- tz - lists.iana.org

[PATCH] Give free source for Quinn paper
by Paul Eggert April 2, 2017

April 2, 2017

* leapseconds.awk, zic.8: Mention the NIST-distributed copy of the Quinn paper, too. --- leapseconds.awk | 5 ++++- zic.8 | 5 ++++- 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/leapseconds.awk b/leapseconds.awk index 21fe540..8cd2f7e 100644 --- a/leapseconds.awk +++ b/leapseconds.awk @@ -20,7 +20,10 @@ BEGIN { print "# periodically uses leap seconds to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1" print "# (which measures the true angular orientation of the earth in space); see" print "# Terry J Quinn, The BIPM and the accurate measure of time," - print "# Proc IEEE 79, 7 (July 1991), 894-905 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5.84965>." + print "# Proc IEEE 79, 7 (July 1991), 894-905 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5.84965>," + print "# reprinted in: Hackman C, Sullivan DB (eds), Time and frequency measurement," + print "# American Association of Physics Teachers (1996)," + print "# <http://tf.nist.gov/general/pdf/1168.pdf>, 75-86." print "# There were no leap seconds before 1972, because the official mechanism" print "# accounting for the discrepancy between atomic time and the earth's rotation" print "# did not exist until the early 1970s." diff --git a/zic.8 b/zic.8 index e5e71f5..25dac78 100644 --- a/zic.8 +++ b/zic.8 @@ -463,7 +463,10 @@ if a second was skipped. .\" than one leap second to be inserted or deleted at a time. .\" The C Standard is in error in suggesting the possibility. .\" See Terry J Quinn, The BIPM and the accurate measure of time, -.\" Proc IEEE 79, 7 (July 1991), 894-905. +.\" Proc IEEE 79, 7 (July 1991), 894-905, reprinted in +.\" Hackman C, Sullivan DB (eds), Time and frequency measurement, +.\" American Association of Physics Teachers (1996), +.\" <http://tf.nist.gov/general/pdf/1168.pdf>, 75-86." .\" or .\" .q ++ .\" if two seconds were added -- 2.9.3

