposal for 2002 and beyond by 1 Jan 2000 and this should be adopted by 1 Jan 2001. I doubt that this will happen though. This Eighth Directive was supposed to be adopted by 1 Jan 1997 and I doubt that summer-time arrangements will be top of the Commission's priority list as the new millennium dawns. There is no mention of the French desire to abandon the whole idea. France has had a change of government recently so maybe it will be quietly dropped. More and more EU stuff is now on the WWW but I can't find this yet. It may be that Directives won't appear in order to make you buy the Official Journal. It may appear at the European Parliament's site (http://www.europarl.eu.int/, select language, Subject Index, Texts Adopted: Provisional edition, and search) but it only goes up to 18 July at present. Peter Ilieve peter(a)aldie.co.uk

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Eighth EC Directive approved
by peter＠aldie.co.uk Aug. 6, 1997

Aug. 6, 1997

I now have a copy of the eighth summer time directive, as published in the Official Journal. It is titled: Eighth Directive 97/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements. It runs for 4 years, 1998--2001, and confirms the current rules of last Sunday in March to last Sunday in October, ie: 1998: 29 March to 25 October 1999: 28 March to 31 October 2000: 26 March to 29 October 2001: 25 March to 28 October (it does give the actual dates). The directive does not apply in overseas territories of the Memmber States. It says the Commision should produce a proposal for 2002 and beyond by 1 Jan 2000 and this should be adopted by 1 Jan 2001. I doubt that this will happen though. This Eighth Directive was supposed to be adopted by 1 Jan 1997 and I doubt that summer-time arrangements will be top of the Commission's priority list as the new millennium dawns. There is no mention of the French desire to abandon the whole idea. France has had a change of government recently so maybe it will be quietly dropped. More and more EU stuff is now on the WWW but I can't find this yet. It may be that Directives won't appear in order to make you buy the Official Journal. It may appear at the European Parliament's site (http://www.europarl.eu.int/, select language, Subject Index, Texts Adopted: Provisional edition, and search) but it only goes up to 18 July at present. Peter Ilieve peter(a)aldie.co.uk

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comments on DHCP time zone draft (draft-ietf-dhc-timezone-03.txt)
by Paul Eggert Aug. 1, 1997

