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May 2007

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27 discussions

New Zealand Daylight Saving change
by Mark Davies May 2, 2007

May 2, 2007

In case this hasn't been reported yet: The New Zealand Government has just extended the period that Daylight Savings applies for in New Zealand. It will now be from the last Sunday in Sept through first Sunday in April. See: http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Inde… Which leads to the following change to the australasia file I believe: --- australasia 2007-04-03 02:11:34.000000000 +1200 +++ australasia.new 2007-05-02 13:08:24.000000000 +1200 @@ -348,10 +348,14 @@ Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D -Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D -Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D -Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S -Rule Chatham 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S +Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D +Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S +Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S +Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D +Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S +Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 cheers mark

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proposed tz changes for Haiti, Turks&Caicos, New Zealand, Caprivi
by Paul Eggert May 1, 2007

May 1, 2007

Thanks for all those heads-ups about New Zealand. In nosing around the web I think Haiti has probably changed to not use DST, so let's go with that change too (it's the most pressing, as it affects today's time stamps). Here are all the changes that I have accumulated, not counting the proposed zic.c change already discussed. Changes affecting current time stamps: * Haiti no longer observes DST. (Thanks to Stephen Colebourne for this.) Changes affecting past and future time stamps: * The Turks and Caicos switch at 02:00, not at 00:00, and have adopted US DST rules. (Thanks to Chris Dunn and Brian Inglis for this.) Changes affecting future time stamps only: * New Zealand is extending DST, starting later this year. (Thanks to Colin Sharples and many others for this info.) Changes affecting commentary only: * The Caprivi Strip unofficially does not observe DST, but we currently have no further details. (Thanks to Petronella Sibeene for this.) =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/africa,v retrieving revision 2007.1 retrieving revision 2007.1.0.1 diff -pu -r2007.1 -r2007.1.0.1 --- africa 2007/01/08 17:24:41 2007.1 +++ africa 2007/05/01 23:50:26 2007.1.0.1 @@ -416,6 +416,20 @@ Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Ma # Namibia # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. + +# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in +# <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>: +# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other +# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there +# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of +# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of +# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest +# of the country. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31): +# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but +# we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. + # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/australasia,v retrieving revision 2007.4 retrieving revision 2007.4.0.1 diff -pu -r2007.4 -r2007.4.0.1 --- australasia 2007/03/20 12:48:12 2007.4 +++ australasia 2007/05/01 23:50:26 2007.4.0.1 @@ -348,10 +348,14 @@ Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D -Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D -Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D -Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S -Rule Chatham 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S +Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D +Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S +Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S +Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D +Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D +Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S +Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 @@ -1146,6 +1150,12 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. +# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): +# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the +# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning +# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. +# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Dayl… + ############################################################################### =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/northamerica,v retrieving revision 2007.5 retrieving revision 2007.5.0.1 diff -pu -r2007.5 -r2007.5.0.1 --- northamerica 2007/04/02 14:11:26 2007.5 +++ northamerica 2007/05/01 23:50:26 2007.5.0.1 @@ -2325,6 +2325,9 @@ Zone America/Guatemala -6:02:04 - LMT 19 # # The reason seems to be an energy crisis. +# From Stephen Colebourne (2007-02-22): +# Some IATA info: Haiti won't be having DST in 2007. + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Haiti 1983 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 D @@ -2334,8 +2337,8 @@ Rule Haiti 1983 1987 - Oct lastSun 0:00 # Go with IATA. Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D Rule Haiti 1988 1997 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 S -Rule Haiti 2005 max - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Haiti 2005 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S +Rule Haiti 2005 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule Haiti 2005 2006 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 - LMT 1890 -4:49 - PPMT 1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT @@ -2518,13 +2521,31 @@ Zone America/St_Vincent -4:04:56 - LMT 1 -4:00 - AST # Turks and Caicos -# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# +# From Chris Dunn in +# <http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=415007> +# (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the +# daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match +# the recent U.S. change of dates. +# +# From Brian Inglis (2007-04-28): +# http://www.turksandcaicos.tc/calendar/index.htm [2007-04-26] +# there is an entry for Nov 4 "Daylight Savings Time Ends 2007" and three +# rows before that there is an out of date entry for Oct: +# "Eastern Standard Times Begins 2007 +# Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time" +# indicating that the normal ET rules are followed. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2006-05-01): # Shanks & Pottenger say they use US DST rules, but IATA SSIM (1991/1998) -# says they switch at midnight. Go with IATA SSIM. +# says they switch at midnight. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. +# # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule TC 1979 1986 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 D -Rule TC 1979 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 S -Rule TC 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D +Rule TC 1979 1986 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D +Rule TC 1979 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule TC 1987 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule TC 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D +Rule TC 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890 -5:07:12 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/tz-art.htm,v retrieving revision 2006.11 retrieving revision 2006.11.0.1 diff -pu -r2006.11 -r2006.11.0.1 --- tz-art.htm 2006/08/21 13:56:09 2006.11 +++ tz-art.htm 2007/05/01 23:50:26 2006.11.0.1 @@ -178,6 +178,56 @@ Richard Teitelbaum, modular moog and mic <tr><td>Notes</td><td>Includes the song "Central Standard Time." Thanks to Colin Bowern for this information.</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:7ddovwvla9xk">AMG Rating</a></td><td>2.5 stars</td></tr> <tr><td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td>Artist</td><td>Coldplay</td></tr> +<tr><td>Song</td><td>Clocks</td></tr> +<tr><td>Copyright Date</td><td>2003</td></tr> +<tr><td>Label</td><td>Capitol Records</td></tr> +<tr><td>ID</td><td>52608</td></tr> +<tr><td>Total Time</td><td>4:13</td></tr> +<tr><td>Notes</td><td>Won the 2004 Record of the Year honor at the +Grammy Awards. Co-written and performed by Chris Martin, +great-great-grandson of DST inventor William Willett. The song's first +line is "Lights go out and I can't be saved".</td></tr> +<td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td>Artist</td><td>Irving Kahal and Harry Richman</td></tr> +<tr><td>Song</td><td>There Ought to be a Moonlight Saving Time</td></tr> +<tr><td>Copyright Date</td><td>1931</td> +<tr><td>Notes</td><td>This musical standard was a #1 hit for Guy Lombardo +in 1931, and was also performed by Maurice Chevalier, Blossom Dearie +and many others. The phrase "Moonlight saving time" also appears in +the 1995 country song "Not Enough Hours in the Night" written by Aaron +Barker, Kim Williams and Rob Harbin and performed by Doug +Supernaw.</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td>TV episode title</td><td>The Lost Hour</td> +<tr><td>TV series</td><td>Eerie, Indiana</td> +<tr><td>TV episode number</td><td>10</td> +<tr><td>Network</td><td>NBC</td> +<tr><td>Air date</td><td>1991-12-01</td> +<tr><td>Notes</td><td>Despite Indiana's then-lack of DST, Marshall changes his clock with unusual consequences.</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td>TV episode title</td><td>Time Tunnel</td> +<tr><td>TV series</td><td>The Adventures of Pete & Pete</td> +<tr><td>TV episode number</td><td>5, season 2</td> +<tr><td>Network</td><td>Nickelodeon</td> +<tr><td>Air date</td><td>1994-10-23</td> +<tr><td>Notes</td><td>The two Petes travel back in time an hour on the day that DST ends.</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td></tr> + +<tr><td>TV episode title</td><td>King-Size Homer</td> +<tr><td>TV series</td><td>The Simpsons</td> +<tr><td>TV episode number</td><td>135</td> +<tr><td>Network</td><td>Fox</td> +<tr><td>Air date</td><td>1995-11-05</td> +<tr><td>Notes</td><td>Homer, working from home, remarks "8:58, first +time I've ever been early for work. Except for all those daylight +savings days. Lousy farmers."</td></tr> +<tr><td> </td></tr> + <tr><td>Artist</td><td>Jules Verne</td></tr> <tr><td>Book</td><td>Le Tour du Monde en Quatre-Vingts Jours (Around the World in Eighty Days)</td></tr>

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FW: Changes to New Zealand TZ rules for 2007+
by Olson, Arthur David (NIH/NCI) [E] May 1, 2007

May 1, 2007

I'm forwarding this message from Will Mooar, who is not on the time zone mailing list. Those of you who are on the time zone mailing list should direct replies appropriately. --ado From: Will Mooar [mailto:will.mooar@tait.co.nz] Sent: Monday, April 30, 2007 10:41 PM To: tz(a)lecserver.nci.nih.gov Subject: Re: Changes to New Zealand TZ rules for 2007+ Further to my ealier info, I have finally managed to find an official notice on a NZ government website. http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Inde… The site goes on to explain that the Chathams stays in sync with any NZ times, but in advance by 45mins. So in short, both NZ and the Chathams need the TZ files to be updated. Cheers Will Will Mooar wrote: Hi there Thanks for your wonder TZ database, it's a real, um, time saver! Here are the changes I gleaned from this article: http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/411368/1088906. I hope I have got the rules right! Unfortunately I cannot yet locate an official document stating the changes, but maybe you may be able to? File: australasia, New Zealand section Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D (end date changed) Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D (end date changed) Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S (end date changed) Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S (end date changed) Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D (added) Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D (added) Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S (added) Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S (added) I have assumed the DST changes relate to both NZ and the Chathams and have updated the table to match, but can't verify this. Kind regards Will ________________________________________ # @(#)australasia 8.6 # <pre> # This file also includes Pacific islands. # Notes are at the end of this file ############################################################################### # Australia # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # Northern Territory Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 9:00 - CST 1899 May 9:30 Aus CST # Western Australia # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 8:00 AW WST Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 8:45 AW CWST # Queensland # # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after # Queensland ceased to. # # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, # so use Lindeman. # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 10:00 Aus EST 1971 10:00 AQ EST Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 10:00 Aus EST 1971 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 10:00 Holiday EST # South Australia # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 9:00 - CST 1899 May 9:30 Aus CST 1971 9:30 AS CST # Tasmania # # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AT 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 10:00 Aus EST 1967 10:00 AT EST Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 10:00 AT EST # Victoria # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AV 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 10:00 Aus EST 1971 10:00 AV EST # New South Wales # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 10:00 Aus EST 1971 10:00 AN EST Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 9:00 - CST 1899 May 9:30 Aus CST 1971 9:30 AN CST 2000 9:30 AS CST # Lord Howe Island # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - Rule LH 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 10:30 LH LHST # Australian miscellany # # Ashmore Is, Cartier # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers # no times are set # # Coral Sea Is # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists # no times are set # # Macquarie # permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; # sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 # like Australia/Hobart # Christmas # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time # Cook Is # From Shanks & Pottenger: # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time -10:00 Cook CK%sT # Cocos # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time # Fiji # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time # French Polynesia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; # it is uninhabited. # Guam # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time # Kiribati # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time -11:00 - PHOT 1995 13:00 - PHOT Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time -10:00 - LINT 1995 14:00 - LINT # N Mariana Is # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time # Marshall Is # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 12:00 - MHT Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 12:00 - MHT # Micronesia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 12:00 - KOST 1999 11:00 - KOST # Nauru # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 12:00 - NRT # New Caledonia # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 11:00 NC NC%sT ############################################################################### # New Zealand # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no # convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 12:00 NZ NZ%sT Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT # Auckland Is # uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, # and scientific personnel have wintered # Campbell I # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 # scientific station operated 1941/1995; # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered # was probably like Pacific/Auckland ############################################################################### # Niue # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 -11:00 - NUT # Norfolk # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time # Palau (Belau) # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time # Papua New Guinea # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time # Pitcairn # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time # American Samoa Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa # Samoa Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time -11:00 - WST # Samoa Time # Solomon Is # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time # Tokelau Is # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time # Tonga # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 13:00 - TOT 1999 13:00 Tonga TO%sT # Tuvalu # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time # US minor outlying islands # Howland, Baker # uninhabited since World War II # no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago # Jarvis # uninhabited since 1958 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati # Johnston # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST # Kingman # uninhabited # Midway # # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): # [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, # published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] # reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly # "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting # flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone # designations that I've never seen before:.... # Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. # " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " # Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa # Palmyra # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati # Wake # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time # Vanuatu # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time # Wallis and Futuna # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time ############################################################################### # NOTES # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). # # Gwillim Law writes that a good source # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries # of the IATA's data after 1990. # # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. # # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which # I found in the UCLA library. # # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). # # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. # Corrections are welcome! # std dst # LMT Local Mean Time # 8:00 WST WST Western Australia # 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* # 9:00 JST Japan # 9:30 CST CST Central Australia # 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia # 10:00 ChST Chamorro # 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* # -11:00 SST Samoa # -10:00 HST Hawaii # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* # # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. ############################################################################### # Australia # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia # </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): # <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/commun…"> # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales # </a> covers New South Wales in particular. # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. # It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the # abbreviation does _not_ change... # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses # the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight # time'. # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' # or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: # CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 # WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 # EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 # From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): # I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: # <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> # And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> # From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" # versus "AEST" etc.: # # I see the following points of dispute: # # * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? # # Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris # Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper # operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity # (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian # Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. # In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique # abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't # think it's that important to cater to such software these days. # # On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous # abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is # particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for # time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. # # * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? # # Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in # many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about # which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard # Time, for example. # # Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to # refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a # tiebreaker. # # * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern # Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with # the word "Australian"? # # My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are # common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more # popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more # often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the # following count of page hits: # # 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au # 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au # 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au # 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au # # Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", # particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, # say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer # Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. # # For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of # ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and # many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here # are the hit counts anyway: # # 161,304 "EST" and domain:au # 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au # 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au # 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au # # 14,538 "CST" and domain:au # 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au # 176 "ACST" and domain:au # 29 "ACDT" and domain:au # # 7,539 "WST" and domain:au # 68 "AWST" and domain:au # # This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in # practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given # the ambiguities involved. # # * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? # # If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 # against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, # saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and # understood in Australia. # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 # and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): # # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more # relevant entries in this database. # # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) # </a> # ACT # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 # </a> # SA # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> # Standard Time Act, 1898 # </a> # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. # # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan # to extend DST together in 2006. # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255… # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles # allude to it. # But not Queensland # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. # Northern Territory # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. # ... # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. # Western Australia # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus # # before reaching parliament. # ... # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST # ... # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at # work at 9.00am.) # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse # everybody again. # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; # it matches what was used in the past. # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ # </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. # Queensland # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] # # [ Dec 1990 ] # ... # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST # ... # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from # October 1989). # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised # me.) # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... # ... # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S # ... # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning # from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): # WA are trialing DST for three years. # <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA5482572…> # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South # Australia and Western Australia.... # # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): # This is confirmed by the section entitled # "What's the deal with time zones???" in # <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. # # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern # coast of the continent. # # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is # the largest population centre in this zone.... # # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. # # (2006-12-09): # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the # introduction of standard time in 1895. # South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): # The rules from version 7.1 follow. # There are lots of differences between these rules and # the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules # and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on # current DST ending dates, no worries. # # Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - # Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun>=18 2:00 1:00 - # Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 - # Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - # Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 - # Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST # Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST # Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00 # 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun>=15 3:00 # 10:00 Oz EST # From Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct... # that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the # original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states # that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic). # The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think # that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain. # South Australia # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # ... # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST # ... # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival # is on... # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. # Tasmania # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia # (but nothing new about that). # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 # instead of the first Sunday in October. # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 # Victoria # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located # in Melbourne, Australia. # # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the # expected time. # # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. # # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au # New South Wales # From Arthur David Olson: # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. # Based on law library research by John Mackin, # who notes: # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the # individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the # legislation. This is very important to understand. # I have researched New South Wales time only... # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual # October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, # <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> # Two months more daylight saving # </a> # Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): # See the following official NSW source: # <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/t…"> # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. # </a> # # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of # daylight saving next year. See: # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving # </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. # # Victoria will following NSW. See: # <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> # Vic to extend daylight saving # </a> (1999-07-28). # # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request # </a> (1999-07-19). # # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics # </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying # ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' # # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> # Broken Hill to be behind the times # </a> (1999-07-21). # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW # towns to use Queensland time. # Yancowinna # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): # `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] # # [ Dec 1990 ] # ... # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not # # presently available. # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST # ... # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C # [followed by other Rules] # Lord Howe Island # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] # [ Dec 1990 ] # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an # hour ahead of NSW time. # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour # instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. ############################################################################### # New Zealand # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). # source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # ... # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S # ... # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 # rather than the October 1 value. # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. # # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. # # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. ############################################################################### # Fiji # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. # From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to # improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it # also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific # islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new # millenium. # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. # Johnston # Johnston data is from usno1995. # Kiribati # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati # ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. # Kwajalein # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. # N Mariana Is, Guam # Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; # see Asia/Manila. # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". # Micronesia # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), # ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' # # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in # <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information # </a> (1999-01-26) # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. # Midway # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to # air at 6am your time. # # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years # in Midway, but we have no record of it. # Pitcairn # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. # # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known # as Pitcairn Standard Time. # # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation # somehow in light of this proclamation. # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 # ... at midnight. # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. # Samoa # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' # Tonga # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle # <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> # How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' # </a>: # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). # # Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince # Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. # # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 # minutes we have lost?" # # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth # to say your prayers in the morning." # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan # Government. # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): # * Tonga will introduce DST in November # # I was given this link by John Letts: # <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm # </a> # # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead # (12 + 1 hour DST). # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): # According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html> # http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html # </a>: # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and # set back an hour on the closing date." # Alas, no indication of the time of day. # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. # (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one # hour to 1:00am. # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. # Wake # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): # # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost # impossible. # # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. ############################################################################### # The International Date Line # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): # # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. # # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the # correct date is ambiguous. # From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's # entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many # independent merchant ships until World War II. # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen # (2005-03-20): # # The American Practical Navigator (2002) # <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in # international waters; it ignores the international date line.