1 0

Re: [tz] Israel Timezone query
by Vidyalakshmi Badiger March 29, 2017

March 29, 2017

Dear Tz Team, As per the below request the Time zone value for Israel need to be changed from “GMT +2 (Default Value) to (Default value). So how can we proceed to provide this change? Regards, Vidya From: 황주연 [mailto:juyeon.hwang@lge.com] Sent: Tuesday, March 28, 2017 5:16 AM To: Vidyalakshmi Badiger/LGSIA MPS-7(vidya.badiger(a)lge.com) Cc: 김성경/책임연구원/MC연구소 SW플랫폼실 1팀 1파트(sungkyoung.kim(a)lge.com); Divya Srivastava/LGSIA MPS-7(divya.srivastava(a)lge.com); 황주연/선임연구원/MC연구소 SW플랫폼실 1팀 2파트(juyeon.hwang(a)lge.com) Subject: RE: Israel Timezone query Dear Vidyalakshmi Badiger, We not modify tzdata manually. I think you can contact IANA (tz(a)iana.org<mailto:tz@iana.org>) Thank you. From: Vidyalakshmi Badiger [mailto:vidya.badiger@lge.com] Sent: Monday, March 27, 2017 6:51 PM To: juyeon.hwang(a)lge.com<mailto:juyeon.hwang@lge.com> Cc: sungkyoung.kim(a)lge.com<mailto:sungkyoung.kim@lge.com>; Divya Srivastava <divya.srivastava(a)lge.com<mailto:divya.srivastava@lge.com>> Subject: FW: Israel Timezone query Dear Juyeon, As per the below request the Time zone value for Israel need to be changed from “GMT +2 (Default Value) to (Default value). So how can we proceed to provide this change? Regards, Vidya From: Vidyalakshmi Badiger/LGSIA MPS-7(vidya.badiger(a)lge.com<mailto:vidya.badiger@lge.com>) Sent: Thursday, March 23, 2017 6:27 PM To: Raghavendra Revankar/LGSIA MPS-7(raghavendra.revankar(a)lge.com<mailto:raghavendra.revankar@lge.com>); Veena Kalasannavar/LGSIA DP PL(veena.kalasannavar(a)lge.com<mailto:veena.kalasannavar@lge.com>); Satish K R/LGSIA MPS-7(satish.babu(a)lge.com<mailto:satish.babu@lge.com>) Cc: Harish Mollin/LGSIA DP PL(harish.mollin(a)lge.com<mailto:harish.mollin@lge.com>); Bhavya SP/LGSIA DP PL(bhavya.sp(a)lge.com<mailto:bhavya.sp@lge.com>) Subject: RE: Israel Timezone query Dear Veena, Please find the details, Can you please confirm the current time zone value present in Google’s library for Israel all buyers? ---- GMT+02:00 Israel Standard Time [Jerusalem] what action need to be taken if the Google’s value is not matching with the above new GPRI change. ----- Need to check with HQ ,as we need to change time zone by modifying metaZones.txt Regards, Vidya From: Raghavendra Revankar/LGSIA MPS-7(raghavendra.revankar(a)lge.com<mailto:raghavendra.revankar@lge.com>) Sent: Thursday, March 23, 2017 5:56 PM To: Veena Kalasannavar/LGSIA DP PL(veena.kalasannavar(a)lge.com<mailto:veena.kalasannavar@lge.com>); Satish K R/LGSIA MPS-7(satish.babu(a)lge.com<mailto:satish.babu@lge.com>); Vidyalakshmi Badiger/LGSIA MPS-7(vidya.badiger(a)lge.com<mailto:vidya.badiger@lge.com>) Cc: Harish Mollin/LGSIA DP PL(harish.mollin(a)lge.com<mailto:harish.mollin@lge.com>); Nagappa Karajol/LGSIA MPS-7(nagappa.karajol(a)lge.com<mailto:nagappa.karajol@lge.com>); Bhavya SP/LGSIA DP PL(bhavya.sp(a)lge.com<mailto:bhavya.sp@lge.com>); Harshith C K/LGSIA MPS-7(harshith.ck(a)lge.com<mailto:harshith.ck@lge.com>) Subject: RE: Israel Timezone query ++ VIDYA From: Veena Kalasannavar/LGSIA