On Thu, May 20, 2021 at 10:57:48AM -0700, Paul Eggert via tz wrote:

On 5/10/21 1:38 AM, Paul Eggert wrote:

...

I'd like to do more tests before installing it into the development tzdb repository on GitHub. Also, the patch needs a proper NEWS entry and commit message before installing.

I did that and installed the attached revised patch into the development repository.

The second attachment 'adjustments.diff' attempts to records adjustments to this patch, compared to the patch I circulated ten days ago. 'adjustments.diff' is hand-edited due to merges and so is intended only for human consumption.

The most significant adjustment was to add Link lines to 'backzone' so that people interested in out-of-scope pre-1970 data won't see any changes due to this patch. There are also some adjustments to commentary and a dependency fix in the Makefile.

The EU timezones are up for changes any year now - they have this stop observing DST that is decided but was postponed to 2021 before the pandemic struck so we will see when it actually happens. /MF

From 1edbb16e933a6ba6dceefd2bd7057b5ce00dd13c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu> Date: Wed, 19 May 2021 19:09:40 -0700 Subject: [PROPOSED] Merge timezones that are alike since 1970 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

* NEWS: Describe the change and its motivation. * Makefile (TZS_DEPS, check_tables): Depend on YDATA, not just PRIMARY_YDATA, since etcetera matters here. * africa (Africa/Abidjan, Ghana, Africa/Accra, Indian/Reunion) (Indian/Mahe): * antarctica (Indian/Kerguelen, Antarctica/DumontDUrville) (Antarctica/Syowa, Antarctica/Vostok): * asia (Asia/Brunei, Asia/Urumqi, NBorneo, Asia/Kuala_Lumpur) (Asia/Kuching, Indian/Maldives, Asia/Riyadh, Asia/Bangkok) (Asia/Dubai): * australasia (Indian/Christmas, Indian/Cocos, Pacific/Gambier) (Pacific/Tahiti, Pacific/Tarawa, Pacific/Majuro, Pacific/Chuuk) (Pacific/Pohnpei, Pacific/Palau, Pacific/Port_Moresby) (Pacific/Guadalcanal, Pacific/Funafuti, Pacific/Wake) (Pacific/Wallis): * europe (Denmark, Europe/Copenhagen, Iceland, Atlantic/Reykjavik) (Lux, Europe/Luxembourg, Europe/Monaco, Neth, Europe/Amsterdam) (Norway, Europe/Oslo, Europe/Stockholm): * northamerica (America/Blanc-Sablon, America/Atikokan) (America/Creston, Bahamas, America/Nassau): * southamerica (America/La_Paz, America/Curacao, America/Cayenne) (Atlantic/South_Georgia, America/Port_of_Spain): Move these duplicate Zone entries to 'backzone', and add backward-compatibility links in 'backward'. * checktab.awk: Don’t worry about links to Etc/*. * theory.html: Change examples to avoid merged-away zones. Remove references to SET, and to Amsterdam, Bangkok, Copenhagen and Port Moresby Mean Times. * zone.tab, zone1970.tab: Change 3rd column to avoid links in 'backward', which might not be present. * zone1970.tab: Merge lines to match the above changes. --- Makefile | 6 +- NEWS | 17 + africa | 146 +------- antarctica | 59 +-- asia | 170 +-------- australasia | 101 +---- backward | 129 +++++-- backzone | 1011 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- checktab.awk | 4 +- etcetera | 2 + europe | 313 +--------------- northamerica | 191 +--------- southamerica | 48 +-- theory.html | 29 +- zone.tab | 156 ++++---- zone1970.tab | 80 ++-- 16 files changed, 1314 insertions(+), 1148 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile index d05f828..ce018ec 100644 --- a/Makefile +++ b/Makefile @@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ TZS_YEAR= 2050 TZS_CUTOFF_FLAG= -c $(TZS_YEAR) TZS= to$(TZS_YEAR).tzs TZS_NEW= to$(TZS_YEAR)new.tzs -TZS_DEPS= $(PRIMARY_YDATA) asctime.c localtime.c \ +TZS_DEPS= $(YDATA) asctime.c localtime.c \ private.h tzfile.h zdump.c zic.c # EIGHT_YARDS is just a yard short of the whole ENCHILADA. EIGHT_YARDS = $(COMMON) $(DOCS) $(SOURCES) $(DATA) $(MISC) tzdata.zi @@ -802,9 +802,9 @@ check_links: checklinks.awk $(TDATA_TO_CHECK) tzdata.zi $(AWK) -f checklinks.awk tzdata.zi touch $@

-check_tables: checktab.awk $(PRIMARY_YDATA) $(ZONETABLES) +check_tables: checktab.awk $(YDATA) $(ZONETABLES) for tab in $(ZONETABLES); do \ - $(AWK) -f checktab.awk -v zone_table=$$tab $(PRIMARY_YDATA) \ + $(AWK) -f checktab.awk -v zone_table=$$tab $(YDATA) \ || exit; \ done touch $@ diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS index 6d1cd09..435a40f 100644 --- a/NEWS +++ b/NEWS @@ -26,6 +26,23 @@ Unreleased, experimental changes (Thanks to P Chan, Michael Deckers, Alexander Krivenyshev and Alois Treindl.)

+ Merge timezones whose timestamps agree since 1970, since pre-1970 + timestamps are out of scope. This change does not affect + post-1970 timestamps, and timezone historians who build with 'make + PACKRATDATA=backzone' should see no changes to pre-1970 timestamps. + When merging, keep the most-populous location's data, and move + data for other locations to 'backzone' with a backward + compatibility link in 'backward'. Also, merge timezones with + neither post-1970 clock changes nor alphabetic abbreviations into + their Etc counterparts. For example, move the Europe/Oslo data to + 'backzone' with a link in 'backward' from Europe/Berlin because + the two timezones' timestamps agree since 1970; this change + affects some pre-1966 timestamps in Europe/Oslo because Berlin and + Oslo disagreed before 1966. For another example, move the + Asia/Aden data to 'backzone' with a link in 'backward' from + Etc/GMT-3. Affected entries range from Africa/Abidjan to + Pacific/Yap. + Changes to maintenance procedure

The new file SECURITY covers how to report security-related bugs. diff --git a/africa b/africa index a867cc4..d842502 100644 --- a/africa +++ b/africa @@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 16 # See Africa/Maputo.

# Burkina Faso -# See Africa/Abidjan. +# See Etc/GMT.

# Burundi # See Africa/Maputo. @@ -147,9 +147,7 @@ Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena # See Africa/Lagos.

# Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 - 0:00 - GMT +# See Etc/GMT.

# Djibouti # See Africa/Nairobi. @@ -370,94 +368,9 @@ Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct # See Africa/Lagos.

# The Gambia -# See Africa/Abidjan. - # Ghana - -# From P Chan (2020-11-20): -# Interpretation Amendment Ordinance, 1915 (No.24 of 1915) [1915-11-02] -# Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1915, p 69-71 -# https://books.google.com/books?id=ErA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA70 -# This Ordinance added "'Time' shall mean Greenwich Mean Time" to the -# Interpretation Ordinance, 1876. -# -# Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919 (No. 18 of 1919) [1919-11-24] -# Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1919, p 75-76 -# https://books.google.com/books?id=MbA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA75 -# This Ordinance removed the previous definition of time and introduced DST. -# -# Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 214) -# The Laws of the Gold Coast (including Togoland Under British Mandate) -# Vol. II (1937), p 2328 -# https://books.google.com/books?id=Z7M-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA2328 -# Revised edition of the 1919 Ordinance. -# -# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1940 (No. 9 of 1940) [1940-04-06] -# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: -# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1940, p 22 -# https://books.google.com/books?id=1ao-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA22 -# This Ordinance changed the forward transition from September to May. -# -# Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment) Regulations, 1942 -# (Regulations No. 6 of 1942) [1942-01-31, commenced on 1942-02-08] -# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: -# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 48 -# https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA48 -# These regulations advanced the [standard] time by thirty minutes. -# -# Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment (No.2)) Regulations, -# 1942 (Regulations No. 28 of 1942) [1942-04-25] -# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: -# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 87 -# https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA87 -# These regulations abolished DST and changed the time to GMT+0:30. -# -# Defence (Revocation) (No.4) Regulations, 1945 (Regulations No. 45 of -# 1945) [1945-10-24, commenced on 1946-01-06] -# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: -# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 256 -# https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA256 -# These regulations revoked the previous two sets of Regulations. -# -# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1945 (No. 18 of 1945) [1946-01-06] -# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: -# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 69 -# https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA69 -# This Ordinance abolished DST. -# -# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1950 (No. 26 of 1950) [1950-07-22] -# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: -# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1950, p 35 -# https://books.google.com/books?id=e60-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA35 -# This Ordinance restored DST but with thirty minutes offset. -# -# Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 264) -# The Laws of the Gold Coast, Vol. V (1954), p 380 -# https://books.google.com/books?id=Mqc-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA380 -# Revised edition of the Time Determination Ordinance. -# -# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1956 (No. 21 of 1956) [1956-08-29] -# Annual Volume of the Ordinances of the Gold Coast Enacted During the -# Year 1956, p 83 -# https://books.google.com/books?id=VLE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA83 -# This Ordinance abolished DST. - -# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Ghana 1919 only - Nov 24 0:00 0:20 +0020 -Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT -Rule Ghana 1920 1939 - Sep 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 -Rule Ghana 1940 1941 - May 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 -Rule Ghana 1950 1955 - Sep 1 2:00 0:30 +0030 -Rule Ghana 1951 1956 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT - -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1915 Nov 2 - 0:00 Ghana %s 1942 Feb 8 - 0:30 - +0030 1946 Jan 6 - 0:00 Ghana %s - # Guinea -# See Africa/Abidjan. +# See Etc/GMT.

# Guinea-Bissau # @@ -612,7 +525,7 @@ Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920

# Mali # Mauritania -# See Africa/Abidjan. +# See Etc/GMT.

# Mauritius

@@ -711,7 +624,7 @@ Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis # See Africa/Nairobi.

# Morocco -# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). +# See Africa/Ceuta for Spanish Morocco.

# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between @@ -1356,29 +1269,15 @@ Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:35 - LMT 1905 Jul 1 1:00 - WAT

# Réunion -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis - 4:00 - +04 +# See Etc/GMT-4. # # Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file. -# -# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows. -# The following information about them is taken from -# Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, -# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). -# We have no info about their time zone histories. -# -# Bassas da India - uninhabited -# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families -# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 -# Juan de Nova - uninhabited -# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958

# Rwanda # See Africa/Maputo.

# St Helena -# See Africa/Abidjan. +# See Etc/GMT. # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA @@ -1413,34 +1312,13 @@ Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 0:00 - GMT

# Senegal -# See Africa/Abidjan. +# See Etc/GMT.

# Seychelles - -# From P Chan (2020-11-27): -# Standard Time was adopted on 1907-01-01. -# -# Standard Time Ordinance (Chapter 237) -# The Laws of Seychelles in Force on the 31st December, 1971, Vol. 6, p 571 -# https://books.google.com/books?id=efE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA571 -# -# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-05): -# A footnote on https://books.google.com/books?id=DYdDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1689 -# confirms that Ordinance No. 9 of 1906 "was brought into force on the 1st -# January, 1907." - -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1907 Jan 1 # Victoria - 4:00 - +04 -# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): -# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the -# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory -# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know -# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. -# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. +# See Etc/GMT-4.

# Sierra Leone -# See Africa/Abidjan. +# See Etc/GMT.

# Somalia # See Africa/Nairobi. @@ -1505,7 +1383,7 @@ Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 # See Africa/Nairobi.

# Togo -# See Africa/Abidjan. +# See Etc/GMT.

# Tunisia

@@ -1599,7 +1477,7 @@ Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -

-# See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions. +# See Europe/Paris commentary for PMT-related transitions. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time diff --git a/antarctica b/antarctica index ed750a8..6b100a7 100644 --- a/antarctica +++ b/antarctica @@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - -00 1954 Feb 13 # # Alfred Faure, Possession Island, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964; # sealing & whaling stations operated variously 1802/1911+; -# see Indian/Reunion. +# see Etc/GMT-4. # # Martin-de-Viviès, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 # Port-aux-Français, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; @@ -157,22 +157,10 @@ Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - -00 1954 Feb 13 # St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited # fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 # -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - -00 1950 # Port-aux-Français - 5:00 - +05 +# Kerguelen - see Etc/GMT-5. # # year-round base in the main continent -# Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 -# <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station> (2005-12-05) -# -# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. -# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. -# -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - -00 1947 - 10:00 - +10 1952 Jan 14 - 0 - -00 1956 Nov - 10:00 - +10 +# Dumont d'Urville - see Etc/GMT-10.

# France & Italy - year-round base # Concordia, -750600+1232000, since 2005 @@ -188,20 +176,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - -00 1947 # Zuchelli, Terra Nova Bay, -744140+1640647, since 1986

# Japan - year-round bases -# Syowa (also known as Showa), -690022+0393524, since 1957 -# -# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): -# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. -# -# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, -# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main -# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - -00 1957 Jan 29 - 3:00 - +03 -# See: -# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) -# http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html +# See Etc/GMT-3.

# S Korea - year-round base # Jang Bogo, Terra Nova Bay, -743700+1641205 since 2014 @@ -265,31 +240,7 @@ Zone Antarctica/Troll 0 - -00 2005 Feb 12 # year-round from 1960/61 to 1992

# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 -# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15): -# http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP -# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same -# time as Moscow, Russia. -# -# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): -# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is -# what they had to say about time there: -# "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) -# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was -# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead -# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The -# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT." -# -# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04): -# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it -# in person. He said that some Antarctic locations set their local -# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this -# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean -# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks -# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time -# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess +06. -# -Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - -00 1957 Dec 16 - 6:00 - +06 +# See Etc/GMT-6.

# S Africa - year-round bases # Marion Island, -4653+03752 diff --git a/asia b/asia index e2f6446..f1c3d7d 100644 --- a/asia +++ b/asia @@ -255,10 +255,7 @@ Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 6:00 - +06

# Brunei -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan - 7:30 - +0730 1933 - 8:00 - +08 +# See Etc/GMT-8.

# Burma / Myanmar

@@ -278,7 +275,7 @@ Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon 6:30 - +0630

# Cambodia -# See Asia/Bangkok. +# See Etc/GMT-7.

# China @@ -534,7 +531,7 @@ Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=11 2:00 1:00 D # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger. # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and -# Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility. +# Etc/GMT-6, with the others being links for backward compatibility. # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were: # @@ -556,7 +553,7 @@ Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=11 2:00 1:00 D # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. # # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06 -# This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with +# This region is now part of either Etc/GMT-6 or Asia/Shanghai with # current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that # disagree with Ürümqi or Shanghai are not recorded here. # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; @@ -609,68 +606,14 @@ Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=11 2:00 1:00 D # 2. Kashi... # 3. Urumqi... # 4. Kashgar... -# ... -# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the -# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding -# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. -# -# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any -# start date for Xinjiang time. -# -# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally -# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur -# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also -# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) - -# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26): -# Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986: -# https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html - -# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22): -# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from -# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's -# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David -# Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially -# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least -# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time; -# and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers -# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some -# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only -# problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as -# having the same time as Beijing. - -# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): -# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06) -# but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun, -# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN -# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x. -# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone. -# -# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see -# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government" -# <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22). -# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986. -# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty, -# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan -# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of -# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be -# quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to -# UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, -# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a -# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before -# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and -# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the -# +08 mandate back then.

# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai. Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 May 28 8:00 PRC C%sT -# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi -# / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) -Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 - 6:00 - +06 +# See Etc/GMT-6 for Xinjiang time, used by many in western China. +# (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)

# Hong Kong @@ -2693,10 +2636,10 @@ Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 ###############################################################################

# Kuwait -# See Asia/Riyadh. +# See Etc/GMT-3.

# Laos -# See Asia/Bangkok. +# See Etc/GMT-7.

# Lebanon @@ -2730,39 +2673,12 @@ Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT

# Malaysia -# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 - -Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - -# -# peninsular Malaysia -# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) -# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 - 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. - 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 - 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 - 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 - 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 - 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 - 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1 - 8:00 - +08 -# Sabah & Sarawak -# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12): -# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 -# and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar - 7:30 - +0730 1933 - 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16 - 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 - 8:00 - +08 +# For peninsular Malaysia see Asia/Singapore. +# For Sabah & Sarawak see Etc/GMT-8.

# Maldives -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Malé - 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Malé Mean Time - 5:00 - +05 +# See Etc/GMT-5. +

# Mongolia

@@ -2926,7 +2842,7 @@ Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 5:45 - +0545

# Oman -# See Asia/Dubai. +# See Etc/GMT-4.

# Pakistan

@@ -3523,54 +3439,11 @@ Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 3:00 - +03

# Saudi Arabia -# -# From Paul Eggert (2018-08-29): -# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not -# standardized until 1968 or so; we don't know exactly when, and possibly it -# has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to -# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines -# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar -# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12 -# o'clock for "Arab" time). -# -# Timekeeping differed depending on who you were and which part of Saudi -# Arabia you were in. In 1969, Elias Antar wrote that although a common -# practice had been to set one's watch to 12:00 (i.e., midnight) at sunset - -# which meant that the time on one side of a mountain could differ greatly from -# the time on the other side - many foreigners set their watches to 6pm -# instead, while airlines instead used UTC +03 (except in Dhahran, where they -# used UTC +04), Aramco used UTC +03 with DST, and the Trans-Arabian Pipe Line -# Company used Aramco time in eastern Saudi Arabia and airline time in western. -# (The American Military Aid Advisory Group used plain UTC.) Antar writes, -# "A man named Higgins, so the story goes, used to run a local power -# station. One day, the whole thing became too much for Higgins and he -# assembled his staff and laid down the law. 'I've had enough of this,' he -# shrieked. 'It is now 12 o'clock Higgins Time, and from now on this station is -# going to run on Higgins Time.' And so, until last year, it did." See: -# Antar E. Dinner at When? Saudi Aramco World, 1969 March/April. 2-3. -# http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/196902/dinner.at.when.htm -# Also see: Antar EN. Arabian flying is confusing. -# Port Angeles (WA) Evening News. 1965-03-10. page 3. -# -# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best -# we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics -# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated -# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and -# Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the -# earlier date. -# -# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two -# time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of -# the country. Presumably this is documenting airline time. Ignore this, -# as it's before our 1970 cutoff. -# -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14 - 3:00 - +03 +# See Etc/GMT-3.

# Singapore # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) -# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html +# https://web.archive.org/web/20190822231045/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mathe... # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. @@ -3819,10 +3692,7 @@ Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 5:00 - +05

# Thailand -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 - 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time - 7:00 - +07 +# See Etc/GMT-7.

# Turkmenistan # From Shanks & Pottenger. @@ -3834,9 +3704,7 @@ Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 5:00 - +05

# United Arab Emirates -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 - 4:00 - +04 +# See Etc/GMT-4.

# Uzbekistan # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53. @@ -3926,9 +3794,9 @@ Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 # details are unknown and would likely be too voluminous for this database. # # For timestamps in north Vietnam back to 1970 (the tzdb cutoff), -# use Asia/Bangkok; see the VN entries in the file zone1970.tab. +# use Etc/GMT-7; see the VN entries in the file zone1970.tab. # For timestamps before 1970, see Asia/Hanoi in the file 'backzone'.

# Yemen -# See Asia/Riyadh. +# See Etc/GMT-3. diff --git a/australasia b/australasia index 18dfd93..9d3cd2f 100644 --- a/australasia +++ b/australasia @@ -252,16 +252,10 @@ Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov 10:00 AT AE%sT

# Christmas -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb - 7:00 - +07 +# See Etc/GMT-7.

# Cocos (Keeling) Is -# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. -# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 - 6:30 - +0630 +# See Asia/Yangon.

# Fiji @@ -409,12 +403,9 @@ Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva

# French Polynesia # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea - -9:00 - -09 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct -9:30 - -0930 -Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete - -10:00 - -10 +# See Etc/GMT+9 for the Gambier Islands and Etc/GMT+10 for the Society Islands. # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; # it is uninhabited.

@@ -460,9 +451,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time

# Kiribati +# See Etc/GMT-12 for the Gilbert Islands. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki - 12:00 - +12 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct -11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31 @@ -476,15 +466,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 # See Pacific/Guam.

# Marshall Is +# See Etc/GMT-12 for most locations. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 - 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct - 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 - 11:00 - +11 1937 - 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 - 9:00 - +09 1944 Jan 30 - 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct - 12:00 - +12 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 11:00 - +11 1937 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 @@ -494,22 +477,9 @@ Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 12:00 - +12

# Micronesia +# For Chuuk and Yap see Etc/GMT-10. +# For Pohnpei see Etc/GMT-11. # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 - 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 - 10:00 - +10 1914 Oct - 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 - 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 - 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug - 10:00 - +10 -Zone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia - 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 - 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct - 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 - 11:00 - +11 1937 - 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 - 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug - 11:00 - +11 Zone Pacific/Kosrae -13:08:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct @@ -658,16 +628,10 @@ Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 11:00 AN +11/+12

# Palau (Belau) -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Pacific/Palau -15:02:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Koror - 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 - 9:00 - +09 +# See Etc/GMT-9.

# Papua New Guinea -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 - 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time - 10:00 - +10 +# See Etc/GMT-10 for most locations. # # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have @@ -787,9 +751,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5

# Solomon Is # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara - 11:00 - +11 +# See Etc/GMT-11. +

# Tokelau # @@ -830,9 +793,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:12 - LMT 1945 Sep 10 13:00 Tonga +13/+14

# Tuvalu -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 - 12:00 - +12 +# See Etc/GMT-12.

# US minor outlying islands @@ -891,9 +852,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati

# Wake -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 - 12:00 - +12 +# See Etc/GMT-12.

# Vanuatu @@ -932,9 +891,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12

# Wallis and Futuna -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 - 12:00 - +12 +# See Etc/GMT-12.

###############################################################################

@@ -1834,13 +1791,6 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # Like the Ladrones (see Guam commentary), assume the Spanish East Indies # kept American time until the Philippines switched at the end of 1844.

-# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), -# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' -# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." -# -# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 -# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. - # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) @@ -2001,9 +1951,6 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # From Michael Deckers (2019-08-14): # https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2019C00010

-# Palau -# See commentary for Micronesia. - # Pitcairn

# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): @@ -2173,26 +2120,6 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing.

-# Wake - -# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, -# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): -# -# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the -# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the -# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we -# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time -# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost -# impossible. -# -# https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm - -# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): -# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. - -# See also the commentary for Micronesia. - - ###############################################################################

# The International Date Line diff --git a/backward b/backward index 9b5e6d0..0d9ecfa 100644 --- a/backward +++ b/backward @@ -5,30 +5,35 @@

# This file provides links between current names for timezones # and their old names. Many names changed in late 1993. +# Many others were moved here in 2021. Several of these names are +# also present in the file 'backzone', which has data important only +# for pre-1970 timestamps and so is out of scope for tzdb proper.

# Link TARGET LINK-NAME +Link Etc/GMT Africa/Abidjan +Link Etc/GMT Africa/Accra Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmera -Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako +Link Etc/GMT Africa/Bamako Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui -Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul +Link Etc/GMT Africa/Banjul Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura -Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry -Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar +Link Etc/GMT Africa/Conakry +Link Etc/GMT Africa/Dakar Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala -Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown +Link Etc/GMT Africa/Freetown Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville -Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome +Link Etc/GMT Africa/Lome Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka @@ -37,75 +42,95 @@ Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey -Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott -Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou +Link Etc/GMT Africa/Nouakchott +Link Etc/GMT Africa/Ouagadougou Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo -Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Timbuktu -Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Anguilla -Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Antigua +Link Etc/GMT Africa/Timbuktu +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Anguilla +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Antigua Link America/Argentina/Catamarca America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia -Link America/Curacao America/Aruba +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Aruba +Link America/Panama America/Atikokan Link America/Adak America/Atka +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Blanc-Sablon Link America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires America/Buenos_Aires Link America/Argentina/Catamarca America/Catamarca +Link Etc/GMT+3 America/Cayenne Link America/Panama America/Cayman -Link America/Atikokan America/Coral_Harbour +Link America/Panama America/Coral_Harbour Link America/Argentina/Cordoba America/Cordoba -Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Dominica +Link America/Phoenix America/Creston +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Curacao +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Dominica Link America/Tijuana America/Ensenada Link America/Indiana/Indianapolis America/Fort_Wayne Link America/Nuuk America/Godthab -Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Grenada -Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Guadeloupe +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Grenada +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Guadeloupe Link America/Indiana/Indianapolis America/Indianapolis Link America/Argentina/Jujuy America/Jujuy Link America/Indiana/Knox America/Knox_IN -Link America/Curacao America/Kralendijk +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Kralendijk +Link Etc/GMT+4 America/La_Paz Link America/Kentucky/Louisville America/Louisville -Link America/Curacao America/Lower_Princes -Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Lower_Princes +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Marigot Link America/Argentina/Mendoza America/Mendoza Link America/Toronto America/Montreal -Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Montserrat +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Montserrat +Link America/Toronto America/Nassau +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Port_of_Spain Link America/Rio_Branco America/Porto_Acre Link America/Argentina/Cordoba America/Rosario Link America/Tijuana America/Santa_Isabel Link America/Denver America/Shiprock -Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy -Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Kitts -Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Lucia -Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Thomas -Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Vincent -Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Tortola -Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Virgin +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/St_Barthelemy +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/St_Kitts +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/St_Lucia +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/St_Thomas +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/St_Vincent +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Tortola +Link America/Puerto_Rico America/Virgin +Link Etc/GMT-10 Antarctica/DumontDUrville Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/South_Pole -Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen -Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden +Link Etc/GMT-3 Antarctica/Syowa +Link Etc/GMT-6 Antarctica/Vostok +Link Europe/Berlin Arctic/Longyearbyen +Link Etc/GMT-3 Asia/Aden Link Asia/Ashgabat Asia/Ashkhabad Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain +Link Etc/GMT-7 Asia/Bangkok +Link Etc/GMT-8 Asia/Brunei Link Asia/Kolkata Asia/Calcutta Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Chongqing Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Chungking Link Asia/Dhaka Asia/Dacca +Link Etc/GMT-4 Asia/Dubai Link Asia/Shanghai Asia/Harbin Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul -Link Asia/Urumqi Asia/Kashgar +Link Etc/GMT-6 Asia/Kashgar Link Asia/Kathmandu Asia/Katmandu -Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait +Link Asia/Singapore Asia/Kuala_Lumpur +Link Etc/GMT-8 Asia/Kuching +Link Etc/GMT-3 Asia/Kuwait Link Asia/Macau Asia/Macao -Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat -Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh +Link Etc/GMT-4 Asia/Muscat +Link Etc/GMT-7 Asia/Phnom_Penh Link Asia/Yangon Asia/Rangoon +Link Etc/GMT-3 Asia/Riyadh Link Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh Asia/Saigon Link Asia/Jerusalem Asia/Tel_Aviv Link Asia/Thimphu Asia/Thimbu Link Asia/Makassar Asia/Ujung_Pandang Link Asia/Ulaanbaatar Asia/Ulan_Bator -Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane +Link Etc/GMT-6 Asia/Urumqi +Link Etc/GMT-7 Asia/Vientiane Link Atlantic/Faroe Atlantic/Faeroe -Link Europe/Oslo Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena +Link Europe/Berlin Atlantic/Jan_Mayen +Link Etc/GMT Atlantic/Reykjavik +Link Etc/GMT+2 Atlantic/South_Georgia +Link Etc/GMT Atlantic/St_Helena Link Australia/Sydney Australia/ACT Link Australia/Sydney Australia/Canberra Link Australia/Hobart Australia/Currie @@ -139,19 +164,25 @@ Link America/Havana Cuba Link Africa/Cairo Egypt Link Europe/Dublin Eire Link Etc/UTC Etc/UCT +Link Europe/Brussels Europe/Amsterdam Link Europe/London Europe/Belfast Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen +Link Europe/Berlin Europe/Copenhagen Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana +Link Europe/Brussels Europe/Luxembourg Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn +Link Europe/Paris Europe/Monaco Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia +Link Europe/Berlin Europe/Oslo Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje +Link Europe/Berlin Europe/Stockholm Link Europe/Chisinau Europe/Tiraspol Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican @@ -163,10 +194,16 @@ Link Etc/GMT GMT-0 Link Etc/GMT GMT0 Link Etc/GMT Greenwich Link Asia/Hong_Kong Hongkong -Link Atlantic/Reykjavik Iceland +Link Etc/GMT Iceland Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo +Link Etc/GMT-7 Indian/Christmas +Link Asia/Yangon Indian/Cocos Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro +Link Etc/GMT-5 Indian/Kerguelen +Link Etc/GMT-4 Indian/Mahe +Link Etc/GMT-5 Indian/Maldives Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte +Link Etc/GMT-4 Indian/Reunion Link Asia/Tehran Iran Link Asia/Jerusalem Israel Link America/Jamaica Jamaica @@ -180,13 +217,25 @@ Link Pacific/Auckland NZ Link Pacific/Chatham NZ-CHAT Link America/Denver Navajo Link Asia/Shanghai PRC +Link Etc/GMT-10 Pacific/Chuuk +Link Etc/GMT-12 Pacific/Funafuti +Link Etc/GMT+9 Pacific/Gambier +Link Etc/GMT-11 Pacific/Guadalcanal Link Pacific/Honolulu Pacific/Johnston +Link Etc/GMT-12 Pacific/Majuro Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway -Link Pacific/Pohnpei Pacific/Ponape +Link Etc/GMT-9 Pacific/Palau +Link Etc/GMT-11 Pacific/Pohnpei +Link Etc/GMT-11 Pacific/Ponape +Link Etc/GMT-10 Pacific/Port_Moresby Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Samoa -Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Truk -Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Yap +Link Etc/GMT+10 Pacific/Tahiti +Link Etc/GMT-12 Pacific/Tarawa +Link Etc/GMT-10 Pacific/Truk +Link Etc/GMT-12 Pacific/Wake +Link Etc/GMT-12 Pacific/Wallis +Link Etc/GMT-10 Pacific/Yap Link Europe/Warsaw Poland Link Europe/Lisbon Portugal Link Asia/Taipei ROC diff --git a/backzone b/backzone index 8e4f97a..b58f4d8 100644 --- a/backzone +++ b/backzone @@ -68,6 +68,96 @@ # # As explained in the zic man page, the zone columns are: # Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +# and the rule columns are: +# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S + + +# Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast +Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 + 0:00 - GMT + + +# Ghana + +# From P Chan (2020-11-20): +# Interpretation Amendment Ordinance, 1915 (No.24 of 1915) [1915-11-02] +# Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1915, p 69-71 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=ErA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA70 +# This Ordinance added "'Time' shall mean Greenwich Mean Time" to the +# Interpretation Ordinance, 1876. +# +# Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919 (No. 18 of 1919) [1919-11-24] +# Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1919, p 75-76 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=MbA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA75 +# This Ordinance removed the previous definition of time and introduced DST. +# +# Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 214) +# The Laws of the Gold Coast (including Togoland Under British Mandate) +# Vol. II (1937), p 2328 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=Z7M-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA2328 +# Revised edition of the 1919 Ordinance. +# +# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1940 (No. 9 of 1940) [1940-04-06] +# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: +# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1940, p 22 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=1ao-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA22 +# This Ordinance changed the forward transition from September to May. +# +# Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment) Regulations, 1942 +# (Regulations No. 6 of 1942) [1942-01-31, commenced on 1942-02-08] +# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: +# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 48 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA48 +# These regulations advanced the [standard] time by thirty minutes. +# +# Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment (No.2)) Regulations, +# 1942 (Regulations No. 28 of 1942) [1942-04-25] +# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: +# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 87 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA87 +# These regulations abolished DST and changed the time to GMT+0:30. +# +# Defence (Revocation) (No.4) Regulations, 1945 (Regulations No. 45 of +# 1945) [1945-10-24, commenced on 1946-01-06] +# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: +# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 256 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA256 +# These regulations revoked the previous two sets of Regulations. +# +# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1945 (No. 18 of 1945) [1946-01-06] +# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: +# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 69 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA69 +# This Ordinance abolished DST. +# +# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1950 (No. 26 of 1950) [1950-07-22] +# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast: +# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1950, p 35 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=e60-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA35 +# This Ordinance restored DST but with thirty minutes offset. +# +# Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 264) +# The Laws of the Gold Coast, Vol. V (1954), p 380 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=Mqc-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA380 +# Revised edition of the Time Determination Ordinance. +# +# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1956 (No. 21 of 1956) [1956-08-29] +# Annual Volume of the Ordinances of the Gold Coast Enacted During the +# Year 1956, p 83 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=VLE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA83 +# This Ordinance abolished DST. + +Rule Ghana 1919 only - Nov 24 0:00 0:20 +0020 +Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT +Rule Ghana 1920 1939 - Sep 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 +Rule Ghana 1940 1941 - May 1 2:00 0:20 +0020 +Rule Ghana 1950 1955 - Sep 1 2:00 0:30 +0030 +Rule Ghana 1951 1956 - Jan 1 2:00 0 GMT + +Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1915 Nov 2 + 0:00 Ghana %s 1942 Feb 8 + 0:30 - +0030 1946 Jan 6 + 0:00 Ghana %s

