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another proposol to fix the zic -l bug
by Ulrich Drepper Jan. 20, 1998

Jan. 20, 1998

Hi, could the appended patch be considered for the next tzcode release? It is an IMO cleaner rewrite since it preserve the old semantic and allows the symlink function (which isn't available on SysV) be skipped by defining a simple symbol. Thanks, -- Uli ---------------. drepper at gnu.org ,-. Rubensstrasse 5 Ulrich Drepper \ ,-------------------' \ 76149 Karlsruhe/Germany Cygnus Solutions `--' drepper at cygnus.com `------------------------ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Index: zic.c =================================================================== RCS file: /egcs/carton/cvsfiles/libc/time/zic.c,v retrieving revision 1.22 diff -c -r1.22 zic.c *** zic.c 1997/12/22 20:49:08 1.22 --- zic.c 1998/01/20 23:09:26 *************** *** 601,610 **** if (!itsdir(toname)) (void) remove(toname); if (link(fromname, toname) != 0) { ! if (mkdirs(toname) != 0) ! (void) exit(EXIT_FAILURE); ! if (link(fromname, toname) != 0) { ! const char *e = strerror(errno); (void) fprintf(stderr, _("%s: Can't link from %s to %s: %s\n"), --- 601,623 ---- if (!itsdir(toname)) (void) remove(toname); if (link(fromname, toname) != 0) { ! int failure = errno; ! if (failure == ENOENT) ! if (mkdirs(toname) != 0) ! failure = errno; ! else if (link(fromname, toname) == 0) ! failure = 0; ! else ! failure = errno; ! #ifndef MISSING_SYMLINK ! if (failure == EXDEV) ! if (symlink(fromname, toname) != 0) ! failure = errno; ! else ! failure = 0; ! #endif ! if (failure) { ! const char *e = strerror(failure); (void) fprintf(stderr, _("%s: Can't link from %s to %s: %s\n"),

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Re: libc/413: "zic -l" fails (cross-device link)
by Zack Weinberg Jan. 18, 1998

Jan. 18, 1998

The appended patch should fix the problem you reported. I am not certain that this fix is the right one, and am cc:ing the tz maintainers for comments. zw Sun Jan 18 16:37:02 1998 Zack Weinberg <zack(a)rabi.phys.columbia.edu> * time/zic.c (dolink): Try symlink() if link() fails with EXDEV. --- zic.c.old Sun Jan 18 16:27:39 1998 +++ zic.c Sun Jan 18 16:36:29 1998 @@ -600,10 +600,10 @@ */ if (!itsdir(toname)) (void) remove(toname); + if (mkdirs(toname) != 0) + (void) exit(EXIT_FAILURE); if (link(fromname, toname) != 0) { - if (mkdirs(toname) != 0) - (void) exit(EXIT_FAILURE); - if (link(fromname, toname) != 0) { + if (errno != EXDEV || symlink(fromname, toname) != 0) { const char *e = strerror(errno); (void) fprintf(stderr,

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FW: zic using hardlinks:-(
by Olson, Arthur David Jan. 17, 1998

Jan. 17, 1998

Andreas Jaeger is not on the time zone list; be sure to include Andreas in any reply. --ado ---------- From: Andreas Jaeger[SMTP:aj@arthur.rhein-neckar.de] Sent: Thursday, January 15, 1998 3:34 PM To: tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov Subject: zic using hardlinks:-( Hi, I received the following bug report for GNU libc. Jochen says that using a hard link doesn't work for his system since /etc and /usr/share are on different filesystems. zic is from tzcode1997h. I see three possibilities: - changing the link call in zic.c to symlink. - if link fails with error EXDEV (oldpath and newpath are not on the same filesystem) retry with a symlink. - leave it the way it is. Should symbolic links used in general or only for localtime? Andreas -- Andreas Jaeger aj(a)arthur.rhein-neckar.de >Number: 413 >Category: libc >Synopsis: `zic -l' tries to hard link a file between different disk partitions >Confidential: no >Severity: non-critical >Priority: low >Responsible: libc-gnats >State: open >Class: sw-bug >Submitter-Id: unknown >Arrival-Date: Thu Jan 15 07:32:17 EST 1998 >Last-Modified: >Originator: Jochen Voss >Organization: Department of Mathematics, University of Kaiserslautern/Germany >Release: libc-2.0.6 >Environment: Host type: i486-pc-linux-gnu System: Linux tatonka 2.0.33 #2 Fri Jan 9 20:20:45 MET 1998 i486 Architecture: i486 Addons: localedata crypt linuxthreads Build CFLAGS: -O3 -m486 -fomit-frame-pointer Build CC: gcc -B$(common-objpfx) Build shared: yes Build profile: no Build omitfp: no Stdio: libio >Description: The command "zic -l MET" should set the local time zone by linking the file "/usr/share/zoneinfo/MET" to "/etc/localtime". It uses a hard link for this purpose. On my system this fails, because the directories "/etc" and "/usr/share/zoneinfo" are located on different disk partitions on my system. This results in the output zic: Kann nicht von /usr/share/zoneinfo/MET nach /etc/localtime linken: Ungltiger Link ber Gertegrenzen hinweg when I execaute the above command (obviously I use `LANG=de'). >How-To-Repeat: Find a system, which uses disk partitions as described above, and execute the command "zic -l MET". >Fix: Modify the code in "time/zic.c" to use symlinks (if available) or to copy the file if the hard link fails. >Audit-Trail: >Unformatted:

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tzcode1998b.tar.gz and tzdata1998b.tar.gz
by Olson, Arthur David Jan. 17, 1998

Jan. 17, 1998

The files ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzcode1998.tar.gz and ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata1998.tar.gz are now available. The only changes from previous versions are URL cleanups and additions. --ado

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changes for "southamerica"
by Rodrigo Feher Jan. 17, 1998

Jan. 17, 1998

Hi, Reading "southamerica" file in timezone 7.55 I've found an error. Line 193 say "Territory of Acre". It is not a territory anymore but a state. - rf

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zic using hardlinks:-(
by Andreas Jaeger Jan. 15, 1998

Jan. 15, 1998

Hi, I received the following bug report for GNU libc. Jochen says that using a hard link doesn't work for his system since /etc and /usr/share are on different filesystems. zic is from tzcode1997h. I see three possibilities: - changing the link call in zic.c to symlink. - if link fails with error EXDEV (oldpath and newpath are not on the same filesystem) retry with a symlink. - leave it the way it is. Should symbolic links used in general or only for localtime? Andreas -- Andreas Jaeger aj(a)arthur.rhein-neckar.de

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Re: (SC22WG20.2163) ISO 8601:1998 draft (Time and date notation)
by Alain LaBont\i\ Jan. 14, 1998

Jan. 14, 1998

A 18:32 13/01/98 +0000, Markus Kuhn a écrit : >Dear friends of standard time notations! > >Please have a look at > > http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/8601v03.pdf [Alain] : Thanks for the info. I'll have a careful look... A priori, I believe that we should deprecate the truncated form removing the century-related data out of the date... Please, if you do not hear from me because I would be too busy, make that comment to the editor (on my behalf with my permission, if necessary). I'm sure it will be said, but who knows? We know why it should be depreacted... for about 2 decades (and I'm optimistic) at least, this will be more than prudent! I wish all computers all competed with Deep Blue, but unfortunately that's not the case... Alain LaBonté Québec

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Australian Time Legislation
by Eric Ulevik Jan. 14, 1998

Jan. 14, 1998

I'm not sure if this was sent before... Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more relevant entries in this database. NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html ACT http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/consol_act/stasta1972279/i ndex.html SA http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html Regards, Eric Ulevik

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"prior to"
by Alex LIVINGSTON Jan. 14, 1998

Jan. 14, 1998

Can the three-syllable, two-word, pretentious Bureauspeak "prior to" please be eliminated from all tz-file comments and documentation (unless it's a quote) and universally replaced by the two-syllable, one-word "before" of identical meaning? _______________ Alex LIVINGSTON Macintosh Support Information Technology (IT) Australian Graduate School of Management (AGSM) The University of New South Wales (UNSW) [Sydney] NSW 2052 AUSTRALIA E-mail : alex(a)agsm.unsw.edu.au; cit(a)agsm.unsw.edu.au (IT) Facsimile: +61 2 9931-9349 Telephone: +61 2 9931-9264 Time : UTC + 10 (Sun. Mar. 25-31 - Sat. Oct. 24-30) or 11 hours

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ISO 8601:1998 draft
by Markus Kuhn Jan. 13, 1998

Jan. 13, 1998

Dear friends of standard time notations! Please have a look at http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/8601v03.pdf Feel free to debug this forthcoming revision of the ISO date and time notation standard. I can forward any suggestions that you might have to the editor. If you have any suggestions, please formulate them as editing instructions, i.e. suggest the exact formulation that you would like to see in the standard. Markus -- Markus G. Kuhn, Security Group, Computer Lab, Cambridge University, UK email: mkuhn at acm.org, home page: <http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/>

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tzcode1998a.tar.gz and tzdata1998.tar.gz
by Olson, Arthur David Jan. 13, 1998

Jan. 13, 1998

The files ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzcode1998a.tar.gz and ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata1998a.tar.gz are now available. These incorporate the changes circulated on the time zone mailing list by Paul Eggert. --ado

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proposed tz patch for Israel, U.K., magic number glitch, etc.
by Paul Eggert Jan. 12, 1998