DP PL(veena.kalasannavar(a)lge.com<mailto:veena.kalasannavar@lge.com>) Sent: Thursday, 23 March 2017 5:54 PM To: Satish K R/LGSIA MPS-7(satish.babu(a)lge.com<mailto:satish.babu@lge.com>); Raghavendra Revankar/LGSIA MPS-7(raghavendra.revankar(a)lge.com<mailto:raghavendra.revankar@lge.com>) Cc: Harish Mollin/LGSIA DP PL(harish.mollin(a)lge.com<mailto:harish.mollin@lge.com>); Nagappa Karajol/LGSIA MPS-7(nagappa.karajol(a)lge.com<mailto:nagappa.karajol@lge.com>); Bhavya SP/LGSIA DP PL(bhavya.sp(a)lge.com<mailto:bhavya.sp@lge.com>); Harshith C K/LGSIA MPS-7(harshith.ck(a)lge.com<mailto:harshith.ck@lge.com>) Subject: RE: Israel Timezone query ++ Raghavendra From: Veena Kalasannavar/LGSIA DP PL(veena.kalasannavar(a)lge.com<mailto:veena.kalasannavar@lge.com>) Sent: Thursday, March 23, 2017 10:01 AM To: Satish K R/LGSIA MPS-7(satish.babu(a)lge.com<mailto:satish.babu@lge.com>) Cc: Harish Mollin/LGSIA DP PL(harish.mollin(a)lge.com<mailto:harish.mollin@lge.com>); Nagappa Karajol/LGSIA MPS-7(nagappa.karajol(a)lge.com<mailto:nagappa.karajol@lge.com>); Bhavya SP/LGSIA DP PL(bhavya.sp(a)lge.com<mailto:bhavya.sp@lge.com>); Harshith C K/LGSIA MPS-7(harshith.ck(a)lge.com<mailto:harshith.ck@lge.com>) Subject: RE: Israel Timezone query Dear Satish, As requested in below mail, please let us know the Google’s IANA DB version used for all models for Timezone check. Regards, Veena. From: Harshith C K/LGSIA MPS-7(harshith.ck(a)lge.com<mailto:harshith.ck@lge.com>) Sent: Thursday, March 23, 2017 9:56 AM To: Veena Kalasannavar/LGSIA DP PL(veena.kalasannavar(a)lge.com<mailto:veena.kalasannavar@lge.com>) Cc: Harish Mollin/LGSIA DP PL(harish.mollin(a)lge.com<mailto:harish.mollin@lge.com>); Nagappa Karajol/LGSIA MPS-7(nagappa.karajol(a)lge.com<mailto:nagappa.karajol@lge.com>); Bhavya SP/LGSIA DP PL(bhavya.sp(a)lge.com<mailto:bhavya.sp@lge.com>) Subject: RE: Israel Timezone query Dear Veena, As you mentioned, timezone is picked from IANA database shared by Google which is part of frameworks. Please check with CFW team for DB version details. Thanks & Regards, Harshith From: Veena Kalasannavar/LGSIA DP PL(veena.kalasannavar(a)lge.com<mailto:veena.kalasannavar@lge.com>) Sent: Thursday, March 23, 2017 9:41 AM To: Harshith C K/LGSIA MPS-7(harshith.ck(a)lge.com<mailto:harshith.ck@lge.com>) Cc: Harish Mollin/LGSIA DP PL(harish.mollin(a)lge.com<mailto:harish.mollin@lge.com>); Nagappa Karajol/LGSIA MPS-7(nagappa.karajol(a)lge.com<mailto:nagappa.karajol@lge.com>); Bhavya SP/LGSIA DP PL(bhavya.sp(a)lge.com<mailto:bhavya.sp@lge.com>) Subject: Israel Timezone query Dear Harshit, Recently we observed that Israel FTE has updated timezone for Partner buyer. Please refer below screenshot. [cid:image001.png@01D2A7AB.923BBB40] But as we are aware, time zone is no more referred from GPRI and Google’s library is used to for the same. Can you please confirm the current time zone value present in Google’s library for Israel all buyers? Also please let us know, what action need to be taken if the Google’s value is not matching with the above new GPRI change. Regards, Veena.

