It's time to update tz, as the clocks in much of Brazil do not currently agree with what tz claims. Here's a proposed patch that address the following issues that have accumulated over time. * Update the rules for Brazil's summer of 1997-1998, thanks to Daniel C. Sobral <dcs@gns.com.br>. Now the Pope is getting into the daylight-saving act! * Change Asia/Gaza to use Jordan's DST rules starting in 1996, and observe the Zion rules from 1940 through 1947, as suggested by Amos Shapir <amos@nsof.co.il>. * Mention size of reserved-for-future-use space in tzfile.5, as suggested by Denis Excoffier <Denis.Excoffier@ens.fr>. * The CIA no longer claims that Uzbekistan has two time zones, so remove commentary dismissing that claim. * Use comment headings that reflect the ISO country code table more accurately for UK/Eire, Denmark, Faeroe, Greenland, Svalbard, Jan Mayen, China, Taiwan, Korea (North and South), US minor outlying islands, and French Southern & Antarctic Lands. This was suggested by Dave Skinner <dave@kirdu.jpl.nasa.gov>. Palestine is still a special case; it has no ISO country code but has its own section regardless, as I expect it to get a country code eventually. * Update and correct URLs, some of which have become outdated. I still have two big tasks in my in-box: Law's data and Olson's suggestion for automatically maintaining last-changed times; these will have to wait until I get more free time. =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/antarctica,v retrieving revision 1998.2 retrieving revision 1998.2.1.1 diff -c -r1998.2 -r1998.2.1.1 *** antarctica 1998/01/17 19:27:24 1998.2 --- antarctica 1998/02/27 02:12:05 1998.2.1.1 *************** *** 51,60 **** 6:00 - MAWT # Mawson Time # References: # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html"> ! # http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html (1996-07-15) # </a> # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html"> ! # http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html (1996-04-19) # </a> # Brazil - year-round base --- 51,60 ---- 6:00 - MAWT # Mawson Time # References: # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html"> ! # Casey Weather (1998-02-26) # </a> # <a href="http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html"> ! # Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25) # </a> # Brazil - year-round base *************** *** 78,84 **** # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came # from Tasmania. # ! # French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants # # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 --- 78,84 ---- # don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adelie supplies came # from Tasmania. # ! # French Southern & Antarctic Lands with year-round inhabitants # # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 *************** *** 104,110 **** 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time # Reference: # <a href="http://www.icair.iac.org.nz/science/reports/fr/IFRTP.html"> ! # Support and Development of Polar Research and Technology (1996-09-10) # </a> --- 104,110 ---- 10:00 - DDUT # Dumont-d'Urville Time # Reference: # <a href="http://www.icair.iac.org.nz/science/reports/fr/IFRTP.html"> ! # Support and Development of Polar Research and Technology (1997-02-03) # </a> *************** *** 212,220 **** # at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.) # # From Susan Smith ! # <a href="http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html"> ! # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300): ! # </a> # We use the same time as McMurdo does. # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... # One last quirk about South Pole time. --- 212,219 ---- # at that time (1957). (Source: Siple's book 90 degrees SOUTH.) # # From Susan Smith ! # http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html ! # (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available): # We use the same time as McMurdo does. # And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does.... # One last quirk about South Pole time. =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/asia,v retrieving revision 1998.2 retrieving revision 1998.2.1.1 diff -c -r1998.2 -r1998.2.1.1 *** asia 1998/01/17 19:27:24 1998.2 --- asia 1998/02/27 02:12:05 1998.2.1.1 *************** *** 154,160 **** 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 7:00 - ICT ! # People's Republic of China # From Guy Harris: # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. --- 154,160 ---- 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 7:00 - ICT ! # China # From Guy Harris: # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. *************** *** 237,243 **** ############################################################################### ! # Republic of China # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D --- 237,243 ---- ############################################################################### ! # Taiwan # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D *************** *** 354,360 **** # From Paul Eggert (1996-12-17), following up a suggestion by Rich Wales: # Ahmea Alavi in # <a href="http://tehran.stanford.edu/Iran_Lib/Calendar/taghveem.txt"> ! # http://tehran.stanford.edu/Iran_Lib/Calendar/taghveem.txt (1993-08-04) # </a> # writes ``Daylight saving time in Iran starts from the first day # of Farvardin and ends the first day of Mehr.'' This disagrees with the SSIM: --- 354,360 ---- # From Paul Eggert (1996-12-17), following up a suggestion by Rich Wales: # Ahmea Alavi in # <a href="http://tehran.stanford.edu/Iran_Lib/Calendar/taghveem.txt"> ! # TAGHVEEM (1993-08-04) # </a> # writes ``Daylight saving time in Iran starts from the first day # of Farvardin and ends the first day of Mehr.'' This disagrees with the SSIM: *************** *** 677,683 **** ############################################################################### ! # Korea # From Guy Harris: # According to someone at the Korean Times in San Francisco, --- 677,683 ---- ############################################################################### ! # Korea (North and South) # From Guy Harris: # According to someone at the Korean Times in San Francisco, *************** *** 779,787 **** 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time # Mongolia ! # Shanks says that Mongolia has three time zones, but usno1995 and ! # <a href="http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/802389h.gif"> ! # http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/802389h.gif (1995) # </a> # both say that it has just one. # Let's comment out the western and eastern Mongolian time zones --- 779,787 ---- 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time # Mongolia ! # Shanks says that Mongolia has three time zones, but usno1995 and the CIA map ! # <a href="http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/nsolo/rmap-pdf/802483.pdf"> ! # Standard Time Zones of the World (1997-01) # </a> # both