1 0

FW: Changes to New Zealand TZ rules for 2007+
by Olson, Arthur David (NIH/NCI) [E] May 1, 2007

May 1, 2007

I'm forwarding this message from Will Mooar, who is not on the time zone mailing list. Those of you who are on the time zone mailing list should direct replies appropriately. --ado -----Original Message----- From: Will Mooar [mailto:will.mooar@tait.co.nz] Sent: Monday, April 30, 2007 10:17 PM To: tz(a)lecserver.nci.nih.gov Subject: Changes to New Zealand TZ rules for 2007+ Hi there Thanks for your wonder TZ database, it's a real, um, time saver! Here are the changes I gleaned from this article: http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/411368/1088906. I hope I have got the rules right! Unfortunately I cannot yet locate an official document stating the changes, but maybe you may be able to? File: australasia, New Zealand section Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D (end date changed) Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D (end date changed) Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S (end date changed) Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S (end date changed) Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D (added) Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D (added) Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S (added) Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S (added) I have assumed the DST changes relate to both NZ and the Chathams and have updated the table to match, but can't verify this. Kind regards Will ======================================================================= This email, including any attachments, is only for the intended addressee. It is subject to copyright, is confidential and may be the subject of legal or other privilege, none of which is waived or lost by reason of this transmission. If the receiver is not the intended addressee, please accept our apologies, notify us by return, delete all copies and perform no other act on the email. Unfortunately, we cannot warrant that the email has not been altered or corrupted during transmission. ======================================================================= # @(#)australasia 8.6 # <pre> # This file also includes Pacific islands. # Notes are at the end of this file ############################################################################### # Australia # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # Northern Territory Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 9:00 - CST 1899 May 9:30 Aus CST # Western Australia # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 8:00 AW WST Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 8:45 AW CWST # Queensland # # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after # Queensland ceased to. # # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, # so use Lindeman. # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 10:00 Aus EST 1971 10:00 AQ EST Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 10:00 Aus EST 1971 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 10:00 Holiday EST # South Australia # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 9:00 - CST 1899 May 9:30 Aus CST 1971 9:30 AS CST # Tasmania # # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AT 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 10:00 Aus EST 1967 10:00 AT EST Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 10:00 AT EST # Victoria # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AV 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 10:00 Aus EST 1971 10:00 AV EST # New South Wales # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 10:00 Aus EST 1971 10:00 AN EST Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 9:00 - CST 1899 May 9:30 Aus CST 1971 9:30 AN CST 2000 9:30 AS CST # Lord Howe Island # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - Rule LH 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 10:30 LH LHST # Australian miscellany # # Ashmore Is, Cartier # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers # no times are set # # Coral Sea Is # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists # no times are set # # Macquarie # permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; # sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 # like Australia/Hobart # Christmas # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time # Cook Is # From Shanks & Pottenger: # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time -10:00 Cook CK%sT # Cocos # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time # Fiji # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time # French Polynesia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; # it is uninhabited. # Guam # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time # Kiribati # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time -11:00 - PHOT 1995 13:00 - PHOT Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time -10:00 - LINT 1995 14:00 - LINT # N Mariana Is # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time # Marshall Is # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 12:00 - MHT Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 12:00 - MHT # Micronesia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 12:00 - KOST 1999 11:00 - KOST # Nauru # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 12:00 - NRT # New Caledonia # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 11:00 NC NC%sT ############################################################################### # New Zealand # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no # convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 12:00 NZ NZ%sT Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT # Auckland Is # uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, # and scientific personnel have wintered # Campbell I # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 # scientific station operated 1941/1995; # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered # was probably like Pacific/Auckland ############################################################################### # Niue # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 -11:00 - NUT # Norfolk # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time # Palau (Belau) # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time # Papua New Guinea # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time # Pitcairn # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time # American Samoa Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa # Samoa Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time -11:00 - WST # Samoa Time # Solomon Is # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time # Tokelau Is # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time # Tonga # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 13:00 - TOT 1999 13:00 Tonga TO%sT # Tuvalu # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time # US minor outlying islands # Howland, Baker # uninhabited since World War II # no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago # Jarvis # uninhabited since 1958 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati # Johnston # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST # Kingman # uninhabited # Midway # # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): # [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, # published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] # reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly # "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting # flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone # designations that I've never seen before:.... # Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. # " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " # Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa # Palmyra # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati # Wake # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time # Vanuatu # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time # Wallis and Futuna # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time ############################################################################### # NOTES # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). # # Gwillim Law writes that a good source # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries # of the IATA's data after 1990. # # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. # # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which # I found in the UCLA library. # # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). # # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. # Corrections are welcome! # std dst # LMT Local Mean Time # 8:00 WST WST Western Australia # 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* # 9:00 JST Japan # 9:30 CST CST Central Australia # 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia # 10:00 ChST Chamorro # 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* # -11:00 SST Samoa # -10:00 HST Hawaii # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* # # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. ############################################################################### # Australia # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia # </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): # <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/commun…"> # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales # </a> covers New South Wales in particular. # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. # It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the # abbreviation does _not_ change... # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses # the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight # time'. # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' # or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: # CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 # WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 # EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 # From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): # I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: # <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> # And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> # From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" # versus "AEST" etc.: # # I see the following points of dispute: # # * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? # # Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris # Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper # operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity # (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian # Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. # In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique # abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't # think it's that important to cater to such software these days. # # On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous # abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is # particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for # time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. # # * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? # # Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in # many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about # which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard # Time, for example. # # Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to # refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a # tiebreaker. # # * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern # Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with # the word "Australian"? # # My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are # common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more # popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more # often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the # following count of page hits: # # 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au # 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au # 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au # 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au # # Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", # particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, # say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer # Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. # # For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of # ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and # many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here # are the hit counts anyway: # # 161,304 "EST" and domain:au # 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au # 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au # 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au # # 14,538 "CST" and domain:au # 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au # 176 "ACST" and domain:au # 29 "ACDT" and domain:au # # 7,539 "WST" and domain:au # 68 "AWST" and domain:au # # This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in # practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given # the ambiguities involved. # # * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? # # If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 # against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, # saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and # understood in Australia. # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 # and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): # # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more # relevant entries in this database. # # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) # </a> # ACT # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 # </a> # SA # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> # Standard Time Act, 1898 # </a> # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. # # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan # to extend DST together in 2006. # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255… # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles # allude to it. # But not Queensland # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. # Northern Territory # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. # ... # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. # Western Australia # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus # # before reaching parliament. # ... # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST # ... # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at # work at 9.00am.) # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse # everybody again. # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; # it matches what was used in the past. # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ # </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. # Queensland # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] # # [ Dec 1990 ] # ... # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST # ... # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from # October 1989). # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised # me.) # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... # ... # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S # ... # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning # from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): # WA are trialing DST for three years. # <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA5482572…> # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South # Australia and Western Australia.... # # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): # This is confirmed by the section entitled # "What's the deal with time zones???" in # <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. # # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern # coast of the continent. # # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is # the largest population centre in this zone.... # # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. # # (2006-12-09): # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the # introduction of standard time in 1895. # South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): # The rules from version 7.1 follow. # There are lots of differences between these rules and # the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules # and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on # current DST ending dates, no worries. # # Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - # Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun>=18 2:00 1:00 - # Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 - # Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - # Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 - # Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST # Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST # Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00 # 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun>=15 3:00 # 10:00 Oz EST # From Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct... # that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the # original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states # that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic). # The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think # that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain. # South Australia # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # ... # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST # ... # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival # is on... # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. # Tasmania # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia # (but nothing new about that). # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 # instead of the first Sunday in October. # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 # Victoria # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located # in Melbourne, Australia. # # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the # expected time. # # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. # # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au # New South Wales # From Arthur David Olson: # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. # Based on law library research by John Mackin, # who notes: # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the # individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the # legislation. This is very important to understand. # I have researched New South Wales time only... # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual # October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, # <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> # Two months more daylight saving # </a> # Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): # See the following official NSW source: # <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/t…"> # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. # </a> # # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of # daylight saving next year. See: # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving # </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. # # Victoria will following NSW. See: # <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> # Vic to extend daylight saving # </a> (1999-07-28). # # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request # </a> (1999-07-19). # # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics # </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying # ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' # # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> # Broken Hill to be behind the times # </a> (1999-07-21). # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW # towns to use Queensland time. # Yancowinna # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): # `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] # # [ Dec 1990 ] # ... # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not # # presently available. # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST # ... # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C # [followed by other Rules] # Lord Howe Island # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] # [ Dec 1990 ] # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an # hour ahead of NSW time. # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour # instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. ############################################################################### # New Zealand # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). # source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # ... # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S # ... # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 # rather than the October 1 value. # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. # # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. # # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. ############################################################################### # Fiji # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. # From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to # improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it # also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific # islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new # millenium. # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. # Johnston # Johnston data is from usno1995. # Kiribati # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati # ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. # Kwajalein # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. # N Mariana Is, Guam # Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; # see Asia/Manila. # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". # Micronesia # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), # ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' # # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in # <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information # </a> (1999-01-26) # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. # Midway # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to # air at 6am your time. # # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years # in Midway, but we have no record of it. # Pitcairn # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. # # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known # as Pitcairn Standard Time. # # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation # somehow in light of this proclamation. # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 # ... at midnight. # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. # Samoa # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' # Tonga # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle # <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> # How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' # </a>: # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). # # Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince # Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. # # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 # minutes we have lost?" # # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth # to say your prayers in the morning." # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan # Government. # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): # * Tonga will introduce DST in November # # I was given this link by John Letts: # <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm # </a> # # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead # (12 + 1 hour DST). # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): # According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html> # http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html # </a>: # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and # set back an hour on the closing date." # Alas, no indication of the time of day. # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. # (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one # hour to 1:00am. # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. # Wake # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): # # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost # impossible. # # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. ############################################################################### # The International Date Line # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): # # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. # # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the # correct date is ambiguous. # From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's # entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many # independent merchant ships until World War II. # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen # (2005-03-20): # # The American Practical Navigator (2002) # <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in # international waters; it ignores the international date line. ======================================================================= This email, including any attachments, is only for the intended addressee. It is subject to copyright, is confidential and may be the subject of legal or other privilege, none of which is waived or lost by reason of this transmission. If the receiver is not the intended addressee, please accept our apologies, notify us by return, delete all copies and perform no other act on the email. Unfortunately, we cannot warrant that the email has not been altered or corrupted during transmission. =======================================================================