Jan. 12, 1998

Here's a patch for the tz code and data that contains the following proposed changes: * Thanks to Ephraim Silverberg, we have Israel's draft 1998 rules. (I altered the guess for Israel after 1998 to match.) * Thanks to Peter Ilieve and Joseph Myers, we have a more detailed history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. I've spruced up the GB-Eire tables to match the legislation's wording more closely; this should not cause any change in tz's behavior, as it should be purely documentary. * localtime.c mishandles tzfile.h's new magic number format; it adds `sizeof tzhp->tzh_reserved' where `sizeof tzhp->tzh_magic + sizeof tzhp->tzh_reserved' is intended. The patch below attempts to immunize the code against future changes like that by using each field offset directly. * zic.c contains some statement nestings that will run afoul of GCC 2.8.0's new warnings about confusing if-then-else whenever 2.8.0 finally comes out. * Fixes for some HTML typos regarding white space and quoting. The patched WWW.htm should conform to the new HTML 4.0 strict DTD. =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/asia,v retrieving revision 1997.11 retrieving revision 1997.11.0.1 diff -u -r1997.11 -r1997.11.0.1 --- asia 1997/12/29 14:53:41 1997.11 +++ asia 1998/01/13 06:51:53 1997.11.0.1 @@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ # Iran # From Paul Eggert (1996-12-17), following up a suggestion by Rich Wales: # Ahmea Alavi in -# <a href=http://tehran.stanford.edu/Iran_Lib/Calendar/taghveem.txt> +# <a href="http://tehran.stanford.edu/Iran_Lib/Calendar/taghveem.txt"> # http://tehran.stanford.edu/Iran_Lib/Calendar/taghveem.txt (1993-08-04) # </a> # writes ``Daylight saving time in Iran starts from the first day @@ -506,7 +506,8 @@ Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S -# From Ephraim Silverberg (ephraim(a)cs.huji.ac.il) 1997-03-04: +# From Ephraim Silverberg <ephraim(a)cs.huji.ac.il> +# (1997-03-04 and 1997-12-31): # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. @@ -547,16 +548,18 @@ # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 -# (with the dates for 1997 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: +# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: # # ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz # -# The dates for 1997 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. -# No changes have been made regarding 1998 as of yet. -# +# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. # The official announcement for the year 1997 can be viewed at: # # ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1997.ps.gz +# +# According to the Office of the Spokeswoman for the Ministry of Interior, +# the dates for 1998 are tentative and are still subject to final approval +# (probably in late February/early March of 1998). # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D @@ -564,14 +567,14 @@ Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Zion 1998 only - Oct 18 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S -# From Paul Eggert (1997-03-15): +# From Paul Eggert (1998-01-12): # Here are guesses for rules after 1998. # They are probably wrong, but they are more likely than no DST at all. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Zion 1999 max - Mar Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 D -Rule Zion 1999 max - Sep Sun>=15 0:00 0 S +Rule Zion 1999 max - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880 @@ -777,7 +780,7 @@ # Mongolia # Shanks says that Mongolia has three time zones, but usno1995 and -# <a href=http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/802389h.gif> +# <a href="http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/802389h.gif"> # http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/802389h.gif (1995) # </a> # both say that it has just one. @@ -886,7 +889,7 @@ # Sri Lanka # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): -# <a href=http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html> +# <a href="http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html"> # http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html (1996-05-24) # </a> # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at @@ -895,7 +898,7 @@ # # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted # in -# <a href=news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> +# <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net"> # news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net (1996-10-26): # </a> # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 @@ -987,11 +990,11 @@ 5:00 - UZT # Uzbekistan Time # Shanks has Tashkent using DST after 1991, but usno1995 says they don't. # Guess no DST after 1991. -# <a href=http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/802389h.gif> +# <a href="http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/802389h.gif"> # http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/802389h.gif (1995) # </a> # says that Uzbekistan has two time zones, but a cable -# <a href=http://www.itaiep.doc.gov/bisnis/cables/960510uz.html> +# <a href="http://www.itaiep.doc.gov/bisnis/cables/960510uz.html"> # http://www.itaiep.doc.gov/bisnis/cables/960510uz.html (1996-05-10) # </a> # from the American Embassy in Tashkent implies that they have just one. =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/europe,v retrieving revision 1997.11 retrieving revision 1997.11.0.1 diff -u -r1997.11 -r1997.11.0.1 --- europe 1997/12/29 14:53:41 1997.11 +++ europe 1998/01/13 06:51:53 1997.11.0.1 @@ -141,299 +141,355 @@ # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in # politics making a fortune, not computing. -# From Peter Ilieve <peter(a)memex.co.uk> (1993-09-03): -# -# Our Government...couldn't...make a decision after the 1989 consultation -# exercise about the UK changing its timezone so it just let things drift -# (different from deciding to keep the status quo). According to the -# Summer Time Order 1992 (SI 1992/1729) the dates of Summer Time for 1993 -# and 1994 are: -# Start End -# 1993 28 March 24 October -# 1994 27 March 23 October -# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT. -# -# There [was] an error in your tables for the start and end times prior to 1981. -# The UK always used to change at 02:00 GMT. In 1981 it changed to 01:00 GMT -# as a part of EC harmonisation and has remained at that time since. -# -# I have found the default algorithm for UK Summer Time, it is in the -# Summer Time Act 1972. Section 1 states that in the absence of an Order -# in Council Summer Time starts at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day -# after the third Saturday in March, unless that day is Easter Day, in -# which case it is the morning of the day after the second Saturday. -# It ends at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day after the fourth Saturday -# in October. (All the redundant `morning of the day ...' is in the Act.) -# This is only of passing interest now as it will always be overridden by -# an Order in Council (a Statutory Instrument, the SI thing mentioned above) -# to specify the EC specified dates. - -# From Peter Ilieve <peter(a)memex.co.uk> (1993-10-18): -# -# My contact in the Ministry of Defence Public Relations department -# accepted the challenge of looking into this and produced the following, -# from Hansard (the official record of the UK Parliament), Oral Answers, -# 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60: -# -# `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home -# Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals -# regarding double summer time. -# -# [two other similar questions omitted] -# -# Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have -# considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of -# double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the -# maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday, -# when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that -# double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter -# Sunday, but in the night of Sunday- Monday so that it will operate from -# Monday, 2nd April.' - # From Chris Carrier <72157.3334(a)CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14): # I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the # acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." -# From Peter Ilieve <peter(a)memex.co.uk> (1993-09-03): +# From Peter Ilieve <peter(a)aldie.co.uk> (1998-01-12): +# The following list attempts to show the complete history of Summer Time +# legislation in the United Kingdom, and has quite a bit to say about +# the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well. +# +# Things that I have not personally seen are marked (???). Things that +# I haven't seen but Joseph Myers has are marked (jsm). The problem +# with finding old Orders (rather than Acts) is that nobody seems to +# keep the actual documents themselves, not even the Government. They +# get bound into annual volumes, which are published, but by the time +# this happens the Orders are mainly spent as the years they refer +# to have come and gone, so they don't get included in the annual +# volumes. +# +# Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out +# the dusty old statutes, to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence, +# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining +# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter), +# and to Joseph Myers <jsm28(a)cam.ac.uk>, who tracked down the Orders +# up to 1945, some of the old Acts, and the first five EC Directives. +# +# Some definitions: +# +# Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales +# United Kingdom: Great Britain plus Ireland (up to 1922) or Northern +# Ireland (since 1922) +# S.I.: Statutory Instrument, the modern name for secondary legislation +# S.R.&O.: Statutory Rules and Orders, the older name for secondary legislation +# +# Unless otherwise specified, Acts and secondary legislation are assumed +# to apply throughout the United Kingdom, but not to the Isle of Man +# or the Channel Islands. +# +# Some of the Acts and Orders I found in various libraries, and I don't +# have copies. When I looked at them I was looking for dates and not things +# like whether they applied to the Bailiwick of Jersey. I will try to +# check these documents again. +# +# --- +# +# - The Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880 (43 & 44 Vict. c. 9) +# +# Defined Greenwich mean time to be the standard time in Great Britain +# and Dublin mean time to be the standard time in Ireland, superseding +# various forms of local mean time. +# +# - The Statutory Time Act, 1883 (???) +# +# An Act of Tynwald, the Isle of Man Parliament. It appears to have +# defined the standard time on the Isle of Man as GMT but as I haven't +# seen it I don't know if it used Greenwich mean time, some other definition, +# or just said that Isle of Man time would be the same as in Great Britain. +# +# - The Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914 (4 & 5 Geo. 5. c. 62) (???) +# +# Gives the power, by Order in Council, to extend wartime legislation +# to the Isle of Man. +# +# - The Summer Time Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 14) +# +# Introduced Summer Time for the first time, in Great Britain and Ireland. +# Specified a one hour offset from GMT (DMT in Ireland), dates of +# Sunday 21 May and Sunday 1 October and times of 02:00 (GMT/DMT). +# Gave a power to make Orders in subsequent years, for the duration +# of the then current war. +# +# - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 45) +# +# This abolished Dublin mean time at 02:00 DMT on Sunday 1 October 1916, +# bringing the whole of the United Kingdom onto GMT. As Ireland was behind +# GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct Great Britain had already put the clocks back. +# Using Paul Eggert's suggestion of IST for Irish Summer Time and the figure +# derived from Whitman for the offset of IST from GMT (00:34:39) the sequence +# would have been: +# Dublin London +# 02:34:38 IST 02:59:59 BST +# 02:34:39 IST 02:00:00 GMT +# 02:59:59 IST 02:25:20 GMT +# 02:25:21 GMT 02:25:21 GMT +# with the transition 03:00:00 IST -> 02:00:00 DMT -> 02:25:21 GMT all at once. +# +# - S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 +# +# An Order made under the Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914 +# extending the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man. Dated +# 23 May 1916, two days after the start of Summer Time, but it says that +# the Act is deemed to have taken effect in the Isle of Man at the same +# time as it took effect in the United Kingdom. +# +# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 362 +# +# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates +# for Summer Time in 1917 of Sunday 8 April to Monday 17 September, +# both at 02:00 GMT. Note that Summer Time ends on a Monday. +# +# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 +# +# An Order made under the Summer Time (Isle of Man) Act, 1916 +# (the thing created by S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382) specifying the same +# dates of 8 April to 17 September, at 02:00 GMT for the Isle of Man. # -# > # Current rules -# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST -# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT -# -# The ending rule here doesn't match the EC rules, which specify the fourth -# Sunday in October for the UK and Eire. The `fourth Sunday' rule wasn't -# followed in 1989, but then the sixth EC directive wasn't in force then -# and I don't know what previous ones said. 1995 is the next year with -# the 4th Sun on 22 Oct, but that year isn't covered by the UK Summer Time -# Order or the sixth EC directive. Your Oct Sun>=23 rule matches history -# and with things only announced for 2 years or so in advance who knows -# what will happen. -# -# There are renewed rumours that the Government here will make another -# attempt at resolving this issue, which is what prompted me to start -# asking the Home Office and the EC about it again. The EC categorically -# state they are not asking anybody to change timezone, they only want -# common start/end dates. The UK Govt. seem to want to change our zone -# and blame the resulting fuss on the EC. Me, I think we should scrap -# summer time completely, noon is when the Sun is overhead, and that should -# be the end of it. - -# From Peter Ilieve <peter(a)memex.co.uk> (1993-10-22): -# -# I now have the text of the Summer Time Act 1916, the granddaddy of them all. -# It is headed: `An Act to provide for the Time in Great Britain and Ireland -# being in advance of Greenwich and Dublin mean time respectively in the -# summer months'. -# -# It specifies 21 May and 1 October for 1916 (both at 02:00 GMT) and whatever -# dates an Order in Council may specify for subsequent years. -# -# Section 4 states: `This act shall apply to Ireland in like manner as it -# applies to Great Britain, with the substitution however of references -# to Dublin mean time for references to Greenwich mean time.' -# -# Lorna, my learned legal friend who supplied it, also offers this quote -# from Halsbury's Statutes on the extent of Acts: -# -# `An Act of the United Kingdom Parliament is to be construed prima facie -# to apply to the whole of the United Kingdom and not to any place outside. -# [...] The expression "United Kingdom" for this purpose includes (since -# 1922) Great Britain (ie. England, Wales and Scotland) and Northern Ireland, -# but it does not include the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man.' -# -# She goes on to say the seminal event of 1922 was the establishment of -# the Irish Free State, now called Eire. -# -# The Act doesn't say anything about Wales (or Scotland) so I would assert -# that Shanks is wrong here. I would like to know why he thinks Wales -# was different. -# -# It also confirms the fact that Ireland followed Dublin time back then, -# and 25 minutes behind Greenwich, as Shanks has it, would be correct. - -# From Peter Ilieve <peter(a)memex.co.uk> (1993-10-28): -# -# I now have before me, thanks to my learned legal friend Lorna, the text of -# the Time (Ireland) Act 1916. -# -# It says that as from 2 AM Dublin Mean Time on 1 October 1916 the time -# for general purposes in Ireland shall be the same as the rest of Great -# Britain (ie. GMT with the Summer Time periods specified by the Summer Time -# Act 1916).... As Ireland was behind GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct GB would -# have already put the clocks back. Using DST as Dublin Summer Time the -# sequence would have been: -# Dublin London -# 02:34 DST 02:59 BST -# 02:35 DST 02:00 GMT -# 02:59 DST 02:24 GMT -# 02:25 GMT 02:25 GMT -# with the transition 03:00 DST -> 02:00 DMT -> 02:25 GMT all at once. -# -# In a table of repeals in the Schedule to the Act it mentions the -# Statutes (Definition of Time) Act 1880. This is presumably the source -# of the 1880 date in Shanks. The little bit of it that is repealed -# also refers solely to Ireland and Dublin Mean Time. - -# From Peter Ilieve <peter(a)memex.co.uk> (1993-10-29): -# -# My case is that, with the sole exception of Ireland in 1916 using Dublin -# Mean Time, Summer Time has been uniform throughout the United Kingdom -# ever since it first started in 1916. -# -# The United Kingdom is England, Wales and Scotland plus all of Ireland from -# 1916 up to and including 1921, or plus Northern Ireland from 1922 to date. -# -# The dates used are those specified in the table in Summer Time: A Consultation -# Document (Cm 722, 1989) that are now included in the europe file, with a -# change to a single date, the start in 1924. I made a typo in my 1989 mail -# and the table itself is also wrong. The correct date is 13 April. -# The times were 02:00 GMT up to and including 1980, 01:00 GMT from 1981 on, -# except for wartime double summer time. -# -# As evidence I would cite: -# -# - The Summer Time Act, 1916. -# -# This specifically states that it applies to Ireland, specifies dates of -# 21 May and 1 October and times of 02:00, and says that in Ireland the -# times relate to Dublin mean time. It specifies an offset of 1 hour. -# -# - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 -# -# This abolishes Dublin mean time on 02:00 DMT 1 October 1916. -# It repeals that section of the Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880 -# that specifies DMT. It is therefore a safe bet that DMT existed at least -# from 1880 and was the only alternative standard time in the UK. +# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 # -# - The Summer Time Act, 1922 +# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates +# for Summer Time in 1918 of Sunday 24 March to Monday 30 September, +# both at 02:00 GMT. +# +# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 429 +# +# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1918 with the same dates and times. +# +# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 +# +# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates +# for Summer Time in 1919 of Sunday 30 March to Monday 29 September, +# both at 02:00 GMT. +# +# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 366 +# +# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1919 with the same dates and times. +# +# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 +# +# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates +# for Summer Time in 1920 of Sunday 28 March to Monday 27 September, +# both at 02:00 GMT. +# +# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573 +# +# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1920 with the same dates and times. +# +# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 +# +# An Order modifying both S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 and S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573 to +# change the end date for Summer Time from Monday 27 September to +# Monday 25 October (the time remaining 02:00 GMT). The 1989 Green +# Paper (Cm 722) says this was done because of a coal strike. +# +# - The War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 (10 & 11 Geo. 5. c. 5) (???) +# +# This extends the power to make Orders under the Summer Time Act, 1916 +# for a period of 12 months after the termination of the war. +# I haven't seen this one so I don't know when it came into force, or +# when the law deemed the termination of the war to have been. +# +# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 +# +# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War +# Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time +# in 1921 of Sunday 3 April to Monday 3 October, both at 02:00 GMT. +# +# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 364 +# +# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1921 with the same dates and times. +# +# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 (???) +# +# This probably defines Summer Time for 1922 as the Summer Time Act, 1922 +# was passed after the start date. Dates from Cm 722: +# 1922: 26 March to 8 October +# +# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 290 (???) +# +# This is probably the matching Isle of Man Order. +# +# - The Summer Time Act, 1922 (12 & 13 Geo. 5. c. 22) # # This specifies an offset of 1 hour and dates