5 4

[PATCH] Fix some word repetitions
by Paul Eggert March 25, 2017

March 25, 2017

* Makefile, europe, localtime.c, tz-art.htm, tzfile.5: Fix repeated instances of words in commentary. (Problem with 'Makefile'reported by Curtis Manwaring.) --- Makefile | 2 +- europe | 2 +- localtime.c | 2 +- tz-art.htm | 2 +- tzfile.5 | 2 +- 5 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile index 8067ba0..87fcfab 100644 --- a/Makefile +++ b/Makefile @@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ LIBDIR= $(TOPDIR)/lib # If you want only POSIX time, with time values interpreted as # seconds since the epoch (not counting leap seconds), use # REDO= posix_only -# below. If you want want only "right" time, with values interpreted +# below. If you want only "right" time, with values interpreted # as seconds since the epoch (counting leap seconds), use # REDO= right_only # below. If you want both sets of data available, with leap seconds not diff --git a/europe b/europe index 558b9f1..088d0a8 100644 --- a/europe +++ b/europe @@ -1524,7 +1524,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908 # From Paul Eggert (2016-10-27): # Go with INRiM for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis for 1944 # for the Kingdom of Italy. This is consistent with Renzo Baldini. -# Model Rome's occupation by using using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10 +# Model Rome's occupation by using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10 # to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it # was effectively controlled by Germany. # diff --git a/localtime.c b/localtime.c index afc7438..4bedb5c 100644 --- a/localtime.c +++ b/localtime.c @@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ tzloadbody(char const *name, struct state *sp, bool doextend, } } /* - ** If type 0 is is unused in transitions, + ** If type 0 is unused in transitions, ** it's the type to use for early times. */ for (i = 0; i < sp->timecnt; ++i) diff --git a/tz-art.htm b/tz-art.htm index f726cce..17b8719 100644 --- a/tz-art.htm +++ b/tz-art.htm @@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ into problems that programmers have with timekeeping.</li> Explaining The Mysteries Of Time Zones</a>" (2017; 2:15) briefly says why France has more time zones than Russia.</a> <li> -"About Time" (1962; 53 minutes) is part of the the +"About Time" (1962; 53 minutes) is part of the Bell Science extravaganza, with Frank Baxter, Richard Deacon, and Les Tremayne. Its advisor was Richard Feynman, and it was voiced by Mel Blanc. (<a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0154110/">IMDb entry</a>.)</li> diff --git a/tzfile.5 b/tzfile.5 index 0c907bc..2e88763 100644 --- a/tzfile.5 +++ b/tzfile.5 @@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ POSIX-TZ-environment-variable-style string for use in handling instants after the last transition time stored in the file (with nothing between the newlines if there is no POSIX representation for such instants). -The POSIX-style string must must agree with the local time type after +The POSIX-style string must agree with the local time type after both data's last transition times; for example, given the string .q "WET0WEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3" then if a last transition time is in July, the transition's local time -- 2.9.3