Aug. 1, 1997

Here are some comments on your document: DHCP Option for IEEE 1003.1 POSIX Timezone Specifications ftp://ds.internic.net/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-dhc-timezone-03.txt (1997-07-30) * The draft allows only time zone settings that conform to POSIX.1. However, in practice, these settings are not enough to satisfy many real-world applications, for the following reasons: - Due to politics, time zone rules change with time, and POSIX settings cannot capture these changes. For example, last year the time zone in Sri Lanka changed from +0530 to +0630 on May 25, and then to +0600 on Oct 26. POSIX rules cannot represent the time in Sri Lanka last year. - Some countries use periodic rules that cannot be represented by POSIX rules. Examples include Israel (which uses rules based on the Jewish calendar) and Iran (the Persian calendar). Again, POSIX rules cannot represent changes like these, except for one or two transitions at a time. - Many hosts use the Olson extension to POSIX.1 <ftp://elsie/nci/nih/gov/pub/tz/> The draft gives no way to specify time zone rules using the Olson extension, and so these hosts cannot be configured as desired. The Olson time zone settings are upward compatible with POSIX.1. They are widely used in practice: the source code and tables are public domain, and they are supported by many types of hosts, including BSD, HPUX, Irix, Linux, Network Appliance, Sun, and Unixware. Therefore I propose that the draft be changed to also allow time zone settings that conform to the Olson extension to POSIX.1. Perhaps the DHCP server could reply with both an Olson setting (for clients that support the Olson extension) and a POSIX.1 setting (for clients that don't). * There are several discrepancies between the latest POSIX.1 spec for TZ format and the DHCP time zone draft. They should be removed by copying the latest POSIX.1 spec's wording more carefully. Here are some example discrepancies. - The `,' and `[' before `start' should be interchanged. In other words, `stdoffset[dst[offset],[start[/time],end[/time]]]' should be `stdoffset[dst[offset][,start[/time],end[/time]]]'. - The current POSIX spec places an upper bound of {TZNAME_MAX} on the length of a time zone designation like "EST"; the draft does not have this limit. - The current POSIX spec does not allow null characters in a time zone designation. - The current POSIX spec allows hour=24. - The current POSIX spec explicitly says that day 0 is Sunday. * The example for the Eastern USA time zone, 1986 is unrealistic. In practice, people want to avoid changing their time zone settings every year, so they rarely use Julian day rules. Here is a better set of examples (subject to change at any time by political events): Eastern USA from 1987: EST5EDT,M4.1.0,M10.5.0 EST (-0500) during winter EDT (-0400) during summer summer time from the 1st Sunday in April at 02:00 to the last Sunday in October at 02:00 Central European Union from 1996: CET-1CEST,M3.5.0/1,M10.5.0/2 CET (+0100) during winter CEST (+0200) during summer summer time from the last Sunday in March at 01:00 to the last Sunday in October at 02:00 Arizona from 1968: MST7 MST (-0700) all year Tasmania from 1991: EST-10EST,M10.1.0/2,M3.5.0/3 EST (+1000) during winter (``Eastern Standard Time'') EST (+1100) during summer (``Eastern Summer Time'') summer time from the the first Sunday in October at 02:00 to the last Sunday in March at 03:00 Cook Islands from 1979: CKT-10CKST-10:30,M10.5.0/0,M3.1.0/0 CKT (+1000) during winter CKST (+1030) during summer summer time from the first Sunday in October at 00:00 to the first Sunday in March at 00:00 Line Islands from 1995: LINT-14 LINT (+1400) all year If you accept my suggestion for the Olson extension, here are some more examples (which should be valid indefinitely): Eastern USA: America/New_York Central European Union: Europe/Brussels Arizona: America/Phoenix Tasmania: Australia/Hobart Cook Islands: Pacific/Rarotonga Line Islands, Kiribati: Pacific/Kiritimati * Please consider adding the following references: ftp://ds.internic.net/internet-drafts/draft-newman-datetime-01.txt contains a proposed procedure for IANA registration of time zone names, and uses the Olson extension as its basis. ftp://elsie/nci/nih/gov/pub/tz/ contains public-domain code and data for the Olson extension to the POSIX time zone strings. The current version of POSIX.1 is: ISO/IEC 9945-1: 1996 (ANSI/IEEE Std 1003.1, 1996) Information technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) -- Part 1: System Application Program Interface (API) [C Language] (1996-07-12), section 8.1.1, Extensions to Time Functions * Terminology. The usual terms are `time zone' (not `timezone') and `daylight-saving time' (not `daylight savings time'). The draft should be reworked to use the usual terms. POSIX.1 currently uses `summer time' (the British term) instead of `daylight-saving time' (the American term). Whichever term is used, the draft should mention its equivalence to the other term.

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Time zone for the German all year antarctic station
by Wilhelm Mueller July 23, 1997

July 23, 1997

A friend of mine started working with the Alfred-Wegener-Institut, the German Institute for Polar and Ocean Research. So I aked him if he couldn't find out about the time used at the Georg-Neumayer-Station. Here's the answer, directly from the station leader (oheudeck is my friend's account at the AWI): > From: neumayer (Stationsleiter) > To: oheudeck > Subject: Mail from Neumayer Station Jul 23 1997 02:59 > Date: Wed, 23 Jul 1997 02:59:06 +0200 > > Sehr geehrter Herr Heudecker, > selbstverstaendlich werden alle Fragen sofort beantwortet. > Wir haben hier auf der Station ganzjaehrig, also ohne Sommerzeitregelungen, > die utc-Zeit. Wir sind im Sommer mit unserer Tageszeit zwei Stunden hinter > der bremerhavenener Ortszeit zurueck, im Winter nur eine Stunde. Dies entspricht > zwar nicht ganz den geographischen Gegebenheiten, spielt aber hier nicht so die > Rolle. [...] Translation (text in [] is from me): Dear Mr. Heudecker, of course all questions will be answered immediately. We have here at the station all over the year, that is, daylight saving time rules do not apply, UTC. In summer [that must refer to the Northern hemisphere] our time of day is two hours behind Bremerhaven [the city where the AWI administration and main facilities are located] local time, in winter just one. This does not correspond to geographic facts, but is not of much concern here. Yours, W. Müller -- "I don't object to sex before marriage, but two minutes before?!?" -- *************************************************** Der Senator für Bau, Verkehr und Stadtentwicklung Referat 43 (Dienststelle Schlachte 32) Wilhelm Müller Tel: +49-421-361-10629 Ansgaritorstraße 2 Fax: +49-421-361-2295 D-28195 Bremen, Germany Bits KeyID Fingerprint 2048 C2F0A2D1 B1452644 DEBB647F 94AA3DA9 01608E0A 1024 9548B531 AE9AD94C 978ABC3F 4B25B52B 1E752137 512 48B324ED 885C3131 DDF53740 DB7F9421 2A5431EE

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