The source is: Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. * africa (Africa/Gaborone, Africa/Cairo): * asia (Asia/Rangoon, Asia/Shanghai, Asia/Hong_Kong, Asia/Aden): * australasia (Pacific/Fiji): * europe (Europe/Vienna): * northamerica (America/Nassau, America/Barbados, Atlantic/Bermuda) (America/Costa_Rica): * southamerica (America/Bogota, America/Curacao): Adjust old time stamps to match Milne. I went going through Milne's list one by one and did not finish, but the rest can be done later. --- africa | 17 +++++++++++++++-- asia | 48 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------- australasia | 11 +++++++++-- europe | 10 +++++++++- northamerica | 31 +++++++++++++++++++++++++------ southamerica | 21 ++++++++++++++++++--- 6 files changed, 117 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-) diff --git a/africa b/africa index 54c7a1e..f378cc4 100644 --- a/africa +++ b/africa @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). -# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): # # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), @@ -25,6 +25,10 @@ # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which # I found in the UCLA library. # +# For data circa 1899, a common source is: +# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 +# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. +# # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). # @@ -116,8 +120,12 @@ Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 1:00 - WAT # Botswana +# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): +# Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899; +# assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 + 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 2:00 - CAT @@ -189,6 +197,11 @@ Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul # Egypt +# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh +# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for +# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this +# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - @@ -329,7 +342,7 @@ Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 10 0:00 1:00 S Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 23:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:00 - LMT 1900 Oct +Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 2:00 Egypt EE%sT # Equatorial Guinea diff --git a/asia b/asia index d5562c8..1f09fa3 100644 --- a/asia +++ b/asia @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). -# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): # # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), @@ -25,6 +25,10 @@ # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which # I found in the UCLA library. # +# For data circa 1899, a common source is: +# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 +# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. +# # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). # @@ -279,9 +283,12 @@ Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 8:00 - BNT # Burma / Myanmar + +# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon. + # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon - 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? + 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time @@ -384,7 +391,8 @@ Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin 8:00 PRC C%sT # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") # most of China -Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928 +# Milne gives 8:05:56.7; round to nearest. +Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:57 - LMT 1928 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 8:00 PRC C%sT # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) @@ -481,6 +489,10 @@ Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar 8:00 PRC C%sT +# Hong Kong (Xianggang) + +# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this. + # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, @@ -547,7 +559,6 @@ Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. -# Hong Kong (Xianggang) # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - @@ -569,7 +580,7 @@ Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 +Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 8:00 HK HK%sT @@ -646,6 +657,9 @@ Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 ############################################################################### # Cyprus +# +# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT. +# # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - @@ -1804,8 +1818,11 @@ Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time # Oman + +# Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory. + # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920 +Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:24 - LMT 1920 4:00 - GST # Pakistan @@ -2400,6 +2417,13 @@ Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 # no information # Sri Lanka + +# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): +# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo +# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably +# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with +# Shanks and Pottenger. + # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" # (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24, @@ -2699,6 +2723,12 @@ Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 # Vietnam +# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): +# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being +# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways +# from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks +# and Pottenger. + # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City"; # we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. @@ -2712,6 +2742,10 @@ Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 7:00 - ICT # Yemen + +# Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden, +# and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia. + # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950 +Zone Asia/Aden 2:59:54 - LMT 1950 3:00 - AST diff --git a/australasia b/australasia index bef6f20..58df73d 100644 --- a/australasia +++ b/australasia @@ -246,6 +246,9 @@ Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time # Fiji + +# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. + # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. @@ -339,7 +342,7 @@ Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=18 2:00 1:00 S Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - Rule Fiji 2012 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva +Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time # French Polynesia @@ -782,7 +785,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). -# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): +# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). @@ -800,6 +803,10 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which # I found in the UCLA library. # +# For data circa 1899, a common source is: +# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 +# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. +# # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). # diff --git a/europe b/europe index dbd9a71..5081a52 100644 --- a/europe +++ b/europe @@ -30,6 +30,12 @@ # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition # </a> (1914-03) # +# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 +# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes: +# "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables +# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society, +# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org. +# # Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH), # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm"> # History of Summer Time @@ -666,6 +672,8 @@ Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 # Austria +# Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21. + # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and # 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and # Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" @@ -683,7 +691,7 @@ Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr +Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s diff --git a/northamerica b/northamerica index 772d7a4..9de6f5d 100644 --- a/northamerica +++ b/northamerica @@ -1019,6 +1019,9 @@ Zone America/Menominee -5:50:27 - LMT 1885 Sep 18 12:00 # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition # </a> (1914-03) # +# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 +# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. +# # See the `europe' file for Greenland. # Canada @@ -2554,6 +2557,8 @@ Zone America/Antigua -4:07:12 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 # Bahamas # +# For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that. +# # From Sue Williams (2006-12-07): # The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST # rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007.... @@ -2563,11 +2568,14 @@ Zone America/Antigua -4:07:12 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule Bahamas 1964 1975 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone America/Nassau -5:09:24 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 +Zone America/Nassau -5:09:30 - LMT 1912 Mar 2 -5:00 Bahamas E%sT 1976 -5:00 US E%sT # Barbados + +# For 1899 Milne gives -3:58:29.2; round that. + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Barb 1977 only - Jun 12 2:00 1:00 D Rule Barb 1977 1978 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 S @@ -2575,8 +2583,8 @@ Rule Barb 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 D Rule Barb 1979 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S Rule Barb 1980 only - Sep 25 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone America/Barbados -3:58:28 - LMT 1924 # Bridgetown - -3:58:28 - BMT 1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time +Zone America/Barbados -3:58:29 - LMT 1924 # Bridgetown + -3:58:29 - BMT 1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time -4:00 Barb A%sT # Belize @@ -2594,6 +2602,9 @@ Zone America/Belize -5:52:48 - LMT 1912 Apr # Bermuda +# For 1899 Milne gives -4:19:18.3 as the meridian of the clock tower, +# Bermuda dockyard, Ireland I; round that. + # From Dan Jones, reporting in The Royal Gazette (2006-06-26): # Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday @@ -2603,7 +2614,7 @@ Zone America/Belize -5:52:48 - LMT 1912 Apr # http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/1052... # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:04 - LMT 1930 Jan 1 2:00 # Hamilton +Zone Atlantic/Bermuda -4:19:18 - LMT 1930 Jan 1 2:00 # Hamilton -4:00 - AST 1974 Apr 28 2:00 -4:00 Bahamas A%sT 1976 -4:00 US A%sT @@ -2615,6 +2626,9 @@ Zone America/Cayman -5:25:32 - LMT 1890 # Georgetown -5:00 - EST # Costa Rica + +# Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San Jose mean time; round to nearest. + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule CR 1979 1980 - Feb lastSun 0:00 1:00 D Rule CR 1979 1980 - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 0 S @@ -2625,14 +2639,19 @@ Rule CR 1991 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S Rule CR 1992 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 S # There are too many San Joses elsewhere, so we'll use `Costa Rica'. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:20 - LMT 1890 # San Jose - -5:36:20 - SJMT 1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time +Zone America/Costa_Rica -5:36:13 - LMT 1890 # San Jose + -5:36:13 - SJMT 1921 Jan 15 # San Jose Mean Time -6:00 CR C%sT # Coco # no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica # Cuba +# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): +# Milne gives -5:28:50.45 for the observatory at Havana, -5:29:23.57 +# for the port, and -5:30 for meteorological observations. +# For now, stick with Shanks & Pottenger. + # From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29): # The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between # the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on diff --git a/southamerica b/southamerica index e4c8720..671d09b 100644 --- a/southamerica +++ b/southamerica @@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). # +# For data circa 1899, a common source is: +# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 +# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. +# # Gwillim Law writes that a good source # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), @@ -447,6 +451,9 @@ Rule Arg 2008 only - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S # rules...San Luis is still using "Western ARgentina Time" and it got # stuck on Summer daylight savings time even though the summer is over. +# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): +# Milne says Cordoba time was -4:16:48.2. Round to the nearest second. + # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # # Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF), @@ -1303,17 +1310,23 @@ Zone Pacific/Easter -7:17:44 - LMT 1890 # San Felix, and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago. # Colombia + +# Milne gives 4:56:16.4 for Bogota time in 1899; round to nearest. He writes, +# "A variation of fifteen minutes in the public clocks of Bogota is not rare." + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule CO 1992 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S Rule CO 1993 only - Apr 4 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone America/Bogota -4:56:20 - LMT 1884 Mar 13 - -4:56:20 - BMT 1914 Nov 23 # Bogota Mean Time +Zone America/Bogota -4:56:16 - LMT 1884 Mar 13 + -4:56:16 - BMT 1914 Nov 23 # Bogota Mean Time -5:00 CO CO%sT # Colombia Time # Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres # no information; probably like America/Bogota # Curacao + +# Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curacao mean time; round to nearest. # # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): # Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at @@ -1330,7 +1343,7 @@ Zone America/Bogota -4:56:20 - LMT 1884 Mar 13 # though, as far as we know. # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone America/Curacao -4:35:44 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad +Zone America/Curacao -4:35:47 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad -4:30 - ANT 1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time -4:00 - AST @@ -1344,6 +1357,8 @@ Link America/Curacao America/Kralendijk # Bonaire, Sint Estatius and Saba # Ecuador # +# Milne says the Sentral and South American Telegraph Company used -5:24:15. +# # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-04): # Apparently Ecuador had a failed experiment with DST in 1992. # <http://midena.gov.ec/content/view/1261/208/> (2007-02-27) and -- 1.7.10.4