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FW: Daylight Savings Change in New Zealand
by Olson, Arthur David (NIH/NCI) [E] May 1, 2007

May 1, 2007

I'm forwarding this message from Jim Pye, who is not on the time zone mailing list. Those of you who are on the time zone mailing list should direct replies appropriately. --ado -----Original Message----- From: Jim Pye [mailto:jim.pye@pyenet.co.nz] Sent: Monday, April 30, 2007 6:34 PM To: tz(a)lecserver.nci.nih.gov Subject: Daylight Savings Change in New Zealand Just to let you know that it has been announced that the NZ Govt has announced that the New Zealand Daylight Savings time is being extended for the 2007-2008 summer season. Clocks will go forward an hour a week earlier than usual - on the last Sunday in September- and back an hour on the first Sunday in April. Please check out: http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-D aylight-saving-to-be-extended?OpenDocument or shorter form: http://tinyurl.com/3alozw For the official details. Cheers Jim -- Jim Pye PyeNet Universal http://www.pyenet.co.nz

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FW: New Zealand DST changes
by Olson, Arthur David (NIH/NCI) [E] May 1, 2007

May 1, 2007

I'm forwarding this message from Colin Sharples, who is not on the time zone mailing list. Those of you who are on the time zone mailing list should direct replies appropriately. --ado -----Original Message----- From: Colin Sharples [mailto:sharples@nz1.ibm.com] Sent: Monday, April 30, 2007 5:53 PM To: tz(a)lecserver.nci.nih.gov Subject: New Zealand DST changes Hi, New Zealand has announced changes to its DST schedule. DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning that DST will begin on 30 Sep 2007 and end on 6 Apr 2008. http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-D aylight-saving-to-be-extended?OpenDocument Regards Colin M Sharples Advisory IT Specialist, IBM Global Business Services, New Zealand Invited Member, A/NZ Technical Experts Council email: sharples(a)nz.ibm.com phone: 64-4-462-3363 mobile: 64-21-402085 fax: 64-4-463-3310

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Changes to New Zealand TZ rules for 2007+
by Will Mooar May 1, 2007

May 1, 2007

Hi there Thanks for your wonder TZ database, it's a real, um, time saver! Here are the changes I gleaned from this article: http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/411368/1088906. I hope I have got the rules right! Unfortunately I cannot yet locate an official document stating the changes, but maybe you may be able to? File: australasia, New Zealand section Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D (end date changed) Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D (end date changed) Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S (end date changed) Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S (end date changed) Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D (added) Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D (added) Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S (added) Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S (added) I have assumed the DST changes relate to both NZ and the Chathams and have updated the table to match, but can't verify this. Kind regards Will ======================================================================= This email, including any attachments, is only for the intended addressee. It is subject to copyright, is confidential and may be the subject of legal or other privilege, none of which is waived or lost by reason of this transmission. If the receiver is not the intended addressee, please accept our apologies, notify us by return, delete all copies and perform no other act on the email. Unfortunately, we cannot warrant that the email has not been altered or corrupted during transmission. ======================================================================= # @(#)australasia 8.6 # <pre> # This file also includes Pacific islands. # Notes are at the end of this file ############################################################################### # Australia # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # Northern Territory Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 9:00 - CST 1899 May 9:30 Aus CST # Western Australia # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 8:00 AW WST Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 8:45 AW CWST # Queensland # # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after # Queensland ceased to. # # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, # so use Lindeman. # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 10:00 Aus EST 1971 10:00 AQ EST Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 10:00 Aus EST 1971 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 10:00 Holiday EST # South Australia # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AS 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 9:00 - CST 1899 May 9:30 Aus CST 1971 9:30 AS CST # Tasmania # # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AT 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 10:00 Aus EST 1967 10:00 AT EST Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 10:00 AT EST # Victoria # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AV 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 10:00 Aus EST 1971 10:00 AV EST # New South Wales # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - Rule AN 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 10:00 Aus EST 1971 10:00 AN EST Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 9:00 - CST 1899 May 9:30 Aus CST 1971 9:30 AN CST 2000 9:30 AS CST # Lord Howe Island # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - Rule LH 2007 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 10:30 LH LHST # Australian miscellany # # Ashmore Is, Cartier # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers # no times are set # # Coral Sea Is # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists # no times are set # # Macquarie # permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; # sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 # like Australia/Hobart # Christmas # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time # Cook Is # From Shanks & Pottenger: # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time -10:00 Cook CK%sT # Cocos # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time # Fiji # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time # French Polynesia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; # it is uninhabited. # Guam # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time # Kiribati # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time -11:00 - PHOT 1995 13:00 - PHOT Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time -10:00 - LINT 1995 14:00 - LINT # N Mariana Is # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time # Marshall Is # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 12:00 - MHT Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 12:00 - MHT # Micronesia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 12:00 - KOST 1999 11:00 - KOST # Nauru # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 12:00 - NRT # New Caledonia # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 11:00 NC NC%sT ############################################################################### # New Zealand # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no # convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 12:00 NZ NZ%sT Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT # Auckland Is # uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, # and scientific personnel have wintered # Campbell I # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 # scientific station operated 1941/1995; # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered # was probably like Pacific/Auckland ############################################################################### # Niue # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 -11:00 - NUT # Norfolk # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time # Palau (Belau) # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time # Papua New Guinea # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time # Pitcairn # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time # American Samoa Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa # Samoa Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time -11:00 - WST # Samoa Time # Solomon Is # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time # Tokelau Is # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time # Tonga # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 13:00 - TOT 1999 13:00 Tonga TO%sT # Tuvalu # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time # US minor outlying islands # Howland, Baker # uninhabited since World War II # no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago # Jarvis # uninhabited since 1958 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati # Johnston # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST # Kingman # uninhabited # Midway # # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): # [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, # published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] # reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly # "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting # flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone # designations that I've never seen before:.... # Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. # " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " # Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa # Palmyra # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati # Wake # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time # Vanuatu # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time # Wallis and Futuna # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time ############################################################################### # NOTES # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). # # Gwillim Law writes that a good source # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries # of the IATA's data after 1990. # # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. # # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which # I found in the UCLA library. # # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). # # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. # Corrections are welcome! # std dst # LMT Local Mean Time # 8:00 WST WST Western Australia # 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* # 9:00 JST Japan # 9:30 CST CST Central Australia # 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia # 10:00 ChST Chamorro # 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* # -11:00 SST Samoa # -10:00 HST Hawaii # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* # # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. ############################################################################### # Australia # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia # </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): # <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/commun…"> # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales # </a> covers New South Wales in particular. # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. # It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the # abbreviation does _not_ change... # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses # the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight # time'. # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' # or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: # CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 # WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 # EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 # From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): # I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: # <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> # And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> # From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" # versus "AEST" etc.: # # I see the following points of dispute: # # * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? # # Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris # Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper # operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity # (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian # Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. # In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique # abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't # think it's that important to cater to such software these days. # # On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous # abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is # particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for # time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. # # * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? # # Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in # many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about # which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard # Time, for example. # # Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to # refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a # tiebreaker. # # * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern # Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with # the word "Australian"? # # My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are # common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more # popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more # often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the # following count of page hits: # # 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au # 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au # 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au # 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au # # Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", # particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, # say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer # Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. # # For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of # ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and # many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here # are the hit counts anyway: # # 161,304 "EST" and domain:au # 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au # 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au # 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au # # 14,538 "CST" and domain:au # 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au # 176 "ACST" and