I went through all the messages to the tz list in the past weeks plus a few notes I had made to myself, and came up with the following proposed changes to the tz data. Aside from comments, the changes are: * Adjust the Australia/Adelaide rule to reflect known behavior since 1990 reported by John Connolly, Robert Elz, and Bradley White. * Adjust Asia/Novosibirsk to reflect that it switched time zones in March, as reported by Stanislaw Kuzikowski. Add a new zone Asia/Tomsk, since Tomsk did not switch and we need a Russian city that is +0700. * Change `Asia/Almaty' to `Asia/Alma-Ata'. This is in keeping with the policy of using traditional English names. And even the _Economist_, which brought up the name `Almaty' in the first place, has gone back to calling that city `Alma-Ata'. * Repair LMT typos for Atlantic/Faeroe, Europe/Vaduz, Pacific/Enderbury, and Pacific/Wallis (thanks to Gwillim Law); and for Europe/London (thanks to Peter Ilieve). * Include two more historical events where the clock changed by 24 hours, one in Asia/Manila in 1844, the other in Pacific/Samoa in 1879. I still don't know the details about America/Anchorage in 1867. The most important changes to commentary are notes under GB-Eire and M-Eur about the proposed 7th EU daylight savings time directive; thanks to Peter Ilieve for this. A simple switch of commentary and code can be done if the EU proposal is adopted. diff -c ty/asia tz/asia *** ty/asia Sat Jun 4 10:12:51 1994 --- tz/asia Thu Aug 18 09:36:57 1994 *************** *** 4,10 **** # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). ! # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): # # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), --- 4,10 ---- # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). ! # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (August 18, 1994): # # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), *************** *** 15,20 **** --- 15,24 ---- # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which # I found in the UCLA library. # + # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is + # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude, + # Oxford University Press (1980). + # # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. # Corrections are welcome! *************** *** 287,293 **** 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 5:30 - IST ! # The following are like India/Calcutta: # Andaman Is # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) # Nicobar Is --- 291,297 ---- 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 5:30 - IST ! # The following are like Asia/Calcutta: # Andaman Is # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) # Nicobar Is *************** *** 509,519 **** 2:00 Jordan EET%s # Kazakhstan - # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): - # Before 1993, Almaty was known by its Russian name ``Alma-Ata''. # From Shanks (1991): # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] ! Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 5:00 - TSK 1957 Mar 6:00 Russia TS%s --- 513,521 ---- 2:00 Jordan EET%s # Kazakhstan # From Shanks (1991): # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] ! Zone Asia/Alma-Ata 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 5:00 - TSK 1957 Mar 6:00 Russia TS%s *************** *** 673,678 **** --- 675,682 ---- # This will undoubtedly change soon. # Philippines + # Howse writes (p 162) that until 1844 the Philippines kept American date. + # The rest of this data is from Shanks. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Phil 1899 only - May 11 0:00 0 S Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 D *************** *** 682,688 **** Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] ! Zone Asia/Manila 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 8:00 Phil P%sT 1942 May 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 8:00 Phil P%sT --- 686,693 ---- Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] ! Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 ! 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 8:00 Phil P%sT 1942 May 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 8:00 Phil P%sT diff -c ty/australasia tz/australasia *** ty/australasia Mon Feb 7 06:57:49 1994 --- tz/australasia Thu Aug 18 09:07:12 1994 *************** *** 52,58 **** Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 - Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 - ! Rule AS 1990 max even Mar Sun>=22 3:00 0 - Rule AS 1990 max odd Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb --- 52,58 ---- Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 - Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 - ! Rule AS 1990 max even Mar Sun>=18 3:00 0 - Rule AS 1990 max odd Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb *************** *** 181,187 **** # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 12:00 - NZST ! Zone Pacific/Enderbury -12:35:40 - LMT 1901 -12:00 - KJT 1979 Oct -11:00 - SST Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 --- 181,187 ---- # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 12:00 - NZST ! Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 -12:00 - KJT 1979 Oct -11:00 - SST Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 *************** *** 330,336 **** # Wallis and Futuna # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] ! Zone Pacific/Wallis 11:44:40 - LMT 1901 12:00 - NZST # Western Samoa --- 330,336 ---- # Wallis and Futuna # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] ! Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 12:00 - NZST # Western Samoa *************** *** 344,354 **** # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). ! # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). ! # Except where noted below, it is the source for the data above. # # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. --- 344,362 ---- # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). ! # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (August 18, 1994): # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). ! # Except where noted, it is the source for the data above. ! # ! # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, ! # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which ! # I found in the UCLA library. ! # ! # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is ! # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude, ! # Oxford University Press (1980). # # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. *************** *** 547,552 **** --- 555,570 ---- # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival # is on... + # From Robert Elz (March 16, 1992, 00:57:07 +1000): + # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... + # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... + # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). + + # From Bradley White (April 11, 1994): + # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, + # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can + # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... + # Australia/Tasmania # From Bradley White (March 4, 1991): *************** *** 706,711 **** --- 724,735 ---- ############################################################################### + # Fiji + + # Howse writes (p 162) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji + # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on +12:00. + # Perhaps it didn't take. We go with Shanks's more precise date in 1915. + # Kwajalein # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: *************** *** 713,715 **** --- 737,746 ---- # August 20, 1993. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. + + # Pacific Islands Trust Territories + + # Howse writes (p 162) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the + # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones + # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. + # Ignore this for now, as we have no hard data. See also Asia/Manila. diff -c ty/europe tz/europe *** ty/europe Sat Jun 4 10:12:52 1994 --- tz/europe Thu Aug 18 10:17:10 1994 *************** *** 35,41 **** # 4:00 KSK KSD Kuybyshev* # 5:00 ESK ESD Yekaterinburg* # 6:00 OSK OSD Omsk* ! # 7:00 NSK NSD Novosibirsk # 8:00 ISK ISD Irkutsk* # 9:00 YSK YSD Yakutsk* # 10:00 VSK VSD Vladivostok* --- 35,42 ---- # 4:00 KSK KSD Kuybyshev* # 5:00 ESK ESD Yekaterinburg* # 6:00 OSK OSD Omsk* ! # 6:00 NSK NSD Novosibirsk (was 7:00 until 1994) ! # 7:00 TSK TSD Tomsk* # 8:00 ISK ISD Irkutsk* # 9:00 YSK YSD Yakutsk* # 10:00 VSK VSD Vladivostok* *************** *** 56,61 **** --- 57,83 ---- # United Kingdom + # From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (July 6, 1994): + # + # On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about + # historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo + # and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph + # of the text said: + # + # `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands + # beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longditude + # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed + # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They + # made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, + # but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking + # along the towpath within a few yards of it.' + # + # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's + # position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longditude should + # be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. + # + # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] + # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): # # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. *************** *** 548,553 **** --- 570,597 ---- # 1993 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed # 1994 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed + # From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (June 8, 1994): + # The European Union bureaucracy has edged a step closer to a 7th Directive + # on summer-time arrangements. I have the text of a Common Position + # (EC No 9/94) and a statement of the Council's reasons dated 4 March 94, + # reported in the Official Journal of the EC, No. C 137/38--41.... + # The dates again: + # Year Start End End (UK & Eire, 1995 only) + # (rule) (last Sun) (last Sun) (4th Sun) + # 1995 26 March 24 September 22 October + # 1996 31 March 27 October + # 1997 30 March 26 October + + # From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (March 28, 1994): + # The UK/Eire end date of 22 October [1995] conflicts with your current rule of + # Oct Sun>=23, and the historical UK formula of Sun after 4th Sat. + # The last time 4th Sun and Sun after 4th Sat differed was in 1989, + # when 29 October was used. That year was covered by a UK Summer Time Order + # for only a single year and it looks as though there was a matching 4th EC + # directive for just this year. I don't have the text of the 5th EC + # directive (for 1990--92) but my guess would be it said 4th Sun. + # To maintain strict historical accuracy you could start a new UK ending rule + # of Oct Sun>=22 in 1990. # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): # *************** *** 652,660 **** # Current rules Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] ! Zone Europe/London -0:00:37 - LMT 1847 Sep 22 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Feb 18 2:00 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00 0:00 GB-Eire %s --- 696,708 ---- # Current rules Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT + # Under the 7th EU proposal, replace the above line with the following three: + #Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT + #Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 GMT + #Rule GB-Eire 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 GMT # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] ! Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Sep 22 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Feb 18 2:00 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00 0:00 GB-Eire %s *************** *** 708,713 **** --- 756,764 ---- Rule M-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule M-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - Rule M-Eur 1979 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - + # Under the 7th EU proposal, replace the above line with the following two: + #Rule M-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - + #Rule M-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule M-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 3:00s 1:00 " DST" *************** *** 945,951 **** 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1:00 Denmark MET%s 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1:00 M-Eur MET%s ! Zone Atlantic/Faeroe 0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn 0:00 - WET 1981 Mar 29 1:00 0:00 W-Eur WET%s Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 --- 996,1002 ---- 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1:00 Denmark MET%s 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1:00 M-Eur MET%s ! Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn 0:00 - WET 1981 Mar 29 1:00 0:00 W-Eur WET%s Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 *************** *** 1269,1275 **** # Liechtenstein # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] ! Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:30:04 - LMT 1894 Jun 1:00 - MET 1981 Mar 29 2:00 1:00 M-Eur MET%s --- 1320,1326 ---- # Liechtenstein # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] ! Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun 1:00 - MET 1981 Mar 29 2:00 1:00 M-Eur MET%s *************** *** 1618,1629 **** 5:00 1:00 OSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 5:00 - OSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 6:00 Russia OS%s Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 6:00 - NSK 1957 Mar 7:00 Russia NS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 6:00 1:00 NSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 6:00 - NSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s ! 7:00 Russia NS%s Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 6:57 - LST 1924 May 2 7:00 - ISK 1957 Mar --- 1669,1694 ---- 5:00 1:00 OSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 5:00 - OSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 6:00 Russia OS%s + # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (June 29, 1994): + # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! + # I do not know why they have decided to make this change; + # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching + # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. + # Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow. Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 6:00 - NSK 1957 Mar 7:00 Russia NS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 6:00 1:00 NSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 6:00 - NSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s ! 7:00 Russia NS%s 1994 Mar 27 2:00s ! 6:00 1:00 NSD 1994 Sep 25 2:00s ! 6:00 Russia NS%s ! Zone Asia/Tomsk 5:39:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 ! 6:00 - TSK 1957 Mar ! 7:00 Russia TS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s ! 6:00 1:00 TSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s ! 6:00 - TSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s ! 7:00 Russia TS%s Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 6:57 - LST 1924 May 2 7:00 - ISK 1957 Mar *************** *** 1725,1731 **** Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] ! Zone Europe/Madrid 0:14:44 - LMT 1901 0:00 Spain WET%s 1946 Sep 30 1:00 Spain MET%s 1979 Apr 1 2:00 1:00 M-Eur MET%s --- 1790,1796 ---- Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] ! Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 0:00 Spain WET%s 1946 Sep 30 1:00 Spain MET%s 1979 Apr 1 2:00 1:00 M-Eur MET%s diff -c ty/northamerica tz/northamerica *** ty/northamerica Sat Jun 4 10:12:51 1994 --- tz/northamerica Wed Aug 17 23:23:49 1994 *************** *** 5,10 **** --- 5,15 ---- # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). + # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (August 17, 1994): + # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is + # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude, + # Oxford University Press (1980). + ############################################################################### # United States *************** *** 106,111 **** --- 111,121 ---- # Samoa standard time # The law doesn't give abbreviations. + # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (August 16, 1994): + # Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar, + # and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, in 1867 when the US purchased it + # from Russia. We don't have this data pinned down yet, though. + # Easy stuff first--including Alaska, where we ignore history (since we # can't tell if we should give Yukon time or Alaska-Hawaii time for "old" # times). *************** *** 148,155 **** -5:00 US E%sT # Samoa just changes names. No DST, per Naval Observatory. ! Zone Pacific/Samoa -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 -11:30 - SST 1950 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering --- 158,171 ---- -5:00 US E%sT # Samoa just changes names. No DST, per Naval Observatory. + # + # Howse writes that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change + # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, + # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that + # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' ! Zone Pacific/Samoa 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 ! -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 -11:30 - SST 1950 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering