Here are proposed changes to help keep the tz database up to date. Some changes noted below take effect as soon as this weekend. As usual, thanks to everyone who writes in and keeps us up-to-date. * Pakistan will observe daylight saving from the first Sunday after the first Saturday in April at 00:00 until October 15 at 00:00. (Thanks to Rives McDow for the heads-up, and to Jesper Norgaard for digging up a written reference, with different rules alas.) * Estonia will start observing daylight saving time again this year, using EU rules. (Thanks to Toomas Soome for this info.) * This year, Mexico will change back to using US daylight-saving rules. (Thanks to Jesper Norgaard Welen for this info.) * Starting next month, Paraguay observes DST from the first Sunday in September at 00:00 to the first Sunday in April at 00:00. (Thanks to Rives McDow for this info.) * Ujung Pandang has changed its name to Makassar. (Thanks to Priyadi Iman Nurcahyo for this info.) * Update Argentine historical time zone info, after reviewing an Argentine web site devoted to the subject, along with the corrections that Shanks made in his 5th edition. (Thanks to Javier Reinoso for the heads-up.) This results in the following changes: - No DST was observed from mid-1974 through mid-1988. - 1966/1967 DST ended on 1967-04-02, not 1967-04-01. - Argentine standard time was introduced 1894-10-31, not 1894-11-01. - Argentine standard time from 1894-10-31 through 1920-04-30 was -4:16:48.25, not -4:16:44. - Rosario and Cordoba have the same time zone history since 1970, so we should mark the America/Rosario Zone as obsolescent. - Many of the transition dates in 1991 and 1992 are incorrect. * It appears that there was widespread disagreement about the clocks in Argentina in 1991 and 1992. Record what Shanks writes, as comments, even though we may not agree with them. * Update the web page as follows: - Fix out-of-date URLs for Shanks's books, Russian time zones, Israeli announcements, Langley's notes, McCarthy & Klepczynski's proposal. - Fix out-of-date title for NTP. - Use briefer text for Pollastri's web page. (I still have a some minor changes queued up for Canada which I have not had time to review carefully, but they can wait.) =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/asia,v retrieving revision 2002.2 retrieving revision 2002.2.0.1 diff -pu -r2002.2 -r2002.2.0.1 --- asia 2002/01/28 17:56:02 2002.2 +++ asia 2002/03/25 06:42:59 2002.2.0.1 @@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 M 7:30 - WIT 1964 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1 7:00 - WIT -Zone Asia/Ujung_Pandang 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 +Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug @@ -1094,13 +1094,36 @@ Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920 4:00 - GST # Pakistan + +# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): +# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a # +TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 # +and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was # +told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the # +00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. + +# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): +# Jesper Norgaard found this URL: +# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm +# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to # +advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first # +Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on # +15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, # +but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like # +it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday # and +Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the # +transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. + +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Pakistan 2002 max - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Pakistan 2002 max - Oct 15 0:00 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time - 5:00 - PKT # Pakistan Time + 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time # Palestine =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/europe,v retrieving revision 2002.2 retrieving revision 2002.2.0.1 diff -pu -r2002.2 -r2002.2.0.1 --- europe 2002/01/28 17:56:02 2002.2 +++ europe 2002/03/25 06:42:59 2002.2.0.1 @@ -853,6 +853,10 @@ Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 J # no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all # the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. +# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): +# [On Feb 12] the Estonian government has changed once again timezone +politics. # Now we are using again EU rules. + # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time @@ -865,7 +869,8 @@ Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1 - 2:00 - EET + 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 12 + 2:00 EU EE%sT # Finland # =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/northamerica,v retrieving revision 2001.4 retrieving revision 2001.4.0.1 diff -pu -r2001.4 -r2001.4.0.1 --- northamerica 2001/10/09 17:31:31 2001.4 +++ northamerica 2002/03/25 06:42:59 2001.4.0.1 @@ -1362,6 +1362,12 @@ Zone America/Dawson -9:17:40 - LMT 1900 # standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not # subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said. +# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2002-03-12): +# ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all +insisted # that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST +in Mexico.... # http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html +# confirms this. Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not +applied. + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Mexico 1939 only - Feb 5 0:00 1:00 D Rule Mexico 1939 only - Jun 25 0:00 0 S @@ -1373,8 +1379,10 @@ Rule Mexico 1950 only - Feb 12 0:00 1:00 Rule Mexico 1950 only - Jul 30 0:00 0 S Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D Rule Mexico 1996 2000 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S -Rule Mexico 2001 max - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D -Rule Mexico 2001 max - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Mexico 2001 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Mexico 2001 only - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S +Rule Mexico 2002 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D +Rule Mexico 2002 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # Quintana Roo Zone America/Cancun -5:47:04 - LMT 1922 Jan 1 0:12:56 =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/southamerica,v retrieving revision 2001.4 retrieving revision 2001.4.0.1 diff -pu -r2001.4 -r2001.4.0.1 --- southamerica 2001/10/09 17:31:31 2001.4 +++ southamerica 2002/03/25 06:42:59 2001.4.0.1 @@ -79,18 +79,11 @@ Rule Arg 1963 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - Rule Arg 1963 only - Dec 15 0:00 1:00 S Rule Arg 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 - Rule Arg 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Arg 1967 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Arg 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 - Rule Arg 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Arg 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 - Rule Arg 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S Rule Arg 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - -Rule Arg 1974 1976 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Arg 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 - -Rule Arg 1985 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Arg 1986 only - Mar 14 0:00 0 - -Rule Arg 1986 1987 - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Arg 1987 only - Feb 13 0:00 0 - -Rule Arg 1988 only - Feb 7 0:00 0 - Rule Arg 1988 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S # # From Hernan G. Otero <hernan@isoft.com.ar> (1995-06-26): @@ -148,76 +141,97 @@ Rule Arg 2000 only - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - # This kind of things had always been done this way in Argentina. # We are still -03:00 all year round in all of the country. # +# +# From Paul Eggert (2002-01-22): +# <a href="http://www.spicasc.net/horvera.html"> +# Hora de verano para la Republica Argentina (2000-10-01) +# </a> says that standard time in Argentina from 1894-10-31 +# to 1920-05-01 was -4:16:48.25. Go with this more-precise value # +over Shanks. + +# Unless otherwise specified, data are from Shanks through 1992, from # +the IATA otherwise. As noted below, Shanks says that # America/Cordoba +split into 7 subregions during 1991/1992, but we # haven't verified +this yet so for now we'll keep it a single region. # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] # # Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF), Santa Cruz (SC), # Tierra del Fuego, Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur (TF) -Zone