domain:au # 29 "ACDT" and domain:au # # 7,539 "WST" and domain:au # 68 "AWST" and domain:au # # This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in # practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given # the ambiguities involved. # # * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? # # If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 # against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, # saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and # understood in Australia. # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 # and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): # # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more # relevant entries in this database. # # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) # </a> # ACT # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 # </a> # SA # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> # Standard Time Act, 1898 # </a> # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. # # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan # to extend DST together in 2006. # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255… # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles # allude to it. # But not Queensland # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. # Northern Territory # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. # ... # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. # Western Australia # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus # # before reaching parliament. # ... # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST # ... # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at # work at 9.00am.) # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse # everybody again. # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; # it matches what was used in the past. # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ # </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. # Queensland # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] # # [ Dec 1990 ] # ... # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST # ... # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from # October 1989). # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised # me.) # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... # ... # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S # ... # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning # from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): # WA are trialing DST for three years. # <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA5482572…> # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South # Australia and Western Australia.... # # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): # This is confirmed by the section entitled # "What's the deal with time zones???" in # <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. # # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern # coast of the continent. # # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is # the largest population centre in this zone.... # # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. # # (2006-12-09): # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the # introduction of standard time in 1895. # South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): # The rules from version 7.1 follow. # There are lots of differences between these rules and # the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules # and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on # current DST ending dates, no worries. # # Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - # Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun>=18 2:00 1:00 - # Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 - # Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - # Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 - # Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST # Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST # Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00 # 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun>=15 3:00 # 10:00 Oz EST # From Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct... # that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the # original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states # that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic). # The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think # that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain. # South Australia # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # ... # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST # ... # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival # is on... # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. # Tasmania # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia # (but nothing new about that). # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 # instead of the first Sunday in October. # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 # Victoria # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located # in Melbourne, Australia. # # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the # expected time. # # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. # # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au # New South Wales # From Arthur David Olson: # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. # Based on law library research by John Mackin, # who notes: # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the # individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the # legislation. This is very important to understand. # I have researched New South Wales time only... # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual # October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, # <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> # Two months more daylight saving # </a> # Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): # See the following official NSW source: # <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/t…"> # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. # </a> # # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of # daylight saving next year. See: # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving # </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. # # Victoria will following NSW. See: # <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> # Vic to extend daylight saving # </a> (1999-07-28). # # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request # </a> (1999-07-19). # # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics # </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying # ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' # # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> # Broken Hill to be behind the times # </a> (1999-07-21). # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW # towns to use Queensland time. # Yancowinna # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): # `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] # # [ Dec 1990 ] # ... # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not # # presently available. # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST # ... # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C # [followed by other Rules] # Lord Howe Island # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] # [ Dec 1990 ] # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an # hour ahead of NSW time. # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour # instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. ############################################################################### # New Zealand # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). # source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] # ... # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S # ... # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 # rather than the October 1 value. # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. # # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. # # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. ############################################################################### # Fiji # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. # From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to # improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it # also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific # islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new # millenium. # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. # Johnston # Johnston data is from usno1995. # Kiribati # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati # ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. # Kwajalein # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. # N Mariana Is, Guam # Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; # see Asia/Manila. # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". # Micronesia # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), # ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' # # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in # <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information # </a> (1999-01-26) # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. # Midway # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to # air at 6am your time. # # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years # in Midway, but we have no record of it. # Pitcairn # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. # # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known # as Pitcairn Standard Time. # # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation # somehow in light of this proclamation. # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 # ... at midnight. # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. # Samoa # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' # Tonga # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle # <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> # How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' # </a>: # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). # # Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince # Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. # # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 # minutes we have lost?" # # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth # to say your prayers in the morning." # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan # Government. # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): # * Tonga will introduce DST in November # # I was given this link by John Letts: # <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm # </a> # # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead # (12 + 1 hour DST). # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): # According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html> # http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html # </a>: # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and # set back an hour on the closing date." # Alas, no indication of the time of day. # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. # (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one # hour to 1:00am. # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. # Wake # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): # # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost # impossible. # # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. ############################################################################### # The International Date Line # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): # # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. # # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the # correct date is ambiguous. # From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's # entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many # independent merchant ships until World War II. # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen # (2005-03-20): # # The American Practical Navigator (2002) # <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in # international waters; it ignores the international date line. ======================================================================= This email, including any attachments, is only for the intended addressee. It is subject to copyright, is confidential and may be the subject of legal or other privilege, none of which is waived or lost by reason of this transmission. If the receiver is not the intended addressee, please accept our apologies, notify us by return, delete all copies and perform no other act on the email. 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