* NEWS: Mention this. * tz-art.htm: Reorder sections to make the order more logical. Use list style for TV episodes and books. * tz-link.htm: Update description of local time on Mars to match current practice. Remove obsolete URLs and update URLs that moved. --- NEWS | 4 +- tz-art.htm | 388 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------------------- tz-link.htm | 92 +++++--------- 3 files changed, 212 insertions(+), 272 deletions(-) diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS index 64233bf..7d994c5 100644 --- a/NEWS +++ b/NEWS @@ -114,7 +114,9 @@ Unreleased, experimental changes tz-link.htm mentions JuliaTime (thanks to Curtis Vogt) and Time4J (thanks to Meno Hochschild) and ThreeTen-Extra, and its description of Java 8 has been brought up to date (thanks to - Stephen Colebourne). + Stephen Colebourne). Its description of local time on Mars has + been updated to match current practice, and URLs have been updated + and some obsolete ones removed. Release 2016f - 2016-07-05 16:26:51 +0200 diff --git a/tz-art.htm b/tz-art.htm index 08ef562..0a2b427 100644 --- a/tz-art.htm +++ b/tz-art.htm @@ -24,6 +24,184 @@ into problems that programmers have with timekeeping.</li> Bell Science extravaganza, with Frank Baxter, Richard Deacon, and Les Tremayne. (<a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0154110/">IMDb entry</a>.)</li> </ul> +<h2>Movies</h2> +<ul> +<li> +In the 1946 movie <em>A Matter of Life and Death</em> +(U.S. title <em>Stairway to Heaven</em>) +there is a reference to British Double Summer Time. +The time does not play a large part in the plot; +it's just a passing reference to the time when one of the +characters was supposed to have died (but didn't). +The IMDb page is at +<a href="http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0038733/"> +http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0038733/ +</a>. (Dave Cantor) +<li> +The 1953 railway comedy movie <em>The Titfield Thunderbolt</em> includes a +play on words on British Double Summer Time. Valentine's wife wants +him to leave the pub and asks him, "Do you know what time it is?" +And he, happy where he is, replies: "Yes, my love. Summer double time." +IMDb page: +<a href="http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0046436/"> +http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0046436/ +</a>. (Mark Brader, 2009-10-02) +</li> +<li> +The premise of the 1999 caper movie <em>Entrapment</em> involves computers +in an international banking network being shut down briefly at +midnight in each time zone to avoid any problems at the transition +from the year 1999 to 2000 in that zone. (Hmmmm.) If this shutdown +is extended by 10 seconds, it will create a one-time opportunity for +a gigantic computerized theft. To achieve this, at one location the +crooks interfere with the microwave system supplying time signals to +the computer, advancing the time by 0.1 second each minute over the +last hour of 1999. (So this movie teaches us that 0.1 × 60 = 10.) +IMDb page: +<a href="http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0137494/"> +http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0137494/ +</a>. (Mark Brader, 2009-10-02) +</li> +<li> +One mustn't forget the +<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4EUTMPuvHo">trailer</a> +(2014; 2:23) for the movie <em>Daylight Saving</em>. +</li> +</ul> +<h2>TV episodes</h2> +<ul> +<li> +An episode of <em>The Adventures of Superman</em> entitled "The Mysterious +Cube," first aired 1958-02-24, had Superman convincing the controllers +of the Arlington Time Signal to broadcast ahead of actual time; +doing so got a crook trying to be declared dead to +emerge a bit too early from the titular enclosure. +</li> +<li> +The 1960s ITC television series <em>The Prisoner</em> included an episode +entitled "The Chimes of Big Ben" in which our protagonist tumbled to +the fraudulent nature of a Poland-to-England escape upon hearing "Big +Ben" chiming on Polish local time. +</li> +<li> +The series <em>Seinfeld</em> included an episode entitled "The Susie," first +broadcast 1997-02-13, in which Kramer decides that daylight saving time +isn't coming fast enough, so he sets his watch ahead an hour. +</li> +<li> +The "20 Hours in America" episode of <em>The West Wing</em>, +first aired 2002-09-25, contained a <a +href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-J1NHzQ1sgc">scene</a> that +saw White House staffers stranded in Indiana; they thought they had time to +catch Air Force One but were done in by intra-Indiana local time changes. +</li> +<li> +"In what time zone would you find New York City?" was a $200 question on +the 1999-11-13 United States airing of <em>Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?</em>, +and "In 1883, what industry led the movement to divide the U.S. into four time +zones?" was a $32,000 question on the 2001-05-23 United States airing of +the same show. At this rate, the million-dollar time-zone +question should have been asked 2002-06-04. +</li> +<li> +A private jet's mid-flight change of time zones distorts Alison Dubois' +premonition in the "We Had a Dream" episode of <em>Medium</em> +(originally aired 2007-02-28). +</li> +<li> +In the <em>30 Rock</em> episode "Anna Howard Shaw Day" +(first broadcast 2010-02-11), +Jack Donaghy's date realizes that a Geneva-to-New-York business phone call +received in the evening must be fake given the difference in local times. +</li> +<li> +In the "Run by the Monkeys" episode of <em>Da Vinci's Inquest</em> +(first broadcast 2002-11-17), +a witness in a five-year-old fire case realizes they may not have set +their clock back when daylight saving ended on the day of the fire, +introducing the possibility of an hour when arson might have occurred. +</li> +<li> +In "The Todd Couple" episode of <em>Outsourced</em> (first aired 2011-02-10), +Manmeet sets up Valentine's Day teledates for 6:00 and 9:00pm; +since one is with a New Yorker and the other with a San Franciscan, +hilarity ensues. +(Never mind that this should be 7:30am in Mumbai, yet for some reason the show +proceeds as though it's also mid-evening there.) +</li> +<li> +In the "14 Days to Go"/"T Minus..." episode of +<em>You, Me and the Apocalypse</em> +(first aired 2015-11-11 in the UK, 2016-03-10 in the US), +the success of a mission to deal with a comet +hinges on whether or not Russia observes daylight saving time. +(In the US, the episode first aired in the week before the switch to DST.) +</li> +<li> +"The Lost Hour", <em>Eerie, Indiana</em>, episode 10, NBC, 1991-12-01. +Despite Indiana's then-lack of DST, Marshall changes his clock with +unusual consequences. +</li> +<li> +"Time Tunnel", <em>The Adventures of Pete & Pete</em>, season 2, episode 5, +Nickelodeon, 1994-10-23. +The two Petes travel back in time an hour on the day that DST ends. +</li> +<li> +"King-Size Homer", <em>The Simpsons</em>, episode 135, Fox, 1995-11-05. +Homer, working from home, remarks "8:58, first +time I've ever been early for work. Except for all those daylight +savings days. Lousy farmers." +</li> +<li> +"Tracks", <em>The Good Wife</em>, season 7, episode 12, +CBS, 2016-01-17. +The applicability of a contract hinges on the +time zone associated with a video time stamp. +</li> +</ul> +<h2>Books, plays, and magazines</h2> +<ul> +<li> +Jules Verne, <em>Around the World in Eighty Days</em> +(<em>Le tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours</em>). +Wall-clock time plays a central role in the plot. +European readers of the 1870s clearly held the U.S. press in +deep contempt; the protagonists cross the U.S. without once +reading a paper. +Available versions include +<a href="http://www.literature.org/Works/Jules-Verne/eighty">an English +translation</a>, and +<a href="http://fourmilab.ch/etexts/www/tdm80j">the original French</a> +"with illustrations from the original 1873 French-language edition". +</li> +<li> +Nick Enright, <em>Daylight Saving</em>, 1989. +A fast-paced comedy about love and loneliness as the clocks turn back. +</li> +<li> +Umberto Eco, <em>The Island of the Day Before</em> +(<em>L'isola del giorno prima</em>), 1994. +"...the story of a 17th century Italian nobleman trapped near an island +on the International Date Line. Time and time zones play an integral +part in the novel." (Paul Eggert, 2006-04-22) +</li> +<li> +John Dunning, <a +href="http://books.simonandschuster.com/Two-OClock-Eastern-Wartime/John-Dunning/9781439171530"><em>Two +O'Clock, Eastern Wartime</em></a>, 2001. +Mystery, history, daylight saving time, and old-time radio. +</li> +<li> +Surrealist artist Guy Billout's work "Date Line" appeared on page 103 +of the 1999-11 <em>Atlantic Monthly</em>. +</li> +<li> +"Gloom, Gloom, Go Away" by Walter Kirn appeared on page 106 of <em>Time</em> +magazine's 2002-11-11 issue; among other things, it proposed +year-round DST as a way of lessening wintertime despair. +</li> +</ul> <h2>Music</h2> <p> Data on recordings of "Save That Time," Russ Long, Serrob Publishing, BMI:</p> @@ -254,216 +432,6 @@ Supernaw.</td></tr> <tr><td>Notes</td><td>Includes the piece "What Time Is It" ("He knew what time it was everywhere...that counted").</td></tr> </table> - -<h2>TV episodes</h2> - -<ul> -<li> -An episode of <em>The Adventures of Superman</em> entitled "The Mysterious -Cube," first aired 1958-02-24, had Superman convincing the controllers -of the Arlington Time Signal to broadcast ahead of actual time; -doing so got a crook trying to be declared dead to -emerge a bit too early from the titular enclosure. -</li> -<li> -The 1960s ITC television series <em>The Prisoner</em> included an episode -entitled "The Chimes of Big Ben" in which our protagonist tumbled to -the fraudulent nature of a Poland-to-England escape upon hearing "Big -Ben" chiming on Polish local time. -</li> -<li> -The series <em>Seinfeld</em> included an episode entitled "The Susie," first -broadcast 1997-02-13, in which Kramer decides that daylight saving time -isn't coming fast enough, so he sets his watch ahead an hour. -</li> -<li> -The "20 Hours in America" episode of <em>The West Wing</em>, -first aired 2002-09-25, contained a <a -href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-J1NHzQ1sgc">scene</a> that -saw White House staffers stranded in Indiana; they thought they had time to -catch Air Force One but were done in by intra-Indiana local time changes. -</li> -<li> -"In what time zone would you find New York City?" was a $200 question on -the 1999-11-13 United States airing of <em>Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?</em>, -and "In 1883, what industry led the movement to divide the U.S. into four time -zones?" was a $32,000 question on the 2001-05-23 United States airing of -the same show. At this rate, the million-dollar time-zone -question should have been asked 2002-06-04. -</li> -<li> -A private jet's mid-flight change of time zones distorts Alison Dubois' -premonition in the "We Had a Dream" episode of <em>Medium</em> -(originally aired 2007-02-28). -</li> -<li> -In the <em>30 Rock</em> episode "Anna Howard Shaw Day" -(first broadcast 2010-02-11), -Jack Donaghy's date realizes that a Geneva-to-New-York business phone call -received in the evening must be fake given the difference in local times. -</li> -<li> -In the "Run by the Monkeys" episode of <em>Da Vinci's Inquest</em> -(first broadcast 2002-11-17), -a witness in a five-year-old fire case realizes they may not have set -their clock back when daylight saving ended on the day of the fire, -introducing the possibility of an hour when arson might have occurred. -</li> -<li> -In "The Todd Couple" episode of <em>Outsourced</em> (first aired 2011-02-10), -Manmeet sets up Valentine's Day teledates for 6:00 and 9:00pm; -since one is with a New Yorker and the other with a San Franciscan, -hilarity ensues. -(Never mind that this should be 7:30am in Mumbai, yet for some reason the show -proceeds as though it's also mid-evening there.) -</li> -<li> -In the "14 Days to Go"/"T Minus..." episode of -<em>You, Me and the Apocalypse</em> -(first aired 2015-11-11 in the UK, 2016-03-10 in the US), -the success of a mission to deal with a comet -hinges on whether or not Russia observes daylight saving time. -(In the US, the episode first aired in the week before the switch to DST.) -</li> -</ul> - -<table> -<tr><td>TV episode title</td><td>The Lost Hour</td> -<tr><td>TV series</td><td><em>Eerie, Indiana</em></td> -<tr><td>TV episode number</td><td>10</td> -<tr><td>Network</td><td>NBC</td> -<tr><td>Air date</td><td>1991-12-01</td> -<tr><td>Notes</td><td>Despite Indiana's then-lack of DST, Marshall changes his clock with unusual consequences.