Since Brazil and Tonga are changing their rules this month, it's time for another update to the tz database. Here are all the changes that I have been saving up. As usual, thanks to everybody who has contributed -- it wouldn't happen without you. The following changes affect future and/or current time stamps: * Brazil has changed the rules again, and the following locations are now planned to observe DST this year: America/Fortaleza, America/Recife, America/Maceio. (Thanks to Rives McDow for this.) * Tonga will observe DST this summer from 11-25 to 03-03. (Thanks to Rives McDow for this.) * Mexico's Supreme Court has declared that daylight savings is unconstitutional in Mexico City. For now, we'll assume that Mexico City will not observe DST next year. Quite possibly this will change. (Thanks to Scott Harrington for this.) * New zone Asia/Choibalsan for +09:00 in Mongolia. (Thanks to Rives McDow for this.) * New zone America/Danmarkshavn for +00:00 in Greenland. This is the secondmost northerly entry in the tz database, behind only Arctic/Longyearbyen. America/Thule no longer observes DST, apparently. (Thanks to Gwillim Law and Steffen Thorsen for this.) The following changes affect past time stamps only: * New zone Asia/Sakhalin for Sakhalinskaya oblast', which switched from +11:00 to +10:00 recently. (Thanks to Gwillim Law for this.) * New zone America/North_Dakota/Center for Oliver County, ND, which switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25. (Thanks to Rives McDow for this.) * Europe/Amsterdam switched from 0:20 to 1:00 on 1940-05-16, not 1940-05-17. (Thanks to Robert H. van Gent for this.) * The following changes were gotten from rereading Shanks more carefully: - Angola Time was +00:52:04, not +00:52:56. - British East Africa Unified Time was +02:44:45, not +02:45. - Bolivia used Calamarca Mean Time, not La Paz Mean Time. - Caracas Mean Time(?) was -04:27:40, not -04:27:44. - Fort-de-France Mean Time was -04:04:20, not -04:04. - Funchal Mean Time was -01:07:36, not -01:08. - Horta Mean Time was -01:54:32, not -01:55. - Lima Mean Time(?) was -05:08:36, not -05:09. - Managua used -05:45:12, not -05:45. - Panama used Colon Mean Time (-05:19:36), not -05:20. - Port Moresby Mean Time was +09:48:32, not +09:48:40. The following changes affect zone.tab and zone names: * Rename Asia/Chungking to Asia/Chongqing, as the latter spelling seems by far the most popular in English now. Add a backward compatibility link. (Thanks to Yao Zhang for this suggestion.) * Use different comments for China and Greenland time zones in zone.tab in an attempt to avoid confusion. (Thanks to Yao Zhang and Oscar van Vlijmen for suggestions.) * Sort zone.tab correctly. The following change affects the C code: * Add OTIME_MSG and NTIME_MSG macros to date.c, for hosts that lack them. The following changes affect commentary only: * A list of which regions of Russia use which tz entries. (Thanks to Oscar van Vlijmen for this.) * A summary of the long discussion of Australian time zone abbreviations. (Thanks to everyone who wrote in about this.) * West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on 1999-10-31, but this apparently had no effect on the clocks that people actually used. (Thanks to Rives McDow for the notification of the official change; I verified that it was not a real change.) * More discussion in "Theory" about Zone naming conventions. Update POSIX reference to Draft 7. * Argentina had some interesting legal maneuvers this year that resulted in no change to the rules. (Thanks to Mariano Absatz for this.) * The official rule for Wayne County's switch. * Scott Harrington's notes on Melbourne's Shrine of Remembrance. * Remove Gwillim Law's obsolete email address. * XHTML syntax corrections to tz-art.htm. * Add commentary in tz-link explaining TZ usage, and explaining problems with alphanumeric time zone abbreviations. * Add links to a fine map of Russan Federation time zones (in Russian), the (US) National Weather Service time zone map data, the Royal Observatory of Belgium, the (UK) National Physical Laboratory, * Update links for HP-UX, Open UNIX, Tru64, wget, tar, gzip, Stewart's converter, Vzic, SSIM, CIA map, Perry-Castaneda collection, PTB, NTP, draft-ietf-impp-datetime. * Remove links to worldtimezone.com and to ISO 8601:1988 (no longer on the web). * Add James Joyce's comment about Dunsink Time in "Ulysses". =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/africa,v retrieving revision 2001.3 retrieving revision 2001.3.0.1 diff -pu -r2001.3 -r2001.3.0.1 --- africa 2001/06/05 17:48:22 2001.3 +++ africa 2001/10/02 06:13:03 2001.3.0.1 @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). # -# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source +# Gwillim Law writes that a good source # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! # 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time # 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) -# 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) +# 2:44:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) # 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) # 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) # 3:00 EAT East Africa Time @@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 M # Angola # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 - 0:52:04 - LMT 1911 May 26 # Luanda Mean Time? + 0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time 1:00 - WAT # Benin @@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 M Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 3:00 - EAT 1930 2:30 - BEAT 1940 - 2:45 - BEAUT 1960 + 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1960 3:00 - EAT # Lesotho @@ -287,9 +287,9 @@ Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Ma 2:00 - SAST # Liberia -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18): +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (2001-07-17): # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch -# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 minutes. +# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. # Shanks reports the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; go with Shanks. # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks reports -0:44, whereas Howse and Whitman @@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 M # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 3:00 - EAT 1948 - 2:45 - BEAUT 1961 + 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1961 3:00 - EAT # Togo @@ -591,7 +591,7 @@ Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 3:00 - EAT 1930 2:30 - BEAT 1948 - 2:45 - BEAUT 1957 + 2:44:45 - BEAUT 1957 3:00 - EAT # Zambia =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/asia,v retrieving revision 2001.3 retrieving revision 2001.3.0.2 diff -pu -r2001.3 -r2001.3.0.2 --- asia 2001/06/05 17:48:22 2001.3 +++ asia 2001/10/02 16:39:30 2001.3.0.2 @@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). # -# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source +# Gwillim Law writes that a good source # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries @@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 8:00 PRC C%sT -Zone Asia/Chungking 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chongqing +Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking 7:00 - CHUT 1980 May # Chungking Time 8:00 PRC C%sT Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi @@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] -Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 +Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei 8:00 Taiwan C%sT # Macao (Macau, Aomen) @@ -932,9 +932,11 @@ Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 # Malaysia # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS +Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - +# # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +# peninsular Malaysia Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:48 - LMT 1880 6:55:24 - SMT 1905 Jun # Singapore Mean Time 7:00 - MALT 1933 # Malaya Time @@ -943,6 +945,7 @@ Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:48 - LMT 188 7:20 - MALT 1950 7:30 - MALT 1982 May 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time +# Sabah & Sarawak Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 @@ -1022,11 +1025,10 @@ Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan -# We're still not sure about this data, so we'll omit it for now. -#Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug -# 7:00 - ULAT 1978 -# 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT 1983 Apr -# 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT # Choibalsan Time +Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug + 7:00 - ULAT 1978 + 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr + 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT # Choibalsan Time # Nepal # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/australasia,v retrieving revision 2001.2 retrieving revision 2001.2.0.1 diff -pu -r2001.2 -r2001.2.0.1 --- australasia 2001/04/05 20:43:40 2001.2 +++ australasia 2001/10/02 06:13:03 2001.2.0.1 @@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ # Australia +# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - @@ -359,7 +361,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # # Papua New Guinea # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 - 9:48:40 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time + 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time # Pitcairn @@ -399,6 +401,8 @@ Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - Rule Tonga 2000 only - Nov 4 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Tonga 2001 only - Jan 27 2:00s 0 - +Rule Tonga 2001 only - Nov 25 2:00s 1:00 S +Rule Tonga 2002 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time @@ -473,7 +477,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). # -# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source +# Gwillim Law writes that a good source # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries @@ -535,12 +539,93 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. -# From Arthur David Olson (March 8 1992): +# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: # CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 # WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 # EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 +# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" +# versus "AEST" etc.: +# +# I see the following points of dispute: +# +# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? +# +# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris +# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper +# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity +# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian +# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. +# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique +# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't +# think it's that important to cater to such software these days. +# +# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous +# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is +# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for +# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. +# +# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? +# +# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in +# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about +# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard +# Time, for example. +# +# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to +# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a +# tiebreaker. +# +# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern +# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with +# the word "Australian"? +# +# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are +# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more +# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more +# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the +# following count of page hits: +# +# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au +# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au +# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au +# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au +# +# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", +# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, +# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer +# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. +# +# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of +# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and +# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here +# are the hit counts anyway: +# +# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au +# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au +# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au +# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au +# +# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au +# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au +# 176 "ACST" and domain:au +# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au +# +# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au +# 68 "AWST" and domain:au +# +# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in +# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given +# the ambiguities involved. +# +# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? +# +# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 +# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, +# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and +# understood in Australia. + # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): # Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand. # Mark Prior <mrp@itd.adelaide.edu.au> writes that his newspaper @@ -756,6 +841,28 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] # # [ Nov 1990 ] +# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): +# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an +# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was +# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar +# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located +# in Melbourne, Australia. +# +# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which +# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day +# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's +# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, +# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the +# expected time. +# +# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had +# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of +# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps +# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. +# +# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html +# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au + # New South Wales # From Arthur David Olson: @@ -1120,6 +1227,12 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. +# From Rives McDow (2001-07-17): +# The Kingdom of Tonga will move to DST at 0200 local time on Sunday, +# November 25, 2001 and revert back to standard time at 0300 local +# time on Sunday, March 3, 2002. + + ############################################################################### # The International Date Line =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/backward,v retrieving revision 2001.1 retrieving revision 2001.1.0.2 diff -pu -r2001.1 -r2001.1.0.2 --- backward 2001/03/13 17:57:41 2001.1 +++ backward 2001/10/02 16:39:30 2001.1.0.2 @@ -9,8 +9,9 @@ Link America/Indianapolis America/Fort_W Link America/Indiana/Knox America/Knox_IN Link America/Rio_Branco America/Porto_Acre Link America/St_Thomas America/Virgin -Link Asia/Dhaka Asia/Dacca Link Asia/Ashgabat Asia/Ashkhabad +Link Asia/Chongqing Asia/Chungking +Link Asia/Dhaka Asia/Dacca Link Asia/Jerusalem Asia/Tel_Aviv Link Asia/Thimphu Asia/Thimbu Link Asia/Ulaanbaatar Asia/Ulan_Bator @@ -43,9 +44,9 @@ Link Pacific/Easter Chile/EasterIsland Link America/Havana Cuba Link Africa/Cairo Egypt Link