America/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT 1894 Nov - -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time +Zone America/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT 1894 Oct 31 + -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 - -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3 0:00 - -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3 0:00 + -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3 + -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3 -3:00 - ART # # Santa Fe (SF), Entre Rios (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN), Chaco (CC), -# Formosa (FM), La Pampa (LP), Chubut (CH) -Zone America/Rosario -4:02:40 - LMT 1894 Nov - -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May - -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec - -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 - -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Jul - -3:00 - ART 1999 Oct 3 0:00 - -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3 0:00 - -3:00 - ART +# Formosa (FM), Salta (SA), Tucuman (TM), Santiago del Estero (SE), # +Cordoba (CB), La Rioja (LR), San Juan (SJ), San Luis (SL), La Pampa +(LP), # Neuquen (NQ), Rio Negro (RN), Chubut (CH) # +# Shanks also makes the following claims, which we haven't verified: +# - Formosa switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-07. +# - La Rioja and San Juan switched to -4:00 on 1991-03-01 +# and then to 03:00 on 1991-05-07. +# - Misiones switched to -3:00 on 1990-12-29. +# - Chaco switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-04. +# - San Luis switched to -4:00 on 1990-03-14, then to -3:00 on 1990-10-15, +# then to -4:00 on 1991-03-01, then to -3:00 on 1991-06-01. +# - Santiago del Estero switched to -4:00 on 1991-04-01, +# then to -3:00 on 1991-04-26. +# If we need to add Zones for these areas, we may need to have a subdirectory +# for Argentina, as e.g. "America/San_Luis" is too ambiguious. # -# Cordoba (CB), Santiago del Estero (SE), Salta (SA), Tucuman (TM), La Rioja (LR), San Juan (SJ), San Luis (SL), -# Neuquen (NQ), Rio Negro (RN) -Zone America/Cordoba -4:16:44 - LMT 1894 Nov - -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May +Zone America/Cordoba -4:16:48 - LMT 1894 Oct 31 + -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 - -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1990 Jul - -3:00 - ART 1999 Oct 3 0:00 - -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3 0:00 + -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Mar 3 + -4:00 - WART 1991 Oct 20 + -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3 + -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3 -3:00 - ART # # Jujuy (JY) -Zone America/Jujuy -4:21:12 - LMT 1894 Nov - -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May +Zone America/Jujuy -4:21:12 - LMT 1894 Oct 31 + -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 - -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Mar 3 + -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1990 Mar 4 + -4:00 - WART 1990 Oct 28 + -4:00 1:00 WARST 1991 Mar 17 -4:00 - WART 1991 Oct 6 - -4:00 1:00 WARST 1992 Mar 15 - -4:00 - WART 1992 Oct 18 - -3:00 - ART 1999 Oct 3 0:00 - -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3 0:00 + -3:00 1:00 ARST 1992 + -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3 + -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3 -3:00 - ART # # Catamarca (CT) -Zone America/Catamarca -4:23:08 - LMT 1894 Nov - -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May +Zone America/Catamarca -4:23:08 - LMT 1894 Oct 31 + -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 - -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1990 Jul - -3:00 - ART 1991 Jul - -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1992 Jul - -3:00 - ART 1999 Oct 3 0:00 - -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3 0:00 + -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Mar 3 + -4:00 - WART 1991 Oct 20 + -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3 + -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3 -3:00 - ART # # Mendoza (MZ) -Zone America/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT 1894 Nov - -4:16:44 - CMT 1920 May +Zone America/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT 1894 Oct 31 + -4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May -4:00 - ART 1930 Dec -4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5 - -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Mar 3 + -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1990 Mar 4 + -4:00 - WART 1990 Oct 15 + -4:00 1:00 WARST 1991 Mar 1 -4:00 - WART 1991 Oct 15 -4:00 1:00 WARST 1992 Mar 1 -4:00 - WART 1992 Oct 18 - -3:00 - ART 1999 Oct 3 0:00 - -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3 0:00 + -3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3 + -4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3 -3:00 - ART # Aruba @@ -729,12 +743,19 @@ Rule Para 1996 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 - # From Jesper Norgaard (2001-03-06) [an official URL saying similar things]: # http://gateway.abc.com.py:8000/pub/pag04.mbr/artic?FHA=2001-03-03-02.24.52.9... # -Rule Para 1996 max - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Para 1996 2001 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Mar 1; go with Shanks. Rule Para 1997 only - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 - # Shanks says 1999-02-28; IATA SSIM (1999-02) says 1999-02-27, but # (1999-09) reports no date; go with above sources and Gerd Knops (2001-02-27). -Rule Para 1998 max - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - +Rule Para 1998 2001 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - +# From Rives McDow (2002-02-28): +# A decree was issued in Paraguay (no. 16350) on 2002-02-26 that +changed the # dst method to be from the first Sunday in September to +the first Sunday in # April. +Rule Para 2002 max - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 - +Rule Para 2002 max - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S + # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone America/Asuncion -3:50:40 - LMT 1890 =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/zone.tab,v retrieving revision 2002.2 retrieving revision 2002.2.0.1 diff -pu -r2002.2 -r2002.2.0.1 --- zone.tab 2002/01/28 17:56:03 2002.2 +++ zone.tab 2002/03/25 06:42:59 2002.2.0.1 @@ -41,8 +41,7 @@ AQ -7824+10654 Antarctica/Vostok Vostok AQ -6640+14001 Antarctica/DumontDUrville Dumont-d'Urville Base, Terre Adelie AQ -690022+0393524 Antarctica/Syowa Syowa Station, E Ongul I AR -3436-05827 America/Buenos_Aires E Argentina (BA, DF, SC, TF) -AR -3257-06040 America/Rosario NE Argentina (SF, ER, CN, MN, CC, FM, LP, CH) -AR -3124-06411 America/Cordoba W Argentina (CB, SA, TM, LR, SJ, SL, NQ, RN) +AR -3124-06411 America/Cordoba most locations (CB,CC,CH,CN,ER,FM,LP,LR,MN,NQ,RN,SA,SE,SF,SJ,SL,TM) AR -2411-06518 America/Jujuy Jujuy (JY) AR -2828-06547 America/Catamarca Catamarca (CT) AR -3253-06849 America/Mendoza Mendoza (MZ) @@ -189,7 +188,7 @@ HT +1832-07220 America/Port-au-Prince HU +4730+01905 Europe/Budapest ID -0610+10648 Asia/Jakarta Java & Sumatra ID -0002+10920 Asia/Pontianak west & central Borneo -ID -0507+11924 Asia/Ujung_Pandang east & south Borneo, Celebes, Bali, Nusa Tengarra, west Timor +ID -0507+11924 Asia/Makassar east & south Borneo, Celebes, Bali, Nusa Tengarra, west Timor ID -0232+14042 Asia/Jayapura Irian Jaya & the Moluccas IE +5320-00615 Europe/Dublin IL +3146+03514 Asia/Jerusalem =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/backward,v retrieving revision 2002.2 retrieving revision 2002.2.0.1 diff -pu -r2002.2 -r2002.2.0.1 --- backward 2002/01/28 17:56:02 2002.2 +++ backward 2002/03/25 06:42:59 2002.2.0.1 @@ -8,11 +8,13 @@ Link America/Tijuana America/Ensenada Link America/Indianapolis America/Fort_Wayne Link America/Indiana/Knox America/Knox_IN Link America/Rio_Branco America/Porto_Acre +Link America/Cordoba America/Rosario Link America/St_Thomas America/Virgin Link Asia/Ashgabat Asia/Ashkhabad Link Asia/Chongqing Asia/Chungking Link Asia/Dhaka Asia/Dacca Link Asia/Macau Asia/Macao +Link Asia/Makassar Asia/Ujung_Pandang Link Asia/Jerusalem Asia/Tel_Aviv Link Asia/Thimphu Asia/Thimbu Link Asia/Ulaanbaatar Asia/Ulan_Bator =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/tz-link.htm,v retrieving revision 2002.2 retrieving revision 2002.2.0.1 diff -pu -r2002.2 -r2002.2.0.1 --- tz-link.htm 2002/01/28 17:56:03 2002.2 +++ tz-link.htm 2002/03/27 06:40:37 2002.2.0.1 @@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content='text/html; charset="US-ASCII"' /> <meta name="DC.Creator" content="Eggert, Paul" /> <meta name="DC.Contributor" content="Olson, Arthur David" /> -<meta name="DC.Date" content="2001-05-30" /> +<meta name="DC.Date" content="2002-03-26" /> <meta name="DC.Description" content="Sources of information about time zones and daylight saving time" /> <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="http://www.twinsun.com/tz/tz-link.htm" /> @@ -107,8 +107,6 @@ World</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.convertit.com/Go/ConvertIt/World_Time/Current_Time.ASP">Current Time in 1000 Places</a></li> <li><a href="http://timezoneconverter.com/">Time Zone Converter</a></li> </ul></li> -<li><a href="http://www.tick2tock.com/cgi-bin/TZConverter">Tick2Tock -time zone converter</a> is a multilingual interface.