</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td></tr> - -<tr><td>TV episode title</td><td>Time Tunnel</td> -<tr><td>TV series</td><td><em>The Adventures of Pete & Pete</em></td> -<tr><td>TV episode number</td><td>5, season 2</td> -<tr><td>Network</td><td>Nickelodeon</td> -<tr><td>Air date</td><td>1994-10-23</td> -<tr><td>Notes</td><td>The two Petes travel back in time an hour on the day that DST ends.</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td></tr> - -<tr><td>TV episode title</td><td>King-Size Homer</td> -<tr><td>TV series</td><td><em>The Simpsons</em></td> -<tr><td>TV episode number</td><td>135</td> -<tr><td>Network</td><td>Fox</td> -<tr><td>Air date</td><td>1995-11-05</td> -<tr><td>Notes</td><td>Homer, working from home, remarks "8:58, first -time I've ever been early for work. Except for all those daylight -savings days. Lousy farmers."</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td></tr> - -<tr><td>TV episode title</td><td>Tracks</td></tr> -<tr><td>TV series</td><td><em>The Good Wife</em></td></tr> -<tr><td>TV episode number</td><td>12, season 7</td></tr> -<tr><td>Network</td><td>CBS</td></tr> -<tr><td>Air date</td><td>2016-01-17</td></tr> -<tr><td>Notes</td><td>The applicability of a contract hinges on the -time zone associated with a video time stamp.</td></tr> -</table> - -<h2>Books, plays, and magazines</h2> - -<table> -<tr><td>Artist</td><td>Jules Verne</td></tr> -<tr><td>Book</td><td><em>Around the World in Eighty Days</em> -(<em>Le tour du monde en quatre-vingts jours</em>)</td></tr> -<tr><td>Notes</td><td>Wall-clock time plays a central role in the plot. -European readers of the 1870s clearly held the U.S. press in -deep contempt; the protagonists cross the U.S. without once -reading a paper. -An on-line French-language version of the book -"with illustrations from the original 1873 French-language edition" -is available at -<a href="http://fourmilab.ch/etexts/www/tdm80j">http://fourmilab.ch/etexts/www/tdm80j</a> -An on-line English-language translation of the book is available at -<a href="http://www.literature.org/Works/Jules-Verne/eighty">http://www.literature.org/Works/Jules-Verne/eighty</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td>Artist</td><td>Nick Enright</td></tr> -<tr><td>Play</td><td><em>Daylight Saving</em></td></tr> -<tr><td>Copyright Date</td><td>1989</td></tr> -<tr><td>Notes</td><td> -A fast-paced comedy about love and loneliness as the clocks turn back. -</td></tr> - -<tr><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td>Artist</td><td>Umberto Eco</td></tr> -<tr><td>Book</td><td><em>The Island of the Day Before</em> -(<em>L'isola del giorno prima</em>)</td></tr> -<tr><td>Copyright Date</td><td>1994</td></tr> -<tr><td>Notes</td><td> -"...the story of a 17th century Italian nobleman trapped near an island -on the International Date Line. Time and time zones play an integral -part in the novel." (Paul Eggert, 2006-04-22) -</td></tr> -<tr><td> </td></tr> -<tr><td>Artist</td><td>John Dunning</td></tr> -<tr><td>Book</td><td><a -href="http://books.simonandschuster.com/Two-OClock-Eastern-Wartime/John-Dunning/9781439171530"><em>Two -O'Clock, Eastern Wartime</em></a></td></tr> -<tr><td>Copyright Date</td><td>2001</td></tr> -<tr><td>Notes</td><td> -Mystery, history, daylight saving time, and old-time radio. -</td></tr> -</table> -<hr> -<ul> -<li> -Surrealist artist Guy Billout's work "Date Line" appeared on page 103 -of the 1999-11 <em>Atlantic Monthly</em>. -</li> -<li> -"Gloom, Gloom, Go Away" by Walter Kirn appeared on page 106 of <em>Time</em> -magazine's 2002-11-11 issue; among other things, it proposed -year-round DST as a way of lessening wintertime despair. -</li> -</ul> -<h2>Movies</h2> -<ul> -<li> -In the 1946 movie <em>A Matter of Life and Death</em> -(U.S. title <em>Stairway to Heaven</em>) -there is a reference to British Double Summer Time. -The time does not play a large part in the plot; -it's just a passing reference to the time when one of the -characters was supposed to have died (but didn't). -The IMDb page is at -<a href="http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0038733/"> -http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0038733/ -</a>. (Dave Cantor) -<li> -The 1953 railway comedy movie <em>The Titfield Thunderbolt</em> includes a -play on words on British Double Summer Time. Valentine's wife wants -him to leave the pub and asks him, "Do you know what time it is?" -And he, happy where he is, replies: "Yes, my love. Summer double time." -IMDb page: -<a href="http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0046436/"> -http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0046436/ -</a>. (Mark Brader, 2009-10-02) -</li> -<li> -The premise of the 1999 caper movie <em>Entrapment</em> involves computers -in an international banking network being shut down briefly at -midnight in each time zone to avoid any problems at the transition -from the year 1999 to 2000 in that zone. (Hmmmm.) If this shutdown -is extended by 10 seconds, it will create a one-time opportunity for -a gigantic computerized theft. To achieve this, at one location the -crooks interfere with the microwave system supplying time signals to -the computer, advancing the time by 0.1 second each minute over the -last hour of 1999. (So this movie teaches us that 0.1 × 60 = 10.) -IMDb page: -<a href="http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0137494/"> -http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0137494/ -</a>. (Mark Brader, 2009-10-02) -</li> -<li> -One mustn't forget the -<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4EUTMPuvHo">trailer</a> -(2014; 2:23) for the movie <em>Daylight Saving</em>. -</li> -</ul> <h2>Comics</h2> <ul> <li> diff --git a/tz-link.htm b/tz-link.htm index 52bb492..8964490 100644 --- a/tz-link.htm +++ b/tz-link.htm @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ content="Sources for time zone and daylight saving time data"> <meta name="DC.Creator" content="Eggert, Paul"> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Olson, Arthur David"> -<meta name="DC.Date" content="2016-09-05"> +<meta name="DC.Date" content="2016-09-09"> <meta name="DC.Description" content="Sources of information about time zones and daylight saving time"> <meta name="DC.Identifier" @@ -65,13 +65,13 @@ title="Advanced Interactive eXecutive">AIX</abbr></a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackBerry_10">BlackBerry 10</a>, <a href="http://www.apple.com/ios/"><abbr title="iPhone OS">iOS</abbr></a>, -<a href="http://windows.microsoft.com">Microsoft Windows</a>, +<a href="http://www.apple.com/macos/"><abbr +title="Mac Operating System">macOS</abbr></a>, +<a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, <a href="http://www.hp.com/go/openvms/">Open<abbr title="Virtual Memory System">VMS</abbr></a>, -<a href="https://www.oracle.com/database/index.html">Oracle Database</a>, -<a href="http://oracle.com/solaris">Oracle Solaris</a>, and -<a href="http://www.apple.com/osx/"><abbr title="Operating System Ten">OS -X</abbr></a>.</p> +<a href="https://www.oracle.com/database/index.html">Oracle Database</a>, and +<a href="https://www.oracle.com/solaris">Oracle Solaris</a>.</p> <p> Each location in the database represents a region where all clocks keeping local time have agreed since 1970. @@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ for time stamps after 1960 this is more precisely <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time">Coordinated Universal Time</a> (<abbr>UTC</abbr>). The database also records when daylight saving time was in use, -along with alphabetic time zone abbreviations such as <abbr>EST</abbr> +along with some time zone abbreviations such as <abbr>EST</abbr> for Eastern Standard Time in the <abbr>US</abbr>.</p> <p> The following <a @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ of the <a href="http://www.iana.org">Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)</a>. An <a href="https://github.com/eggert/tz">unofficial development repository</a> of the code and data is available -in <a href="http://git-scm.com">Git</a> form +in <a href="https://git-scm.com">Git</a> form from <a href="https://github.com">GitHub</a>; be careful, as this repository is less well tested and probably contains more errors. <p> @@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ the Timing of Time Zone Changes</a> gives examples of problems caused by inadequate notice by governments of time zone and daylight saving rule changes.</li> <li><a -href="http://blog.jonudell.net/2009/10/23/a-literary-appreciation-of-the-olsonzoneinfotz-database/">A +href="https://blog.jonudell.net/2009/10/23/a-literary-appreciation-of-the-olsonzoneinfotz-database/">A literary appreciation of the Olson/Zoneinfo/tz database</a> comments on the database's style.</li> </ul> @@ -244,15 +244,14 @@ names and shows location maps.</li> </ul> <h2>Network protocols for <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> data</h2> <ul> -<li>The <a href="http://www.ietf.org">Internet Engineering Task Force</a>'s +<li>The <a href="https://www.ietf.org">Internet Engineering Task Force</a>'s <a href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/tzdist/charter/">Time Zone Data Distribution Service (tzdist) working group</a> defined <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7808">TZDIST</a> (Internet <abbr>RFC</abbr> 7808), a time zone data distribution service, along with a <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7809">calendar access protocol for transferring time zone data by reference</a> -(Internet <abbr>RFC</abbr> 7809). This work was based -on the iCalendar and CalConnect efforts described below.</li> +(Internet <abbr>RFC</abbr> 7809).</li> <li>The <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5545"> Internet Calendaring and Scheduling Core Object Specification (iCalendar)</a> (Internet <abbr>RFC</abbr> 5445) @@ -261,35 +260,12 @@ data; see its VTIMEZONE calendar component. The iCalendar format requires specialized parsers and generators; a variant <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6321">xCal</a> (Internet <abbr>RFC</abbr> 6321) uses -<a href="http://www.w3.org/XML/"><abbr +<a href="https://www.w3.org/XML/"><abbr title="Extensible Markup Language">XML</abbr></a> format, and a variant <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7265">jCal</a> (Internet <abbr>RFC</abbr> 7265) uses <a href="http://www.json.org"><abbr -title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr></a> format. -<a href="https://www.calconnect.org">CalConnect, The Calendaring and Scheduling -Consortium</a> is promoting further work in this area. <a -href="http://calconnect.org/publications/icalendartimezoneproblemsandrecommendationsv1.0.pdf">iCalendar -TIMEZONE Problems and Recommendations</a> offers guidelines and -recommendations for the use of VTIMEZONE and <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code>.</li> -<li>The <a -href="http://calconnect.org/publications/timezoneregistryandservicerecommendationsv1.0.pdf">Timezone -Registry and Service Recommendations</a> of CalConnect's -<a href="https://www.calconnect.org/about/technical-committees/tc-timezone">TIMEZONE -Technical Committee</a> discusses a -strategy for defining and deploying a time zone -registration process that would establish unique names for each -version of each <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> zone, along with a polygonal -representation of the geographical area corresponding to the -zone.