of the day after the third # Saturday in April, unless that be Easter, in which case it is the day after # the second Saturday, and the day after the third Saturday in September. # The time is 02:00 GMT. It applied in 1922 and 1923, and longer if Parliament -# so approved. +# so approved. It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well. +# Came into Force on 20 July 1920. Note the reversion to ending on a Sunday. +# +# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 1205 +# +# An Order made under the War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 +# dated 13 October 1922. It revokes (among other things) the Order extending +# the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man. # -# It specifically states that it applies to Northern Ireland, the Channel -# Islands, and the Isle of Man. +# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1923 (13 & 14 Geo. 5. c. 37) (jsm) # -# - The Summer Time Act, 1925 +# This extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until +# 31 December 1924. +# +# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1924 (15 Geo. 5. c. 1) (jsm) +# +# This further extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until +# 31 December 1925. +# +# - The Time Act (Northern Ireland), 1924 (14 & 15 Geo. 5. c. 24 (N.I.)) +# +# This Act says that while it remains in force, any Act or Order relating +# to the time for general purposes in Great Britain shall also apply +# in Northern Ireland, and the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 shall have effect +# accordingly. +# +# - The Summer Time Act, 1925 (15 & 16 Geo. 5. c. 64) # # This makes the 1922 Act permanent, with a change to the end date to the -# day after the first Saturday in October. It says nothing about extent, -# so that part of the 1922 Act will still apply. +# day after the first Saturday in October. Came into force on 7 August 1925. +# +# - The Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939 (2 & 3 Geo. 6. c. 62) (???) +# +# I haven't seen this one. It presumably gave the Government powers to +# do all manner of things during the newly started war. # -# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, SR&O 1939 No. 1379 -# [SR&O == Statutory Regulation and Order] +# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 # # These were made under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939. -# It changes the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November. -# It makes consequential changes to some vehicle lighting legislation, -# which includes the Motor Vehicles and Road Traffic (Northern Ireland) Act, -# 1934, so it seems clear it applies in Northern Ireland. +# They change the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November. # -# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, -# 1939, SR&O 1940 No. 1883 +# - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 1883 # +# An Order in Council amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. # This continues summer time throughout the year after it starts in 1940. -# It says nothing about extent and has no consequential changes. +# There was another Order (S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172) that I assume had merely +# changed the dates, to start on 4 February, and was then superseded by this +# one. I haven't seen No. 172 so I don't know what end date it would have +# specified. The dates from Cm 722: +# 1940: Summer Time starts on 4 February # -# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, -# 1939, SR&O 1941 No. 476 +# - S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 # +# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. # This introduces double summer time, starting at 01:00 GMT on the day after # the first Saturday in May and ending at 01:00 GMT on the day after the # second Saturday in August, offset another hour from normal summer time, -# which continues throughout the rest of the year. It goes on a lot about -# consequential changes to agricultural wages legislation, and says in part -# `... and in its application to Northern Ireland have effect as -# if for the references to the Agricultural Wages (Regulation) Acts, 1924 and -# 1940, there were substituted references to the Agricultural Wages (Regulation) -# Acts (Northern Ireland), 1939 and 1940, ...'. It also has a similar section -# for Scotland. Both sections substitute the local Agricultural Wages Board -# for the Agricultural Wages Board for England and Wales, showing that -# England and Wales were indivisible. -# -# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, -# 1939, SR&O 1942 No. 506 +# which continues throughout the rest of the year. # -# This changes the start date of double summer time to the day after the first -# Saturday in April. It says nothing about extent. +# - S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 # -# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, -# 1939, SR&O 1944 No. 932 +# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. +# This changes the start date of Double Summer Time to the day after the first +# Saturday in April, bringing it forward from May. # -# This changed the end date of double summer time to 17 September 1944. +# - S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 +# +# This changed the end date of Double Summer Time to 17 September 1944. # (I don't have the text of this, just a note of what it did, the text almost # certainly had the `day after the nth Saturday' form.) # -# (I am missing whatever regulations there were to change things in 1945 -# and the Summer Time Act, 1947.) +# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 (???) # -# - The British Standard Time Act, 1968 +# Probably defines the dates of Double Summer Time in 1945. +# I do have this quote from Hansard (the official record of the United Kingdom +# Parliament), Oral Answers, 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60: # -# This came into force on 27 October 1968 and continued summer time throughout -# the year as an experiment until it expired on 31 October 1971. -# There was no double summer time so we didn't have to change the clocks at all. -# It specifically said it applied to Northern Ireland. It also said it -# applied to Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man unless they passed -# measures saying it didn't. +# `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home +# Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals +# regarding double summer time. # -# - The Manx Time Act, 1968 +# [two other similar questions omitted] # -# This is an Act of Tynwald (the Isle of Man Parliament) that said that -# henceforth Manx time would be the same as the time in Great Britain. +# Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have +# considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of +# double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the +# maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday, +# when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that +# double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter +# Sunday, but in the night of Sunday-Monday so that it will operate from +# Monday, 2nd April.' # -# - The Summer Time Act, 1972 +# Cm 722 gives dates of: +# 1945: Double Summer time: 2 April to 15 July +# 1945: Summer Time ends on 7 October # -# This specified a reversion to normal summer time behaviour with a start -# date of the day after the third Saturday in March, unless that is Easter, -# when it is the day after the second Saturday, and an end date of the day -# after the fourth Saturday in October. Times are at 02:00 GMT, offset is -# 1 hour. +# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 # -# It has the same wording about extent as the British Standard Time Act, 1968, -# applying to Northern Ireland unconditionally and to Jersey, Guernsey and the -# Isle of Man if they don't do something about it. -# -# (I am missing various Summer Time Orders that modified the 1972 Act to -# harmonise with the EC since 1981. The major change is that the time changes -# to 01:00 GMT.) -# -# - The Summer Time Order, 1992, SI 1992/1729 [SI == Statutory Instrument] -# -# This specifies dates of: -# Start End -# 1993 28 March 24 October -# 1994 27 March 23 October -# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT.... -# -# - Some text on the extent of Acts, from Halsbury's Statutes -# -# `An Act of the United Kingdom Parliament is to be construed prima facie -# to apply to the whole of the United Kingdom and not to any place outside. -# [...] The expression "United Kingdom" for this purpose includes (since -# 1922) Great Britain (ie. England, Wales and Scotland) and Northern Ireland, -# but it does not include the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man.' -# -# So, many of these measures specifically include Northern Ireland, -# the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. None of them exclude any -# part of the UK. The default interpretation of Acts is that they apply -# throughout the UK. +# An Order under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Acts, 1939 and 1940 revoking +# a long list of things, including the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. +# This meant that Summer Time reverted to being set by the 1922 and 1925 Acts. # -# With that, I rest my case Milud :-) +# - The Summer Time Act, 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 16) # -# Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out -# the dusty old statutes, and to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence, -# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining -# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter). - -# From Peter Ilieve <peter(a)aldie.co.uk> (1996-05-29): -# I have now got a copy of the British Standard Time Act 1968. -# It says (S4(2)) that it expires at 02:00 GMT on 31 October 1971 unless -# an Order in Council was passed in Parliament to make the Act permanent. -# No Order was passed, so 02:00 1971-10-31 it is... +# Came into force on 11 March 1947. Amended the Summer Time Acts, 1922 and +# 1925 to change the dates of Summer Time and to introduce Double Summer Time +# (although it doesn't give this, or any, name for this period of 2 hour +# offset from GMT). Dates are given for 1947 only and are: 02:00 GMT Sunday +# 16 March, 01:00 GMT Sunday 13 April, 01:00 GMT Sunday 10 August, and 02:00 +# Sunday 2 November. It gave a power to make Orders for subsequent years, +# both to vary the dates and to continue Double Summer Time. It applied +# to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. +# +# - Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) (???) +# - Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) (???) +# - Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) (???) +# - Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) (???) +# - Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) (???) +# +# These presumably give the dates of Summer Time for the relevent years. +# There was no Double Summer Time. The dates given in the 1989 Green Paper +# for these years are: +# 1948: 14 March to 31 October +# 1949: 3 April to 30 October +# 1950: 16 April to 22 October +# 1951: 15 April to 21 October +# 1952: 20 April to 26 October +# After 1952 things revert back to the 1922 and 1925 Acts. +# +# - The Interpretation Act (Northern Ireland), 1954 (1954 c. 33 (N.I.)) (???) +# +# I presume that section 39 of this Act is similar to section 9 of the +# Interpretation Act, 1978 (listed below) in specifying GMT as the +# legal time in Northern Ireland, replacing the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916. +# +# - Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) +# +# Specified dates of 26 March and 29 October (02:00 GMT) for 1961 +# +# - Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) +# +# Specified dates of 25 March to 28 October (02:00 GMT) for 1962. +# +# - Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) +# +# Specified dates of 31 March to 27 October (02:00 GMT) for 1963. +# +# - Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) +# +# Specified dates of 22 March to 25 October (02:00 GMT) for 1964. +# +# - Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) +# +# Specified dates for three years (all 02:00 GMT): +# 1965: 21 March to 24 October +# 1966: 20 March to 23 October +# 1967: 19 March to 29 October +# +# - Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) +# - Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) +# +# The first of these specifies dates for 1968 of 18 February for the United +# Kingdom but 7 April for the Isle of Man, both ending on 27 October, +# all at 02:00 GMT. The second Order changes the Isle of Man start date +# to 18 February to match the United Kingdom. +# +# - The British Standard Time Act 1968 (1968 c. 45) +# +# This came into force on 27 October 1968 and continued summer time throughout +# the year. It expired at 02:00 GMT on 31 October 1971, as specified in the +# Act, as Parliament did not move to make this experment permanent. +# It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. # # Interestingly, it says baldly `This Act shall come into force on # 27 October 1968', without giving a time. As S1 of the Act merely @@ -443,218 +499,182 @@ # possibly argue that the start time of BStandardT was 00:00 1968-10-27, # especially as the Act repealed the Summer Time Acts 1916--1947 in toto, # thereby destroying the authority of the Summer Time Order specifying -# summer time in 1968.... - -# From Peter Ilieve <peter(a)memex.co.uk> (1993-11-18) +# summer time in 1968. +# +# - The Manx Time Act 1968 # -# Here is a revised version of my tabrules file for the perl script I sent -# before. I have personally verified the various Orders back to 1953 and -# all the Acts. -# -# There are no changes to the dates we already have. -# -# My doubt about an early start in 1967 on 18 Feb was misplaced, the Order -# does say 18 Feb. This is an interesting case as the first Order gave a -# different date of 7 April 1967 for the Isle of Man but this was changed -# before it came into effect by another Order for the Isle of Man alone. -# -# I don't think I will be able to find any more of the earlier Orders. -# The annual volumes for 1949--52 do not contain the various Summer Time -# Orders. They therefore don't appear in the index. They rate a mention in -# italics in the numerical list at the start but that is all. -# I think what happens is that the annual volume is produced well after the -# end of the year in question, by which time the Summer Time Order is spent. -# They assume that nobody would ever be stupid enough to want to see it -# again so they leave it out. -# -# It might be a good idea to put this table, or the output of tabscript -# showing all the moves because of Easter, in the europe file comments in -# place of my old transcription of the Green Paper table [the UK Government -# paper "Summer Time: A Consultation Document" (HMSO Cm722 June 1989)]. -# -# Peter Ilieve peter(a)memex.co.uk -# -# -# ## control file for tabscript, a program to generate UK summer time dates -# ## matching the table in Cm 722, the 1989 Green Paper. -# ## Lines like this are comments. -# ## Lines with a single # at the start are copied into the output -# ## Control lines are of the form -# ## <years> <start date> <end date> <flags> <double start> <double end> -# ## <years> is either a single year or a hyphen separated range, with -- -# ## also accepted as I use this in TeX a lot. -# ## <start date> and <end date> are a digit followed bu a month name. -# ## It is either an nth Saturday or an explicit date, depending on <flags>. -# ## 0 and/or none are used when there is no date, as during 1968--71. -# ## <flags> can contain `fixed' to indicate explicit dates and `double' -# ## to indicate double summer time dates are present. -# ## At present double requires fixed as well. -# ## <double start> and <double end> are like the start and end dates, with -# ## the exception of the 0 and/or none feature. -# -# ## Blank lines are also ignored. -# -# ## Places where I am uncertain, not having personally verified the dates -# ## against the Act or Order, are marked ??? -# ## These dates are taken from the Cm 722 table. -# -# # Summer Time Act, 1916 -# 1916 21 May 1 October fixed -# -# ## I haven't yet looked for Orders for 1916--22 and I doubt I will find them. -# # unknown Order or Orders ??? -# 1917 8 apr 17 sep fixed -# 1918 24 mar 30 sep fixed -# 1919 30 mar 29 sep fixed -# # end date extended in 1920 from 27 Sep because of coal strike (from Cm 722) -# 1920 28 mar 25 oct fixed -# 1921 3 apr 3 oct fixed -# -# # Summer Time Act, 1922 -# # came into force 22 July 1922, too late for 1922, so missing Order ??? -# 1922 26 mar 8 oct fixed -# 1923-1924 3 April 3 September -# -# # Summer Time Act, 1925 -# 1925--1938 3 April 1 October -# -# # Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939 -# 1939 3 April 3 November -# # 1940 amendment (SR&O 1940 Nos. 172 & 1883) -# 1940 4 feb 0 none -# # 1941 amendment (SR&O 1941 No. 476) -# 1941 0 none 0 none fixed,double 4 may 10 aug -# # 1942 amendment (SR&O 1942 No. 506) -# 1942 0 none 0 none fixed,double 5 apr 9 aug -# 1943 0 none 0 none fixed,double 4 apr 15 aug -# # 1944 amendment (SR&O 1944 No. 932) -# 1944 0 none 0 none fixed,double 2 apr 17 sep -# # 1945 dates from Hansard, Oral Answers, 1 March 1945 -# 1945 0 none 7 oct fixed,double 2 apr 15 jul -# -# # reversion to Summer Time Act, 1925 -# 1946 3 April 1 October -# -# # Summer Time Act, 1947 -# # Fixed dates for 1947 only, gives power to have double summer time -# 1947 16 mar 2 nov fixed,double 13 apr 10 aug -# ## I can't find any trace of the Order for 1948. -# # Unknown Order ??? -# 1948 14 mar 31 oct fixed -# ## I know the numbers for the 1949--52 ones but the text is missing from the -# ## annual volumes. I also don't know if the 49 Order was for 49 or 50, etc. -# # Summer Time Order, 1949 (SI1949/373) ??? -# 1949 3 apr 30 oct fixed -# # Summer Time Order, 1950 (SI1950/518) ??? -# 1950 16 apr 22 oct fixed -# # Summer Time Order, 1951 (SI1951/430) ??? -# 1951 15 apr 21 oct fixed -# # Summer Time Order, 1952 (SI1952/451) ??? -# 1952 20 apr 26 oct fixed -# -# # reversion to Summer Time Act, 1925 -# 1953--1960 3 April 1 October -# -# ## All Orders from here on specify fixed dates, not day after nth Sunday -# ## Start pattern looks like Mar lastSun up to 1963, Mar Sun>=19 up to 1967. -# ## End pattern looks like Oct Sun>=23 up to 1967. -# # Summer Time Order, 1961 (SI1961/71) -# 1961 26 March 29 October fixed -# # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (SI1961/2465) -# 1962 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed -# # Summer Time Order, 1963 (SI1963/81) -# 1963 31 March 27 October fixed -# # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (SI1963/2101) -# 1964 22 March 25 October fixed -# # Summer Time Order, 1964 (SI1964/1201) -# 1965 21 Mar 24 Oct fixed -# 1966 20 Mar 23 Oct fixed -# 1967 19 Mar 29 Oct fixed -# # Summer Time Order, 1967 (SI1967/1148) -# # Specifies different start date of 7 April for Isle of Man -# # Summer Time Order, 1968 (SI1968/117) -# # Changes Isle of Man start date to 18 Feb to match rest of UK -# # British Standard Time Act, 1968 -# 1968 18 feb 0 none fixed -# 1969--1970 0 none 0 none -# 1971 0 none 31 oct fixed -# -# # Summer Time Act, 1972 -# 1972-1980 3 March 4 October -# -# # The pattern here looks like Last Sun in Mar, day after 4th Sat in Oct -# # First EC Directive ??? -# # Summer Time Order, 1980 (SI1980/1089) -# 1981 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed -# 1982 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed -# # Second EC Directive ??? -# # Summer Time Order, 1982 (SI1982/1673) -# 1983 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed -# 1984 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed -# 1985 31 Mar 27 Oct fixed -# # Third EC Directive ??? -# # Summer Time Order, 1986 (SI1986/223) -# 1986 30 Mar 26 Oct fixed -# 1987 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed -# 1988 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed -# # Fourth EC Directive ??? -# # Summer Time Order, 1988 (SI1988/931) -# 1989 26 Mar 29 Oct fixed -# # Fifth EC Directive ??? -# # Summer Time Order, 1989 (SI1989/985) -# 1990 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed -# 1991 31 Mar 27 Oct fixed -# 1992 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed -# # Sixth EC Directive -# # Summer Time Order, 1992 (SI1992/1729) -# 1993 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed -# 1994 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed - -# From Peter Ilieve <peter(a)memex.co.uk> (1994-08-18): -# I now have the text of the 7th EC directive on summer time arrangements -# (94/21/EC), which was approved on 30 May.... -# The major changes from existing practice are that 1995 will be the last year -# that the UK and Eire finish on a different date from everyone else, -# and the common end date from 1996 onwards will be the last Sunday in October. -# Year Start End End (UK & Eire, 1995 only) -# (rule) (last Sun) (last Sun) (4th Sun) -# 1995 26 March 24 September 22 October -# 1996 31 March 27 October -# 1997 30 March 26 October -# -# From Peter Ilieve <peter(a)memex.co.uk> (1994-12-01): -# The final piece of the legislative jigsaw for summer time in