A recent meta-analysis of energy savings due to daylight-saving time found a mean effect close to zero (the weighted mean of 0.343% was less than the estimated standard error). The largest energy savings from DST was found in high-latitude countries; areas closer to the equator tended to have negative energy savings. Studies published in journals with high impact factors tended to be more pessimistic about energy-savings benefits. The study concluded, "the effects of daylight saving time on energy consumption are too small to justify the biannual time-shifting." Havranek T, Herman D, Irsova Z. Does daylight saving save energy? a meta-analysis. MPRA Paper No. 74518 (2016-10-12). https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/74518/1/MPRA_paper_74518.pdf