</li> -<li>The <a -href="http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-rdf-calendar/">www-rdf-calendar</a> -list discusses <a -href="http://www.w3.org/RDF/"><abbr -title="Resource Description Framework">RDF</abbr></a>-based calendar -and group scheduling systems, and has a <a -href="http://www.w3.org/2002/12/cal/#tzd">workspace on time zone -data</a> converted from <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code>.</li> +title="JavaScript Object Notation">JSON</abbr></a> format.</li> </ul> <h2>Other <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> compilers</h2> <ul> @@ -423,7 +399,8 @@ has an independent, thread-safe implementation of a <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> binary file reader. This library is freely available under the LGPL and is widely used in <abbr>GNU</abbr>/Linux systems.</li> -<li><a href="https://www.gnome.org">GNOME</a>'s Glib has +<li><a href="https://www.gnome.org">GNOME</a>'s +<a href="https://developer.gnome.org/glib/">GLib</a> has a <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> binary file reader written in C that creates a <code>GTimeZone</code> object representing sets of <abbr>UT</abbr> offsets. @@ -542,7 +519,8 @@ is another time zone database.</li> <li><a href="http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/tzones.html">World Time Zones</a> contains data from the Time Service Department of the <abbr>US</abbr> Naval Observatory.</li> -<li>The <a href="http://www.iata.org/publications/Pages/ssim.aspx">Standard +<li>The <a +href="http://www.iata.org/publications/store/Pages/standard-schedules-information.aspx">Standard Schedules Information Manual</a> of the International Air Transport Association gives current time zone rules for airports served by commercial aviation.</li> @@ -613,7 +591,7 @@ common.</li> </ul> <h2>Civil time concepts and history</h2> <ul> -<li><a href="http://www.nist.gov/pml/general/time/index.cfm">A +<li><a href="http://physics.nist.gov/time">A Walk through Time</a> surveys the evolution of timekeeping.</li> <li><a href="http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/">About Daylight @@ -622,8 +600,6 @@ is an overall history of <abbr>DST</abbr>.</li> <li><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/timezone/">Working with Time Zones</a> contains guidelines and best practices for software applications that deal with civil time.</li> -<li><a href="http://energy.ca.gov/daylightsaving.html">Saving Time, -Saving Energy</a> discusses a primary justification for <abbr>DST</abbr>.</li> <li><a href="http://seizethedaylight.com/dst/">A Brief History of Daylight Saving Time</a> summarizes some of the contentious history of <abbr>DST</abbr>.</li> @@ -681,7 +657,7 @@ hreflang="nl">Legal time in the Netherlands (in Dutch)</a> covers the history of local time in the Netherlands from ancient times.</dd> <dt>New Zealand</dt> <dd>The Department of Internal Affairs maintains a brief <a -href="http://www.dia.govt.nz/Daylight-Saving-History">History of +href="https://www.dia.govt.nz/Daylight-Saving-History">History of Daylight Saving</a>. The privately-maintained <a href="http://astrologyschool.com/nztime.html">History of New Zealand time</a> has more details.</dd> @@ -714,7 +690,8 @@ title="Network Time Protocol">NTP</abbr>: The Network Time Protocol</a> discusses how to synchronize clocks of Internet hosts.</li> -<li>The <a href="http://www.nist.gov/el/isd/ieee/ieee1588.cfm">Precision +<li>The <a +href="https://www.nist.gov/intelligent-systems-division/ieee-1588">Precision Time Protocol</a> (<abbr title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">IEEE</abbr> 1588) can achieve submicrosecond clock accuracy on a local area network.</li> @@ -726,11 +703,6 @@ specifies a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_Host_Configuration_Protocol"><abbr>DHCP</abbr></a> option for a server to configure a client's time zone and daylight saving settings automatically.