the UK for -# 1995-97 is now in place. The Summer Time Order 1994 (SI 1994/2798) -# came into force on 16 November. It restates the dates from the EC -# seventh Summer Time Directive.... -# -# From Peter Ilieve <peter(a)aldie.co.uk> (1997-08-06): -# I now have a copy of the ... Eighth Directive 97/44/EC of the European -# Parliament and of the Council of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements. -# It runs for 4 years, 1998--2001, and confirms the current rules of -# last Sunday in March to last Sunday in October.... -# The directive does not apply in overseas territories of the Member States. -# It says the Commission should produce a proposal for 2002 and beyond -# by 1 Jan 2000 and this should be adopted by 1 Jan 2001. I doubt that -# this will happen though.... -# There is no mention of the French desire to abandon the whole idea. -# France has had a change of government recently so maybe it will -# be quietly dropped. - -# From Peter Ilieve <peter(a)memex.co.uk> (1994-03-28): -# The [GB-Eire] end date of 22 October [1995] conflicts with your current rule -# of Oct Sun>=23, and the historical UK formula of Sun after 4th Sat. -# The last time 4th Sun and Sun after 4th Sat differed was in 1989, -# when 29 October was used. That year was covered by a UK Summer Time Order -# for only a single year and it looks as though there was a matching 4th EC -# directive for just this year. I don't have the text of the 5th EC -# directive (for 1990--92) but my guess would be it said 4th Sun. -# To maintain strict historical accuracy you could start a new UK ending rule -# of Oct Sun>=22 in 1990. +# This is an Act of Tynwald (the Isle of Man Parliament) that said that +# henceforth Manx time would be the same as the time in Great Britain. +# +# - The Summer Time Act 1972 (1972 c. 6) +# +# This specified a reversion to normal Summer Time behaviour with a start +# date of the day after the third Saturday in March, unless that is Easter, +# when it is the day after the second Saturday, and an end date of the day +# after the fourth Saturday in October. Times are at 02:00 GMT, offset is +# 1 hour. It gives the power to make Orders to vary these dates and +# times. This Act is still in force and is the legal authority for +# implementing the EC Directives in the United Kingdom. +# +# - The Interpretation Act 1978 (1978 c. 30) +# +# Section 9 of this Act replaces section 1 of the Statutes (Definition of +# Time) Act, 1880 with very similar wording maintaining GMT as the legal +# time in Great Britain. This does not apply in Northern Ireland (it +# has its own Interpretation Act listed above). +# +# - Council Directive of 22 July 1980 on summertime arrangements (80/737/EEC) +# +# The first of the European Directives on Summer Time. It specified start +# dates for 1981 and 1982. No agreement had been reached on end dates. +# Only dates were given, there was no rule like `last Sunday in March'. +# The main change for the United Kingdom was a move to a 01:00 GMT change +# time. The dates: +# 1981: 29 March +# 1982: 28 March +# +# - Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) +# +# Specified dates for 1981 and 1982, with the start dates as in the +# EC Directive and all times 01:00 GMT: +# 1981: 29 March to 25 October +# 1982: 28 March to 24 October +# +# - Second Council Directive of 10 June 1982 on summertime arrangements +# (82/399/EEC) +# +# The next European Directive. Specified dates for three years, 1983 to 1985. +# Agreement still hadn't been reached on a common end date, and wouldn't +# be until 1994 with the appeareance of the seventh Directive with a common +# date for 1996 and beyond, but this time the Directive gave two sets of +# end dates. The start date was specified by rule: the last Sunday in March. +# All times were 01:00 GMT. The end dates were given without rule, as: +# 1983: 25 September or 23 October +# 1984: 30 September or 28 october +# 1985: 29 September or 27 October +# +# - Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) +# +# Implemented the second EC Directive, using the October end dates. +# 1983: 27 March to 23 October +# 1984: 25 March to 28 october +# 1985: 31 March to 27 October +# +# - Third Council Directive of 12 December 1984 on summertime arrangements +# (84/634/EEC) +# +# Specified start dates of the last Sunday in March and two sets of end +# dates, last Sunday in September and fourth Sunday in October, all at +# 01:00 GMT. The end dates were also specified as dates: +# 1986: 28 September or 26 October +# 1987: 27 September or 25 October +# 1988: 25 September or 23 October +# +# - Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) +# +# Implemented the third EC Directive, using the October end dates. +# 1986: 30 March to 26 October +# 1987: 29 March to 25 October +# 1988: 27 March to 23 October +# +# - Council Directive of 20 December 1985 amending Directive 84/634/EEC +# on summertime arrangements (85/582/EEC) +# +# This was to do with the accession of Spain and Portugal to the EEC. +# The previous directve had used wording like `Member States belonging +# to the zero (Greenwich) time zone' when refering to the different +# sets of end dates. Portugal was in that time zone but was not going +# to follow the United Kingdom and Ireland dates, so the text was reworded +# without any change to the dates themselves. +# +# - Fourth Council Directive of 22 December 1987 on summertime arrangements +# (88/14/EEC) +# +# This Directive covered only a single year: 1989. My guess is that +# this was because 1989 was one of the years when the historic United Kingdom +# end date of the Sunday after the fourth Saturday in October differed from +# the rule in the previous Directive of the fourth Sunday in October. +# All times are 01:00 GMT. No rule was specified, specific dates were given: +# 1989: 26 March to 24 September or 29 October +# +# - Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) +# +# Implemented the dates of 26 March to 29 October for 1989. +# +# - Fifth Council Directive of 21 December 1988 on summertime arrangements +# (89/47/EEC) +# +# Covered the three years 1990 to 1992. All times are 01:00 GMT. Gave both +# rules (last Sunday in March, last Sunday in September or fourth Sunday +# in October) and specific dates: +# 1990: 25 March to 30 September or 28 October +# 1991: 31 March to 29 September or 27 October +# 1992: 29 March to 27 September or 25 October +# +# - Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) +# +# Implemented the fifth Directive using the October end dates. +# +# - Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC of 26 March 1992 on summertime +# arrangements +# +# Covered the two years 1993 and 1994. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specified +# both rules (same as the fifth Directive) and specific dates: +# 1993: 28 March to 26 September or 24 October +# 1994: 27 March to 25 September or 23 October +# +# - Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) +# +# Implemented the sixth Directive using the October end dates. +# +# - Seventh Directive 94/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council +# of 30 May 1994 on summer-time arrangements +# +# Covered the three years 1995 to 1997. Agreement had finally been reached +# on a common end date, to start in 1996. Both rules and dates were given. +# The rules were the same last Sunday in March to last Sunday in September +# or fourth Sunday in October for 1995, with the end rule changing to the +# last Sunday in October for 1996 and 1997. The year 1995 was another of +# the tricky ones where the EC and traditional United Kingdom rules differed +# but this time the UK changed on the fourth Sunday, 22 October, earlier +# than usual. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specific dates were also given: +# 1995: 26 March to 24 September or 22 October +# 1996: 31 March to 27 October +# 1997: 30 March to 26 October +# +# - Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) +# +# Implements the seventh Directive using the October end date in 1995. +# Applies also to the Bailiwick of Guernsey but not to the Bailiwick of +# Jersey or the Isle of Man, which have their own (unspecified) legislation +# on the subject. +# +# - Eighth Directive 97/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council +# of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements +# +# Covers four years: 1998 to 2001. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specifies both +# rules, last Sunday in March and last Sunday in October, and specific dates: +# 1998: 29 March to 25 October +# 1999: 28 March to 31 October +# 2000: 26 March to 29 October +# 2001: 25 March to 28 October +# +# - Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) +# +# Implements the eighth Directive. Has the same text about the Isle of Man, +# Guernsey and Jersey as the 1994 Order. + +# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28(a)hermes.cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06): +# +# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; +# see Lord Tanlaw's speech +# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn…"> +# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) +# </a>. # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1996-06-12): # -# As Ilieve remarks, the date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A +# The date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A # Consultation Document'' (Cm 722, 1989) table is a transcription error; # 20 April was an Easter Sunday. Shanks has 13 April, the correct date. # Also, the table is not quite right for 1925 through 1938; the correct rules @@ -695,79 +715,112 @@ # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -# 1916 to 1925--irregular +# Summer Time Act, 1916 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT +# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT +# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT +# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT +# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST +# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT +# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT +# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST +# The Summer Time Act, 1922 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT -Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 BST -# 1925 to 1939 start--regular, except for avoiding Easter +Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST +# The Summer Time Act, 1925 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT -Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST -# 1939 end to 1947--irregular, and with double summer time -Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 GMT +# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 +Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT +# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 BST +# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST +# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST +# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST -# Double daylight starts on a Monday in 1945--see above. +# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr 2 1:00s 2:00 BDST +# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul 15 1:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 GMT -Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST +# The Summer Time Act, 1947 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT -# So much for double saving time. 1948 and 1949, irregular. +# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1948 1949 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 GMT +# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST -# 1950 through start of 1953, regular. -Rule GB-Eire 1950 1953 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST +# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) +# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) +# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) +Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT -# 1954 to 1980, starting rules -Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 BST +# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 +Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT +Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST -Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST +# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) +# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) +# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST +Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT +# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) +# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) +# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST +# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST +# The British Standard Time Act, 1968 +# (no summer time) +# The Summer Time Act, 1972 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST -# 1953 to 1980, ending rules -Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 GMT -Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT -# 1981 on +# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) +# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) +# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) +# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT +# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) +# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) +# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT +# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) # See EU for rules starting in 1996. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] @@ -778,14 +831,14 @@ 0:00 EU GMT/BST Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT - -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 3:00 # Irish Summer Time + -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s # Irish Summer Time 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 0:00 EU GMT/BST Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT - -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 3:00 + -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 @@ -1410,7 +1463,7 @@ # # From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06): # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri -# <a href=http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html> +# <a href="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html"> # http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html (1996-03-14) # </a> # (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute @@ -1701,7 +1754,7 @@ 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_ -# <a href=http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml> +# <a href="http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml"> # http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24) # </a> # says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00. @@ -2032,8 +2085,8 @@ # From: msb(a)sq.com (Mark Brader) # <a href=news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com> -# news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com: -# </a> +# news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com +# </a>: # # In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden # decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of @@ -2284,21 +2337,3 @@ # ... # Monaco: has same DST as France. # ... - -# ... -# Date: Fri, 3 Sep 93 13:43:41 BST -# From: Peter Ilieve <peter(a)memex.co.uk> -# ... -# Turning to Europe, I now have a copy of the `Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC -# of 26 March 1992 on summertime arrangements'. This only covers 1993 and -# 1994, a seventh one is in the works but I doubt that the algorithm will -# change. This says summertime starts at 01:00 GMT on the last Sunday in March -# and ends at 01:00 GMT on the last Sunday in September, except for the UK -# and Eire where it ends at 01:00 GMT on the fourth Sunday in October. -# It says the arrangements for 1995 onwards will be decided by 1 January 1994, -# but as the sixth directive was supposed to appear by 1 Jan 92 and didn't -# arrive til March I wouldn't hold your breath. -# -# The first summertime directive was adopted in 1980, although the UK didn't -# seem to use it until 1981. I suspect it would be safe to move your start -# dates for the -Eur rules back to 1981. =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/localtime.c,v retrieving revision 1997.9 retrieving revision 1997.9.0.1 diff -u -r1997.9 -r1997.9.0.1 --- localtime.c 1997/12/29 14:31:50 1997.9 +++ localtime.c 1998/01/13 06:51:53 1997.9.0.1 @@ -302,27 +302,23 @@ } { struct tzhead * tzhp; - char buf[sizeof *sp + sizeof *tzhp]; + union { + struct tzhead tzhead; + char buf[sizeof *sp + sizeof *tzhp]; + } u; int ttisstdcnt; int ttisgmtcnt; - i = read(fid, buf, sizeof buf); + i = read(fid, u.buf, sizeof u.buf); if (close(fid) != 0) return -1; - p = buf; - p += sizeof tzhp->tzh_reserved; - ttisstdcnt = (int) detzcode(p); - p += 4; - ttisgmtcnt = (int) detzcode(p); - p += 4; - sp->leapcnt = (int) detzcode(p); - p += 4; - sp->timecnt = (int) detzcode(p); - p += 4; - sp->typecnt = (int) detzcode(p); - p += 4; - sp->charcnt = (int) detzcode(p); - p += 4; + ttisstdcnt = (int) detzcode(u.tzhead.tzh_ttisgmtcnt); + ttisgmtcnt = (int) detzcode(u.tzhead.tzh_ttisstdcnt); + sp->leapcnt = (int) detzcode(u.tzhead.tzh_leapcnt); + sp->timecnt = (int) detzcode(u.tzhead.tzh_timecnt); + sp->typecnt = (int) detzcode(u.tzhead.tzh_typecnt); + sp->charcnt = (int) detzcode(u.tzhead.tzh_charcnt); + p = u.tzhead.tzh_charcnt + sizeof u.tzhead.tzh_charcnt; if (sp->leapcnt < 0 || sp->leapcnt > TZ_MAX_LEAPS || sp->typecnt <= 0 || sp->typecnt > TZ_MAX_TYPES || sp->timecnt < 0 || sp->timecnt > TZ_MAX_TIMES || @@ -330,7 +326,7 @@ (ttisstdcnt != sp->typecnt && ttisstdcnt != 0) || (ttisgmtcnt != sp->typecnt && ttisgmtcnt != 0)) return -1; - if (i - (p - buf) < sp->timecnt * 4 + /* ats */ + if (i - (p - u.buf) < sp->timecnt * 4 + /* ats */ sp->timecnt + /* types */ sp->typecnt * (4 + 2) + /* ttinfos */ sp->charcnt + /* chars */ =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/zic.c,v retrieving revision 1997.9 retrieving revision 1997.9.0.1 diff -u -r1997.9 -r1997.9.0.1 --- zic.c 1997/12/29 14:31:52 1997.9 +++ zic.c 1998/01/13 06:51:53 1997.9.0.1 @@ -1254,11 +1254,12 @@ } else if (sscanf(cp, scheck(cp, "%d"), &rp->r_loyear) != 1) { error(_("invalid starting year")); return; - } else if (noise) + } else if (noise) { if (rp->r_loyear < min_year_representable) warning(_("starting year too low to be represented")); else if (rp->r_loyear > max_year_representable) warning(_("starting year too high to be represented")); + } cp = hiyearp; if ((lp = byword(cp, end_years)) != NULL) switch ((int) lp->l_value) { case YR_MINIMUM: @@ -1278,11 +1279,12 @@ } else if (sscanf(cp, scheck(cp, "%d"), &rp->r_hiyear) != 1) { error(_("invalid ending year")); return; - } else if (noise) + } else if (noise) { if (rp->r_loyear < min_year_representable) warning(_("starting year too low to be represented")); else if (rp->r_loyear > max_year_representable) warning(_("starting year too high to be represented")); + } if (rp->r_loyear > rp->r_hiyear) { error(_("starting year greater than ending year")); return; @@ -1946,10 +1948,11 @@ */ foundlp = NULL; for (lp = table; lp->l_word != NULL; ++lp) - if (itsabbr(word, lp->l_word)) + if (itsabbr(word, lp->l_word)) { if (foundlp == NULL) foundlp = lp; else return NULL; /* multiple inexact matches */ + } return foundlp; } =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/WWW.htm,v retrieving revision 1997.9 retrieving revision 1997.9.0.1 diff -u -r1997.9 -r1997.9.0.1 --- WWW.htm 1997/12/29 14:31:49 1997.9 +++ WWW.htm 1998/01/13 06:51:53 1997.9.0.1 @@ -1,9 +1,7 @@ -<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN"> +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd"> <HTML> <HEAD> -<TITLE> -Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data -</TITLE> +<TITLE>Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data</TITLE> </HEAD> <BODY> <H1>Sources for Time Zone and Daylight Saving Time Data</H1> @@ -28,8 +26,8 @@ similarly, the data are in <samp>tzdata<var>D</var>.tar.gz</samp>, where <samp><var>D</var></samp> is the data's version. <P> -The <A HREF="ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/GETTING.GNU.SOFTWARE"> -GNU C Library</A> has an independent, thread-safe implementation of +The <A HREF="ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/GETTING.GNU.SOFTWARE">GNU C Library</A> +has an independent, thread-safe implementation of a time zone file reader. This library is freely available under the GNU Library General Public License, and is widely used in GNU/Linux systems. @@ -79,11 +77,12 @@ <LI>The <A HREF="http://www.iata.org/">International Air Transport Association</A> publishes the IATA SSIM, which gives current time zone rules for all the airports served by commercial aviation. -<LI><A HREF="http://hpiers.obspm.fr/webiers/results/bul/README.html"> -Bulletins of IERS</A> contains official publications of the +<LI><A HREF="http://hpiers.obspm.fr/webiers/results/bul/README.html">Bulletins +of IERS</A> contains official publications of the International Earth Rotation Service, the committee that decides when leap seconds occur. </UL> +<P> -- <A HREF="mailto:eggert@twinsun.com">eggert(a)twinsun.com</A> (1997-12-26) </P>