# Ethiopia # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31): @@ -201,7 +291,6 @@ Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2021-February/029866.html # Go with the above.

-# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule SL 1932 only - Dec 1 0:00 0:20 -0040 Rule SL 1933 1938 - Mar 31 24:00 0 -01 Rule SL 1933 1939 - Aug 31 24:00 0:20 -0040 @@ -350,6 +439,90 @@ Zone America/Aruba -4:40:24 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Oranjestad -4:30 - -0430 1965 -4:00 - AST

+# Atikokan, Ontario + +# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17): +# Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star +# says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST, +# but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT. +# He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9) +# http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html +# says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT. +# Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report +# concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): +# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and +# New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes +# CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in +# violation of the official Ontario rules. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09): +# Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the +# 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said: +# +# The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round. +# This means they spend about half the time on central time and +# the other half on eastern time. +# +# For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said. +# +# "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern +# Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he +# said. "I don't see any changes happening here." +# +# Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang +# [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice." + +# From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton: +# I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory +# and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he +# can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current +# time keeping since 1952, at least. + +# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17): +# Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River +# ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from +# McKinnon sounds more authoritative. For now, assume that Atikokan +# switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time +# ended. This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour +# entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move +# America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file. + +Zone America/Atikokan -6:06:28 - LMT 1895 + -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29 + -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s + -6:00 Canada C%sT 1945 Sep 30 2:00 + -5:00 - EST + +# Quebec east of Natashquan + +# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-09): +# H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map +# "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998) +# http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/alacarte.asp +# says that Quebec east of the -63 meridian is supposed to observe +# AST, but residents as far east as Natashquan use EST/EDT, and +# residents east of Natashquan use AST. +# The Quebec department of justice writes in +# "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord" +# https://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/en/department/ministre/functions-and-responsa... +# that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon +# observes Atlantic standard time all year round. +# This common practice was codified into law as of 2007; see Legal Time Act, +# CQLR c T-5.1 <http://legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/ShowDoc/cs/T-5.1>. +# For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to +# Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT. + +Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 - LMT 1884 + -4:00 Canada A%sT 1970 + -4:00 - AST + +# French Guiana +Zone America/Cayenne -3:29:20 - LMT 1911 Jul + -4:00 - -04 1967 Oct + -3:00 - -03 + # Cayman Is Zone America/Cayman -5:25:32 - LMT 1890 # Georgetown -5:07:10 - KMT 1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time @@ -370,6 +543,85 @@ Zone America/Coral_Harbour -5:32:40 - LMT 1884 -5:00 NT_YK E%sT 1946 -5:00 - EST

+# From Chris Walton (2011-12-01): +# There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia +# that do not currently observe daylight saving: +# a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area) +# b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District +# (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John) + +# Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time +# keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the +# manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009. +# http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260 +# According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918. +# i.e. Creston has been stuck on UT-7 for 93 years. +# Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972. + +# Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains +# unknown and will be difficult to ascertain. I e-mailed Tammy a few months +# ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess. She said it was just +# as plausible as any other date (in June). She also said that after writing +# the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the +# subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010. +# http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&c... + +# Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history: +# 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7) +# Exact date unknown +# 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8) +# Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess. +# 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7) +# Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess. +# note 1: +# On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada, +# Creston did not change its clocks. +# note 2: +# During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change, +# Creston did not oblige. +# note 3: +# There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time +# (UTC-7) forever. +# The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council. +# http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760... + +# During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada. +# In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying +# summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before +# the change. It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this +# period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough +# (to anyone) to further complicate the rules. + +# The transition dates (and times) are guesses. + +Zone America/Creston -7:46:04 - LMT 1884 + -7:00 - MST 1916 Oct 1 + -8:00 - PST 1918 Jun 2 + -7:00 - MST + +# Curaçao +# Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curaçao mean time; round to nearest. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at +# -4:00 since standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that +# Kralendijk and Rincon used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from +# 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01. The former is dubious, since S&P also say +# Saba Island has been like Curaçao. +# This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though. +# +# By July 2007 Curaçao and St Maarten are planned to become +# associated states within the Netherlands, much like Aruba; +# Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius would become directly part of the +# Netherlands as Kingdom Islands. This won't affect their time zones +# though, as far as we know. +# +Zone America/Curacao -4:35:47 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad + -4:30 - -0430 1965 + -4:00 - AST +Link America/Curacao America/Kralendijk +Link America/Curacao America/Lower_Princes + # Dominica Zone America/Dominica -4:05:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Roseau -4:00 - AST @@ -392,6 +644,12 @@ Zone America/Grenada -4:07:00 - LMT 1911 Jul # St George's Zone America/Guadeloupe -4:06:08 - LMT 1911 Jun 8 # Pointe-à-Pitre -4:00 - AST

+# Bolivia +Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890 + -4:32:36 - CMT 1931 Oct 15 # Calamarca MT + -4:32:36 1:00 BST 1932 Mar 21 # Bolivia ST + -4:00 - -04 + # Canada # # From Paul Eggert (2015-03-24): @@ -403,7 +661,6 @@ Zone America/Guadeloupe -4:06:08 - LMT 1911 Jun 8 # Pointe-à-Pitre # Pottenger data. The post-1970 entries have been corrected, but the # pre-1970 entries are unchecked and probably have errors. # -# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Mont 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 1:00 D Rule Mont 1917 only - Apr 24 0:00 0 S Rule Mont 1919 only - Mar 31 2:30 1:00 D @@ -439,6 +696,48 @@ Zone America/Montreal -4:54:16 - LMT 1884 Zone America/Montserrat -4:08:52 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Cork Hill -4:00 - AST

+# The Bahamas +# +# For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that. +# +# From P Chan (2020-11-27, corrected on 2020-12-02): +# There were two periods of DST observed in 1942-1945: 1942-05-01 +# midnight to 1944-12-31 midnight and 1945-02-01 to 1945-10-17 midnight. +# "midnight" should mean 24:00 from the context. +# +# War Time Order 1942 [1942-05-01] and War Time (No. 2) Order 1942 [1942-09-29] +# Appendix to the Statutes of 7 George VI. and the Year 1942. p 34, 43 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA34 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA43 +# +# War Time Order 1943 [1943-03-31] and War Time Order 1944 [1943-12-29] +# Appendix to the Statutes of 8 George VI. and the Year 1943. p 9-10, 28-29 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA9 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA28 +# +# War Time Order 1945 [1945-01-31] and the Order which revoke War Time Order +# 1945 [1945-10-16] Appendix to the Statutes of 9 George VI. and the Year +# 1945. p 160, 247-248 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA160 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA247 +# +# From Sue Williams (2006-12-07): +# The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST +# rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007.... +# http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412 + +Rule Bahamas 1942 only - May 1 24:00 1:00 W +Rule Bahamas 1944 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 S +Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Feb 1 0:00 1:00 W +Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace +Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Oct 17 24:00 0 S +Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D + +Zone America/Nassau -5:09:30 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 + -5:00 Bahamas E%sT 1976 + -5:00 US E%sT + # United States # # From Paul Eggert (2018-03-18): @@ -463,6 +762,13 @@ Zone America/Montserrat -4:08:52 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Cork Hill # https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19470110 # front page reports on end.

+# Trinidad and Tobago +Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 + -4:00 - AST +Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot +Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy +Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Virgin + # Argentina # This entry was intended for the following areas, but has been superseded by # more detailed zones. @@ -486,7 +792,7 @@ Zone America/St_Lucia -4:04:00 - LMT 1890 # Castries -4:04:00 - CMT 1912 # Castries Mean Time -4:00 - AST

-# Virgin Is +# US Virgin Is Zone America/St_Thomas -4:19:44 - LMT 1911 Jul # Charlotte Amalie -4:00 - AST

@@ -499,11 +805,65 @@ Zone America/St_Vincent -4:04:56 - LMT 1890 # Kingstown Zone America/Tortola -4:18:28 - LMT 1911 Jul # Road Town -4:00 - AST

+# Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11 +# <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumont_d'Urville_Station> (2005-12-05) +# +# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947. +# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14. +# +Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - -00 1947 + 10:00 - +10 1952 Jan 14 + 0 - -00 1956 Nov + 10:00 - +10 + # McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12 Zone Antarctica/McMurdo 0 - -00 1956 12:00 NZ NZ%sT Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole

+# Syowa, Antarctica +# +# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): +# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. +# +# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, +# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main +# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. +Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - -00 1957 Jan 29 + 3:00 - +03 +# See: +# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17) +# http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html + +# Vostok, Antarctica +# +# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11 +# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15): +# http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP +# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same +# time as Moscow, Russia. +# +# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08): +# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is +# what they had to say about time there: +# "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo) +# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was +# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead +# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The +# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT." +# +# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04): +# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it +# in person. He said that some Antarctic locations set their local +# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this +# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean +# solar noon. So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks +# happened to be during their visit. So we still don't really know what time +# it is at Vostok. But we'll guess +06. +# +Zone Antarctica/Vostok 0 - -00 1957 Dec 16 + 6:00 - +06 + # Yemen # Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden, # and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia. @@ -542,6 +902,16 @@ Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1941 Jul 20 # Manamah 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun 3:00 - +03

+# Thailand +Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 + 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time + 7:00 - +07 + +# Brunei +Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan + 7:30 - +0730 1933 + 8:00 - +08 + # India # # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): @@ -567,6 +937,10 @@ Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking 8:00 PRC C%sT Link Asia/Chongqing Asia/Chungking

+# United Arab Emirates +Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 + 4:00 - +04 + # Vietnam # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): # See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for this data. @@ -597,6 +971,32 @@ Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar 5:00 - +05 1980 May 8:00 PRC C%sT

+# peninsular Malaysia +# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) +# https://web.archive.org/web/20190822231045/http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mathe... +# This agrees with Singapore since 1905-06-01. +Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 + 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. + 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 + 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 + 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 + 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 + 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1 + 8:00 - +08 +# +# Sabah & Sarawak +# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12): +# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 +# and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. +Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 - +Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - +Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar + 7:30 - +0730 1933 + 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 + 8:00 - +08 + # Kuwait Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 3:00 - +03 @@ -646,11 +1046,118 @@ Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 7:00 - +07