</li> -<li><a href="http://gauss.gge.unb.ca/GMT.UT.and.the.RGO.html">A Few Facts -Concerning <abbr>GMT</abbr>, <abbr>UT</abbr>, and -the <abbr title="Royal Greenwich Observatory">RGO</abbr></a> -answers questions like "What is the -difference between <abbr>GMT</abbr> and <abbr>UTC</abbr>?"</li> <li><a href="http://www.cv.nrao.edu/~rfisher/Ephemerides/times.html">Astronomical Times</a> explains more abstruse astronomical time scales like @@ -739,7 +711,7 @@ Times</a> explains more abstruse astronomical time scales like <abbr title="Barycentric Dynamic Time">TDB</abbr>. <a href="http://www.ucolick.org/~sla/leapsecs/timescales.html">Time Scales</a> goes into more detail, particularly for historical variants.</li> -<li>The <a href="http://iau.org"><abbr +<li>The <a href="http://www.iau.org"><abbr title="International Astronomical Union">IAU</abbr></a>'s <a href="http://www.iausofa.org"><abbr title="Standards Of Fundamental Astronomy">SOFA</abbr></a> @@ -753,10 +725,8 @@ code for converting among time scales like Space Flight – Reference Systems – Time Conventions</a> briefly explains interplanetary space flight timekeeping.</li> <li><a -href="http://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/mars24/help/notes.html">Technical -Notes on Mars Solar Time as Adopted by the Mars24 Sunclock</a> briefly -describes Mars Coordinated Time (<abbr -title="Mars Coordinated Time">MTC</abbr>) and the +href="http://www.giss.nasa.gov/tools/mars24/help/notes.html">Mars24 Sunclock +– Time on Mars</a> describes Airy Mean Time (<abbr>AMT</abbr>) and the diverse local time scales used by each landed mission on Mars.</li> <li><a href="http://leapsecond.com">LeapSecond.com</a> is @@ -772,7 +742,7 @@ when leap seconds occur.</li> <li>The <a href="https://pairlist6.pair.net/mailman/listinfo/leapsecs">Leap Second Discussion List</a> covers <a -href="http://gauss.gge.unb.ca/papers.pdf/gpsworld.november99.pdf">McCarthy +href="http://www2.unb.ca/gge/Resources/gpsworld.november99.pdf">McCarthy and Klepczynski's proposal to discontinue leap seconds</a>, discussed further in <a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/time/metrologia-leapsecond.pdf">The @@ -790,7 +760,7 @@ zone names, abbreviations, identifiers, and formats. For example, it contains French translations for "Eastern European Summer Time", "<abbr title="Eastern European Summer Time">EEST</abbr>", and "Bucharest". Its -<a href="http://unicode.org/cldr/charts/by_type/index.html">by-type +<a href="http://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/latest/by_type/">by-type charts</a> show these values for many locales. Data values are available in both <abbr title="Locale Data Markup Language">LDML</abbr> (an <abbr>XML</abbr> format) and <abbr>JSON</abbr>. @@ -834,10 +804,10 @@ practice. For example, in English-speaking North America but in China it denotes 8 hours ahead of <abbr>UTC</abbr>, and French-speaking North Americans prefer "<abbr title="Heure Normale du Centre">HNC</abbr>" to -"<abbr>CST</abbr>". For <abbr>POSIX</abbr> the <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> -database contains English abbreviations for all time stamps but in -many cases these are merely inventions of the database -maintainers.</li> +"<abbr>CST</abbr>". The <code><abbr>tz</abbr></code> +database contains English abbreviations for many time stamps; +unfortunately some of these abbreviations were merely the database maintainers' +inventions, and are gradually being removed.</li> <li>Numeric time zone abbreviations typically count hours east of <abbr>UTC</abbr>, e.g., +09 for Japan and −10 for Hawaii. However, the <abbr>POSIX</abbr> @@ -852,7 +822,7 @@ settings like <code><abbr>TZ</abbr>="Asia/Tokyo"</code> and confusion, handle old time stamps better, and insulate you better from any future changes to the rules. One should never set <abbr>POSIX</abbr> <code><abbr>TZ</abbr></code> to a value like -<code>"GMT-9"</code>, though, since this would falsely claim that +<code>"GMT-9"</code>, though, since this would incorrectly imply that local time is nine hours ahead of <abbr>UTC</abbr> and the time zone is called "<abbr>GMT</abbr>".</li> </ul> -- 2.7.4