Europe/Dublin Eire +Link Europe/Chisinau Europe/Tiraspol Link Europe/London GB Link Europe/London GB-Eire -Link Europe/Chisinau Europe/Tiraspol Link Etc/GMT+0 GMT+0 Link Etc/GMT-0 GMT-0 Link Etc/GMT0 GMT0 @@ -65,9 +66,9 @@ Link America/Denver Navajo Link Pacific/Auckland NZ Link Pacific/Chatham NZ-CHAT Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Samoa -Link Asia/Shanghai PRC Link Europe/Warsaw Poland Link Europe/Lisbon Portugal +Link Asia/Shanghai PRC Link Asia/Taipei ROC Link Asia/Seoul ROK Link Asia/Singapore Singapore =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/date.c,v retrieving revision 2001.1 retrieving revision 2001.1.0.1 diff -pu -r2001.1 -r2001.1.0.1 --- date.c 2001/03/13 17:57:37 2001.1 +++ date.c 2001/10/02 06:13:03 2001.1.0.1 @@ -44,6 +44,13 @@ static char sccsid[] = "@(#)date.c 4.23 #include "utmpx.h" #endif +#ifndef OTIME_MSG +#define OTIME_MSG "old time" +#endif +#ifndef NTIME_MSG +#define NTIME_MSG "new time" +#endif + /* ** The two things date knows about time are. . . */ =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/europe,v retrieving revision 2001.3 retrieving revision 2001.3.0.2 diff -pu -r2001.3 -r2001.3.0.2 --- europe 2001/06/05 17:48:22 2001.3 +++ europe 2001/10/02 16:39:30 2001.3.0.2 @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). # -# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source +# Gwillim Law writes that a good source # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries @@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) # </a>. -# From Paul Eggert (2000-02-17): +# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-18): # # For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948. # @@ -234,6 +234,12 @@ # # # Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks. +# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory +# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was +# to London. For example: +# +# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." +# -- James Joyce, Ulysses # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): # Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) @@ -374,14 +380,14 @@ Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 D 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 0:00 EU GMT/BST Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 - -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT + -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin/Dunsink MT -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s # Irish Summer Time 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 0:00 EU GMT/BST -Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 - -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT +Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 + -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 @@ -728,12 +734,36 @@ Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU # rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. +# From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing +# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), +# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: +# +# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC +# is according to the following time line: +# +# The military zone near Thule UTC-4 +# Standard Greenland time UTC-3 +# Scoresbysund UTC-1 +# Danmarkshavn UTC +# +# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be +# introduced. + +# From Paul Eggert (2001-09-29): +# The 1997 CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; the 1995 map as like Godthab. +# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996. +# The 2000 IATA shows Thule as observing DST, so assume they stopped in 2001. + # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Thule 1993 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D -Rule Thule 1993 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Thule 1993 2000 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Thule 1993 2000 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 + -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 + -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996 + 0:00 - GMT Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 @@ -1081,7 +1111,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1 # # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, -# called ``Palermo Time'' (+0053) and ``Cagliari Time'' (+0038). +# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, # so record only the time in Rome. @@ -1442,7 +1472,7 @@ Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 - 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 17 0:00 # Dutch Time + 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1:00 EU CE%sT @@ -1659,14 +1689,14 @@ Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 0:00 EU WE%sT Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada - -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time + -1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u -1:00 EU AZO%sT Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal - -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time + -1:07:36 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 0:00 EU WE%sT @@ -1707,6 +1737,12 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 # are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks, except we follow # Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. # +# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29): +# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! +# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; +# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching +# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. +# # From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04): # `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with # Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... @@ -1725,12 +1761,44 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 # the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began # enforcing curfew at the wrong time. # +# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): +# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in +# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the +# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan +# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok +# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are +# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have +# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. +# # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +# +# Kaliningradskaya oblast'. Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 Russia EE%sT +# +# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] +# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast', Astrakhanskaya oblast', +# Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast', +# Volgogradskaya oblast', Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast', +# Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya, +# Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya, +# Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya, +# Respublika Kareliya, Kirovskaya oblast', Respublika Komi, +# Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast', +# Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El, +# Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast', +# Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug, +# Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast', +# Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast', +# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg, Saratovskaya oblast', +# Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast', +# Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan, +# Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast', +# Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast', +# Yaroslavskaya oblast' Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 @@ -1739,6 +1807,9 @@ Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD +# +# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] +# Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 3:00 - KUYT 1930 Jun 21 # Kuybyshev 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s @@ -1746,59 +1817,115 @@ Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 J 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 4:00 Russia SAM%sT # Samara Time +# +# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] +# Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug, +# Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast', +# Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast', +# Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast', +# Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug. Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time +# +# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] +# Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'. Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 6:00 Russia OMS%sT -# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29): -# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! -# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; -# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching -# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. +# +# Novosibirskaya oblast'. Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # says Shanks 6:00 Russia NOV%sT +# +# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] +# Kemerovskaya oblast', Krasnoyarskij kraj, +# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug, Tomskaya oblast', +# Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug. Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 7:00 Russia KRA%sT +# +# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] +# Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast', +# Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug. Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 8:00 Russia IRK%sT +# +# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] +# Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast', +# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'. +# +# From Alan Pritchard (2001-08-24): [The Sakha districts are:] +# Aldansky, Amginsky, Anabarsky, Bulunsky, Churapchinsky, +# Eveno-Bytantaisky, Gorny, Khangalassky, Kobyaisky, Lensky, +# Megino-Kangalassky, Mirninsky, Namsky, Nyurbinsky, Olenyoksky, +# Olyokminsky, Srednekolymsky, Suntarsky, Tattinsky, Ust-Aldansky, +# Verkhnekolymsky, Verkhnevilyuisky, Vilyuisky, Zhigansky. Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 9:00 Russia YAK%sT +# +# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] +# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj, +# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). +# +# From Alan Pritchard (2001-08-24): [The Sakha districts are:] +# Tomponsky, Ust-Maisky, Ust-Yansky, Verkhoyansky. Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 10:00 Russia VLA%sT +# +# Sakhalinskaya oblast'. +# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. +Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 + 9:00 - CJT 1938 + 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25 + 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T. + 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s + 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s + 10:00 Russia SAK%sT +# +# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] +# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). +# +# From Alan Pritchard (2001-08-24): [The Sakha districts are:] +# Abyisky, Allaikhovsky, Momsky, Nizhnekolymsky, Oimyakonsky. Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 11:00 Russia MAG%sT -# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. +# +# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] +# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug. +# +# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 12:00 Russia PET%sT +# +# Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/northamerica,v retrieving revision 2001.3 retrieving revision 2001.3.0.1 diff -pu -r2001.3 -r2001.3.0.1 --- northamerica 2001/06/05 17:48:22 2001.3 +++ northamerica 2001/10/02 06:13:03 2001.3.0.1 @@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ Rule US 1987 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 # See the file "australasia". -# US Eastern time, represented by New York +# US eastern time, represented by New York # Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida, # Georgia, far southeastern Indiana, eastern Kentucky, Maine, @@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ Zone America/New_York -4:56:02 - LMT 188 -5:00 NYC E%sT 1967 -5:00 US E%sT -# US Central time, represented by Chicago +# US central time, represented by Chicago # Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle, Illinois, western Indiana # corners, Iowa, most of Kansas, western Kentucky, Louisiana, @@ -232,11 +232,16 @@ Zone America/Chicago -5:50:36 - LMT 1883 -6:00 US C%sT 1946 -6:00 Chicago C%sT 1967 -6:00 US C%sT +# Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25. +Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00 + -7:00 US M%sT 1992 Oct 25 02:00 + -6:00 US C%sT -# US Mountain time, represented by Denver +# US mountain time, represented by Denver # # Colorado, southern Idaho, far western Kansas, Montana, western -# Nebraska, New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota, far eastern Oregon, +# Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City), +# New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota, far eastern Oregon, # western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County, # and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming # @@ -256,7 +261,7 @@ Zone America/Denver -6:59:56 - LMT 1883 # US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles # -# California, northern Idaho, Nevada, most of Oregon, and Washington +# California, northern Idaho, most of Nevada, most of Oregon, and Washington # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER Rule CA 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00 1:00 D @@ -511,6 +516,13 @@ Link America/Louisville America/Kentucky # Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern # (-0500) time. They won't "fall back" this year. See Sara Shipley, # The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400). +# +# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16): +# The final rule was published in the +# <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=2000_register&docid=fr17au00-22"> +# Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), page 50154-50158. +# </a> +# Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT 1883 Nov 18 12:00 -6:00 US C%sT 1946 -6:00 - CST 1968 @@ -526,13 +538,20 @@ Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:2 # Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10 # West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10 # Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10 -# There is another change in the offing; Mercer County, ND is looking -# to change from MT to CT. It is possible that two other ND counties -# (Sioux and Morton) will look to change also. If made, the earliest -# a change would be effective is October 2001. # -# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): -# FIXME: I haven't yet had time to incorporate all the above changes. +# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17): +# We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS, +# so omit that change for now. +# See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change. +# See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change. +# West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on +# 1999-10-31. See the +# <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=1999_register&docid=fr21oc99-15"> +# Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), page 56705-56707. +# </a> +# However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated +# on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official; +# hence a separate tz entry is not needed. # Michigan # @@ -618,7 +637,7 @@ Link Pacific/Honolulu HST # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). # -# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source +# Gwillim Law writes that a good source # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries @@ -1077,9 +1096,9 @@ Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 - LMT # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): # <a href="http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html"> # Basic Facts: The New Territory -# </a> (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on Eastern time, +# </a> (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time, # and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST. We don't know when -# Pangnirtung switched to Eastern time; we'll guess 1995. +# Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995. # We'll ignore the claim about Coral Harbour for now, # since we have no further info. @@ -1334,6 +1353,15 @@ Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 # References: "Diario de Monterrey" <www.diariodemonterrey.com/index.asp> # Palabra <http://palabra.infosel.com/010331/primera/ppri3101.pdf> (2001-03-31) +# From Reuters (2001-09-04): +# Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was +# unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the +# capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation +# next year.... The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00 +# a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to +# standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not +# subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said. + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Mexico 1939 only - Feb 5 0:00 1:00 D Rule Mexico 1939 only - Jun 25 0:00 0 S @@ -1370,7 +1398,8 @@ Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 - LMT -7:00 - MST 1931 May 1 23:00 -6:00 - CST 1931 Oct -7:00 - MST 1932 Apr 1 - -6:00 Mexico C%sT + -6:00 Mexico C%sT 2001 Sep 30 02:00 + -6:00 - CST # Chihuahua Zone America/Chihuahua -7:04:20 - LMT 1921 Dec 31 23:55:40 -7:00 - MST 1927 Jun 10 23:00 @@ -1671,7 +1700,7 @@ Zone America/Jamaica -5:07:12 - LMT 1890 # Martinique # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Martinique -4:04:20 - LMT 1890 # Fort-de-France - -4:04 - FFMT 1911 May # Fort-de-France MT + -4:04:20 - FFMT 1911 May # Fort-de-France MT -4:00 - AST 1980 Apr 6 -4:00 1:00 ADT 1980 Sep 28 -4:00 - AST @@ -1697,7 +1726,7 @@ Rule Nic 1992 only - Jan 1 4:00 1:00 D Rule Nic 1992 only - Sep 24 0:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Managua -5:45:08 - LMT 1890 - -5:45 - MMT 1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time + -5:45:12 - MMT 1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time? -6:00 - CST 1973 May -5:00 - EST 1975 Feb 16 -6:00 Nic C%sT 1993 Jan 1 4:00 @@ -1707,7 +1736,7 @@ Zone America/Managua -5:45:08 - LMT 1890 # Panama # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Panama -5:18:08 - LMT 1890 - -5:20 - PMT 1908 Apr 22 # Panama Mean Time + -5:19:36 - CMT 1908 Apr 22 # Colon Mean Time -5:00 - EST # Puerto Rico @@ -1726,7 +1755,7 @@ Zone America/St_Kitts -4:10:52 - LMT 191 # St Lucia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/St_Lucia -4:04:00 - LMT 1890 # Castries - -4:04 - CMT 1912 # Castries Mean Time + -4:04:00 - CMT 1912 # Castries Mean Time -4:00 - AST # St Pierre and Miquelon =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/southamerica,v retrieving revision 2001.3 retrieving revision 2001.3.0.1 diff -pu -r2001.3 -r2001.3.0.1 --- southamerica 2001/06/05 17:48:23 2001.3 +++ southamerica 2001/10/02 06:13:03 2001.3.0.1 @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). # -# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source +# Gwillim Law writes that a good source # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries @@ -125,6 +125,29 @@ Rule Arg 2000 only - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - # de la Rua on March 2, 2000, because it would make people spend more energy # in the winter time, rather than less. The change took effect on March 3. # +# From Mariano Absatz (2001-06-06): +# one of the major newspapers here in Argentina said that the 1999 +# Timezone Law (which never was effectively applied) will (would?) be +# in effect.... The article is at +# http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-06/e-01701.htm +# ... The Law itself is "Ley No 25155", sanctioned on 1999-08-25, enacted +# 1999-09-17, and published 1999-09-21. The official publication is at: +# http://www.boletin.jus.gov.ar/BON/Primera/1999/09-Septiembre/21/PDF/BO21-09-... +# Regretfully, you have to subscribe (and pay) for the on-line version.... +# +# (2001-06-12): +# the timezone for Argentina will not change next Sunday. +# Apparently it will do so on Sunday 24th.... +# http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-12/s-03501.htm +# +# (2001-06-25): +# Last Friday (yes, the last working day before the date of the change), the +# Senate annulled the 1999 law that introduced the changes later postponed. +# http://www.clarin.com.ar/diario/2001-06-22/s-03601.htm +# It remains the vote of the Deputies..., but it will be the same.... +# This kind of things had always been done this way in Argentina. +# We are still -03:00 all year round in all of the country. +# # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # # Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF), Santa Cruz (SC), @@ -206,7 +229,7 @@ Zone America/Aruba -4:40:24 - LMT 1912 F # Bolivia # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890 - -4:32:36 - LPMT 1931 Oct 15 # La Paz Mean Time + -4:32:36 - CMT 1931 Oct 15 # Calamarca MT -4:32:36 1:00 BOST 1932 Mar 21 # Bolivia ST -4:00 - BOT # Bolivia Time @@ -382,8 +405,14 @@ Rule Brazil 2000 only - Feb 27 0:00 0 - # repeals DST in PE and RR, effective 2000-10-15 00:00. # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3632.jpg">3,632</a> (2000-10-17) # repeals DST in SE, AL, PB, RN, CE, PI and MA, effective 2000-10-22 00:00. +# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3916.gif">3,916</a> +# (2001-09-13) reestablishes DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE. +# +# The latest decree listed above says that the following states observe DST: +# AL, BA, CE, DF, ES, GO, MA, MG, MS, MT, +# PB, PE, PI, PR, RJ, RN, RS, SC, SE, SP, TO. # -# These give only one year's rules. After that, the rules are guesses +# For dates after mid-2002, the following rules are guesses # and are quite possibly wrong, but are more likely than no DST at all. Rule Brazil 2000 max - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S Rule Brazil 2001 max - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 - @@ -409,14 +438,16 @@ Zone America/Fortaleza -2:34:00 - LMT 19 -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1990 Sep 17 -3:00 - BRT 1999 Sep 30 -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2000 Oct 22 - -3:00 - BRT + -3:00 - BRT 2001 Sep 13 + -3:00 Brazil BR%sT # # Pernambuco (PE) (except Atlantic islands) Zone America/Recife -2:19:36 - LMT 1914 -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1990 Sep 17 -3:00 - BRT 1999 Sep 30 -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2000 Oct 15 - -3:00 - BRT + -3:00 - BRT 2001 Sep 13 + -3:00 Brazil BR%sT # # Tocantins (TO) Zone America/Araguaina -3:12:48 - LMT 1914 @@ -431,7 +462,8 @@ Zone America/Maceio -2:22:52 - LMT 1914 -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1996 Sep 4 -3:00 - BRT 1999 Sep 30 -3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2000 Oct 22 - -3:00 - BRT + -3:00 - BRT 2001 Sep 13 + -3:00 Brazil BR%sT # # Bahia (BA), Goias (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG), # Espirito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Sao Paulo (SP), Parana (PR), @@ -441,7 +473,7 @@ Zone America/Sao_Paulo -3:06:28 - LMT 19 -3:00 1:00 BRST 1964 -3:00 Brazil BR%sT # -# Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul +# Mato Grosso (MT), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) Zone America/Cuiaba -3:44:20 - LMT 1914 -4:00 Brazil AM%sT # @@ -726,7 +758,7 @@ Rule Peru 1994 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Peru 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Lima -5:08:12 - LMT 1890 - -5:09 - LMT 1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time + -5:08:36 - LMT 1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time? -5:00 Peru PE%sT # Peru Time # South Georgia @@ -811,6 +843,6 @@ Zone America/Montevideo -3:44:44 - LMT 1 # Venezuela # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Caracas -4:27:44 - LMT 1890 - -4:27:44 - CMT 1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time + -4:27:40 - CMT 1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time? -4:30 - VET 1965 # Venezuela Time -4:00 - VET =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/Theory,v retrieving revision 2001.1 retrieving revision 2001.1.0.1 diff -pu -r2001.1 -r2001.1.0.1 --- Theory 2001/03/13 17:57:31 2001.1 +++ Theory 2001/10/02 06:13:03 2001.1.0.1 @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ POSIX.1 has the following properties and stdoffset[dst[offset],date[/time],date[/time]] where: - + std and dst are 3 or more characters specifying the standard and daylight saving time (DST) zone names. @@ -179,11 +179,34 @@ so much the better. ----- Names of time zone rule files ----- -The names of this package's installed time zone rule files are chosen to -help minimize possible future incompatibilities due to political events. -Ordinarily, names of countries are not used, to avoid incompatibilities -when countries change their name (e.g. Zaire->Congo) or -when locations change countries (e.g. Hong Kong from UK colony to China). +The time zone rule file naming conventions attempt to strike a balance +among the following goals: + + * Uniquely identify every national region where clocks have all + agreed since 1970. This is essential for the intended use: static + clocks keeping local civil time. + + * Indicate to humans as to where that region is. This simplifes use. + + * Be robust in the presence of political changes. This reduces the + number of updates and backward-compatibility hacks. For example, + names of countries are ordinarily not used, to avoid + incompatibilities when countries change their name + (e.g. Zaire->Congo) or when locations change countries + (e.g. Hong Kong from UK colony to China). + + * Be portable to a wide variety of implementations. + This promotes use of the technology. + + * Use a consistent naming convention over the entire world. + This simplifies both use and maintenance. + +This naming convention is not intended for use by inexperienced users +to select TZ values by themselves (though they can of course examine +and reuse existing settings). Distributors should provide +documentation and/or a simple selection interface that explains the +names; see the 'tzselect' program supplied with this distribution for +one example. Names normally have the form AREA/LOCATION, where AREA is the name of a continent or ocean, and LOCATION is the name of a specific @@ -272,7 +295,7 @@ in decreasing order of importance: requires at least three characters for an abbreviation. POSIX.1-1996 says that an abbreviation cannot start with ':', and cannot contain ',', '-', - '+', NUL, or a digit. Draft 5 of POSIX 1003.1-200x + '+', NUL, or a digit. Draft 7 of POSIX 1003.1-200x changes this rule to say that an abbreviation can contain only '-', '+', and alphanumeric characters in the current locale. To be portable to both sets of @@ -397,8 +420,8 @@ Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.german Date: Tue, 9 Feb 1999 02:32:48 -800 Message-ID: <199902091032.CAA09644@netcom10.netcom.com> -The following is a(n incomplete) listing, arranged chronologically, of -European states, with the date they converted from the Julian to the +The following is a(n incomplete) listing, arranged chronologically, of +European states, with the date they converted from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar: 04/15 Oct 1582 - Italy (with exceptions), Spain, Portugal, Poland (Roman @@ -475,9 +498,9 @@ Gregorian calendar: 1760-1812 - Graub"unden -The Russian empire (including Finland and the Baltic states) did not +The Russian empire (including Finland and the Baltic states) did not convert to the Gregorian calendar until the Soviet revolution of 1917. -Source: H. Grotefend, _Taschenbuch der Zeitrechnung des deutschen -Mittelalters und der Neuzeit_, herausgegeben von Dr. O. Grotefend +Source: H. Grotefend, _Taschenbuch der Zeitrechnung des deutschen +Mittelalters und der Neuzeit_, herausgegeben von Dr. O. Grotefend (Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1941), pp. 26-28. =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/tz-art.htm,v retrieving revision 2001.3 retrieving revision 2001.3.0.1 diff -pu -r2001.3 -r2001.3.0.1 --- tz-art.htm 2001/06/05 17:49:55 2001.3 +++ tz-art.htm 2001/10/02 06:13:03 2001.3.0.1 @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ Todd Strait, drums</td></tr> <tr><td>Notes</td><td>CD notes "additional lyric by Karrin Allyson; arranged by Russ Long and Karrin Allyson"</td></tr> <tr><td>ADO Rating</td><td>1 star</td></tr> -<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A1fdovw9ta92k">AMG Rating</a></td><td>4 stars</td></tr> +<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A1fdovw9ta92k">AMG Rating</a></td><td>4 stars</td></tr> <tr><td>Penguin Rating</td><td>3.5 stars</td></tr> <tr><td> </td></tr> <tr><td>Artist</td><td>Kevin Mahogany</td></tr> @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ Ray Drummond, bass; Ralph Moore, tenor saxophone; Lewis Nash, drums</td></tr> <tr><td>ADO Rating</td><td>1.5 stars</td></tr> -<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=Akikbikzjbb19">AMG Rating</a></td><td>3 stars</td></tr> +<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=Akikbikzjbb19">AMG Rating</a></td><td>3 stars</td></tr> <tr><td>Penguin Rating</td><td>3 stars</td></tr> <tr><td> </td></tr> <tr><td>Artist</td><td>Joe Williams</td></tr> @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ The Robert Farnon [39 piece] Orchestra</ <tr><td>Notes</td><td>This CD is also available as part of a 3-CD package from Telarc, "Triple Play" (CD-83461)</td></tr> <tr><td>ADO Rating</td><td>black dot</td></tr> -<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=Amyyvad6kt8w1">AMG Rating</a></td><td>2 stars</td></tr> +<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=Amyyvad6kt8w1">AMG Rating</a></td><td>2 stars</td></tr> <tr><td>Penguin Rating</td><td>3 stars</td></tr> <tr><td> </td></tr> <tr><td>Artist</td><td>Charles Fambrough</td></tr> @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ Marion Simon, percussion</td></tr> <tr><td>Notes</td><td>On-line information and samples available at <a href="http://wwmusic.com/~music/audioq/rel/1033.html">http://wwmusic.com/~music/audioq/rel/1033.html</a></td></tr> <tr><td>ADO Rating</td><td>2 stars</td></tr> -<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A5rkcikcjbb89">AMG Rating</a></td><td>unrated</td></tr> +<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A5rkcikcjbb89">AMG Rating</a></td><td>unrated</td></tr> <tr><td>Penguin Rating</td><td>3 stars</td></tr> </table> <hr /> @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ David Piltch, string bass</td></tr> <tr><td>Notes</td><td>Lyrical reference to "Eastern Standard Time" in Tom Waits' "Purple Avenue"</td></tr> <tr><td>ADO Rating</td><td>2.5 stars</td></tr> -<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A3a9ds37ya3dg">AMG Rating</a></td><td>3 stars</td></tr> +<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A3a9ds37ya3dg">AMG Rating</a></td><td>3 stars</td></tr> <tr><td>Penguin Rating</td><td>unrated</td></tr> <tr><td> </td></tr> <tr><td>Artist</td><td>Milt Hinton</td></tr> @@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ and Good Time Charlie On-line samples available at <a href="http://www.chiaroscurojazz.com/albuminfo.php3?albumid=49">http://www.chiaroscurojazz.com/albuminfo.php3?albumid=49</a></td></tr> <tr><td>ADO Rating</td><td>3 stars</td></tr> -<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A1cbyxdab8ola">AMG Rating</a></td><td>4.5 stars</td></tr> +<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A1cbyxdab8ola">AMG Rating</a></td><td>4.5 stars</td></tr> <tr><td>Penguin Rating</td><td>3 stars</td></tr> <tr><td> </td></tr> <tr><td>Artist</td><td>Alan Broadbent</td></tr> @@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ Putter Smith, Bass; Frank Gibson, Jr., drums</td></tr> <tr><td>Notes</td><td>The CD cover features an analemma for equation-of-time fans</td></tr> <tr><td>ADO Rating</td><td>1 star</td></tr> -<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=Asl8zefuk8gfo">AMG Rating</a></td><td>4 stars</td></tr> +<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=Asl8zefuk8gfo">AMG Rating</a></td><td>4 stars</td></tr> <tr><td>Penguin Rating</td><td>3.5 stars</td></tr> <tr><td> </td></tr> <tr><td>Artist</td><td>Anthony Braxton/Richard Teitelbaum</td></tr> @@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ Leo Smith, trumpet and miscellaneous ins Leroy Jenkins, violin and miscellaneous instruments; Richard Teitelbaum, modular moog and micromoog synthesizer</td></tr> <tr><td>ADO Rating</td><td>black dot</td></tr> -<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A5bkvu3xjan1k">AMG Rating</a></td><td>unrated</td></tr> +<tr><td><a href="http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=A5bkvu3xjan1k">AMG Rating</a></td><td>unrated</td></tr> <tr><td> </td></tr> <tr><td>Artist</td><td>Jules Verne</td></tr> <tr><td>Book</td><td>Le Tour du Monde en Quatre-Vingts Jours =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/tz-link.htm,v retrieving revision 2001.3 retrieving revision 2001.3.0.2 diff -pu -r2001.3 -r2001.3.0.2 --- tz-link.htm 2001/06/05 17:48:21 2001.3 +++ tz-link.htm 2001/10/02 17:00:51 2001.3.0.2 @@ -40,12 +40,26 @@ including <a href="http://www.netbsd.org/">NetBSD</a>, <a href="http://www.openbsd.org/">OpenBSD</a>, <a href="http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/">DJGPP</a>, -<a href="http://unix.hp.com/operating/">HP-UX</a>, +<a href="http://www.hp.com/products1/unix/operating/index.html">HP-UX</a>, <a href="http://www.sgi.com/developers/technology/irix.html">IRIX</a>, -<a href="http://www.sco.com/products/openserver/">SCO OpenServer</a>, -<a href="http://www.sun.com/solaris/">Solaris</a>, -<a href="http://www.tru64unix.compaq.com/">Tru64</a>, and -<a href="http://www.sco.com/unixware/">UnixWare</a>.</p> +<a href="http://www.caldera.com/products/openunix/">Open UNIX</a>, +<a href="http://www.sun.com/solaris/">Solaris</a>, and +<a href="http://www.tru64unix.compaq.com/">Tru64</a>.</p> +<p> +Each location in the database represents a national region where all +clocks keeping local time have agreed since 1970. +Locations are identified by continent or ocean and then by the name of +the location, which is typically the largest city within the region. +For example, <code>America/New_York</code> +represents most of the US eastern time zone; +<code>America/Indianapolis</code> represents most of Indiana, which +uses eastern time without daylight saving time (DST); +<code>America/Detroit</code> represents most of Michigan, which uses +eastern time but with different DST rules in 1975; +and other entries represent smaller regions like Starke County, +Kentucky, which switched from central to eastern time in 1991. +To use the database, set the <code>TZ</code> environment variable to +the location's full name, e.g., <code>TZ="America/New_York"</code>.</p> <p> In the <code>tz</code> database's <a href="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/">FTP distribution</a>, @@ -53,19 +67,16 @@ the code is in the file <code>tzcode<var where <code><var>C</var></code> is the code's version; similarly, the data are in <code>tzdata<var>D</var>.tar.gz</code>, where <code><var>D</var></code> is the data's version. -The following shell commands use <a -href="http://www.gnu.org/software/wget/">GNU wget</a> to download +The following shell commands download these files to a GNU/Linux or similar host; see the downloaded <code>README</code> file for what to do next.</p> -<pre style="margin-left: 2em"><code>mkdir tz -cd tz -wget 'ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tz*.tar.gz' -gzip -dc tzcode*.tar.gz | tar -xf - +<pre style="margin-left: 2em"><code><a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/wget/">wget</a> 'ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tz*.tar.gz' +<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/gzip/">gzip</a> -dc tzcode*.tar.gz | <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/">tar</a> -xf - gzip -dc tzdata*.tar.gz | tar -xf - </code></pre> <p> The code lets you compile the <code>tz</code> source files into -machine-readable binary files, one for each location. It also lets +machine-readable binary files, one for each location. It also lets you read a <code>tz</code> binary file and interpret time stamps for that location.</p> <p> @@ -75,8 +86,7 @@ mailing list</a>. You can also <a href="mailto:tz-request@elsie.nci.nih.gov">subscribe</a> to the mailing list, or retrieve the <a href="ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/tzarchive.gz">archive of old -messages</a> (in <a href="http://www.gzip.org/">gzip</a> compressed -format).</p> +messages</a> (in gzip compressed format).</p> <p> The Web has several other sources for time zone and daylight saving time data. Here are some recent links that may be of interest. @@ -86,8 +96,8 @@ Here are some recent links that may be o <li><a href="http://www.bsdi.com/date/">Date and Time Gateway</a> is a text-based point-and-click interface to tables of current time throughout the world.</li> -<li><a href="http://sandbox.xerox.com/stewart/tzconvert.cgi">CGI/1.0 -URL Timezone Converter</a> is a similar interface, with source code +<li><a href="http://sandbox.xerox.com/stewart/tzconvert.cgi">Timezone +Converter</a> is a similar interface, with source code written in <a href="http://www.perl.org/">Perl</a>, using what Paul Stewart calls the "20-line hack no one will let me forget".</li> <li>Fancier web interfaces, roughly in ascending order of complexity, include: @@ -108,7 +118,8 @@ is a web interface to a time zone databa </ul> <h2>Other <code>tz</code> compilers</h2> <ul> -<li><a href="http://www.karuna.freeserve.co.uk/vzic.tgz">Vzic</a> +<li><a href="http://primates.ximian.com/~damon/icalendar/">Olson -> +VTIMEZONE Converter</a> describes a program Vzic that compiles <code>tz</code> source into VTIMEZONE text as specified by the <a href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2445.txt">iCalendar</a> specification published by the <a @@ -165,10 +176,13 @@ is another time zone database.</li> contains data from the Time Service Department of the US Naval Observatory (USNO), used as the source for the <code>usno*</code> files in the <code>tz</code> distribution.</li> -<li>The <a href="http://www.iata.org/">International -Air Transport Association</a> -publishes the <a href="http://www.iata.org/sked/ssim.htm">Standard -Schedules Information Manual</a>, +<li><a href="http://www.airportcitycodes.com/aaa/">Airlines, Airplanes +and Airports</a> lists current standard times for thousands of +airports around the world. This seems to be derived from +the <a href="http://www.iata.org/sked/ssim.htm">Standard +Schedules Information Manual</a> of the +the <a href="http://www.iata.org/">International Air Transport +Association</a>, which gives current time zone rules for all the airports served by commercial aviation.</li> </ul> @@ -176,20 +190,19 @@ all the airports served by commercial av <ul> <li>The <a href="http://www.odci.gov/">United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)</a> publishes a <a -href="http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/reference/Low%20res%20PDF/low802700.pdf">time +href="http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/ref/pdf/802801.pdf">time zone map</a>; the -<a href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/Libs/PCL/Map_collection/world_maps.html"> -Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection</a> +<a +href="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world.html">Perry-Castañeda +Library Map Collection</a> of the University of Texas at Austin has copies of recent editions. The pictorial quality is good, but the maps do not indicate summer time, and parts of the data are a few years out of date.</li> -<li><a href="http://worldtimezone.com/">World timezones map with -current time</a> -has several fancy time zone maps; it covers Russia particularly well. -The maps' pictorial quality is not quite as good as the CIA's -but the maps are more up to date.</li> +<li><a href="http://wwg.lgg.ru/russia/timezone.html" +hreflang="ru">Map of Russian Federation time zones (in Russian)</a> +has a wealth of information about Russian time zones.</li> </ul> <h2>Time zone boundaries</h2> <ul> @@ -202,6 +215,9 @@ Time Zones</a> publishes the same data i <li>The US Geological Survey's National Atlas of the United States publishes the <a href="http://www.nationalatlas.gov/timeznm.html">Time Zones of the United States</a> in the public domain.</li> +<li>The National Weather Service publishes <a +href="http://isl715.nws.noaa.gov/mapdata/newcat/county/county_all.htm">outlines +of US counties and their time zones</a> in the public domain.</li> <li>The GeoCommunity lists several commercial sources for <a href="http://spatialnews.geocomm.com/features/timezones/">International Time Zones and Time Zone Data</a>.</li> @@ -226,6 +242,10 @@ time zone boundary.</li> href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html#more">Australia's Daylight Saving Times</a> contains pointers to government records and to histories of daylight saving.</dd> +<dt>Belgium</dt> +<dd>The Royal Observatory of Belgium maintains a table of <a +href="http://www.astro.oma.be/GENERAL/INFO/nli001a.html" +hreflang="nl">time in Belgium (in Dutch)</a>.</dd> <dt>Brazil</dt> <dd>The Time Service Department of the National Observatory records <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html" @@ -238,7 +258,7 @@ href="http://www.nrc.ca/inms/time/tze.ht Saving Time</a>.</dd> <dt>Germany</dt> <dd>The National Institute for Science and Technology maintains the <a -href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">Realisation of +href="http://www.ptb.de/en/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">Realisation of Legal Time in Germany</a>.</dd> <dt>Israel</dt> <dd>The Ministry of Interior periodically issues <a @@ -257,7 +277,10 @@ covers the history of local time in the <dd><a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/">History of legal time in Britain</a> is an excellent discussion for the country -with perhaps the best-documented history of clock adjustments.</dd> +with perhaps the best-documented history of clock adjustments. +The National Physical Laboratory also maintains an <a +href="http://www.npl.co.uk/npl/ctm/summer_time_archive.html">archive +of summer time dates</a>.</dd> </dl></li> </ul> <h2>Precision timekeeping</h2> @@ -266,7 +289,7 @@ with perhaps the best-documented history href="http://literature.agilent.com/litwebbin/purl.cgi?org_id=tmo&pub_id=5965-7984E">The Science of Timekeeping</a> is an excellent and thorough introduction to the theory and practice of precision timekeeping.</li> -<li><a href="http://www.eecis.udel.edu/~ntp/">Time Server</a> discusses +<li><a href="http://www.ntp.org/">Time Server</a> discusses the Network Time Protocol (NTP), used to synchronize clocks of Internet hosts.</li> <li><a href="http://ecco.bsee.swin.edu.au/chronos/GMT-explained.html">A @@ -305,9 +328,9 @@ has plans to report on this proposal by <li> <a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/iso-time.html">A Summary of the International Standard Date and Time Notation</a> is a good -summary of <a href="http://www.iso.ch/markete/8601.pdf">ISO +summary of ISO 8601:1988 - Data elements and interchange formats - Information interchange -- Representation of dates and times</a> (which has been superseded by +- Representation of dates and times (which has been superseded by <a href="http://www.iso.ch/cate/d26780.html">ISO 8601:2000</a>).</li> <li> Section 3.3 of <a @@ -316,9 +339,19 @@ specifies the time notation used in emai href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2616.txt">HTTP</a> headers.</li> <li> <a -href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-impp-datetime-03.txt">Date +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-impp-datetime-04.txt">Date and Time on the Internet: Timestamps</a> proposes an ISO 8601 profile for use in new Internet protocols.</li> +<li> +Alphabetic time zone abbreviations should not be used as unique +identifiers for UTC offsets as they are ambiguous in practice. For +example, "EST" denotes 5 hours behind UTC in English-speaking North +America, but it denotes 10 or 11 hours ahead of UTC in Australia; +and French-speaking North Americans prefer "HNE" to "EST". For +compatibility with <a href="http://www.pasc.org/#POSIX">POSIX</a> the +<code>tz</code> database contains English abbreviations for all time +stamps but in many cases these are merely inventions of the database +maintainers.</li> </ul> <h2>Related indexes</h2> <ul> =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/zone.tab,v retrieving revision 2001.3 retrieving revision 2001.3.0.1 diff -pu -r2001.3 -r2001.3.0.1 --- zone.tab 2001/06/05 17:48:23 2001.3 +++ zone.tab 2001/10/02 06:13:03 2001.3.0.1 @@ -123,10 +123,10 @@ CK -2114-15946 Pacific/Rarotonga CL -3327-07040 America/Santiago most locations CL -2710-10927 Pacific/Easter Easter Island & Sala y Gomez CM +0403+00942 Africa/Douala -CN +4545+12641 Asia/Harbin north Manchuria -CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai China coast -CN +2934+10635 Asia/Chungking China mountains -CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Tibet & Xinjiang +CN +3114+12128 Asia/Shanghai most eastern locations +CN +4545+12641 Asia/Harbin Heilongjiang +CN +2934+10635 Asia/Chongqing central China +CN +4348+08735 Asia/Urumqi Tibet & most of Xinjiang CN +3929+07559 Asia/Kashgar Eastern Turkestan CO +0436-07405 America/Bogota CR +0956-08405 America/Costa_Rica @@ -168,9 +168,10 @@ GE +4143+04449 Asia/Tbilisi GF +0456-05220 America/Cayenne GH +0533-00013 Africa/Accra GI +3608-00521 Europe/Gibraltar -GL +7030-02215 America/Scoresbysund east Greenland -GL +6411-05144 America/Godthab southwest Greenland -GL +7634-06847 America/Thule northwest Greenland +GL +6411-05144 America/Godthab most locations +GL +7646-01840 America/Danmarkshavn Danmarkshavn +GL +7030-02215 America/Scoresbysund Scoresbysund / Ittoqqortoormiit +GL +7634-06847 America/Thule Thule / Pituffik and environs GM +1328-01639 Africa/Banjul GN +0931-01343 Africa/Conakry GP +1614-06132 America/Guadeloupe @@ -239,7 +240,7 @@ ML +1446-00301 Africa/Timbuktu northeast MM +1647+09610 Asia/Rangoon MN +4755+10653 Asia/Ulaanbaatar most locations MN +4801+09139 Asia/Hovd Bayan-Olgiy, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan -#MN +4804+11430 Asia/Choibalsan Dornod, Sukhbaatar (unsure about this) +MN +4804+11430 Asia/Choibalsan Dornod, Sukhbaatar MO +2214+11335 Asia/Macao MP +1512+14545 Pacific/Saipan MQ +1436-06105 America/Martinique @@ -305,7 +306,8 @@ RU +5601+09250 Asia/Krasnoyarsk Moscow+0 RU +5216+10420 Asia/Irkutsk Moscow+05 - Lake Baikal RU +6200+12940 Asia/Yakutsk Moscow+06 - Lena River RU +4310+13156 Asia/Vladivostok Moscow+07 - Amur River -RU +5934+15048 Asia/Magadan Moscow+08 - Magadan & Sakhalin +RU +4658+14242 Asia/Sakhalin Moscow+07 - Sakhalin Island +RU +5934+15048 Asia/Magadan Moscow+08 - Magadan RU +5301+15839 Asia/Kamchatka Moscow+09 - Kamchatka RU +6445+17729 Asia/Anadyr Moscow+10 - Bering Sea RW -0157+03004 Africa/Kigali @@ -363,6 +365,7 @@ US +411745-0863730 America/Indiana/Knox US +384452-0850402 America/Indiana/Vevay Eastern Standard Time - Indiana - Switzerland County US +415100-0873900 America/Chicago Central Time US +450628-0873651 America/Menominee Central Time - Michigan - Wisconsin border +US +470659-1011757 America/North_Dakota/Center Central Time - North Dakota - Oliver County US +394421-1045903 America/Denver Mountain Time US +433649-1161209 America/Boise Mountain Time - south Idaho & east Oregon US +364708-1084111 America/Shiprock Mountain Time - Navajo