1 0

Month 53 bug? (fwd)
by Wim Vandeputte Jan. 9, 1998

Jan. 9, 1998

Hi there, I found a little quirck while playing around with the Y2K problem. I got an apetite for overrun problems, and I was looking for some variations. I found out my '93 motherboard switches from 31/12/1997 to 01/01/1997. Great. :-) Then I found this: ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Wed, 31 Dec 1997 00:03:40 +0100 (MET) From: Wim Vandeputte <bunbun(a)reptile.rug.ac.be> To: Theo de Raadt <deraadt(a)cvs.openbsd.org> Subject: Month 53 bug? eh, this is weird. OpenBSD 2.2 GENERIC#81 i386 date +%W gives 52 date +%V gives 53. is *this* 53'th week of the year? On SunOS 5.5 (Generic_103093-08 sun4d sparc SUNW,SPARCserver-1000) both give 52. On SunOS 5.5.1 (sun4u sparc SUNW,Ultra-1) %V gives 53, %W gives 52. On Linux, +%W gives 52, +%V gives 01 The manpage of strftime says that if the week containing Jan 1 has four or more days in the new year, then it is week 1. This week gives: Thursday (1/1), Friday (2/1), Sat (3/1), Sun (4/1) = 4 days in the new year. So date +%V should produce 1 instead of 53, right? This must be some lib thing.... *-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-* Wim Vandeputte --Comfort is Treachery-- --So pound the nails in tight-- His first reply: >From deraadt(a)cvs.openbsd.orgWed Dec 31 00:32:18 1997 Date: Tue, 30 Dec 1997 16:05:14 -0700 From: Theo de Raadt <deraadt(a)cvs.openbsd.org> To: Wim Vandeputte <bunbun(a)reptile.rug.ac.be> Cc: millert(a)cvs.openbsd.org Subject: Re: Month 53 bug? Hmm, interesting problem. It is possible that some of these systems have an old timezone library. And it is possible that our man page is wrong. Or that our code is wrong, since we don't have the very very latest version of the timezone code (we are about a year out of date with respect to the timezone code, but a cursory examination shows that not much has changed, and we've fixed a few bugs ourselves). > nor more days in the new year, then it is week 1. This week gives: > Thursday (1/1), Friday (2/1), Sat (3/1), Sun (4/1) = 4 days in the new year. Wait, isn't Sunday the first day of the next week? Then it's 3 days in the next week. Ie, look at this: October November December Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 1 2 3 4 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 26 27 28 29 30 31 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 28 29 30 31 30 See? So I think we are right: I think SunOS 5.5 had it wrong, Linux has it wrong, and both SunOS 5.5.1 and OpenBSD 2.2 get it right. Do you now concur? ------------------------------------------------------------------------ I wrote back: >From bunbun(a)reptile.rug.ac.beWed Dec 31 00:34:13 1997 Date: Wed, 31 Dec 1997 00:20:20 +0100 (MET) From: Wim Vandeputte <bunbun(a)reptile.rug.ac.be> To: Theo de Raadt <deraadt(a)cvs.openbsd.org> Subject: Re: Month 53 bug? On Tue, 30 Dec 1997, Theo de Raadt wrote: > Wait, isn't Sunday the first day of the next week? Then it's 3 days > in the next week. Ie, look at this: the man page (old or faulty?) says that "(Monday as the first day of the week)". ^^^^^^^^^^^^^-> the SunOS page says the same. That makes the week go from Mon -> Sun, thus still four days in this week in the next year. Confuse me :-) please (it's running late here :-) *-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-*-=-* Wim Vandeputte --Comfort is Treachery-- --So pound the nails in tight-- His reply to this: >From deraadt(a)cvs.openbsd.orgWed Dec 31 00:32:24 1997 Date: Tue, 30 Dec 1997 16:17:40 -0700 From: Theo de Raadt <deraadt(a)cvs.openbsd.org> To: Wim Vandeputte <bunbun(a)reptile.rug.ac.be> Cc: millert(a)cvs.openbsd.org Subject: Re: Month 53 bug? Please never remove cc:'s > > Wait, isn't Sunday the first day of the next week? Then it's 3 days > > in the next week. Ie, look at this: > > the man page (old or faulty?) says that "(Monday as the first day of the > week)". ^^^^^^^^^^^^^-> the SunOS page says the same. > > That makes the week go from Mon -> Sun, thus still four days in this week > in the next year. Ok. Perhaps this is a flaw then. We need to find out which way that needs to work, then. Do you want to do some more research by contacting the people who wrote the library in question? Yeah you do! Go for it: contact tz(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov and keep us informed OK? -------------------------------------------------- So, this brings me to you... what's the next step?

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Re: FW: date line
by Robert Elz Jan. 7, 1998

Jan. 7, 1998

Date: Wed, 7 Jan 1998 19:06:53 -0800 From: Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> Message-ID: <199801080306.TAA01506(a)shade.twinsun.com> | The International Date Line isn't a fixed international standard; | it's just a cartographer's convenience. To amplify Paul's response - the only way the "date line" could run through land would be if some country, or countries with a common land border, decided to run their clocks 24 hours apart. This would cause such civil disruption (can you imagine if on one side of the street they were selling the Saturday newspapers, while on the other side they're selling Friday's ?? - and they're both current editions). People already complain when there's an hour difference as you cross the street (or river or whatever). Excluding that kind of absurdity (which is unavoidable in antartica, but there aren't enough people there to care - and I doubt the penguins know about date lines) any piece of land is all going to be running with timezones quite close together, and usually approximately related to solar time, with noon being when the sun is overhead. Out in the middle of the Pacific ocean, it is largely arbitrary which day an island is going to prefer to be in, and tends to relate more to which other countries they're more closely affiliated with (if in the Americas, they're likely to prefer being -1200, if with Asia/Australasia they're likely to prefer +1200). | I heard on the CBC that some islands moved it to intersect their | cities, is this true? | This is news to me. It would be truly ludicrous. | The Wall St Journal (1996-01-22, page 1) reported that Cuba is | considering jumping across the International Date Line, just so that | it's the first into the year 2000. So it's possible you'll have to | adjust your travel plans. Of course, if they do, some pacific island will simply move another 24 hours ahead, and get there even sooner. Why anyone would care though whether they're first or last to year 2000? This seems tobe so monumentally weird to me that its hard to understand. But if you're that keen, and have a boat that can go way out to sea, which it seems that you do, then I think in international waters you can decide for yourself what your local timezone is, so if you're that keen to be first, sail out next weekend, set your clocks forward 2 years worth of daylight saving, and you've achieved it. If you want to do it without "cheating" in any way, then being on a boat will probably not be what you want, you probably want to be in New Zealand, or one of the similar southern islands, their normal +1200, with an extra hour's summer time in summer (which it is in December/January) means that they run +1300, so they're going to be in 2000 a year ahead of anyone running a natural timezone. kre

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FW: date line
by Olson, Arthur David Jan. 7, 1998

Jan. 7, 1998

Note that Joe Thorne is not on the time zone mailing list; be sure that Joe is included if you reply. --ado ---------- From: Joe Thorne[SMTP:jgthorne@concentric.net] Sent: Wednesday, January 07, 1998 12:49 PM To: ado(a)elsie.nci.nih.gov Subject: date line Hello! My name is Joe Thorne and I have a question about the international time date line. Is it true that it runs through no body of land or Pacific island? I'd like to sail to it for new years eve 1999. I heard on the CBC that some islands moved it to intersect their cities, is this true? Can they officially do that? You see, I'd like to be the first person there for this event. I'd be sailing a 16 foot boat from Minneapolis, down the Mississippi, around South America, to Easter Island and then to Western Samoa before intercepting the date line. Could you help me answer this question? Sincerely Joe Thorne email: jgthorne(a)concentric.net

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Re: Time in Portugal
by peter＠aldie.co.uk Jan. 7, 1998

Jan. 7, 1998

Alex Livingston wrote: > Friends of mine who visited Portugal in August/September last year say > that it is (i.e. was then) on the same time as Vienna (from where they flew > to Lisbon) and Prague (where they live at the moment), which contradicts > tzdata1997i. Is anyone on this list in a better position to follow this up > than I? I exchanged several emails with Martin Bruckmann <martin(a)ua.pt> about this in Feb 1996 after he posted something to uk.misc (among other groups). He was certain that they changed back to the GMT zone in 1996 by not putting the clocks forward in March. He lives there so I took his word for it. I have just used telnet to connect to one of the MX record machines for Martin's domain and it gives the same time as here in Scotland, so Martin is in the GMT zone even if the rest of Portugal isn't. :-) I'm sure there are enough unix machines in Portugal that we would have heard the complaints by now if the tz data is wrong. :-) Peter Ilieve peter(a)aldie.co.uk

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Time in Portugal
by Alex LIVINGSTON Jan. 6, 1998

Jan. 6, 1998

Friends of mine who visited Portugal in August/September last year say that it is (i.e. was then) on the same time as Vienna (from where they flew to Lisbon) and Prague (where they live at the moment), which contradicts tzdata1997i. Is anyone on this list in a better position to follow this up than I? _______________ Alex LIVINGSTON Macintosh Support Information Technology (IT) Australian Graduate School of Management (AGSM) The University of New South Wales (UNSW) [Sydney] NSW 2052 AUSTRALIA E-mail : alex(a)agsm.unsw.edu.au; cit(a)agsm.unsw.edu.au (IT) Facsimile: +61 2 9931-9349 Telephone: +61 2 9931-9264 Time : UT/GMT + 10 (Sun. Mar. 25-31 - Sat. Oct. 24-30) or 11 hours

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Re: Updated UK history of Summer Time
by Peter Ilieve Jan. 6, 1998

Jan. 6, 1998

On Jan 6, 10:28am, Paul Eggert wrote: > > I agree; many thanks to Messrs. Ilieve and Myers! If only we could have > such definitive sources for our other tz entries. Thank you (modestly taking bow :-), it has been a case of Mr Myers prodding me into action after a bit of a layoff. As you can see, he has already been busy in the UL again today. If only indeed---let this be a challenge to the rest of you. > I'm working on a proposed patch that will make the europe file match > the laws more precisely. This shouldn't change tz's behavior but > it'll be nicer. It'll also include Ephraim Silverberg's Israel update, > which is the most pressing change. If you could hang about until say Monday I will correct the various typos and add some more details. I have to go away again for a few days so can't do it before then. > [Alex Livingston wrote:] > May I also highlight the difference between "summertime" and "summer time" > ... I'd also like to express my aversion to the abbreviation "no." > ... Finally, do all the various directives etc. use the term "GMT"? > Should consideration be given to using "UT" instead? > > When referring to an original source we should say whatever the > original source said. For "summer time", the EU seems to say > "summer-time" in this context, at least on their web sites. I don't > know what the British Government says. I'd guess "No." is common in > the British legal system, so we should keep it. I also presume that > the EU says "UTC" and the British Government says "GMT", so I'll > update the comments accordingly when I come up with a proposed patch. That is right, it is to do with accuracy of citation. All the Summer Time, summertime and summer-time variants are cited exactly as the Orders, etc, have them. Note in particular that the Directives changed from summertime to summer-time after the European Parliament got involved in the process. When commenting, I refer to Summer Time (with caps) because that is how I have always known it. The `No' for number is also how the SR&Os were cited. In fact, they were really cited as S.R. & O., 1945, No. 1208 but I trimmed some of the punctuation. I will go back to using `No.'. I refuse to consider # as we just don't use it to mean number over here, sorry. :-) The EU documents use Greenwich Mean Time and GMT throughout. The UK ones use Greenwich mean time. I was going to mention this separately, but as we are talking about UTC I may as well mention it here. There is a Bill currently before Parliament, introduced by Lord Tanlaw under whatever the Lords call their `private bill' procedure, that would substitute the words `Coordinated Universal Time' for `Greenwich mean time' in the three Acts defining time (Interpretation Act 1978, Interpretation Act (Northern Ireland) 1954 and Summer Time Act 1972). I have asked the Home Office about the Government's view of this and they are officially neutral. This means there is almost no chance of the Bill becoming law as it will not get enough time. The definition of `Coordinated Universal Time' in the Bill is `the time scale maintained by the National Physical Laboratory and known as UTC (NPL)' I don't know what this actually means. You can see the progress of this Bill by going to http://www.parliament.uk/, following the Search the Parliamentary Publications Database link, and entering `Coordinated Universal Time' as a query. > >An Order made under the the Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914 > --------------------> ^ - ^ > > There are several other instances of this, ... I plead guilty as charged. :-) It is a question of over-enthusiastic cut & paste I think. Peter Ilieve peter(a)aldie.co.uk

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Updated UK history of Summer Time
by peter＠aldie.co.uk Jan. 6, 1998

Jan. 6, 1998

A few months ago now I received email out of the blue from Joseph Myers <jsm28(a)cam.ac.uk>. He had seen the various things from me in the europe file and asked if I had found any of the missing old Orders, volunteering to help with this. He has an incomparable advantage over me in having ready access to Cambridge University Library and in a matter of days he had turned up most of the old Orders. A few days later and he had all the EC directives as well. I then sat on all this for months as I was too busy to collate it all, but this delay has had one advantage in that I can now include the Summer Time Order 1997, which came into force on 30 December 1997. Our new legislation is now on the web and this Order should appear soon at http://www.hmso.gov.uk/si/si1997/97298201.htm. If there is still room in the file for all this sort of commentary, this mail with the list that follows could usefully replace the emails of mine dated 1994-12-01, 1993-11-18, 1996-05-29, 1993-10-29, 1993-10-28, 1993-10-22, 1993-09-03, 1993-10-18 and 1993-09-03 (what a clearout :-). Peter Ilieve peter(a)aldie.co.uk --- The following list attempts to show the complete history of Summer Time legislation in the United Kingdom, and has quite a bit to say about the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well. Things that I have not personally seen are marked (???). The problem with finding old Orders (rather than Acts) is that nobody seems to keep the actual documents themselves, not even the Government. They get bound into annual volumes, which are published, but by the time this happens the Orders are mainly spent as the years they refer to have come and gone, so they don't get included in the annual volumes. Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out the dusty old statutes, to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence, who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter), and to Joseph Myers <jsm28(a)cam.ac.uk>, who tracked down the Orders up to 1945 and the first five EC Directives. Some definitions: Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales United Kingdom: Great Britain plus Ireland (up to 1922) or Northern Ireland (since 1922) SI: Statutory Instrument, the modern name for secondary legislation SR&O: Statutory Rules and Orders, the older name for secondary legislation Unless otherwise specified, Acts and secondary legislation are assumed to apply throughout the United Kingdom, but not to the Isle of Man or the Channel Islands. Some of the Acts and Orders I found in various libraries, and I don't have copies. When I looked at them I was looking for dates and not things like whether they applied to the Bailiwick of Jersey. I will try to check these documents again. --- - The Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880 Defined Greenwich Mean Time to be the standard time in Great Britain and Dublin Mean Time to be the standard time in Ireland, superseding various forms of local mean time. - The Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914 Gives the power, by Order in Council, to extend wartime legislation to the Isle of Man. - The Summer Time Act, 1916 Introduced Summer Time for the first time, in Great Britain and Ireland. Specified a one hour offset from GMT (DMT in Ireland), dates of Sunday 21 May and Sunday 1 October and times of 02:00 (GMT/DMT). Gave a power to make Orders in subsequent years, for the duration of the then current war. - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 This abolished Dublin Mean Time at 02:00 DMT on Sunday 1 October 1916, bringing the whole of the United Kingdom onto GMT. As Ireland was behind GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct Great Britain have already put the clocks back. Using DST as Dublin Summer Time the sequence would have been: Dublin London 02:34 DST 02:59 BST 02:35 DST 02:00 GMT 02:59 DST 02:24 GMT 02:25 GMT 02:25 GMT with the transition 03:00 DST -> 02:00 DMT -> 02:25 GMT all at once. - SR&O 1916, No 382 An Order made under the the Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914 extending the the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man. Dated 23 May 1916, two days after the start of Summer Time, but it says that the Act is deemed to have taken effect in the Isle of Man at the same time as it took effect in the United Kingdom. - SR&O 1917, No 362 An Order made under the the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates for Summer Time in 1917 of Sunday 8 April to Monday 17 September, both at 02:00 GMT. Note that Summer Time ends on a Monday. - SR&O 1917, No 358 An Order made under the the Summer Time (Isle of Man) Act, 1916 (the thing created by SR&O 1916, No 382) specifying the same dates of 8 April to 17 September, at 02:00 GMT for the Isle of Man. - SR&O 1918, No 274 An Order made under the the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates for Summer Time in 1918 of Sunday 24 March to Monday 30 September, both at 02:00 GMT. - SR&O 1918, No 429 The matching Isle of Man Order for 1918 with the same dates and times. - SR&O 1919, No 297 An Order made under the the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates for Summer Time in 1919 of Sunday 30 March to Monday 29 September, both at 02:00 GMT. - SR&O 1919, No 366 The matching Isle of Man Order for 1919 with the same dates and times. - SR&O 1920, No 458 An Order made under the the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates for Summer Time in 1920 of Sunday 28 March to Monday 27 September, both at 02:00 GMT. - SR&O 1920, No 573 The matching Isle of Man Order for 1920 with the same dates and times. - SR&O 1920, No 1844 An Order modifying both SR&O 1920, No 458 and SR&O 1920, No 573 to change the end date for Summer Time from Monday 27 September to Monday 25 October (the time remaining 02:00 GMT). The 1989 Green Paper (Cm 722) says this was done because of a coal strike. - The War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 (???) This extends the power to make Orders under the the Summer Time Act, 1916 for a period of 12 months after the termination of the war. I haven't seen this one so I don't know when it came into force, or when the law deemed the termination of the war to have been. - SR&O 1921, No 363 An Order made under the the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time in 1921 of Sunday 3 April to Monday 3 October, both at 02:00 GMT. - SR&O 1921, No 364 The matching Isle of Man Order for 1921 with the same dates and times. - SR&O 1922, No 264 (???) This probably defines Summer Time for 1922 as the Summer Time Act, 1922 was passed after the start date. - SR&O 1922, No 290 (???) This is probably the matching Isle of Man Order. - The Summer Time Act, 1922 This specifies an offset of 1 hour and dates of the day after the third Saturday in April, unless that be Easter, in which case it is the day after the second Saturday, and the day after the third Saturday in September. The time is 02:00 GMT. It applied in 1922 and 1923, and longer if Parliament so approved. It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well. Came into Force on 20 July 1920. Note the reversion to ending on a Sunday. - SR&O 1922, No 1205 An Order made under the The War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 dated 13 October 1922. It revokes (among other things) the Order extending the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man. - The Summer Time Act, 1925 This makes the 1922 Act permanent, with a change to the end date to the day after the first Saturday in October. Came into force on 7 August 1925. As the 1922 Act expired on 31 December 1923 unless Parliament did something about it, there are presumably some missing Orders for 1924 and 1925. - The Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939 (???) I haven't seen this one. It presumably gave the Government powers to do all manner of things during the newly started war. - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, SR&O 1939, No 1379 These were made under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939. They change the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November. - SR&O 1940, No 1883 An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. This continues summer time throughout the year after it starts in 1940. There was another Order (SR&O 1940, No 172) that I assume had merely changed the dates, and was then superseded by this one. I haven't seen No 172. - SR&O 1941, No 476 Another Order amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. This introduces double summer time, starting at 01:00 GMT on the day after the first Saturday in May and ending at 01:00 GMT on the day after the second Saturday in August, offset another hour from normal summer time, which continues throughout the rest of the year. - SR&O 1942, No 506 Another Order amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. This changes the start date of double summer time to the day after the first Saturday in April, bringing it forward from May. - SR&O 1944, No 932 This changed the end date of double summer time to 17 September 1944. (I don't have the text of this, just a note of what it did, the text almost certainly had the `day after the nth Saturday' form.) - SR&O 1945, No 312 (???) Probably defines the dates of Double Summer Time in 1945. I do have this quote from Hansard (the official record of the UK Parliament), Oral Answers, 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60: `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals regarding double summer time. [two other similar questions omitted] Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday, when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter Sunday, but in the night of Sunday- Monday so that it will operate from Monday, 2nd April.' - SR&O 1945, No 1208 An Order under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Acts, 1939 and 1940 revoking a long list of things, including the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. This meant that Summer Time reverted to being set by the 1922 and 1925 Acts. - The Summer Time Act, 1947 Came into force on 11 March 1947. Amended the Summer Time Acts, 1922 and 1925 to change the dates of Summer Time and to introduce Double Summer Time (although it doesn't give this, or any, name for this period of 2 hour offset from GMT). Dates are given for 1947 only and are: 02:00 GMT Sunday 16 March, 01:00 GMT Sunday 13 April, 01:00 GMT Sunday 10 August, and 02:00 Sunday 2 November. It gave a power to make Orders for subsequent years, both to vary the dates and to continue Double Summer Time. It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. - Summer Time Order, 1948 (SI 1948/495) (???) - Summer Time Order, 1949 (SI 1949/373) (???) - Summer Time Order, 1950 (SI 1950/518) (???) - Summer Time Order, 1951 (SI 1951/430) (???) - Summer Time Order, 1952 (SI 1952/451) (???) These presumably give the dates of Summer Time for the relevent years. There was no Double Summer Time. The dates given in the 1989 Green Paper for these years are: 1948: 14 March to 31 October 1949: 3 April to 30 October 1950: 16 April to 22 October 1951: 15 April to 21 October 1952: 20 April to 26 October After 1952 things revert back to the 1922 and 1925 Acts. - The Interpretation Act (Northern Ireland), 1954 (???) I presume that section 39 of this Act is similar to section 9 of the Interpretation Act, 1978 (listed below) in specifying GMT as the legal time in Northern Ireland, replacing the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916. - Summer Time Order, 1961 (SI 1961/71) Specified dates of 26 March and 29 October (02:00 GMT) for 1961 - Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (SI 1961/2465) Specified dates of 25 March to 28 October (02:00 GMT) for 1962. - Summer Time Order, 1963 (SI 1963/81) Specified dates of 31 March to 27 October (02:00 GMT) for 1963. - Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (SI 1963/2101) Specified dates of 22 March to 25 October (02:00 GMT) for 1964. - Summer Time Order, 1964 (SI 1964/1201) Specified dates for three years (all 02:00 GMT): 1965: 21 March to 24 October 1966: 20 March to 23 October 1967: 19 March to 29 October - Summer Time Order, 1967 (SI 1967/1148) - Summer Time Order, 1968 (SI 1968/117) The first of these specifies dates for 1968 of 18 February for the United Kingdom but 7 April for the Isle of Man, both ending on 27 October, all at 02:00 GMT. The second Order changes the Isle of Man start date to 18 February to match the UK. - The British Standard Time Act, 1968 This came into force on 27 October 1968 and continued summer time throughout the year. It expired at 02:00 GMT on 31 October 1971, as specified in the Act, as Parliament did not move to make this experment permanent. It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. Interestingly, it says baldly `This Act shall come into force on 27 October 1968', without giving a time. As S1 of the Act merely stated that `The time for general purposes in the United Kingdom (to be known as British standard time) shall be one hour in advance of Greenwich mean time throughout the year; ...' you could possibly argue that the start time of BStandardT was 00:00 1968-10-27, especially as the Act repealed the Summer Time Acts 1916--1947 in toto, thereby destroying the authority of the Summer Time Order specifying summer time in 1968. - The Manx Time Act, 1968 This is an Act of Tynwald (the Isle of Man Parliament) that said that henceforth Manx time would be the same as the time in Great Britain. - The Summer Time Act, 1972 This specified a reversion to normal Summer Time behaviour with a start date of the day after the third Saturday in March, unless that is Easter, when it is the day after the second Saturday, and an end date of the day after the fourth Saturday in October. Times are at 02:00 GMT, offset is 1 hour. It gives the power to make Orders to vary these dates and times. This Act is still in force and is the legal authority for implementing the EC Directives in the UK. - The Interpretation Act, 1978 Section 9 of this Act replaces section 1 of the Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880 with very similar wording maintaining GMT as the legal time in Great Britain. This does not apply in Northern Ireland (it has its own Interpretation Act listed above). - Council Directive of 22 July 1980 on summertime arrangements (80/737/EEC) The first of the European Directives on Summer Time. It specified start dates for 1981 and 1982. No agreement had been reached on end dates. Only dates were given, there was no rule like `last Sunday in March'. The main change for the United Kingdom was a move to a 01:00 GMT change time. The dates: 1981: 29 March 1982: 28 March - Summer Time Order, 1980 (SI 1980/1089) Specified dates for 1981 and 1982, with the start dates as in the EC Directive: 1981: 29 March to 25 October 1982: 28 March to 24 October - Second Council Directive of 10 June 1982 on summertime arrangements (82/399/EEC) The next European Directive. Specified dates for three years, 1983 to 1985. Agreement still hadn't been reached on a common end date, and wouldn't be until 1994 with the appeareance of the seventh Directive with a common date for 1996 and beyond, but this time the Directive gave two sets of end dates. The start date was specified by rule: the last Sunday in March. All times were 01:00 GMT. The end dates were given without rule, as: 1983: 25 September or 23 October 1984: 30 September or 28 october 1985: 29 September or 27 October - Summer Time Order, 1982 (SI 1982/1673) Implemented the second EC Directive, using the October end dates. 1983: 27 March to 23 October 1984: 25 March to 28 october 1985: 31 March to 27 October - Third Council Directive of 12 December 1984 on summertime arrangements (84/634/EEC) Specified start dates of the last Sunday in March and two sets of end dates, last Sunday in September and fourth Sunday in October, all at 01:00 GMT. The end dates were also specified as dates: 1986: 28 September or 26 October 1987: 27 September or 25 October 1988: 25 September or 23 October - Summer Time Order, 1986 (SI 1986/223) Implemented the third EC Directive, using the October end dates. 1986: 30 Match to 26 October 1987: 29 March to 25 October 1988: 27 March to 23 October - Council Directive of 20 December 1985 amending Directive 84/634/EEC on summertime arrangements (85/582/EEC) This was to do with the accession of Spain and Portugal to the EEC. The previous directve had used wording like `Member States belonging to the zero (Greenwich) time zone' when refering to the different sets of end dates. Portugal was in that time zone but was not going to follow the UK and Ireland dates, so the text was reworded without any change to the dates themselves. - Fourth Council Directive of 22 December 1987 on summertime arrangements (88/14/EEC) This Directive covered only a single year: 1989. My guess is that this was because 1989 was one of the years when the historic UK end date of the Sunday after the fourth Saturday in October differed from the rule in the previous Directive of the fourth Sunday in October. All times are 01:00 GMT. No rule was specified, specific dates were given: 1989: 26 March to 24 September or 29 October - Summer Time Order, 1988 (SI 1988/931) Implemented the dates of 26 March to 29 October for 1989. - Fifth Council Directive of 21 December 1988 on summertime arrangements (89/47/EEC) Covered the three years 1990 to 1992. All times are 01:00 GMT. Gave both rules (last Sunday in March, last Sunday in September or fourth Sunday in October) and specific dates: 1990: 25 March to 30 September or 28 October 1991: 31 March to 29 September or 27 October 1992: 29 March to 27 September or 25 October - Summer Time Order, 1989 (SI 1989/985) Implemented the fifth Directive using the October end dates. - Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC of 26 March 1992 on summertime arrangements Covered the two years 1993 and 1994. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specified both rules (same as the fifth Directive) and specific dates: 1993: 28 March to 26 September or 24 October 1994: 27 March to 25 September or 23 October - Summer Time Order, 1992 (SI 1992/1729) Implemented the sixth Directive using the October end dates. - Seventh Directive 94/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 May 1994 on summer-time arrangements Covered the three years 1995 to 1997. Agreement had finally been reached on a common end date, to start in 1996. Both rules and dates were given. The rules were the same last Sunday in March to last Sunday in September or fourth Sunday in October for 1995, with the end rule changing to the last Sunday in October for 1996 and 1997. The year 1995 was another of the tricky ones where the EC and traditional UK rules differed but this time the UK changed on the fourth Sunday, 22 October, earlier than usual. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specific dates were also given: 1995: 26 March to 24 September or 22 October 1996: 31 March to 27 October 1997: 30 March to 26 October - Summer Time Order 1994 (SI 1994/2798) Implements the seventh Directive using the October end date in 1995. Applies also to the Bailiwick of Guernsey but not to the Bailiwick of Jersey or the Isle of Man, which have their own (unspecified) legislation on the subject. - Eighth Directive 97/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements Covers four years: 1998 to 2001. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specifies both rules, last Sunday in March and ast Sunday in October, and specific dates: 1998: 29 March to 25 October 1999: 28 March to 31 October 2000: 26 March to 29 October 2001: 25 March to 28 October - Summer Time Order 1997 (SI 1997/2982) Implements the eighth Directive. Has the same text about the Isle of Man, Guernsey and Jersey as the 1994 Order.