1 0

[tz-announce] 2017b release of tz code and data available
by Paul Eggert March 23, 2017

March 23, 2017

The 2017b release of the tz code and data is available. It reflects the following changes, which were either circulated on the tz mailing list or are relatively minor technical or administrative changes: Briefly: Haiti has resumed DST. Changes to past and future time stamps Haiti resumed observance of DST in 2017. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) Changes to past time stamps Liberia changed from -004430 to +00 on 1972-01-07, not 1972-05-01. Use "MMT" to abbreviate Liberia's time zone before 1972, as "-004430" is one byte over the POSIX limit. (Problem reported by Derick Rethans.) Here are links to the release files: https://www.iana.org/time-zones/repository/releases/tzcode2017b.tar.gz https://www.iana.org/time-zones/repository/releases/tzdata2017b.tar.gz https://www.iana.org/time-zones/repository/releases/tzdb-2017b.tar.lz As usual, links to the latest release files are here: https://www.iana.org/time-zones/repository/tzcode-latest.tar.gz https://www.iana.org/time-zones/repository/tzdata-latest.tar.gz https://www.iana.org/time-zones/repository/tzdb-latest.tar.lz Links are also available via plain HTTP, and via FTP from ftp://ftp.iana.org/tz/releases with the same basenames as above. Each release file has a GPG signature, which can be retrieved by appending ".asc" to the above URLs. Copies of these signatures are appended to this message. This release corresponds to commit f8ebe3a644e12b294dfc3c06c5243c1b9c13a7e8 dated 2017-03-17 07:30:38 -0700 and tagged '2017b' in the development GitHub repository at <https://github.com/eggert/tz>. Here are the SHA-512 checksums for the release files: 9a73af4b868506d1f6287a8285dea489e68f6828da19509114f9144e2a2019c7fd28f4fb98ea907030d11d011ce3a87d99dbe43bca218beddafff151f0d61df1 tzcode2017b.tar.gz 3e090dba1f52e4c63b4930b28f4bf38b56aabd6728f23094cb5801d10f4e464f17231f17b75b8866714bf98199c166ea840de0787b75b2274aa419a4e14bbc4d tzdata2017b.tar.gz 5003caab927eccf1d8f13391f4658733b3cfa05be1fcc99e0ab127ef6673514239d906677ab9b64f51777d450262d1db1868647b6afa868ab0ef93dcc8934db3 tzdb-2017b.tar.lz Here are the GPG checksums for the release files: -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v1 iQIcBAABAgAGBQJYy/QVAAoJEO2X6Q5iqn40h2cQAJhVT8aErVfu5cdjXIHn97Zr igIlZT+Q+xF5lu8cZxcW6j9bUZ9TG3PVcCnT6ujGtMr4UiTsiPeCmNXmGwtPmMez ZNloo3CBO+kaFFVCijEeNqN3ouXEMdlkfDtbdKKQ3AobQejowu+G2E9Qhmb4rjDj M5naQ+42nmB0mM1j1n4tyc6jL70gRaqSMmTUxVH4B69/GyD4Og4nuM1anfDfq26t dzhesg4q6TrdO5JJUHObH1FAYH95ZxzgVZ5jkT5N4Txl9UukpxI8u49nDfac9QeO RlvKaXcR7WQgC5fNxqvF5DKBzGmnZI4gx4CJMa+7IsjssOTsVmH1nYXsUdgR4kCf x7zH6s0buLICDRCKPr3pep/IYxj2DXYRBT5ViqMlQf3A3wGIgRUF6EPMKI1vfppv fXjdixU4HsZiJS7Epe6kcezcJrZ8n1YWEQxjFe8qYEJs08mApsSC5DGBXcBchLQI 2S6Au6d6fwqO77K7eOgj8MbYjC/Orhz8dIUGtjAjeZ/qek9ON32l0rPt2QxSnODc 43qtY2H7Uvky45J2niyOEnRbSKLSr5NZPdng4pmp376iVCGTisHJlwtRRfdfPGQo 56LUq4x3UaM3zVDHcpCLHvc7VQKYt3uVVzxbf89PN3jHZ459EqpOtM2TJIHtniw+ 8Ytju9WAEg4OscZi6VnF =B5DX -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v1 iQIcBAABAgAGBQJYy/QVAAoJEO2X6Q5iqn40JJkP/2GuKex77gS9RXlx5iDbW+3x CAz6HEIcNGW2jEZCIM0zdvHH2Rw27/5CGixWWFGW4JWIQRu3Jtma4aCE++XUtYl0 +xHrnm43BmiYNUq7lNQsoGwLYTNMxvlOkk6vMBVRRQvODQGajdSgYC/D0Oc3VGG5 6X5ofl+vTyOpsDtGLtsJcqaaqE5hPf3rUfGWuEDVuwpoiKAckMoB4sNufOsf0DTT iNogrYCnGKLd4SM08xkPY56qipEONYh5u/4lZfcUCPkqtZmp3j3EVzuHS365aTwP 0jhSqTmAlCC7wL1eOQPY4Lot4WebSsdqVGqCfZCpwRfke39FCFCPHyZI8RwbIgRR gxNPV0U5V4FpjTXx1mVjv3m5ibp+4FetCKFvbtX5AKMikaGqujouOlKup899owH2 pFPQ/5O4fJGee51LQQRirnXSYftSplnu7Qz0ti2b43OIVq0JFyqkVCevoSRf1LqZ QXaDQtaVR2Vfm4p2yVD2hBwhpr/ZvTDLRAaynT8eZ1C8DUASAGA/LsplQ62x1mIO inGrNsuIs7MsSy4RAk/VruVnDeUZNnEAYE53dQB0uJHbFNo4FyOu6stp9JNy7k8X 98AuiLdnSPDmCJs69w8BqePcVxnNMgDcHbsDwaPGl/WcDEhLGFkSsHfp02QVTo1L Yi+G86lCBaDMrp4I7g5J =5tCY -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE----- Version: GnuPG v1 iQIcBAABAgAGBQJYy/QVAAoJEO2X6Q5iqn40DxIQALEkQyPnAC3PCu10cf1+wPDh vEu8fkMbZ47klCgPbj+ZdtPWRASFc+9BJcE3KiRyxgCYPnMr7XfBlXgq1bPVsl+X h3RJXsQdh8N6hGkL4hPCQ/t+/5SNfFmHudDV71KjaGpERDyAdz2/D7cPY5nGe4r6 hr7SWPO3QXzpnY7qVW7ZCifE/XEr75o5/h9xyIPJanLLltwxE/XTLlwr4yBM91Yt PMQv0bJbyZ+l13QF1P/Rtt7gsOqWuxyNuH+lyPDOC/XN3YG0sTjt8QmpM+svo863 aZVqzjdfnJ7BkQNICc9W5WShXhK6bQNk/lvRinOwXgwzY2tYeqx+jdi2AqEWJK4c xRfUDOePyrDG731oIBKb2J4p1nKuw4MZ1G5RVIHVTk6xf7QL9+1MwRLpxb/o9fOl Vt+T1RZL2v12rLu0/orokeYR3mAsme73k4zBmQODDLXkD2j4GtRLqXroTB1+3y+X njmJRIB7N2SdKx1Kvn2QOkpn+FKpJatMg1B64qGbPgVM0Cf359tHu0G0eRP2SLgI 2e0buF88i3oj9sYJ4d4Nc11qc9W4MQ8qhVG0z9rqFeMronJ5RQoBwM1OkW5ew4Ei /4QWijN0P82fAFwfHUxCzqqLrKmbVSmW80bk9o5EsX1LTOUK4UVJuYazcpIXTj7B ThCKSUwrWbJF62oTuL71 =FavL -----END PGP SIGNATURE----- _______________________________________________ tz-announce mailing list tz-announce(a)iana.org https://mm.icann.org/mailman/listinfo/tz-announce