say that it has just one. # Let's comment out the western and eastern Mongolian time zones *************** *** 827,832 **** --- 827,889 ---- 5:00 - PKT # Pakistan Time # Palestine + + # From Amos Shapir <amos@nsof.co.il> (1998-02-15): + # + # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now + # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. + # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too. + # (Though I find the name "Zion" rather inappropriate -- why not just call + # it "Israel" or "Palestine"?) + # + # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 + # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no + # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, + # though. + # + # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally + # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from + # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the + # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major + # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and + # East Jerusalem. + # + # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except + # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might + # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware + # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer + # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). + # + # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most + # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to + # demonstrate some manner of independence, they have been switching to + # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't + # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the + # Jordanian one). + # + # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: + # + # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- + # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- + # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion + # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan + # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan + # + # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they + # have one). + + # From Paul Eggert (1998-02-25): + # Shanks writes that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but we'll go + # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, + # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. + # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since + # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about + # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. + # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries + # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules + # to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please + # send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions. + # These rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S *************** *** 837,845 **** Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct ! 2:00 - EET 1957 May 10 ! 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 30 ! 2:00 Zion I%sT # Paracel Is # no information --- 894,903 ---- Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct ! 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 ! 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 ! 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 ! 2:00 Jordan EE%sT # Paracel Is # no information *************** *** 890,906 **** # Sri Lanka # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): # <a href="http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html"> ! # http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html (1996-05-24) # </a> # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.'' # Transitions before 1996 are from Shanks (1991). # # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted ! # in # <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net"> ! # news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net (1996-10-26): ! # </a> # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. --- 948,964 ---- # Sri Lanka # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): # <a href="http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html"> ! # Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout (1996-05-24) # </a> # reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.'' # Transitions before 1996 are from Shanks (1991). # # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted ! # by Shamindra in # <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net"> ! # Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26) ! # </a>: # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. *************** *** 990,1003 **** 5:00 - UZT # Uzbekistan Time # Shanks has Tashkent using DST after 1991, but usno1995 says they don't. # Guess no DST after 1991. - # <a href="http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/802389h.gif"> - # http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/802389h.gif (1995) - # </a> - # says that Uzbekistan has two time zones, but a cable - # <a href="http://www.itaiep.doc.gov/bisnis/cables/960510uz.html"> - # http://www.itaiep.doc.gov/bisnis/cables/960510uz.html (1996-05-10) - # </a> - # from the American Embassy in Tashkent implies that they have just one. # Vietnam # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18): --- 1048,1053 ---- =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/australasia,v retrieving revision 1998.2 retrieving revision 1998.2.1.1 diff -c -r1998.2 -r1998.2.1.1 *** australasia 1998/01/17 19:27:24 1998.2 --- australasia 1998/02/27 02:12:05 1998.2.1.1 *************** *** 213,233 **** Zone Pacific/Guam 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 10:00 - GST - # Howland, Baker - # uninhabited since World War II - # no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago - - # Jarvis - # uninhabited since 1958 - # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati - - # Johnston - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] - Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST - - # Kingman - # uninhabited - # Kiribati # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki --- 213,218 ---- *************** *** 352,360 **** Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time - # Palmyra - # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati - # Papua New Guinea # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 --- 337,342 ---- *************** *** 402,407 **** --- 384,416 ---- Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time + + # US minor outlying islands + + # Howland, Baker + # uninhabited since World War II + # no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago + + # Jarvis + # uninhabited since 1958 + # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati + + # Johnston + # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] + Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST + + # Kingman + # uninhabited + + # Palmyra + # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati + + # Wake + # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] + Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 + 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time + + # Vanuatu # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S *************** *** 414,424 **** Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time - # Wake - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] - Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 - 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time - # Wallis and Futuna # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 --- 423,428 ---- *************** *** 517,532 **** # # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> ! # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html # </a> # ACT ! # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/consol_act/stasta1972279/i"> ! # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/consol_act/stasta1972279/i # </a> - # ndex.html # SA # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> ! # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html # </a> # Northern Territory --- 521,535 ---- # # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> ! # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) # </a> # ACT ! # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> ! # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 # </a> # SA # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> ! # Standard Time Act, 1898 # </a> # Northern Territory =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/europe,v retrieving revision 1998.2 retrieving revision 1998.2.1.1 diff -c -r1998.2 -r1998.2.1.1 *** europe 1998/01/17 19:27:25 1998.2 --- europe 1998/02/27 02:12:05 1998.2.1.1 *************** *** 65,71 **** ############################################################################### ! # United Kingdom # The UK and its colonies adopted the Gregorian calendar on 1752-09-14. # From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06): --- 65,71 ---- ############################################################################### ! # Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) # The UK and its colonies adopted the Gregorian calendar on 1752-09-14. # From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06): *************** *** 1132,1138 **** 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 1:00 EU CE%sT ! # Denmark # Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S --- 1132,1138 ---- 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 1:00 EU CE%sT ! # Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland # Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S *************** *** 1464,1470 **** # From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06): # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri # <a href="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html"> ! # http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html (1996-03-14) # </a> # (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: --- 1464,1470 ---- # From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06): # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri # <a href="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html"> ! # Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14) # </a> # (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: *************** *** 1712,1722 **** 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT ! # ! # Svalbard Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen - # - # Jan Mayen # From Whitman: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT --- 1712,1720 ---- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT ! ! # Svalbard & Jan Mayen Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen # From Whitman: # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT *************** *** 2084,2092 **** # Sweden # From: msb@sq.com (Mark Brader) ! # <a href=news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com> ! # news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com ! # </a>: # # In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden # decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of --- 2082,2091 ---- # Sweden # From: msb@sq.com (Mark Brader) ! # <a href="news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com"> ! # Subject: Re: Gregorian reform -- a part of locale? ! # </a> ! # Date: 1996-07-06 # # In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden # decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/southamerica,v retrieving revision 1998.2 retrieving revision 1998.2.1.1 diff -c -r1998.2 -r1998.2.1.1 *** southamerica 1998/01/17 19:27:25 1998.2 --- southamerica 1998/02/27 02:12:05 1998.2.1.1 *************** *** 274,281 **** Rule Brazil 1993 1995 - Oct Sun>=11 0:00 1:00 D Rule Brazil 1993 only - Jan 31 0:00 0 S Rule Brazil 1994 1995 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 S ! Rule Brazil 1996 max - Feb Sun>=11 0:00 0 S ! Rule Brazil 1996 max - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # --- 274,298 ---- Rule Brazil 1993 1995 - Oct Sun>=11 0:00 1:00 D Rule Brazil 1993 only - Jan 31 0:00 0 S Rule Brazil 1994 1995 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 S ! Rule Brazil 1996 only - Feb Sun>=11 0:00 0 S ! Rule Brazil 1996 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D ! # From Daniel C. Sobral <dcs@gns.com.br> (1998-02-12): ! # In 1997, the DS began on October 6. The stated reason was that ! # because international television networks ignored Brazil's policy on DS, ! # they bought the wrong times on satellite for coverage of Pope's visit. ! # This year, the ending date of DS was postponed to March 1 ! # to help dealing with the shortages of electric power. ! # ! # From Paul Eggert (1998-02-25): ! # Reference for 1997-10-06 change: ! # <a href="http://churchnet.ucsm.ac.uk/news/files2/news165.htm"> ! # Brazil Prepares for Papal Visit ! # </a>, ! # Church Net UK (1997-10-02). ! Rule Brazil 1997 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Brazil 1998 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 S ! Rule Brazil 1998 max - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D ! Rule Brazil 1999 max - Feb Sun>=11 0:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/tzfile.5,v retrieving revision 1997.9 retrieving revision 1997.9.1.1 diff -c -r1997.9 -r1997.9.1.1 *** tzfile.5 1997/12/29 14:31:51 1997.9 --- tzfile.5 1998/02/27 02:12:05 1997.9.1.1 *************** *** 9,15 **** .IR tzset (3) begin with the magic characters "TZif" to identify then as time zone information files, ! followed by bytes reserved for future use, followed by six four-byte values of type .BR long , written in a ``standard'' byte order --- 9,15 ---- .IR tzset (3) begin with the magic characters "TZif" to identify then as time zone information files, ! followed by sixteen bytes reserved for future use, followed by six four-byte values of type .BR long , written in a ``standard'' byte order