+# Saudi Arabia +# +# From Paul Eggert (2018-08-29): +# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not +# standardized until 1968 or so; we don't know exactly when, and possibly it +# has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to +# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines +# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar +# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12 +# o'clock for "Arab" time). +# +# Timekeeping differed depending on who you were and which part of Saudi +# Arabia you were in. In 1969, Elias Antar wrote that although a common +# practice had been to set one's watch to 12:00 (i.e., midnight) at sunset - +# which meant that the time on one side of a mountain could differ greatly from +# the time on the other side - many foreigners set their watches to 6pm +# instead, while airlines instead used UTC +03 (except in Dhahran, where they +# used UTC +04), Aramco used UTC +03 with DST, and the Trans-Arabian Pipe Line +# Company used Aramco time in eastern Saudi Arabia and airline time in western. +# (The American Military Aid Advisory Group used plain UTC.) Antar writes, +# "A man named Higgins, so the story goes, used to run a local power +# station. One day, the whole thing became too much for Higgins and he +# assembled his staff and laid down the law. 'I've had enough of this,' he +# shrieked. 'It is now 12 o'clock Higgins Time, and from now on this station is +# going to run on Higgins Time.' And so, until last year, it did." See: +# Antar E. Dinner at When? Saudi Aramco World, 1969 March/April. 2-3. +# http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/196902/dinner.at.when.htm +# Also see: Antar EN. Arabian flying is confusing. +# Port Angeles (WA) Evening News. 1965-03-10. page 3. +# +# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best +# we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics +# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated +# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and +# Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the +# earlier date. +# +# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two +# time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of +# the country. Presumably this is documenting airline time. Ignore this, +# as it's before our 1970 cutoff. +# +Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14 + 3:00 - +03 + + # Israel Zone Asia/Tel_Aviv 2:19:04 - LMT 1880 2:21 - JMT 1918 2:00 Zion I%sT

+ +# Xinjiang + +# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): +# It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the +# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding +# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. +# +# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any +# start date for Xinjiang time. +# +# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally +# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur +# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also +# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) + +# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26): +# Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986: +# https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html + +# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22): +# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from +# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's +# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David +# Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially +# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least +# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time; +# and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers +# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some +# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only +# problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as +# having the same time as Beijing. + +# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): +# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06) +# but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun, +# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN +# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x. +# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone. +# +# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see +# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government" +# <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22). +# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986. +# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty, +# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan +# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of +# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be +# quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to +# UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, +# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a +# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before +# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and +# that the sort of users who prefer Etc/GMT-6 now typically ignored the +# +08 mandate back then. + +# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi +# / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) +Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 + 6:00 - +06 + # Laos # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-11): # See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of this data. @@ -670,6 +1177,68 @@ Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 # From Whitman: Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - -01

+# Iceland +# +# From Adam David (1993-11-06): +# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. +# +# (1993-12-05): +# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of +# Iceland Almanak. +# +# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour +# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts +# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavík mean solar time which +# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. +# +# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks +# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the +# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always +# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. +# +# (1993-12-10): +# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the +# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus +# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. +# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day +# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. +# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" +# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it +# might mean something else (???). +# +# From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22): +# The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see +# http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html +# +Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 - +Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - +Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 - +Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 - +Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 - +Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 - +Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 - +Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 - +Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 - +Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 - +# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter +Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 - +Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - +# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter +Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 - +# 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week +Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - +Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - +Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - + +Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908 + -1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s + 0:00 - GMT +Link Atlantic/Reykjavik Iceland + +# South Georgia +Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 - LMT 1890 # Grytviken + -2:00 - -02 + # St Helena Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1890 # Jamestown -0:22:48 - JMT 1951 # Jamestown Mean Time @@ -681,6 +1250,85 @@ Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1968 Oct 15 10:00 AT AE%sT

+ +# Netherlands + +# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, +# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. + +# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): +# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 +# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including +# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time +# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the +# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was +# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. +# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and +# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). +# +# (2001-04-08): +# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to +# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common +# practice of following Amsterdam mean time. +# +# (2001-04-09): +# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the +# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe +# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was +# actually followed. +# +# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to +# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of +# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most +# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically +# adopted Amsterdam mean time. +# +# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety +# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it +# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe +# Amsterdam mean time. + +# The data entries before 1945 are taken from +# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm + +# From Paul Eggert (2021-05-09): +# I invented the abbreviations AMT for Amsterdam Mean Time and NST for +# Netherlands Summer Time, used in the Netherlands from 1835 to 1937. + +Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time +Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time +Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT +Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT +Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT +Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST +# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week +# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. +Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST +Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - +Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - +# +# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13, but the .13 is omitted +# below because the current format requires STDOFF to be an integer. +# +Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 + 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 + 0:20 Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16 0:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 + 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + + # Northern Ireland Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 @@ -692,6 +1340,60 @@ Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 0:00 EU GMT/BST

+ +# Denmark + +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26): +# the law [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... +# The page https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1893/83 +# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. +# +# The EU [actually, EEC and Euratom] treaty with effect from 1973: +# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1972/21100 +# +# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes +# in subsequent decrees with the law +# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1974/223 +# +# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have +# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST +# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to +# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from +# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know +# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only +# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: +# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning +# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which +# was suspended on that night): +# https://web.archive.org/web/20140104053304/https://www.retsinformation.dk/Fo... + +# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11): +# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between +# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. + +# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): +# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not +# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. + +Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - +Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - +Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - +Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - +Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - +# +Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 + 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT + 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 + 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + # Guernsey # Data from Joseph S. Myers # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html @@ -747,6 +1449,85 @@ Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 1:00 EU CE%sT

+ +# Luxembourg + +# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; +# go with Shanks & Pottenger. +Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - +Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - +Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S +Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S + +Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun + 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 + 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s + 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 + 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 + 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + +# Monaco +# +# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12): +# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1892-05-24, online at +# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/b1c67c1... +# we read: ... +# [In virtue of a Sovereign Ordinance of the May 13 of the current [year], +# legal time in the Principality will be set to, from the date of June 1, +# 1892 onwards, to the meridian of Paris, as in France.] +# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1911-03-28, online at +# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/de74ffb... +# we read an ordinance of 1911-03-16: ... +# [Legal time in the Principality will be set, from the date of promulgation +# of the present ordinance, to legal time in France.... Consequently, legal +# time will be retarded by 9 minutes and 21 seconds.] +# +Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1892 Jun 1 + 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 29 # Paris Mean Time + 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 + 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + + +# Norway + +# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & +# Pottenger. +Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S +Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - +Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - +Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - +Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S + +Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 + 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 + 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 + 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 + 1:00 EU CE%sT +Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen + # Bosnia and Herzegovina Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 @@ -763,6 +1544,64 @@ Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 1:00 EU CE%sT

+ +# Sweden + +# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: +# +# The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: +# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all +# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at +# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the +# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. +# +# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18° 03' 30" +# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the +# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... +# +# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk +# författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning +# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at +# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English +# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west +# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated +# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time +# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. +# +# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states +# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is +# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... +# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". +# +# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish +# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are +# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available +# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type +# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click +# the Sök-button). +# +# (2001-05-13): +# +# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 +# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show +# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some +# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already +# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another +# hour before the event took place. +# +# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. + +# An extra-special abbreviation style is SET for Swedish Time (svensk +# normaltid) 1879-1899, 3° west of the Stockholm Observatory. + +Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 + 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time + 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 + 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00 + 1:00 - CET 1980 + 1:00 EU CE%sT + + # Moldova / Transnistria Zone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT @@ -793,18 +1632,118 @@ Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 3:00 - EAT

+# Christmas +Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb + 7:00 - +07 + +# Cocos (Keeling) Is +# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. +# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. +Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 + 6:30 - +0630 + # Comoros Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 3:00 - EAT

+# Kerguelen +Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - -00 1950 # Port-aux-Français + 5:00 - +05 + +# Seychelles +# +# From P Chan (2020-11-27): +# Standard Time was adopted on 1907-01-01. +# +# Standard Time Ordinance (Chapter 237) +# The Laws of Seychelles in Force on the 31st December, 1971, Vol. 6, p 571 +# https://books.google.com/books?id=efE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA571 +# +# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-05): +# A footnote on https://books.google.com/books?id=DYdDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1689 +# confirms that Ordinance No. 9 of 1906 "was brought into force on the 1st +# January, 1907." + +Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1907 Jan 1 # Victoria + 4:00 - +04 +# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): +# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the +# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory +# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know +# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. +# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. + + +# Maldives +Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Malé + 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Malé Mean Time + 5:00 - +05 + # Mayotte Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 3:00 - EAT

-# US minor outlying islands +# Réunion +Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis + 4:00 - +04 +# +# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows. +# The following information about them is taken from +# Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, +# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). +# We have no info about their time zone histories. +# +# Bassas da India - uninhabited +# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families +# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 +# Juan de Nova - uninhabited +# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 + +# Micronesia +# Also see commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): +# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), +# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' +# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." +# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 +# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. +Zone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 + 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 + 10:00 - +10 1914 Oct + 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 + 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug + 10:00 - +10 +Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Truk +Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Yap + +# Tuvalu +Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 + 12:00 - +12 + +# Gambier Islands +Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea + -9:00 - -09 + +# Solomon Islands +Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara + 11:00 - +11 + +# Johnston Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST

-# US minor outlying islands +# Marshall Is +Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 + 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct + 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 + 11:00 - +11 1937 + 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 + 9:00 - +09 1944 Jan 30 + 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct + 12:00 - +12 + +# Midway # # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): # [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, @@ -821,9 +1760,71 @@ Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 -11:00 1:00 -10 1956 Sep 2 -11:00 - -11

+# Palau (Belau) +# See commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'. +Zone Pacific/Palau -15:02:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Koror + 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 + 9:00 - +09 + +# Micronesia +# See commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'. +Zone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia + 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 + 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct + 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 + 11:00 - +11 1937 + 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 + 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug + 11:00 - +11 +Link Pacific/Pohnpei Pacific/Ponape + +# Papua New Guinea +Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 + 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time + 10:00 - +10 + # N Mariana Is Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 9:00 - +09 1969 Oct 10:00 - +10 2000 Dec 23 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time + +# Society Islands +Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete + -10:00 - -10 + +# Gilbert Islands +Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki + 12:00 - +12 + + +# Wake + +# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, +# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): +# +# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the +# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the +# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we +# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time +# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost +# impossible. +# +# https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm + +# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): +# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. + +# Also see commentary for Micronesia in 'australasia'. +Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 + 12:00 - +12 + + +# Wallis and Futuna +Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 + 12:00 - +12 + +# Local Variables: +# coding: utf-8 +# End: diff --git a/checktab.awk b/checktab.awk index d5317ac..5748341 100644 --- a/checktab.awk +++ b/checktab.awk @@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ $1 ~ /^#/ { next } ruleUsed[$2] = 1 if ($3 ~ /%/) rulePercentUsed[$2] = 1 } - if (tz && tz ~ /\//) { + if (tz && tz ~ /\// && tz !~ /^Etc\//) { if (!tztab[tz]) { printf "%s: no data for '%s'\n", zone_table, tz \ >>"/dev/stderr" @@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ END { } } for (tz in tztab) { - if (!zoneSeen[tz]) { + if (!zoneSeen[tz] && tz !~ /^Etc\//) { printf "%s:%d: no Zone table for '%s'\n", \ zone_table, tz2NR[tz], tz >>"/dev/stderr" status = 1 diff --git a/etcetera b/etcetera index 1dc7411..dc21c4d 100644 --- a/etcetera +++ b/etcetera @@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ # Starting with POSIX 1003.1-2001, the entries below are all # unnecessary as settings for the TZ environment variable. E.g., # instead of TZ='Etc/GMT+4' one can use the POSIX setting TZ='<-04>+4'. +# However, some entries are needed if 'backward' is used: +# for example, the 'backward' file links Etc/GMT to Africa/Abidjan. # # Do not use a POSIX TZ setting like TZ='GMT+4', which is four hours # behind GMT but uses the completely misleading abbreviation "GMT". diff --git a/europe b/europe index 9e73fa9..b9289d3 100644 --- a/europe +++ b/europe @@ -68,7 +68,6 @@ # 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe -# 0:19:32.13 AMT* NST* Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937) # 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971) # 1:00 IST GMT Irish Standard (1968-) with winter DST # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe @@ -1024,59 +1023,8 @@ Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 # Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.

# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland +# For Denmark see Europe/Berlin.

-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26): -# the law [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... -# The page https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1893/83 -# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. -# -# The EU [actually, EEC and Euratom] treaty with effect from 1973: -# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1972/21100 -# -# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes -# in subsequent decrees with the law -# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1974/223 -# -# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have -# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST -# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to -# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from -# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know -# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only -# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: -# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning -# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which -# was suspended on that night): -# https://web.archive.org/web/20140104053304/https://www.retsinformation.dk/Fo... - -# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11): -# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between -# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. - -# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): -# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not -# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. - -# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - -Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - -Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - -Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - -Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - -# -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 - 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT - 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 - 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 - 1:00 EU CE%sT Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn 0:00 - WET 1981 0:00 EU WE%sT @@ -1621,62 +1569,7 @@ Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Nov 1 1:00 EU CE%sT

# Iceland -# -# From Adam David (1993-11-06): -# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. -# -# (1993-12-05): -# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of -# Iceland Almanak. -# -# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour -# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts -# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavík mean solar time which -# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. -# -# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks -# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the -# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always -# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. -# -# (1993-12-10): -# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the -# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus -# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. -# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day -# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. -# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" -# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it -# might mean something else (???). -# -# From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22): -# The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see -# http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html -# -# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Iceland 1917 1919 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 - -Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - -Rule Iceland 1918 1919 - Nov 16 1:00 0 - -Rule Iceland 1921 only - Mar 19 23:00 1:00 - -Rule Iceland 1921 only - Jun 23 1:00 0 - -Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 - -Rule Iceland 1939 only - Oct 29 2:00 0 - -Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 - -Rule Iceland 1940 1941 - Nov Sun>=2 1:00s 0 - -Rule Iceland 1941 1942 - Mar Sun>=2 1:00s 1:00 - -# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter -Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 - -Rule Iceland 1942 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - -# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter -Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 - -# 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week -Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - -Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - -Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908 - -1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s - 0:00 - GMT +# See Etc/GMT.

# Italy # @@ -1947,40 +1840,7 @@ Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 2:00 EU EE%sT

# Luxembourg -# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; -# go with Shanks & Pottenger. -# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - -Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - -Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S -Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun - 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 - 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s - 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 - 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 - 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 - 1:00 EU CE%sT +# See Europe/Brussels.

# North Macedonia # See Europe/Belgrade. @@ -2081,122 +1941,16 @@ Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 2:00 Moldova EE%sT

# Monaco -# -# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12): -# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1892-05-24, online at -# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/b1c67c1... -# we read: ... -# [In virtue of a Sovereign Ordinance of the May 13 of the current [year], -# legal time in the Principality will be set to, from the date of June 1, -# 1892 onwards, to the meridian of Paris, as in France.] -# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1911-03-28, online at -# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/de74ffb... -# we read an ordinance of 1911-03-16: ... -# [Legal time in the Principality will be set, from the date of promulgation -# of the present ordinance, to legal time in France.... Consequently, legal -# time will be retarded by 9 minutes and 21 seconds.] -# -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1892 Jun 1 - 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 29 # Paris Mean Time - 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 - 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 - 1:00 EU CE%sT +# See Europe/Paris.