4 4

Australian time legislation
by Eric Ulevik Jan. 5, 1998

Jan. 5, 1998

Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more relevant entries in this database. NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html ACT http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/consol_act/stasta1972279/i ndex.html SA http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html Regards, Eric Ulevik

1 0

Israel Timezone -- Tentative Dates for 1998
by Ephraim Silverberg Dec. 31, 1997

Dec. 31, 1997

Here are the tentative (subject to final parliamentary approval) dates for the State of Israel for the year 1998. The following are context diffs for the file 'asia' extracted from ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata1997k.tar.gz -----------------------------Begin Context Diff------------------------------ *** asia.orig Mon Dec 29 16:53:41 1997 --- asia Wed Dec 31 13:24:50 1997 *************** *** 547,562 **** # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 ! # (with the dates for 1997 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: # # ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz # ! # The dates for 1997 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. ! # No changes have been made regarding 1998 as of yet. ! # # The official announcement for the year 1997 can be viewed at: # # ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1997.ps.gz # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D --- 547,564 ---- # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 ! # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: # # ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz # ! # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. # The official announcement for the year 1997 can be viewed at: # # ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1997.ps.gz + # + # According to the Office of the Spokeswoman for the Ministry of Interior, + # the dates for 1998 are tentative and are still subject to final approval + # (probably in late February/early March of 1998). # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D *************** *** 564,570 **** Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1998 only - Oct 18 0:00 0 S # From Paul Eggert (1997-03-15): # Here are guesses for rules after 1998. --- 566,572 ---- Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S # From Paul Eggert (1997-03-15): # Here are guesses for rules after 1998. ------------------------------End Context Diff------------------------------- If there are any changes or when final approval is obtained, I'll inform the 'tz' list. ___________________________________________________________________________ Ephraim Silverberg, CS System Group, Phone number: 972-2-6585521 Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel. Fax number: 972-2-6585439 WWW: http://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~ephraim E-mail: ephraim(a)cs.huji.ac.il

1 0

tzcode1997i.tar.gz and tzdata1997k.tar.gz
by ado Dec. 29, 1997

Dec. 29, 1997

The files ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzcode1997i.tar.gz and ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata1997k.tar.gz are now available. These incorporate the changes circulated on the time zone list by Paul Eggert, with minor modifications from Arthur David Olson to make the files more browser friendly. --ado

1 0

proposed tz patch for UTC vs GMT, France through 1976, etc.
by Paul Eggert Dec. 27, 1997

Dec. 27, 1997

Here is a set of proposed patches to the tz database to cover the following issues: * As Denis.Excoffier(a)ens.fr pointed out, descriptions are a bit sloppy about the distinction between GMT, UT, and UTC. GMT was the official time base until the 1920s, when the term UT took over; UTC is a UT variant that became codified as the basis for civil time around 1960. The proposed patch attempts to use the correct terms more consistently. * Excoffier also pointed out that some of the data for France between 1916 and 1976 did not agree with the Ephemerides Astronomiques, and the effective dates of the French Revolutionary calendar were incorrect in the comments. * msb(a)sq.com reported that Atikokan, Ontario did not observe DST, but we don't have the details, so for now we'll just include a comment about it. * Europe/Ljubljana, Europe/Sarajevo, Europe/Skopje, and Europe/Zagreb are more efficiently maintained as links to Europe/Belgrade, since they've been identical ever since standard time was introduced. * Sun no longer does the equivalent of defining TM_GMTOFF in their recent releases, but Linux does. * A thread-safe tz file reader is now available as part of the GNU C Library. * The DHL time zone database is no longer easily reachable. * The Gregorian calendar was introduced gradually in Switzerland. =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/Makefile,v retrieving revision 1997.8 retrieving revision 1997.8.0.1 diff -u -r1997.8 -r1997.8.0.1 --- Makefile 1997/12/11 17:50:04 1997.8 +++ Makefile 1997/12/27 07:53:14 1997.8.0.1 @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ # time zone files, or adding it to a time zone file). # (When a POSIX-style environment variable is handled, the rules in the # template file are used to determine "spring forward" and "fall back" days and -# times; the environment variable itself specifies GMT offsets of standard and +# times; the environment variable itself specifies UTC offsets of standard and # summer time.) # Alternately, if you discover you've got the wrong time zone, you can just # zic -p rightzone @@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ # to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. # Neither tm_gmtoff nor _tm_gmtoff is described in X3J11's work; # in its work, use of "tm_gmtoff" is described as non-conforming. -# Both UCB and Sun have done the equivalent of defining TM_GMTOFF in +# Both Linux and BSD have done the equivalent of defining TM_GMTOFF in # their recent releases. # # If your system has a "zone abbreviation" field in its "struct tm"s @@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ # that gives an offset to add to the time_t when converting it. # "timelocal" is equivalent to "mktime". # "timegm" is like "timelocal" except that it turns a struct tm into -# a time_t using GMT (rather than local time as "timelocal" does). +# a time_t using UTC (rather than local time as "timelocal" does). # "timeoff" is like "timegm" except that it accepts a second (long) argument # that gives an offset to use when converting to a time_t. # "posix2time" and "time2posix" are described in an included manual page. =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/Theory,v retrieving revision 1997.7 retrieving revision 1997.7.0.1 diff -u -r1997.7 -r1997.7.0.1 --- Theory 1997/09/04 20:54:15 1997.7 +++ Theory 1997/12/27 07:53:14 1997.7.0.1 @@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ system's best idea of local wall clock. (This is important for applications that an administrator wants used only at certain times-- without regard to whether the user has fiddled the "TZ" environment - variable. While an administrator can "do everything in GMT" to get + variable. While an administrator can "do everything in UTC" to get around the problem, doing so is inconvenient and precludes handling daylight saving time shifts--as might be required to limit phone calls to off-peak hours.) @@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ but this functionality was removed in later versions of BSD. * In SVR2, time conversion fails for near-minimum or near-maximum - time_t values when doing conversions for places that don't use GMT. + time_t values when doing conversions for places that don't use UTC. This package takes care to do these conversions correctly. The functions that are conditionally compiled if STD_INSPIRED is defined @@ -281,5 +281,5 @@ Application writers should note that these abbreviations are ambiguous in practice: e.g. `EST' has a different meaning in Australia than it does in the United States. In new applications, it's often better -to use numeric GMT offsets like `-0500' instead of time zone +to use numeric UTC offsets like `-0500' instead of time zone abbreviations like `EST'; this avoids the ambiguity. =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/WWW.htm,v retrieving revision 1997.6 retrieving revision 1997.6.0.1 diff -u -r1997.6 -r1997.6.0.1 --- WWW.htm 1997/07/18 04:03:20 1997.6 +++ WWW.htm 1997/12/27 07:53:14 1997.6.0.1 @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ to UTC offsets and daylight-saving rules. This database (often called <samp>zoneinfo</samp>) is used by several implementations, -including BSD, DJGPP, GNU/Linux, Irix, Solaris, and Unixware. +including BSD, DJGPP, GNU/Linux, HP-UX, IRIX, Solaris, and UnixWare. In the tz database's <A HREF="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/">FTP distribution</A>, the code is in the file <samp>tzcode<var>C</var>.tar.gz</samp>, @@ -28,6 +28,12 @@ similarly, the data are in <samp>tzdata<var>D</var>.tar.gz</samp>, where <samp><var>D</var></samp> is the data's version. <P> +The <A HREF="ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/GETTING.GNU.SOFTWARE"> +GNU C Library</A> has an independent, thread-safe implementation of +a time zone file reader. +This library is freely available under the GNU Library General Public License, +and is widely used in GNU/Linux systems. +<P> The Web has several other sources for time zone and daylight saving time data. Here are some recent links that may be of interest. <UL> @@ -62,7 +68,7 @@ with diagrams. The time zone map is out of date, however. <LI><A HREF="http://community.bellcore.com/mbr/gmt-explained.html">A Few Facts -Concerning RGO, GMT, and UT, by Richard B. Langley</A> +Concerning GMT, UT, and the RGO</A> answers questions like ``What is the difference between GMT and UTC?'' <LI><A HREF="http://www.energy.ca.gov/energy/daylightsaving.html">Daylight Saving Time -- Saving Time, Saving Energy</A> @@ -79,7 +85,7 @@ when leap seconds occur. </UL> -- <A HREF="mailto:eggert@twinsun.com">eggert(a)twinsun.com</A> -(1997-07-16) +(1997-12-26) </P> <H2>Arthur David Olson writes:</H2><P> A good source of information about ISO 8601 seems to be @@ -90,20 +96,5 @@ -- <A HREF="mailto:arthur_david_olson@nih.gov">arthur_david_olson(a)nih.gov</A> (1996-01-04) </P> -<H2>Manavendra Thakur writes:</H2><P> -<A HREF="http://www.dhl.com/dhl/dhlinfo/1bb.html">DHL Information</A> -is run by <A HREF="http://www.dhl.com/">DHL</A> -(the courier company), and it presents a list of the -countries served by that company.... -Here's an example of what you'll see for the -<A HREF="http://www.dhl.com/dhlinfo/country/unitedki.html">United Kingdom</A>. -I find this rather handy, and given that DHL covers 217 countries and -territories, it's pretty comprehensive coverage. -(I have no idea what system DHL is using to calculate the local time, but -it's been accurate so far.) -<P> --- <A HREF="mailto:Manavendra_Thakur@NeXT.COM">Manavendra_Thakur(a)NeXT.COM</A> -(1995-11-06) -</P> </BODY> </HTML> =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/africa,v retrieving revision 1997.10 retrieving revision 1997.10.0.1 diff -u -r1997.10 -r1997.10.0.1 --- africa 1997/12/18 22:47:20 1997.10 +++ africa 1997/12/27 07:53:14 1997.10.0.1 @@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ # Liberia # From Paul Eggert <eggert(a)twinsun.com> (1993-11-18): # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch -# from a GMT offset that was not a multiple of 15 minutes. +# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 minutes. # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. # Shanks reports the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; go with Shanks. # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks reports -0:44, whereas Howse and Whitman =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/australasia,v retrieving revision 1997.10 retrieving revision 1997.10.0.1 diff -u -r1997.10 -r1997.10.0.1 --- australasia 1997/12/18 22:47:21 1997.10 +++ australasia 1997/12/27 07:53:14 1997.10.0.1 @@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ Rule NZ 1929 only - Oct 30 2:00 0:30 HD Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 HD -# Whitman says DST went on and off during war years, and the base GMT offset +# Whitman says DST went on and off during war years, and the base UT offset # didn't change until 1945 Apr 30; go with Shanks. Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule NZ 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 HD =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/date.1,v retrieving revision 1995.3 retrieving revision 1995.3.0.1 diff -u -r1995.3 -r1995.3.0.1 --- date.1 1995/03/11 17:55:46 1995.3 +++ date.1 1997/12/27 07:53:14 1995.3.0.1 @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ These options are available: .TP .BR \-u " or " \-c -Use GMT when setting and showing the date and time. +Use UTC when setting and showing the date and time. .TP .B \-n Do not notify other networked systems of the time change. @@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ (The kernel-stored DST type is used mostly by ``old'' binaries.) .TP .BI "\-t " minutes-west -Set the kernel-stored ``minutes west of GMT'' value to the one given on the +Set the kernel-stored ``minutes west of UTC'' value to the one given on the command line. (The kernel-stored DST type is used mostly by ``old'' binaries.) .TP =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/date.c,v retrieving revision 1997.1 retrieving revision 1997.1.0.1 diff -u -r1997.1 -r1997.1.0.1 --- date.c 1997/01/21 00:02:25 1997.1 +++ date.c 1997/12/27 07:53:14 1997.1.0.1 @@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ switch (ch) { default: usage(); - case 'u': /* do it in GMT */ + case 'u': /* do it in UTC */ case 'c': dogmt(); break; @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ wildinput(_("-t value"), optarg, _("must be a non-negative number")); break; - case 't': /* minutes west of GMT */ + case 't': /* minutes west of UTC */ if (tflag) { (void) fprintf(stderr, _("date: error: multiple -t's used")); @@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ ** TZ=America/New_York date 8712311859.60 ** when the leap second was inserted.) ** The normal check won't work since - ** the given time is valid in GMT. + ** the given time is valid in UTC. */ if (atoi(cp + 1) >= SECSPERMIN) wildinput(_("time"), value, =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/etcetera,v retrieving revision 1997.10 retrieving revision 1997.10.0.1 diff -u -r1997.10 -r1997.10.0.1 --- etcetera 1997/12/18 22:47:21 1997.10 +++ etcetera 1997/12/27 07:53:14 1997.10.0.1 @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ # We use POSIX-style signedness in the names and output, # internal-style signedness in the specifications. -# For example, TZ=Etc/GMT+4 corresponds to 4 hours _behind_ GMT; +# For example, TZ=Etc/GMT+4 corresponds to 4 hours _behind_ UTC; # it is equivalent to TZ=GMT+4, which is implemented directly as per POSIX. # Earlier incarnations of this package were not POSIX-compliant, =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/europe,v retrieving revision 1997.10 retrieving revision 1997.10.0.1 diff -u -r1997.10 -r1997.10.0.1 --- europe 1997/12/18 22:47:23 1997.10 +++ europe 1997/12/27 07:53:14 1997.10.0.1 @@ -1040,13 +1040,7 @@ 1:00 EU CE%sT # Bosnia and Herzegovina -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884 - 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s - 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s - 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 - 1:00 EU CE%sT +# see Yugoslavia # Bulgaria # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S @@ -1066,13 +1060,7 @@ 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT # Croatia -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884 - 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s - 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s - 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 - 1:00 EU CE%sT +# see Yugosloavia # Czech Republic # Gregorian calendar adopted 1584-01-17. @@ -1192,13 +1180,14 @@ # France # Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20. -# French Revolutionary calendar used 1792-09-22 - 1805-12-31. +# French Revolutionary calendar used 1793-11-24 through 1805-12-31, +# and (in Paris only) 1871-05-06 through 1871-05-23. # # Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman. # From Shanks (1991): # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S -Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - +Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S @@ -1230,27 +1219,34 @@ # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, # but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco). Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 DS -Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 1:00 1:00 S -Rule France 1942 only - Mar 8 0:00 2:00 DS +# Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, +# but go with Denis.Excoffier(a)ens.fr (1997-12-12), +# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes +# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. +Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S +Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 DS Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 DS -Rule France 1943 only - Nov 4 3:00 1:00 S +Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 DS Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 DS Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - -Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule France 1976 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - +# Shanks gives Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; +# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. +Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S +Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - # Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05, # but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. # Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 +Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time - 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 +# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier's 14/6/40 22hUT. + 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 - 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 + 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1:00 EU CE%sT @@ -1565,13 +1561,7 @@ 1:00 EU CE%sT # Macedonia -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884 - 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s - 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s - 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 - 1:00 EU CE%sT +# see Yugoslavia # Malta # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S @@ -1961,13 +1951,7 @@ Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava # Slovenia -# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884 - 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s - 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s - 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 - 1:00 EU CE%sT +# see Yugoslavia # Spain # Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15. @@ -2072,6 +2056,8 @@ 1:00 EU CE%sT # Switzerland +# The Gregorian calendar was introduced gradually in Switzerland, +# by omitting leap years during 1583-1812. # From Howse (1988), p 82: # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace # and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep @@ -2211,6 +2197,10 @@ # Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj. 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 1:00 EU CE%sT +Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia +Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina +Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia +Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia ############################################################################### =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/leapseconds,v retrieving revision 1997.2 retrieving revision 1997.2.0.1 diff -u -r1997.2 -r1997.2.0.1 --- leapseconds 1997/02/27 23:03:42 1997.2 +++ leapseconds 1997/12/27 07:53:14 1997.2.0.1 @@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ # Leap YEAR MON DAY 23:59:59 - R/S # If the leapsecond is Rolling (R) the given time is local time -# If the leapsecond is Stationary (S) the given time is GMT +# If the leapsecond is Stationary (S) the given time is UTC # Leap YEAR MONTH DAY HH:MM:SS CORR R/S Leap 1972 Jun 30 23:59:60 + S =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/localtime.c,v retrieving revision 1997.7 retrieving revision 1997.7.0.1 diff -u -r1997.7 -r1997.7.0.1 --- localtime.c 1997/09/04 20:54:53 1997.7 +++ localtime.c 1997/12/27 07:53:14 1997.7.0.1 @@ -60,11 +60,11 @@ static const char gmt[] = "GMT"; struct ttinfo { /* time type information */ - long tt_gmtoff; /* GMT offset in seconds */ + long tt_gmtoff; /* UTC offset in seconds */ int tt_isdst; /* used to set tm_isdst */ int tt_abbrind; /* abbreviation list index */ int tt_ttisstd; /* TRUE if transition is std time */ - int tt_ttisgmt; /* TRUE if transition is GMT */ + int tt_ttisgmt; /* TRUE if transition is UTC */ }; struct lsinfo { /* leap second information */ @@ -588,8 +588,8 @@ } /* -** Given the Epoch-relative time of January 1, 00:00:00 GMT, in a year, the -** year, a rule, and the offset from GMT at the time that rule takes effect, +** Given the Epoch-relative time of January 1, 00:00:00 UTC, in a year, the +** year, a rule, and the offset from UTC at the time that rule takes effect, ** calculate the Epoch-relative time that rule takes effect. */ @@ -675,10 +675,10 @@ } /* - ** "value" is the Epoch-relative time of 00:00:00 GMT on the day in + ** "value" is the Epoch-relative time of 00:00:00 UTC on the day in ** question. To get the Epoch-relative time of the specified local ** time on that day, add the transition time and the current offset - ** from GMT. + ** from UTC. */ return value + rulep->r_time + offset; } @@ -1065,7 +1065,7 @@ #ifdef TM_ZONE /* ** Could get fancy here and deliver something such as - ** "GMT+xxxx" or "GMT-xxxx" if offset is non-zero, + ** "UTC+xxxx" or "UTC-xxxx" if offset is non-zero, ** but this is no time for a treasure hunt. */ if (offset != 0) @@ -1576,7 +1576,7 @@ /* ** IEEE Std 1003.1-1988 (POSIX) legislates that 536457599 -** shall correspond to "Wed Dec 31 23:59:59 GMT 1986", which +** shall correspond to "Wed Dec 31 23:59:59 UTC 1986", which ** is not the case if we are accounting for leap seconds. ** So, we provide the following conversion routines for use ** when exchanging timestamps with POSIX conforming systems. =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/northamerica,v retrieving revision 1997.10 retrieving revision 1997.10.0.1 diff -u -r1997.10 -r1997.10.0.1 --- northamerica 1997/12/18 22:47:24 1997.10 +++ northamerica 1997/12/27 07:53:14 1997.10.0.1 @@ -651,6 +651,18 @@ # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of. # Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax. +# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17): +# msb(a)sq.com writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star +# says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST, +# but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT. +# He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9) +# <URL:http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html> +# says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT. +# Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report +# concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice. +# For what it's worth, Shanks (1995) says that Atikokan has agreed with +# Rainy River ever since standard time was introduced. + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Mont 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 1:00 D Rule Mont 1917 only - Apr 24 0:00 0 S =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/time2posix.3,v retrieving revision 1.1 retrieving revision 1.1.0.1 diff -u -r1.1 -r1.1.0.1 --- time2posix.3 1997/05/03 22:52:22 1.1 +++ time2posix.3 1997/12/27 07:53:14 1.1.0.1 @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ IEEE Standard 1003.1 (POSIX) legislates that a time_t value of -536457599 shall correspond to "Wed Dec 31 23:59:59 GMT 1986." +536457599 shall correspond to "Wed Dec 31 23:59:59 UTC 1986." This effectively implies that POSIX time_t's cannot include leap seconds and, therefore, =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/tzfile.5,v retrieving revision 1997.8 retrieving revision 1997.8.0.1 diff -u -r1997.8 -r1997.8.0.1 --- tzfile.5 1997/12/18 22:45:42 1997.8 +++ tzfile.5 1997/12/27 07:53:14 1997.8.0.1 @@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ in order: .TP .I tzh_ttisgmtcnt -The number of GMT/local indicators stored in the file. +The number of UTC/local indicators stored in the file. .TP .I tzh_ttisstdcnt The number of standard/wall indicators stored in the file. @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ .IR tt_abbrind . In each structure, .I tt_gmtoff -gives the number of seconds to be added to GMT, +gives the number of seconds to be added to UTC, .I tt_isdst tells whether .I tm_isdst @@ -114,9 +114,9 @@ .PP Finally there are .I tzh_ttisgmtcnt -GMT/local indicators, each stored as a one-byte value; +UTC/local indicators, each stored as a one-byte value; they tell whether the transition times associated with local time types -were specified as GMT or local time, +were specified as UTC or local time, and are used when a time zone file is used in handling POSIX-style time zone environment variables. .PP =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/tzfile.h,v retrieving revision 1997.8 retrieving revision 1997.8.0.1 diff -u -r1997.8 -r1997.8.0.1 --- tzfile.h 1997/12/18 22:42:49 1997.8 +++ tzfile.h 1997/12/27 07:53:14 1997.8.0.1 @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ ** tzh_timecnt (char [4])s coded transition times a la time(2) ** tzh_timecnt (unsigned char)s types of local time starting at above ** tzh_typecnt repetitions of -** one (char [4]) coded GMT offset in seconds +** one (char [4]) coded UTC offset in seconds ** one (unsigned char) used to set tm_isdst ** one (unsigned char) that's an abbreviation list index ** tzh_charcnt (char)s '\0'-terminated zone abbreviations @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ ** if absent, transition times are ** assumed to be wall clock time ** tzh_ttisgmtcnt (char)s indexed by type; if TRUE, transition -** time is GMT, if FALSE, +** time is UTC, if FALSE, ** transition time is local time ** if absent, transition times are ** assumed to be local time =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/zdump.c,v retrieving revision 1997.3 retrieving revision 1997.3.0.1 diff -u -r1997.3 -r1997.3.0.1 --- zdump.c 1997/03/07 21:06:32 1997.3 +++ zdump.c 1997/12/27 07:53:14 1997.3.0.1 @@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ (void) printf("%-*s ", (int) longest, zone); if (v) - (void) printf("%.24s GMT = ", asctime(gmtime(&t))); + (void) printf("%.24s UTC = ", asctime(gmtime(&t))); tmp = localtime(&t); (void) printf("%.24s", asctime(tmp)); if (*abbr(tmp) != '\0') =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/zic.8,v retrieving revision 1997.8 retrieving revision 1997.8.0.1 diff -u -r1997.8 -r1997.8.0.1 --- zic.8 1997/12/18 22:43:40 1997.8 +++ zic.8 1997/12/27 07:53:14 1997.8.0.1 @@ -272,13 +272,13 @@ zone. .TP .B GMTOFF -The amount of time to add to GMT to get standard time in this zone. +The amount of time to add to UTC to get standard time in this zone. This field has the same format as the .B AT and .B SAVE fields of rule lines; -begin the field with a minus sign if time must be subtracted from GMT. +begin the field with a minus sign if time must be subtracted from UTC. .TP .B RULES/SAVE The name of the rule(s) that apply in the time zone or, @@ -299,10 +299,10 @@ separates standard and daylight abbreviations. .TP .B UNTIL -The time at which the GMT offset or the rule(s) change for a location. +The time at which the UTC offset or the rule(s) change for a location. It is specified as a year, a month, a day, and a time of day. If this is specified, -the time zone information is generated from the given GMT offset +the time zone information is generated from the given UTC offset and rule change until the time specified. The month, day, and time of day have the same format as the IN, ON, and AT columns of a rule; trailing columns can be omitted, and default to the @@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ field should be (an abbreviation of) .q Stationary -if the leap second time given by the other fields should be interpreted as GMT +if the leap second time given by the other fields should be interpreted as UTC or (an abbreviation of) .q Rolling =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/zic.c,v retrieving revision 1997.8 retrieving revision 1997.8.0.1 diff -u -r1997.8 -r1997.8.0.1 --- zic.c 1997/12/18 22:39:55 1997.8 +++ zic.c 1997/12/27 07:53:14 1997.8.0.1 @@ -1020,7 +1020,7 @@ } z.z_filename = filename; z.z_linenum = linenum; - z.z_gmtoff = gethms(fields[i_gmtoff], _("invalid GMT offset"), TRUE); + z.z_gmtoff = gethms(fields[i_gmtoff], _("invalid UTC offset"), TRUE); if ((cp = strchr(fields[i_format], '%')) != 0) { if (*++cp != 's' || strchr(cp, '%') != 0) { error(_("invalid abbreviation format")); @@ -1630,7 +1630,7 @@ INITIALIZE(ktime); if (useuntil) { /* - ** Turn untiltime into GMT + ** Turn untiltime into UTC ** assuming the current gmtoff and ** stdoff values. */

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tzcode1997h.tar.gz and tzdata1997j.tar.gz
by ado Dec. 18, 1997

Dec. 18, 1997

The files ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzcode1997h.tar.gz and ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzdata1997j.tar.gz are now available. These involve the minor changes to put "TZif" at the start of each time zone information file; a rule has also been added to the Makefile so you can make zones to just recompile the zone information files (rather than doing a full "make install" with its other effects). Folks had concerns about the "beta" approach to time stamping of files; I expect to see some proposals for alternate approaches on the mailing list shortly. Note that ASCII stamps of the form yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss or yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss UCT (or whatever variant of "UCT" is standard-compliant these days) will "strcmp" correctly, are human readable, and avoid 2038 problems (though they do, of course, have 9999 problems). --ado

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Review of tzbeta code
by John Cowan Dec. 18, 1997

Dec. 18, 1997

I believe the proposed mechanism for implementing "Updated" timestamps is flawed, and should be modified before leaving beta status. The current design allows either a rule or a zone to be marked as Updated at a certain time, thus. Special comments in the zoneinfo source files of the form #Updated Zone <zonename> <year> [month day hh:mm:ss] or #Updated Rule <rulename> <year> [month day hh:mm:ss] are understood as indicating that the specified Zone or Rule was updated at the specified time. Each binary zoneinfo file is marked to indicate the latest #Updated time associated with it. This is stored in the form "yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss". The beta software currently doesn't actually examine the binary stamp, but the intention is obviously to allow automated supercession of obsolete zoneinfo files. The trouble with this stamp, of course, is that it lacks any indication of time zone! Formally, this does not matter, because the data is read from the source files in ASCII form and written to the binary file in ASCII form. However, comparing two binary files to see which one is more current is an undefined operation, because there is no indication of whether the stamp is UTC, or the zone's own time, or ADO's personal time zone, or what. This will become particularly important if an erroneous source file is issued, because a correction might very well come out quickly, in less than a day. If the correction comes from a different physical location, the #Updated stamp might appear to be earlier in time on the corrected file than on the erroneous one. The results would be most unfortunate. This problem could be resolved by convention, such as always using GMT #Updated values, but this would not be enforced. It would be better, IMHO, to require a <zonename> to be supplied. However, it would probably be a bad idea to make zic runs depend on the pre-existence of a zoneinfo implementation, so the <zonename> could be required to be "GMT" or "UTC". For the same kinds of reasons, the stamp value in the binary zoneinfo files should be stored as a big-endian 32-bit time_t, like other GMT times. -- John Cowan http://www.ccil.org/~cowan cowan(a)ccil.org e'osai ko sarji la lojban

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