1 0

2017b announcement?
by Joachim Sauer March 21, 2017

March 21, 2017

Hello, I see that the 2017b update is available for download, but I don't see an announcement in the tz-announce archive. Am I missing something? cheers Joachim

2 1

When did the subdirectory decision get made?
by Matthew Donadio March 19, 2017

March 19, 2017

The northamerica file has this note in it: # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): # ... # Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript # that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the 'America' level. # So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory 'America/Indiana'. I have gone through the mailing list archives from around this time, and also the 8/2005 timeframe (when the Indiana changes were starting to become clear), but I can't find any discussion about this, and Google is failing me. Does anyone remember when the pros and cons of using three levels for names was discussed? I just want to read up on some of that background. Thanks. --Matthew Donadio (matt(a)mxd120.com)

2 1

[PROPOSED] Richard Feynman and Mel Blanc collaborated
by Paul Eggert March 19, 2017

March 19, 2017

* tz-art.htm (Documentaries): Mention Feynman and Blanc. --- tz-art.htm | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/tz-art.htm b/tz-art.htm index 4892412..f726cce 100644 --- a/tz-art.htm +++ b/tz-art.htm @@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ briefly says why France has more time zones than Russia.</a> <li> "About Time" (1962; 53 minutes) is part of the the Bell Science extravaganza, with Frank Baxter, Richard Deacon, and Les Tremayne. +Its advisor was Richard Feynman, and it was voiced by Mel Blanc. (<a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0154110/">IMDb entry</a>.)</li> </ul> <h2>Movies</h2> -- 2.7.4

1 0

Time Zones explained by Radio Free Europe
by Donald MacQueen March 19, 2017

March 19, 2017

All The Time In The World: Explaining The Mysteries Of Time Zones http://www.rferl.org/a/28375932.html

2 1

Palestine Summer Time
by Sharef Mustafa March 19, 2017

March 19, 2017

Hi, Palestine summer time will start on Mar 25th 2017 as per many local news agencies which published the news of the Palestinian cabinet meeting of March 14th which included the government decision of starting the summer time on Mar 25th 2017. However the decree it self is still not uploaded on the cabinet website, also the exact time of the shift was not mentioned, this affects Asia/Gaza & Asia/Hebron time zones, please find below links to some news sites (in Arabic) https://www.maannews.net/Content.aspx?id=897248 https://www.alwatanvoice.com/arabic/news/2017/03/14/1028254.html http://www.arn.ps/archives/194854 http://www.palsawa.com/news/2017/03/14/main/107123.html http://www.rmix.ps/archives/84243 unfortunately I did not find an English resource Regards. Sharef Mustafa

2 1

Why the Ancient Britons did not use Daylight Saving Time
by Jonathan Leffler March 17, 2017

March 17, 2017

http://www.gocomics.com/nonsequitur/2017/03/12 -- Jonathan Leffler <jonathan.leffler(a)gmail.com> #include <disclaimer.h> Guardian of DBD::Informix - v2015.1101 - http://dbi.perl.org "Blessed are we who can laugh at ourselves, for we shall never cease to be amused."

2 1