</li> <li><a href="http://www.holidayfestival.com/">The Worldwide Holiday & Festival Site</a> lists DST-related clock changes along with holidays.</li> @@ -164,7 +162,7 @@ Microsoft Windows program.</li> - Atlas Query</a> is Astrodienst's Web version of Shanks's excellent time zone history atlases published in both <a href="http://astrocom.com/software/pcatlas.html">computer</a> and <a -href="http://astrocom.com/books/xrefa.htm#SHANKS">book</a> form by <a +href="http://astrocom.com/books/xrefa.php#SHANKS">book</a> form by <a href="http://astrocom.com/">Astro Communications Services</a>.</li> <li><a href="http://worldtime.com/">WORLDTIME: interactive atlas, time info, public holidays</a> @@ -200,9 +198,11 @@ recent editions. The pictorial quality is good, but the maps do not indicate summer time, and parts of the data are a few years out of date.</li> -<li><a href="http://wwg.lgg.ru/russia/timezone.html" -hreflang="ru">Map of Russian Federation time zones (in Russian)</a> -has a wealth of information about Russian time zones.</li> +<li><a href="http://worldtimezone.com/">World timezones map with +current time</a> has several fancy time zone maps; it covers Russia +particularly well. The maps' pictorial quality is not quite as good as +the CIA's but the maps are more up to date.</li> </ul> <h2>Time zone boundaries</h2> <ul> @@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ Saving Time - History, rationale, laws a is a good overall history of DST.</li> <li><a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/">The Time of Internet</a> -contains good descriptions of Time Zones and daylight saving time, +describes time zones and daylight saving time, with diagrams. The time zone map is out of date, however.</li> <li><a href="http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm">A History of @@ -261,8 +261,8 @@ Saving Time</a>.</dd> href="http://www.ptb.de/en/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">Realisation of Legal Time in Germany</a>.</dd> <dt>Israel</dt> -<dd>The Ministry of Interior periodically issues <a -href="ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements" +<dd>The Interior Ministry periodically issues <a +href="ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/" hreflang="he">announcements (in Hebrew)</a>.</dd> <dt>Mexico</dt> <dd>The Investigation and Analysis Service of the Mexican Library of @@ -289,10 +289,11 @@ of summer time dates</a>.</dd> href="http://literature.agilent.com/litwebbin/purl.cgi?org_id=tmo&pub_id=5965-7984E">The Science of Timekeeping</a> is an excellent and thorough introduction to the theory and practice of precision timekeeping.</li> -<li><a href="http://www.ntp.org/">Time Server</a> discusses +<li><a href="http://www.ntp.org/">Time Synchronization Server</a> +discusses the Network Time Protocol (NTP), used to synchronize clocks of Internet hosts.</li> -<li><a href="http://ecco.bsee.swin.edu.au/chronos/GMT-explained.html">A +<li><a href="http://gauss.gge.unb.ca/GMT.UT.and.the.RGO.txt" +charset="macintosh">A Few Facts Concerning GMT, UT, and the RGO</a> answers questions like "What is the difference between GMT and UTC?"</li> <li><a @@ -313,11 +314,10 @@ the Earth Orientation Parameters Product International Earth Rotation Service, the committee that decides when leap seconds occur.</li> <li>The <a -href="http://clockdev.usno.navy.mil/archives/leapsecs.html">Leap +href="http://rom.usno.navy.mil/cgi-bin/wa">Leap Second Discussion List</a> covers <a -href="http://clockdev.usno.navy.mil/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A3=ind00&L=leapsecs&P=28537&E=2&B=------_=_NextPart_000_01C0781C.F015C5B0&N=GPS-Nov99_Innov.pdf&T=application/octet-stream">McCarthy -and Klepczynski's proposal to discontinue leap seconds</a> -(which requires discussion list membership to read). +href="http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m0BPW/11_10/57821998/p1/article. +jhtml">McCarthy +and Klepczynski's proposal to discontinue leap seconds</a>. This proposal is being studied by the URSI Commission J <a href="http://space.mit.edu/URSI/leapsecond.html">Working Group on the Leap Second</a>, and the IAU