# Montenegro # See Europe/Belgrade.

# Netherlands - -# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, -# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. - -# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): -# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 -# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including -# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time -# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the -# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was -# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. -# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and -# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). -# -# (2001-04-08): -# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to -# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common -# practice of following Amsterdam mean time. -# -# (2001-04-09): -# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the -# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe -# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was -# actually followed. -# -# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to -# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of -# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most -# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically -# adopted Amsterdam mean time. -# -# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety -# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it -# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe -# Amsterdam mean time. - -# The data entries before 1945 are taken from -# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm - -# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time -Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time -Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT -Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT -Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT -Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST -# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week -# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. -Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST -Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - -Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - -# -# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13, but the .13 is omitted -# below because the current format requires STDOFF to be an integer. -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 - 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 - 0:20 Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16 0:00 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 - 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 - 1:00 EU CE%sT +# See Europe/Brussels.

# Norway -# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & -# Pottenger. -# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S -Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - -Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - -Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S -Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - -Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 - 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 - 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 - 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 - 1:00 EU CE%sT +# See Europe/Berlin.

# Svalbard & Jan Mayen

@@ -2243,7 +1997,7 @@ Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. # -# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo +# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Berlin # for these regions.

@@ -3627,58 +3381,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.

# Sweden - -# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: -# -# The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: -# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all -# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at -# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the -# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. -# -# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18° 03' 30" -# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the -# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... -# -# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk -# författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning -# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at -# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English -# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west -# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated -# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time -# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. -# -# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states -# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is -# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... -# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". -# -# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish -# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are -# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available -# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type -# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click -# the Sök-button). -# -# (2001-05-13): -# -# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 -# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show -# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some -# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already -# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another -# hour before the event took place. -# -# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. - -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 - 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time - 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 - 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00 - 1:00 - CET 1980 - 1:00 EU CE%sT +# See Europe/Berlin.

# Switzerland # From Howse: diff --git a/northamerica b/northamerica index b27311a..7edd8ef 100644 --- a/northamerica +++ b/northamerica @@ -1593,24 +1593,7 @@ Zone America/Moncton -4:19:08 - LMT 1883 Dec 9 # From Paul Eggert (2020-01-10): # See America/Toronto for most of Quebec, including Montreal. # See America/Halifax for the Îles de la Madeleine and the Listuguj reserve. -# -# Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63 -# meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as -# Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST. -# The Quebec department of justice writes in -# "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord" -# https://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/en/department/ministre/functions-and-responsa... -# that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon -# observes Atlantic standard time all year round. -# This common practice was codified into law as of 2007; see Legal Time Act, -# CQLR c T-5.1 <http://legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/ShowDoc/cs/T-5.1>. -# For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to -# Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT. - -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 - LMT 1884 - -4:00 Canada A%sT 1970 - -4:00 - AST +# See America/Puerto_Rico for east of Natashquan.

# Ontario

@@ -1649,54 +1632,6 @@ Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 - LMT 1884 # time became a comic failure in Orillia. Toronto Star 2017-07-08. # https://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2017/07/08/bold-attempt-at-daylight-sav...

-# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17): -# Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star -# says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST, -# but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT. -# He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9) -# http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html -# says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT. -# Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report -# concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice. -# -# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): -# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and -# New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes -# CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in -# violation of the official Ontario rules. -# -# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09): -# Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the -# 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said: -# -# The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round. -# This means they spend about half the time on central time and -# the other half on eastern time. -# -# For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said. -# -# "The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern -# Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he -# said. "I don't see any changes happening here." -# -# Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang -# [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice." - -# From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton: -# I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory -# and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he -# can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current -# time keeping since 1952, at least. - -# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17): -# Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River -# ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from -# McKinnon sounds more authoritative. For now, assume that Atikokan -# switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time -# ended. This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour -# entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move -# America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file. - # From Mark Brader (2010-03-06): # # Currently the database has: @@ -1842,11 +1777,7 @@ Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 - LMT 1895 -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29 -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s -6:00 Canada C%sT -Zone America/Atikokan -6:06:28 - LMT 1895 - -6:00 Canada C%sT 1940 Sep 29 - -6:00 1:00 CDT 1942 Feb 9 2:00s - -6:00 Canada C%sT 1945 Sep 30 2:00 - -5:00 - EST +# For Atikokan see America/Panama.

# Manitoba @@ -2037,60 +1968,6 @@ Zone America/Edmonton -7:33:52 - LMT 1906 Sep # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has # been like Vancouver. # Dawson Creek uses MST. Much of east BC is like Edmonton. -# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek. - -# It seems though that (re: Creston) is not entirely correct: - -# From Chris Walton (2011-12-01): -# There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia -# that do not currently observe daylight saving: -# a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area) -# b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District -# (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John) - -# Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time -# keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the -# manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009. -# http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260 -# According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918. -# i.e. Creston has been stuck on UT-7 for 93 years. -# Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972. - -# Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains -# unknown and will be difficult to ascertain. I e-mailed Tammy a few months -# ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess. She said it was just -# as plausible as any other date (in June). She also said that after writing -# the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the -# subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010. -# http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&c... - -# Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history: -# 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7) -# Exact date unknown -# 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8) -# Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess. -# 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7) -# Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess. -# note 1: -# On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada, -# Creston did not change its clocks. -# note 2: -# During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change, -# Creston did not oblige. -# note 3: -# There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time -# (UTC-7) forever. -# The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council. -# http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760... - -# During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada. -# In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying -# summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before -# the change. It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this -# period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough -# (to anyone) to further complicate the rules. - -# The transition dates (and times) are guesses.

# From Matt Johnson (2015-09-21): # Fort Nelson, BC, Canada will cancel DST this year. So while previously they @@ -2144,10 +2021,7 @@ Zone America/Fort_Nelson -8:10:47 - LMT 1884 -8:00 Vanc P%sT 1987 -8:00 Canada P%sT 2015 Mar 8 2:00 -7:00 - MST -Zone America/Creston -7:46:04 - LMT 1884 - -7:00 - MST 1916 Oct 1 - -8:00 - PST 1918 Jun 2 - -7:00 - MST +# For Creston see America/Phoenix.

# Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon

@@ -2929,50 +2803,11 @@ Zone America/Tijuana -7:48:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:11:56

# Anguilla # Antigua and Barbuda -# See America/Port_of_Spain. +# See America/Puerto_Rico.

# The Bahamas -# -# For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that. -# -# From P Chan (2020-11-27, corrected on 2020-12-02): -# There were two periods of DST observed in 1942-1945: 1942-05-01 -# midnight to 1944-12-31 midnight and 1945-02-01 to 1945-10-17 midnight. -# "midnight" should mean 24:00 from the context. -# -# War Time Order 1942 [1942-05-01] and War Time (No. 2) Order 1942 [1942-09-29] -# Appendix to the Statutes of 7 George VI. and the Year 1942. p 34, 43 -# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA34 -# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA43 -# -# War Time Order 1943 [1943-03-31] and War Time Order 1944 [1943-12-29] -# Appendix to the Statutes of 8 George VI. and the Year 1943. p 9-10, 28-29 -# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA9 -# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA28 -# -# War Time Order 1945 [1945-01-31] and the Order which revoke War Time Order -# 1945 [1945-10-16] Appendix to the Statutes of 9 George VI. and the Year -# 1945. p 160, 247-248 -# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA160 -# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA247 -# -# From Sue Williams (2006-12-07): -# The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST -# rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007.... -# http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412 +# See America/Montreal.

-# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Bahamas 1942 only - May 1 24:00 1:00 W -Rule Bahamas 1944 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 S -Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Feb 1 0:00 1:00 W -Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Aug 14 23:00u 1:00 P # Peace -Rule Bahamas 1945 only - Oct 17 24:00 0 S -Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S -Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone America/Nassau -5:09:30 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 - -5:00 Bahamas E%sT 1976 - -5:00 US E%sT

# Barbados

@@ -3185,7 +3020,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:18 - LMT 1890 # Hamilton -4:00 US A%sT

# Caribbean Netherlands -# See America/Curacao. +# See America/Puerto_Rico.

# Cayman Is # See America/Panama. @@ -3415,7 +3250,7 @@ Zone America/Havana -5:29:28 - LMT 1890 -5:00 Cuba C%sT

# Dominica -# See America/Port_of_Spain. +# See America/Puerto_Rico.

# Dominican Republic

@@ -3467,7 +3302,7 @@ Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 - LMT 1921 # San Salvador # Guadeloupe # St Barthélemy # St Martin (French part) -# See America/Port_of_Spain. +# See America/Puerto_Rico.

# Guatemala # @@ -3654,7 +3489,7 @@ Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 - LMT 1890 # Fort-de-France -4:00 - AST

# Montserrat -# See America/Port_of_Spain. +# See America/Puerto_Rico.

# Nicaragua # @@ -3737,7 +3572,7 @@ Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 - LMT 1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan

# St Kitts-Nevis # St Lucia -# See America/Port_of_Spain. +# See America/Puerto_Rico.

# St Pierre and Miquelon # There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'. @@ -3748,10 +3583,10 @@ Zone America/Miquelon -3:44:40 - LMT 1911 May 15 # St Pierre -3:00 Canada -03/-02

# St Vincent and the Grenadines -# See America/Port_of_Spain. +# See America/Puerto_Rico.

# Sint Maarten -# See America/Curacao. +# See America/Puerto_Rico.

# Turks and Caicos # @@ -3823,7 +3658,7 @@ Zone America/Grand_Turk -4:44:32 - LMT 1890

# British Virgin Is # US Virgin Is -# See America/Port_of_Spain. +# See America/Puerto_Rico.

# Local Variables: diff --git a/southamerica b/southamerica index eb987c5..7bc3e70 100644 --- a/southamerica +++ b/southamerica @@ -574,14 +574,11 @@ Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT 1894 Oct 31 -3:00 - -03

# Aruba -# See America/Curacao. +# See America/Puerto_Rico.

# Bolivia -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890 - -4:32:36 - CMT 1931 Oct 15 # Calamarca MT - -4:32:36 1:00 BST 1932 Mar 21 # Bolivia ST - -4:00 - -04 +# See Etc/GMT+4. +

# Brazil

@@ -1369,33 +1366,12 @@ Zone America/Bogota -4:56:16 - LMT 1884 Mar 13 # no information; probably like America/Bogota

# Curaçao - -# Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curaçao mean time; round to nearest. +# See America/Puerto_Rico. # -# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): -# Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at -# -4:00 since standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that -# Kralendijk and Rincon used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from -# 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01. The former is dubious, since S&P also say -# Saba Island has been like Curaçao. -# This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though. -# -# By July 2007 Curaçao and St Maarten are planned to become -# associated states within the Netherlands, much like Aruba; -# Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius would become directly part of the -# Netherlands as Kingdom Islands. This won't affect their time zones -# though, as far as we know. -# -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone America/Curacao -4:35:47 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad - -4:30 - -0430 1965 - -4:00 - AST - # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): # use links for places with new iso3166 codes. # The name "Lower Prince's Quarter" is both longer than fourteen characters -# and contains an apostrophe; use "Lower_Princes" below. - +# and contains an apostrophe; use "Lower_Princes".... # From Paul Eggert (2021-05-06): # These backward-compatibility links now are in the 'backward' file.

@@ -1534,10 +1510,8 @@ Zone Atlantic/Stanley -3:51:24 - LMT 1890 -3:00 - -03

# French Guiana -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone America/Cayenne -3:29:20 - LMT 1911 Jul - -4:00 - -04 1967 Oct - -3:00 - -03 +# See Etc/GMT+3. +

# Guyana

@@ -1698,9 +1672,7 @@ Zone America/Lima -5:08:12 - LMT 1890 -5:00 Peru -05/-04

# South Georgia -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 - LMT 1890 # Grytviken - -2:00 - -02 +# See Etc/GMT+2.

# South Sandwich Is # uninhabited; scientific personnel have wintered @@ -1714,9 +1686,7 @@ Zone America/Paramaribo -3:40:40 - LMT 1911 -3:00 - -03

# Trinidad and Tobago -# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 - -4:00 - AST +# See America/Puerto_Rico.

# Uruguay # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): diff --git a/theory.html b/theory.html index 80942e6..47a7b2d 100644 --- a/theory.html +++ b/theory.html @@ -192,8 +192,8 @@ in decreasing order of importance: <code>TZ</code> strings</a>. A file name component must not exceed 14 characters or start with '<code>-</code>'. - E.g., prefer <code>Asia/Brunei</code> to - <code>Asia/Bandar_Seri_Begawan</code>. + E.g., prefer <code>America/Noronha</code> to + <code>America/Fernando_de_Noronha</code>. Exceptions: see the discussion of legacy names below. </li> <li> @@ -475,10 +475,10 @@ in decreasing order of importance:

<p> <small>These abbreviations are: - AMT Amsterdam, Asunción, Athens; - BMT Baghdad, Bangkok, Batavia, Bermuda, Bern, Bogotá, Bridgetown, + AMT Asunción, Athens; + BMT Baghdad, Batavia, Bermuda, Bern, Bogotá, Bridgetown, Brussels, Bucharest; - CMT Calamarca, Caracas, Chisinau, Colón, Copenhagen, Córdoba; + CMT Calamarca, Caracas, Chisinau, Colón, Córdoba; DMT Dublin/Dunsink; EMT Easter; FFMT Fort-de-France; @@ -493,7 +493,6 @@ in decreasing order of importance: Moratuwa, Moscow; PLMT Phù Liễn; PMT Paramaribo, Paris, Perm, Pontianak, Prague; - PMMT Port Moresby; QMT Quito; RMT Rangoon, Riga, Rome; SDMT Santo Domingo; @@ -516,9 +515,7 @@ in decreasing order of importance: 1880–1916, MMT/MST/MDST for Moscow 1880–1919, and RMT/LST for Riga Mean Time and Latvian Summer time 1880–1926. - An extra-special case is SET for Swedish Time (<em>svensk - normaltid</em>) 1879–1899, 3° west of the Stockholm - Observatory.</small> + </small> </p> </li> <li> @@ -705,11 +702,9 @@ href="https://www.dissentmagazine.org/blog/booked-a-global-history-of-time-vanes <li> Sometimes historical timekeeping was specified more precisely than what the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> code can handle. - For example, from 1909 to 1937 <a - href="https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm" - hreflang="nl">Netherlands clocks</a> were legally Amsterdam Mean + For example, from 1880 to 1916 clocks in Ireland observed Dublin Mean Time (estimated to be <abbr>UT</abbr> - +00:19:32.13), but the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> + −00:25:21.1), but the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> code cannot represent the fractional second. In practice these old specifications were rarely if ever implemented to subsecond precision. @@ -759,7 +754,7 @@ href="https://www.dissentmagazine.org/blog/booked-a-global-history-of-time-vanes such as that required by POSIX. If <abbr>DST</abbr> is not used a different time zone can often do the trick; for example, in Kenya a <code>TZ</code> setting - like <code><-03>3</code> or <code>America/Cayenne</code> starts + like <code><-03>3</code> starts the day six hours later than <code>Africa/Nairobi</code> does. </li> <li> @@ -1240,11 +1235,11 @@ based on guesswork and these guesses may be corrected or improved.

<p> Timezone boundaries are not part of the stable interface. -For example, even though the <samp>Asia/Bangkok</samp> timezone -currently includes Chang Mai, Hanoi, and Phnom Penh, this is not part +For example, even though the <samp>Asia/Singapore</samp> timezone +currently includes peninsular Malaysia as well as Singapore, this is not part of the stable interface and the timezone can split at any time. If a calendar application records a future event in some location other -than Bangkok by putting "<samp>Asia/Bangkok</samp>" in the event's record, +than Singapore by putting "<samp>Asia/Singapore</samp>" in the event's record, the application should be robust in the presence of timezone splits between now and the future time. </p> diff --git a/zone.tab b/zone.tab index 291e4f3..4954ae3 100644 --- a/zone.tab +++ b/zone.tab @@ -27,23 +27,23 @@ #country- #code coordinates TZ comments AD +4230+00131 Europe/Andorra -AE +2518+05518 Asia/Dubai +AE +2518+05518 Etc/GMT-4 AF +3431+06912 Asia/Kabul -AG +1703-06148 America/Port_of_Spain -AI +1812-06304 America/Port_of_Spain +AG +1703-06148 America/Puerto_Rico +AI +1812-06304 America/Puerto_Rico AL +4120+01950 Europe/Tirane AM +4011+04430 Asia/Yerevan AO -0848+01314 Africa/Lagos AQ -7750+16636 Pacific/Auckland New Zealand time - McMurdo, South Pole AQ -6617+11031 Antarctica/Casey Casey AQ -6835+07758 Antarctica/Davis Davis -AQ -6640+14001 Antarctica/DumontDUrville Dumont-d'Urville +AQ -6640+14001 Etc/GMT-10 Dumont-d'Urville AQ -6736+06253 Antarctica/Mawson Mawson AQ -6448-06406 Antarctica/Palmer Palmer AQ -6734-06808 Antarctica/Rothera Rothera -AQ -690022+0393524 Antarctica/Syowa Syowa +AQ -690022+0393524 Etc/GMT-3 Syowa AQ -720041+0023206 Antarctica/Troll Troll -AQ -7824+10654 Antarctica/Vostok Vostok +AQ -7824+10654 Etc/GMT-6 Vostok AR -3436-05827 America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires Buenos Aires (BA, CF) AR -3124-06411 America/Argentina/Cordoba Argentina (most areas: CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF) AR -2447-06525 America/Argentina/Salta Salta (SA, LP, NQ, RN) @@ -70,23 +70,23 @@ AU -3455+13835 Australia/Adelaide South Australia AU -1228+13050 Australia/Darwin Northern Territory AU -3157+11551 Australia/Perth Western Australia (most areas) AU -3143+12852 Australia/Eucla Western Australia (Eucla) -AW +1230-06958 America/Curacao +AW +1230-06958 America/Puerto_Rico AX +6006+01957 Europe/Helsinki AZ +4023+04951 Asia/Baku BA +4352+01825 Europe/Belgrade BB +1306-05937 America/Barbados BD +2343+09025 Asia/Dhaka BE +5050+00420 Europe/Brussels -BF +1222-00131 Africa/Abidjan +BF +1222-00131 Etc/GMT BG +4241+02319 Europe/Sofia BH +2623+05035 Asia/Qatar BI -0323+02922 Africa/Maputo BJ +0629+00237 Africa/Lagos -BL +1753-06251 America/Port_of_Spain +BL +1753-06251 America/Puerto_Rico BM +3217-06446 Atlantic/Bermuda -BN +0456+11455 Asia/Brunei -BO -1630-06809 America/La_Paz -BQ +120903-0681636 America/Curacao +BN +0456+11455 Etc/GMT-8 +BO -1630-06809 Etc/GMT+4 +BQ +120903-0681636 America/Puerto_Rico BR -0351-03225 America/Noronha Atlantic islands BR -0127-04829 America/Belem Para (east); Amapa BR -0343-03830 America/Fortaleza Brazil (northeast: MA, PI, CE, RN, PB) @@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ BR +0249-06040 America/Boa_Vista Roraima BR -0308-06001 America/Manaus Amazonas (east) BR -0640-06952 America/Eirunepe Amazonas (west) BR -0958-06748 America/Rio_Branco Acre -BS +2505-07721 America/Nassau +BS +2505-07721 America/Toronto BT +2728+08939 Asia/Thimphu BW -2439+02555 Africa/Maputo BY +5354+02734 Europe/Minsk @@ -113,13 +113,13 @@ CA +4439-06336 America/Halifax Atlantic - NS (most areas); PE CA +4612-05957 America/Glace_Bay Atlantic - NS (Cape Breton) CA +4606-06447 America/Moncton Atlantic - New Brunswick CA +5320-06025 America/Goose_Bay Atlantic - Labrador (most areas) -CA +5125-05707 America/Blanc-Sablon AST - QC (Lower North Shore) +CA +5125-05707 America/Puerto_Rico AST - QC (Lower North Shore) CA +4339-07923 America/Toronto Eastern - ON, QC (most areas) CA +4901-08816 America/Nipigon Eastern - ON, QC (no DST 1967-73) CA +4823-08915 America/Thunder_Bay Eastern - ON (Thunder Bay) CA +6344-06828 America/Iqaluit Eastern - NU (most east areas) CA +6608-06544 America/Pangnirtung Eastern - NU (Pangnirtung) -CA +484531-0913718 America/Atikokan EST - ON (Atikokan); NU (Coral H) +CA +484531-0913718 America/Panama EST - ON (Atikokan); NU (Coral H) CA +4953-09709 America/Winnipeg Central - ON (west); Manitoba CA +4843-09434 America/Rainy_River Central - ON (Rainy R, Ft Frances) CA +744144-0944945 America/Resolute Central - NU (Resolute) @@ -130,40 +130,40 @@ CA +5333-11328 America/Edmonton Mountain - AB; BC (E); SK (W) CA +690650-1050310 America/Cambridge_Bay Mountain - NU (west) CA +6227-11421 America/Yellowknife Mountain - NT (central) CA +682059-1334300 America/Inuvik Mountain - NT (west) -CA +4906-11631 America/Creston MST - BC (Creston) +CA +4906-11631 America/Phoenix MST - BC (Creston) CA +5946-12014 America/Dawson_Creek MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John) CA +5848-12242 America/Fort_Nelson MST - BC (Ft Nelson) CA +6043-13503 America/Whitehorse MST - Yukon (east) CA +6404-13925 America/Dawson MST - Yukon (west) CA +4916-12307 America/Vancouver Pacific - BC (most areas) -CC -1210+09655 Indian/Cocos +CC -1210+09655 Asia/Yangon CD -0418+01518 Africa/Lagos Dem. Rep. of Congo (west) CD -1140+02728 Africa/Maputo Dem. Rep. of Congo (east) CF +0422+01835 Africa/Lagos CG -0416+01517 Africa/Lagos CH +4723+00832 Europe/Zurich -CI +0519-00402 Africa/Abidjan +CI +0519-00402 Etc/GMT CK -2114-15946 Pacific/Rarotonga CL -3327-07040 America/Santiago Chile (most areas) CL -5309-07055 America/Punta_Arenas Region of Magallanes CL -2709-10926 Pacific/Easter Easter Island CM +0403+00942 Africa/Lagos CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai Beijing Time -CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Xinjiang Time +CN +4348+08735 Etc/GMT-6 Xinjiang Time CO +0436-07405 America/Bogota CR +0956-08405 America/Costa_Rica CU +2308-08222 America/Havana CV +1455-02331 Atlantic/Cape_Verde -CW +1211-06900 America/Curacao -CX -1025+10543 Indian/Christmas +CW +1211-06900 America/Puerto_Rico +CX -1025+10543 Etc/GMT-7 CY +3510+03322 Asia/Nicosia Cyprus (most areas) CY +3507+03357 Asia/Famagusta Northern Cyprus CZ +5005+01426 Europe/Prague DE +5230+01322 Europe/Berlin Germany (most areas) DE +4742+00841 Europe/Zurich Swiss time DJ +1136+04309 Africa/Nairobi -DK +5540+01235 Europe/Copenhagen -DM +1518-06124 America/Port_of_Spain +DK +5540+01235 Europe/Berlin +DM +1518-06124 America/Puerto_Rico DO +1828-06954 America/Santo_Domingo DZ +3647+00303 Africa/Algiers EC -0210-07950 America/Guayaquil Ecuador (mainland) @@ -179,29 +179,29 @@ ET +0902+03842 Africa/Nairobi FI +6010+02458 Europe/Helsinki FJ -1808+17825 Pacific/Fiji FK -5142-05751 Atlantic/Stanley -FM +0725+15147 Pacific/Chuuk Chuuk/Truk, Yap -FM +0658+15813 Pacific/Pohnpei Pohnpei/Ponape +FM +0725+15147 Etc/GMT-10 Chuuk/Truk, Yap +FM +0658+15813 Etc/GMT-11 Pohnpei/Ponape FM +0519+16259 Pacific/Kosrae Kosrae FO +6201-00646 Atlantic/Faroe FR +4852+00220 Europe/Paris GA +0023+00927 Africa/Lagos GB +513030-0000731 Europe/London -GD +1203-06145 America/Port_of_Spain +GD +1203-06145 America/Puerto_Rico GE +4143+04449 Asia/Tbilisi -GF +0456-05220 America/Cayenne +GF +0456-05220 Etc/GMT+3 GG +492717-0023210 Europe/London -GH +0533-00013 Africa/Accra +GH +0533-00013 Etc/GMT GI +3608-00521 Europe/Gibraltar GL +6411-05144 America/Nuuk Greenland (most areas) GL +7646-01840 America/Danmarkshavn National Park (east coast) GL +7029-02158 America/Scoresbysund Scoresbysund/Ittoqqortoormiit GL +7634-06847 America/Thule Thule/Pituffik -GM +1328-01639 Africa/Abidjan -GN +0931-01343 Africa/Abidjan -GP +1614-06132 America/Port_of_Spain +GM +1328-01639 Etc/GMT +GN +0931-01343 Etc/GMT +GP +1614-06132 America/Puerto_Rico GQ +0345+00847 Africa/Lagos GR +3758+02343 Europe/Athens -GS -5416-03632 Atlantic/South_Georgia +GS -5416-03632 Etc/GMT+2 GT +1438-09031 America/Guatemala GU +1328+14445 Pacific/Guam GW +1151-01535 Africa/Bissau @@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ IN +2232+08822 Asia/Kolkata IO -0720+07225 Indian/Chagos IQ +3321+04425 Asia/Baghdad IR +3540+05126 Asia/Tehran -IS +6409-02151 Atlantic/Reykjavik +IS +6409-02151 Etc/GMT IT +4154+01229 Europe/Rome JE +491101-0020624 Europe/London JM +175805-0764736 America/Jamaica @@ -230,15 +230,15 @@ JO +3157+03556 Asia/Amman JP +353916+1394441 Asia/Tokyo KE -0117+03649 Africa/Nairobi KG +4254+07436 Asia/Bishkek -KH +1133+10455 Asia/Bangkok -KI +0125+17300 Pacific/Tarawa Gilbert Islands +KH +1133+10455 Etc/GMT-7 +KI +0125+17300 Etc/GMT-12 Gilbert Islands KI -0308-17105 Pacific/Enderbury Phoenix Islands KI +0152-15720 Pacific/Kiritimati Line Islands KM -1141+04316 Africa/Nairobi -KN +1718-06243 America/Port_of_Spain +KN +1718-06243 America/Puerto_Rico KP +3901+12545 Asia/Pyongyang KR +3733+12658 Asia/Seoul -KW +2920+04759 Asia/Riyadh +KW +2920+04759 Etc/GMT-3 KY +1918-08123 America/Panama KZ +4315+07657 Asia/Almaty Kazakhstan (most areas) KZ +4448+06528 Asia/Qyzylorda Qyzylorda/Kyzylorda/Kzyl-Orda @@ -247,27 +247,27 @@ KZ +5017+05710 Asia/Aqtobe Aqtobe/Aktobe KZ +4431+05016 Asia/Aqtau Mangghystau/Mankistau KZ +4707+05156 Asia/Atyrau Atyrau/Atirau/Gur'yev KZ +5113+05121 Asia/Oral West Kazakhstan -LA +1758+10236 Asia/Bangkok +LA +1758+10236 Etc/GMT-7 LB +3353+03530 Asia/Beirut -LC +1401-06100 America/Port_of_Spain +LC +1401-06100 America/Puerto_Rico LI +4709+00931 Europe/Zurich LK +0656+07951 Asia/Colombo LR +0618-01047 Africa/Monrovia LS -2928+02730 Africa/Johannesburg LT +5441+02519 Europe/Vilnius -LU +4936+00609 Europe/Luxembourg +LU +4936+00609 Europe/Brussels LV +5657+02406 Europe/Riga LY +3254+01311 Africa/Tripoli MA +3339-00735 Africa/Casablanca -MC +4342+00723 Europe/Monaco +MC +4342+00723 Europe/Paris MD +4700+02850 Europe/Chisinau ME +4226+01916 Europe/Belgrade -MF +1804-06305 America/Port_of_Spain +MF +1804-06305 America/Puerto_Rico MG -1855+04731 Africa/Nairobi -MH +0709+17112 Pacific/Majuro Marshall Islands (most areas) +MH +0709+17112 Etc/GMT-12 Marshall Islands (most areas) MH +0905+16720 Pacific/Kwajalein Kwajalein MK +4159+02126 Europe/Belgrade -ML +1239-00800 Africa/Abidjan +ML +1239-00800 Etc/GMT MM +1647+09610 Asia/Yangon MN +4755+10653 Asia/Ulaanbaatar Mongolia (most areas) MN +4801+09139 Asia/Hovd Bayan-Olgiy, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan @@ -275,11 +275,11 @@ MN +4804+11430 Asia/Choibalsan Dornod, Sukhbaatar MO +221150+1133230 Asia/Macau MP +1512+14545 Pacific/Guam MQ +1436-06105 America/Martinique -MR +1806-01557 Africa/Abidjan -MS +1643-06213 America/Port_of_Spain +MR +1806-01557 Etc/GMT +MS +1643-06213 America/Puerto_Rico MT +3554+01431 Europe/Malta MU -2010+05730 Indian/Mauritius -MV +0410+07330 Indian/Maldives +MV +0410+07330 Etc/GMT-5 MW -1547+03500 Africa/Maputo MX +1924-09909 America/Mexico_City Central Time MX +2105-08646 America/Cancun Eastern Standard Time - Quintana Roo @@ -292,8 +292,8 @@ MX +2934-10425 America/Ojinaga Mountain Time US - Chihuahua (US border) MX +2904-11058 America/Hermosillo Mountain Standard Time - Sonora MX +3232-11701 America/Tijuana Pacific Time US - Baja California MX +2048-10515 America/Bahia_Banderas Central Time - Bahia de Banderas -MY +0310+10142 Asia/Kuala_Lumpur Malaysia (peninsula) -MY +0133+11020 Asia/Kuching Sabah, Sarawak +MY +0310+10142 Asia/Singapore Malaysia (peninsula) +MY +0133+11020 Etc/GMT-8 Sabah, Sarawak MZ -2558+03235 Africa/Maputo NA -2234+01706 Africa/Windhoek NC -2216+16627 Pacific/Noumea @@ -301,20 +301,20 @@ NE +1331+00207 Africa/Lagos NF -2903+16758 Pacific/Norfolk NG +0627+00324 Africa/Lagos NI +1209-08617 America/Managua -NL +5222+00454 Europe/Amsterdam -NO +5955+01045 Europe/Oslo +NL +5222+00454 Europe/Brussels +NO +5955+01045 Europe/Berlin NP +2743+08519 Asia/Kathmandu NR -0031+16655 Pacific/Nauru NU -1901-16955 Pacific/Niue NZ -3652+17446 Pacific/Auckland New Zealand (most areas) NZ -4357-17633 Pacific/Chatham Chatham Islands -OM +2336+05835 Asia/Dubai +OM +2336+05835 Etc/GMT-4 PA +0858-07932 America/Panama PE -1203-07703 America/Lima -PF -1732-14934 Pacific/Tahiti Society Islands +PF -1732-14934 Etc/GMT+10 Society Islands PF -0900-13930 Pacific/Marquesas Marquesas Islands -PF -2308-13457 Pacific/Gambier Gambier Islands -PG -0930+14710 Pacific/Port_Moresby Papua New Guinea (most areas) +PF -2308-13457 Etc/GMT+9 Gambier Islands +PG -0930+14710 Etc/GMT-10 Papua New Guinea (most areas) PG -0613+15534 Pacific/Bougainville Bougainville PH +1435+12100 Asia/Manila PK +2452+06703 Asia/Karachi @@ -327,10 +327,10 @@ PS +313200+0350542 Asia/Hebron West Bank PT +3843-00908 Europe/Lisbon Portugal (mainland) PT +3238-01654 Atlantic/Madeira Madeira Islands PT +3744-02540 Atlantic/Azores Azores -PW +0720+13429 Pacific/Palau +PW +0720+13429 Etc/GMT-9 PY -2516-05740 America/Asuncion QA +2517+05132 Asia/Qatar -RE -2052+05528 Indian/Reunion +RE -2052+05528 Etc/GMT-4 RO +4426+02606 Europe/Bucharest RS +4450+02030 Europe/Belgrade RU +5443+02030 Europe/Kaliningrad MSK-01 - Kaliningrad @@ -364,32 +364,32 @@ RU +6728+15343 Asia/Srednekolymsk MSK+08 - Sakha (E); North Kuril Is RU +5301+15839 Asia/Kamchatka MSK+09 - Kamchatka RU +6445+17729 Asia/Anadyr MSK+09 - Bering Sea RW -0157+03004 Africa/Maputo -SA +2438+04643 Asia/Riyadh -SB -0932+16012 Pacific/Guadalcanal -SC -0440+05528 Indian/Mahe +SA +2438+04643 Etc/GMT-3 +SB -0932+16012 Etc/GMT-11 +SC -0440+05528 Etc/GMT-4 SD +1536+03232 Africa/Khartoum -SE +5920+01803 Europe/Stockholm +SE +5920+01803 Europe/Berlin SG +0117+10351 Asia/Singapore -SH -1555-00542 Africa/Abidjan +SH -1555-00542 Etc/GMT SI +4603+01431 Europe/Belgrade -SJ +7800+01600 Europe/Oslo +SJ +7800+01600 Europe/Berlin SK +4809+01707 Europe/Prague -SL +0830-01315 Africa/Abidjan +SL +0830-01315 Etc/GMT SM +4355+01228 Europe/Rome -SN +1440-01726 Africa/Abidjan +SN +1440-01726 Etc/GMT SO +0204+04522 Africa/Nairobi SR +0550-05510 America/Paramaribo SS +0451+03137 Africa/Juba ST +0020+00644 Africa/Sao_Tome SV +1342-08912 America/El_Salvador -SX +180305-0630250 America/Curacao +SX +180305-0630250 America/Puerto_Rico SY +3330+03618 Asia/Damascus SZ -2618+03106 Africa/Johannesburg TC +2128-07108 America/Grand_Turk TD +1207+01503 Africa/Ndjamena -TF -492110+0701303 Indian/Kerguelen -TG +0608+00113 Africa/Abidjan -TH +1345+10031 Asia/Bangkok +TF -492110+0701303 Etc/GMT-5 +TG +0608+00113 Etc/GMT +TH +1345+10031 Etc/GMT-7 TJ +3835+06848 Asia/Dushanbe TK -0922-17114 Pacific/Fakaofo TL -0833+12535 Asia/Dili @@ -397,8 +397,8 @@ TM +3757+05823 Asia/Ashgabat TN +3648+01011 Africa/Tunis TO -210800-1751200 Pacific/Tongatapu TR +4101+02858 Europe/Istanbul -TT +1039-06131 America/Port_of_Spain -TV -0831+17913 Pacific/Funafuti +TT +1039-06131 America/Puerto_Rico +TV -0831+17913 Etc/GMT-12 TW +2503+12130 Asia/Taipei TZ -0648+03917 Africa/Nairobi UA +5026+03031 Europe/Kiev Ukraine (most areas) @@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ UA +4837+02218 Europe/Uzhgorod Transcarpathia UA +4750+03510 Europe/Zaporozhye Zaporozhye and east Lugansk UG +0019+03225 Africa/Nairobi UM +2813-17722 Pacific/Pago_Pago Midway Islands -UM +1917+16637 Pacific/Wake Wake Island +UM +1917+16637 Etc/GMT-12 Wake Island US +404251-0740023 America/New_York Eastern (most areas) US +421953-0830245 America/Detroit Eastern - MI (most areas) US +381515-0854534 America/Kentucky/Louisville Eastern - KY (Louisville area) @@ -440,16 +440,16 @@ UY -345433-0561245 America/Montevideo UZ +3940+06648 Asia/Samarkand Uzbekistan (west) UZ +4120+06918 Asia/Tashkent Uzbekistan (east) VA +415408+0122711 Europe/Rome -VC +1309-06114 America/Port_of_Spain +VC +1309-06114 America/Puerto_Rico VE +1030-06656 America/Caracas -VG +1827-06437 America/Port_of_Spain -VI +1821-06456 America/Port_of_Spain -VN +2102+10551 Asia/Bangkok Vietnam (north) +VG +1827-06437 America/Puerto_Rico +VI +1821-06456 America/Puerto_Rico +VN +2102+10551 Etc/GMT-7 Vietnam (north) VN +1045+10640 Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh Vietnam (south) VU -1740+16825 Pacific/Efate -WF -1318-17610 Pacific/Wallis +WF -1318-17610 Etc/GMT-12 WS -1350-17144 Pacific/Apia -YE +1245+04512 Asia/Riyadh +YE +1245+04512 Etc/GMT-3 YT -1247+04514 Africa/Nairobi ZA -2615+02800 Africa/Johannesburg ZM -1525+02817 Africa/Maputo diff --git a/zone1970.tab b/zone1970.tab index ddb2321..8cadd48 100644 --- a/zone1970.tab +++ b/zone1970.tab @@ -34,19 +34,18 @@ #country- #codes coordinates TZ comments AD +4230+00131 Europe/Andorra -AE,OM +2518+05518 Asia/Dubai +AE,OM,RE,SC,TF +2518+05518 Etc/GMT-4 UAE, Oman, Réunion, Seychelles, Crozet, Scattered Is AF +3431+06912 Asia/Kabul AL +4120+01950 Europe/Tirane AM +4011+04430 Asia/Yerevan AQ -6617+11031 Antarctica/Casey Casey AQ -6835+07758 Antarctica/Davis Davis -AQ -6640+14001 Antarctica/DumontDUrville Dumont-d'Urville AQ -6736+06253 Antarctica/Mawson Mawson AQ -6448-06406 Antarctica/Palmer Palmer AQ -6734-06808 Antarctica/Rothera Rothera -AQ -690022+0393524 Antarctica/Syowa Syowa AQ -720041+0023206 Antarctica/Troll Troll -AQ -7824+10654 Antarctica/Vostok Vostok +AQ,KW,SA,YE +2438+04643 Etc/GMT-3 Arabia, Syowa +AQ,FM,PG -0930+14710 Etc/GMT-10 Papua New Guinea (most areas), Chuuk, Yap, Dumont d'Urville AR -3436-05827 America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires Buenos Aires (BA, CF) AR -3124-06411 America/Argentina/Cordoba Argentina (most areas: CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF) AR -2447-06525 America/Argentina/Salta Salta (SA, LP, NQ, RN) @@ -76,11 +75,12 @@ AU -3143+12852 Australia/Eucla Western Australia (Eucla) AZ +4023+04951 Asia/Baku BB +1306-05937 America/Barbados BD +2343+09025 Asia/Dhaka -BE +5050+00420 Europe/Brussels +BE,LU,NL +5050+00420 Europe/Brussels +BF,CI,GH,GM,GN,IS,ML,MR,SH,SL,SN,TG +0519-00402 Etc/GMT BG +4241+02319 Europe/Sofia BM +3217-06446 Atlantic/Bermuda -BN +0456+11455 Asia/Brunei -BO -1630-06809 America/La_Paz +BN,MY +0133+11020 Etc/GMT-8 Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei +BO -1630-06809 Etc/GMT+4 BR -0351-03225 America/Noronha Atlantic islands BR -0127-04829 America/Belem Pará (east); Amapá BR -0343-03830 America/Fortaleza Brazil (northeast: MA, PI, CE, RN, PB) @@ -97,7 +97,6 @@ BR +0249-06040 America/Boa_Vista Roraima BR -0308-06001 America/Manaus Amazonas (east) BR -0640-06952 America/Eirunepe Amazonas (west) BR -0958-06748 America/Rio_Branco Acre -BS +2505-07721 America/Nassau BT +2728+08939 Asia/Thimphu BY +5354+02734 Europe/Minsk BZ +1730-08812 America/Belize @@ -106,13 +105,11 @@ CA +4439-06336 America/Halifax Atlantic - NS (most areas); PE CA +4612-05957 America/Glace_Bay Atlantic - NS (Cape Breton) CA +4606-06447 America/Moncton Atlantic - New Brunswick CA +5320-06025 America/Goose_Bay Atlantic - Labrador (most areas) -CA +5125-05707 America/Blanc-Sablon AST - QC (Lower North Shore) -CA +4339-07923 America/Toronto Eastern - ON, QC (most areas) +CA,BS +4339-07923 America/Toronto Eastern - ON, QC (most areas), Bahamas CA +4901-08816 America/Nipigon Eastern - ON, QC (no DST 1967-73) CA +4823-08915 America/Thunder_Bay Eastern - ON (Thunder Bay) CA +6344-06828 America/Iqaluit Eastern - NU (most east areas) CA +6608-06544 America/Pangnirtung Eastern - NU (Pangnirtung) -CA +484531-0913718 America/Atikokan EST - ON (Atikokan); NU (Coral H) CA +4953-09709 America/Winnipeg Central - ON (west); Manitoba CA +4843-09434 America/Rainy_River Central - ON (Rainy R, Ft Frances) CA +744144-0944945 America/Resolute Central - NU (Resolute) @@ -123,32 +120,27 @@ CA +5333-11328 America/Edmonton Mountain - AB; BC (E); SK (W) CA +690650-1050310 America/Cambridge_Bay Mountain - NU (west) CA +6227-11421 America/Yellowknife Mountain - NT (central) CA +682059-1334300 America/Inuvik Mountain - NT (west) -CA +4906-11631 America/Creston MST - BC (Creston) CA +5946-12014 America/Dawson_Creek MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John) CA +5848-12242 America/Fort_Nelson MST - BC (Ft Nelson) CA +6043-13503 America/Whitehorse MST - Yukon (east) CA +6404-13925 America/Dawson MST - Yukon (west) CA +4916-12307 America/Vancouver Pacific - BC (most areas) -CC -1210+09655 Indian/Cocos CH,DE,LI +4723+00832 Europe/Zurich Swiss time -CI,BF,GM,GN,ML,MR,SH,SL,SN,TG +0519-00402 Africa/Abidjan CK -2114-15946 Pacific/Rarotonga CL -3327-07040 America/Santiago Chile (most areas) CL -5309-07055 America/Punta_Arenas Region of Magallanes CL -2709-10926 Pacific/Easter Easter Island CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai Beijing Time -CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Xinjiang Time +CN,AQ +4348+08735 Etc/GMT-6 Xinjiang Time, Vostok CO +0436-07405 America/Bogota CR +0956-08405 America/Costa_Rica CU +2308-08222 America/Havana CV +1455-02331 Atlantic/Cape_Verde -CW,AW,BQ,SX +1211-06900 America/Curacao -CX -1025+10543 Indian/Christmas +CX,KH,LA,TH,VN +1345+10031 Etc/GMT-7 Indochina (most areas) CY +3510+03322 Asia/Nicosia Cyprus (most areas) CY +3507+03357 Asia/Famagusta Northern Cyprus CZ,SK +5005+01426 Europe/Prague -DE +5230+01322 Europe/Berlin Germany (most areas) -DK +5540+01235 Europe/Copenhagen +DE,DK,NO,SE,SJ +5230+01322 Europe/Berlin Germany (most areas), Scandinavia DO +1828-06954 America/Santo_Domingo DZ +3647+00303 Africa/Algiers EC -0210-07950 America/Guayaquil Ecuador (mainland) @@ -162,22 +154,19 @@ ES +2806-01524 Atlantic/Canary Canary Islands FI,AX +6010+02458 Europe/Helsinki FJ -1808+17825 Pacific/Fiji FK -5142-05751 Atlantic/Stanley -FM +0725+15147 Pacific/Chuuk Chuuk/Truk, Yap -FM +0658+15813 Pacific/Pohnpei Pohnpei/Ponape FM +0519+16259 Pacific/Kosrae Kosrae FO +6201-00646 Atlantic/Faroe -FR +4852+00220 Europe/Paris +FR,MC +4852+00220 Europe/Paris GB,GG,IM,JE +513030-0000731 Europe/London GE +4143+04449 Asia/Tbilisi -GF +0456-05220 America/Cayenne -GH +0533-00013 Africa/Accra +GF +0456-05220 Etc/GMT+3 GI +3608-00521 Europe/Gibraltar GL +6411-05144 America/Nuuk Greenland (most areas) GL +7646-01840 America/Danmarkshavn National Park (east coast) GL +7029-02158 America/Scoresbysund Scoresbysund/Ittoqqortoormiit GL +7634-06847 America/Thule Thule/Pituffik GR +3758+02343 Europe/Athens -GS -5416-03632 Atlantic/South_Georgia +GS -5416-03632 Etc/GMT+2 GT +1438-09031 America/Guatemala GU,MP +1328+14445 Pacific/Guam GW +1151-01535 Africa/Bissau @@ -196,16 +185,15 @@ IN +2232+08822 Asia/Kolkata IO -0720+07225 Indian/Chagos IQ +3321+04425 Asia/Baghdad IR +3540+05126 Asia/Tehran -IS +6409-02151 Atlantic/Reykjavik IT,SM,VA +4154+01229 Europe/Rome JM +175805-0764736 America/Jamaica JO +3157+03556 Asia/Amman JP +353916+1394441 Asia/Tokyo KE,DJ,ER,ET,KM,MG,SO,TZ,UG,YT -0117+03649 Africa/Nairobi KG +4254+07436 Asia/Bishkek -KI +0125+17300 Pacific/Tarawa Gilbert Islands KI -0308-17105 Pacific/Enderbury Phoenix Islands KI +0152-15720 Pacific/Kiritimati Line Islands +KI,MH,TV,UM,WF +0125+17300 Etc/GMT-12 Gilberts, Marshalls, Tuvalu, Wallis & Futuna, Wake KP +3901+12545 Asia/Pyongyang KR +3733+12658 Asia/Seoul KZ +4315+07657 Asia/Almaty Kazakhstan (most areas) @@ -219,15 +207,12 @@ LB +3353+03530 Asia/Beirut LK +0656+07951 Asia/Colombo LR +0618-01047 Africa/Monrovia LT +5441+02519 Europe/Vilnius -LU +4936+00609 Europe/Luxembourg LV +5657+02406 Europe/Riga LY +3254+01311 Africa/Tripoli MA +3339-00735 Africa/Casablanca -MC +4342+00723 Europe/Monaco MD +4700+02850 Europe/Chisinau -MH +0709+17112 Pacific/Majuro Marshall Islands (most areas) MH +0905+16720 Pacific/Kwajalein Kwajalein -MM +1647+09610 Asia/Yangon +MM,CC +1647+09610 Asia/Yangon MN +4755+10653 Asia/Ulaanbaatar Mongolia (most areas) MN +4801+09139 Asia/Hovd Bayan-Ölgii, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan MN +4804+11430 Asia/Choibalsan Dornod, Sükhbaatar @@ -235,7 +220,7 @@ MO +221150+1133230 Asia/Macau MQ +1436-06105 America/Martinique MT +3554+01431 Europe/Malta MU -2010+05730 Indian/Mauritius -MV +0410+07330 Indian/Maldives +MV,TF +0410+07330 Etc/GMT-5 Maldives, Kerguelen, St Paul I, Amsterdam I MX +1924-09909 America/Mexico_City Central Time MX +2105-08646 America/Cancun Eastern Standard Time - Quintana Roo MX +2058-08937 America/Merida Central Time - Campeche, Yucatán @@ -247,43 +232,37 @@ MX +2934-10425 America/Ojinaga Mountain Time US - Chihuahua (US border) MX +2904-11058 America/Hermosillo Mountain Standard Time - Sonora MX +3232-11701 America/Tijuana Pacific Time US - Baja California MX +2048-10515 America/Bahia_Banderas Central Time - Bahía de Banderas -MY +0310+10142 Asia/Kuala_Lumpur Malaysia (peninsula) -MY +0133+11020 Asia/Kuching Sabah, Sarawak MZ,BI,BW,CD,MW,RW,ZM,ZW -2558+03235 Africa/Maputo Central Africa Time NA -2234+01706 Africa/Windhoek NC -2216+16627 Pacific/Noumea NF -2903+16758 Pacific/Norfolk NG,AO,BJ,CD,CF,CG,CM,GA,GQ,NE +0627+00324 Africa/Lagos West Africa Time NI +1209-08617 America/Managua -NL +5222+00454 Europe/Amsterdam -NO,SJ +5955+01045 Europe/Oslo NP +2743+08519 Asia/Kathmandu NR -0031+16655 Pacific/Nauru NU -1901-16955 Pacific/Niue NZ,AQ -3652+17446 Pacific/Auckland New Zealand time NZ -4357-17633 Pacific/Chatham Chatham Islands -PA,KY +0858-07932 America/Panama +PA,CA,KY +0858-07932 America/Panama EST - Panama, Cayman, ON (Atikokan), NU (Coral H) PE -1203-07703 America/Lima -PF -1732-14934 Pacific/Tahiti Society Islands +PF -1732-14934 Etc/GMT+10 Society Islands PF -0900-13930 Pacific/Marquesas Marquesas Islands -PF -2308-13457 Pacific/Gambier Gambier Islands -PG -0930+14710 Pacific/Port_Moresby Papua New Guinea (most areas) +PF -2308-13457 Etc/GMT+9 Gambier Islands PG -0613+15534 Pacific/Bougainville Bougainville PH +1435+12100 Asia/Manila PK +2452+06703 Asia/Karachi PL +5215+02100 Europe/Warsaw PM +4703-05620 America/Miquelon PN -2504-13005 Pacific/Pitcairn -PR +182806-0660622 America/Puerto_Rico +PR,AG,CA,AI,AW,BL,BQ,CW,DM,GD,GP,KN,LC,MF,MS,SX,TT,VC,VG,VI +182806-0660622 America/Puerto_Rico AST PS +3130+03428 Asia/Gaza Gaza Strip PS +313200+0350542 Asia/Hebron West Bank PT +3843-00908 Europe/Lisbon Portugal (mainland) PT +3238-01654 Atlantic/Madeira Madeira Islands PT +3744-02540 Atlantic/Azores Azores -PW +0720+13429 Pacific/Palau +PW +0720+13429 Etc/GMT-9 PY -2516-05740 America/Asuncion QA,BH +2517+05132 Asia/Qatar -RE,TF -2052+05528 Indian/Reunion Réunion, Crozet, Scattered Islands RO +4426+02606 Europe/Bucharest RS,BA,HR,ME,MK,SI +4450+02030 Europe/Belgrade RU +5443+02030 Europe/Kaliningrad MSK-01 - Kaliningrad @@ -314,12 +293,9 @@ RU +4658+14242 Asia/Sakhalin MSK+08 - Sakhalin Island RU +6728+15343 Asia/Srednekolymsk MSK+08 - Sakha (E); North Kuril Is RU +5301+15839 Asia/Kamchatka MSK+09 - Kamchatka RU +6445+17729 Asia/Anadyr MSK+09 - Bering Sea -SA,KW,YE +2438+04643 Asia/Riyadh -SB -0932+16012 Pacific/Guadalcanal -SC -0440+05528 Indian/Mahe +SB,FM -0932+16012 Etc/GMT-11 Solomons, Pohnpei SD +1536+03232 Africa/Khartoum -SE +5920+01803 Europe/Stockholm -SG +0117+10351 Asia/Singapore +SG,MY +0117+10351 Asia/Singapore Singapore, peninsular Malaysia SR +0550-05510 America/Paramaribo SS +0451+03137 Africa/Juba ST +0020+00644 Africa/Sao_Tome @@ -327,8 +303,6 @@ SV +1342-08912 America/El_Salvador SY +3330+03618 Asia/Damascus TC +2128-07108 America/Grand_Turk TD +1207+01503 Africa/Ndjamena -TF -492110+0701303 Indian/Kerguelen Kerguelen, St Paul Island, Amsterdam Island -TH,KH,LA,VN +1345+10031 Asia/Bangkok Indochina (most areas) TJ +3835+06848 Asia/Dushanbe TK -0922-17114 Pacific/Fakaofo TL -0833+12535 Asia/Dili @@ -336,13 +310,10 @@ TM +3757+05823 Asia/Ashgabat TN +3648+01011 Africa/Tunis TO -210800-1751200 Pacific/Tongatapu TR +4101+02858 Europe/Istanbul -TT,AG,AI,BL,DM,GD,GP,KN,LC,MF,MS,VC,VG,VI +1039-06131 America/Port_of_Spain -TV -0831+17913 Pacific/Funafuti TW +2503+12130 Asia/Taipei UA +5026+03031 Europe/Kiev Ukraine (most areas) UA +4837+02218 Europe/Uzhgorod Transcarpathia UA +4750+03510 Europe/Zaporozhye Zaporozhye and east Lugansk -UM +1917+16637 Pacific/Wake Wake Island US +404251-0740023 America/New_York Eastern (most areas) US +421953-0830245 America/Detroit Eastern - MI (most areas) US +381515-0854534 America/Kentucky/Louisville Eastern - KY (Louisville area) @@ -362,7 +333,7 @@ US +465042-1012439 America/North_Dakota/New_Salem Central - ND (Morton rural) US +471551-1014640 America/North_Dakota/Beulah Central - ND (Mercer) US +394421-1045903 America/Denver Mountain (most areas) US +433649-1161209 America/Boise Mountain - ID (south); OR (east) -US +332654-1120424 America/Phoenix MST - Arizona (except Navajo) +US,CA +332654-1120424 America/Phoenix MST - Arizona (except Navajo), Creston BC US +340308-1181434 America/Los_Angeles Pacific US +611305-1495401 America/Anchorage Alaska (most areas) US +581807-1342511 America/Juneau Alaska - Juneau area @@ -378,6 +349,5 @@ UZ +4120+06918 Asia/Tashkent Uzbekistan (east) VE +1030-06656 America/Caracas VN +1045+10640 Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh Vietnam (south) VU -1740+16825 Pacific/Efate -WF -1318-17610 Pacific/Wallis WS -1350-17144 Pacific/Apia ZA,LS,SZ -2615+02800 Africa/Johannesburg -- 2.27.0

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile index 8714c16..ce018ec 100644 --- a/Makefile +++ b/Makefile @@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ TZS_YEAR= 2050 TZS_CUTOFF_FLAG= -c $(TZS_YEAR) TZS= to$(TZS_YEAR).tzs TZS_NEW= to$(TZS_YEAR)new.tzs -TZS_DEPS= $(PRIMARY_YDATA) asctime.c localtime.c \ +TZS_DEPS= $(YDATA) asctime.c localtime.c \ private.h tzfile.h zdump.c zic.c # EIGHT_YARDS is just a yard short of the whole ENCHILADA. EIGHT_YARDS = $(COMMON) $(DOCS) $(SOURCES) $(DATA) $(MISC) tzdata.zi diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS index 6d1cd09..435a40f 100644 --- a/NEWS +++ b/NEWS @@ -26,6 +26,23 @@ Unreleased, experimental changes (Thanks to P Chan, Michael Deckers, Alexander Krivenyshev and Alois Treindl.)

+ Merge timezones whose timestamps agree since 1970, since pre-1970 + timestamps are out of scope. This change does not affect + post-1970 timestamps, and timezone historians who build with 'make + PACKRATDATA=backzone' should see no changes to pre-1970 timestamps. + When merging, keep the most-populous location's data, and move + data for other locations to 'backzone' with a backward + compatibility link in 'backward'. Also, merge timezones with + neither post-1970 clock changes nor alphabetic abbreviations into + their Etc counterparts. For example, move the Europe/Oslo data to + 'backzone' with a link in 'backward' from Europe/Berlin because + the two timezones' timestamps agree since 1970; this change + affects some pre-1966 timestamps in Europe/Oslo because Berlin and + Oslo disagreed before 1966. For another example, move the + Asia/Aden data to 'backzone' with a link in 'backward' from + Etc/GMT-3. Affected entries range from Africa/Abidjan to + Pacific/Yap. + Changes to maintenance procedure

The new file SECURITY covers how to report security-related bugs. diff --git a/backzone b/backzone index 6c77378..b58f4d8 100644 --- a/backzone +++ b/backzone @@ -619,6 +619,8 @@ Zone America/Creston -7:46:04 - LMT 1884 Zone America/Curacao -4:35:47 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad -4:30 - -0430 1965 -4:00 - AST +Link America/Curacao America/Kralendijk +Link America/Curacao America/Lower_Princes

# Dominica Zone America/Dominica -4:05:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 1 0:01 # Roseau @@ -763,6 +765,9 @@ Zone America/Nassau -5:09:30 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 # Trinidad and Tobago Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 -4:00 - AST +Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot +Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy +Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Virgin

# Argentina # This entry was intended for the following areas, but has been superseded by @@ -1228,6 +1233,7 @@ Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:28 - LMT 1908 -1:00 Iceland -01/+00 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 0:00 - GMT +Link Atlantic/Reykjavik Iceland

# South Georgia Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 - LMT 1890 # Grytviken @@ -1520,6 +1526,7 @@ Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1:00 EU CE%sT +Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen

# Bosnia and Herzegovina Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884 @@ -1708,6 +1715,8 @@ Zone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 10:00 - +10 +Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Truk +Link Pacific/Chuuk Pacific/Yap

# Tuvalu Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 @@ -1767,6 +1776,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 11:00 - +11 +Link Pacific/Pohnpei Pacific/Ponape

# Papua New Guinea Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 diff --git a/etcetera b/etcetera index 1dc7411..dc21c4d 100644 --- a/etcetera +++ b/etcetera @@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ # Starting with POSIX 1003.1-2001, the entries below are all # unnecessary as settings for the TZ environment variable. E.g., # instead of TZ='Etc/GMT+4' one can use the POSIX setting TZ='<-04>+4'. +# However, some entries are needed if 'backward' is used: +# for example, the 'backward' file links Etc/GMT to Africa/Abidjan. # # Do not use a POSIX TZ setting like TZ='GMT+4', which is four hours # behind GMT but uses the completely misleading abbreviation "GMT". diff --git a/theory.html b/theory.html index 5251c96..47a7b2d 100644 --- a/theory.html +++ b/theory.html @@ -42,12 +42,13 @@ href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_time">POSIX Epoch</a> (1970-01-01 00:00:00 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time"><abbr title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</abbr></a>). -The database labels each timezone with a notable location and -records all known clock transitions for that location. Although 1970 is a somewhat-arbitrary cutoff, there are significant challenges to moving the cutoff earlier even by a decade or two, due to the wide variety of local practices before computer timekeeping became prevalent. +Most timezones correspond to a notable location and the database +records all known clock transitions for that location; +some timezones correspond instead to a fixed <abbr>UTC</abbr> offset. </p>

<p> @@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ time but differs from other timezones for some timestamps after 1970. </p>

<p> -Clock transitions before 1970 are recorded for each timezone, +Clock transitions before 1970 are recorded for location-based timezones, because most systems support timestamps before 1970 and could misbehave if data entries were omitted for pre-1970 transitions. However, the database is not designed for and does not suffice for

-- Magnus Fromreide +46-13 17 68 48 Tornhagsv�gen 24, 2tr magfr@lysator.liu.se SE-582 37 LINK�PING