The Chilean news means the tz database is out of date for today's time in Chile. Here's a proposed update to the tz database to fix this, along with some other changes that I've been accumulating. The following proposed changes affect the data: * Chile is delaying end of DST to April 4 this year, due to the drought. Thanks to Julio I. Pacheco Troncoso for this info. * New zone Antarctica/Syowa, thanks to Hideyuki Suzuki. * The ChileAQ rules were incorrect in `antarctica'; propagate Chile changes. The following proposed changes affect commentary only: * Update URLs in WWW.htm. The CIA is publishing their time zone map again. Add worldtimezone.com link. * Update comments for Israel, thanks to Ephraim Silverberg. * Add comment for the new Nunavut territory that comes into being next week. * Update comments for Derek Howse's book, which has been reissued. * Move calendrical comments from `europe' to `Theory'; add Grotefend's info and a brief discussion. * Update comments about obscure places that we still lack time zone data for. =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/Theory,v retrieving revision 1997.9 retrieving revision 1997.9.1.1 diff -pu -r1997.9 -r1997.9.1.1 --- Theory 1997/12/29 14:31:49 1997.9 +++ Theory 1999/03/22 22:51:41 1997.9.1.1 @@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ Time and date functions Names of time zone regions Time zone abbreviations + Calendrical issues ----- Time and date functions ----- @@ -283,3 +284,156 @@ in practice: e.g. `EST' has a different it does in the United States. In new applications, it's often better to use numeric UTC offsets like `-0500' instead of time zone abbreviations like `EST'; this avoids the ambiguity. + + +----- Calendrical issues ----- + +Calendrical issues are a bit out of scope for a time zone database, +but they indicate the sort of problems that we would run into if we +extended the time zone database further into the past. An excellent +resource in this area is Nachum Dershowitz and Edward M. Reingold, +<a href="http://emr.cs.uiuc.edu/home/reingold/calendar-book/index.shtml"> +Calendrical Calculations +</a>, Cambridge University Press (1997). Other information and +sources are given below. They sometimes disagree. + + +France + +Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20. +French Revolutionary calendar used 1793-11-24 through 1805-12-31, +and (in Paris only) 1871-05-06 through 1871-05-23. + + +Russia + +From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-12-02): +On 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an ``Eternal Calendar'' +with 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week. +On 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the +Gregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it +reverted to the 7-day week. With the 6-day week the usual days +off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month. +(Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_) + + +Sweden (and Finland) + +From: msb@sq.com (Mark Brader) +<a href="news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com"> +Subject: Re: Gregorian reform -- a part of locale? +</a> +Date: 1996-07-06 + +In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden +decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of +those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap +year after 1696 would be in 1744 -- putting the whole country on a calendar +different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years. + +However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through; +they did, after all, have a leap year that year. And one in 1708. In 1712 +they gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that +year!... + +Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner, +getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule. + +(A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers +produced the following references to support it: "Tiderakning och historia" +by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tiderakning och +kalendervasen" by Lars-Olof Lode'n (no date was given).) + + +Grotefend's data + +From: "Michael Palmer" <mpalmer@netcom.com> +Subject: Re: Gregorian Calendar (was Re: Another FHC related question +Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.german +Date: Tue, 9 Feb 1999 02:32:48 -800 +Message-ID: <199902091032.CAA09644@netcom10.netcom.com> + +The following is a(n incomplete) listing, arranged chronologically, of +European states, with the date they converted from the Julian to the +Gregorian calendar: + +04/15 Oct 1582 - Italy (with exceptions), Spain, Portugal, Poland (Roman + Catholics and Danzig only) +09/20 Dec 1582 - France, Lorraine + +21 Dec 1582/ + 01 Jan 1583 - Holland, Brabant, Flanders, Hennegau +10/21 Feb 1583 - bishopric of Liege (L"uttich) +13/24 Feb 1583 - bishopric of Augsburg +04/15 Oct 1583 - electorate of Trier +05/16 Oct 1583 - Bavaria, bishoprics of Freising, Eichstedt, Regensburg, + Salzburg, Brixen +13/24 Oct 1583 - Austrian Oberelsass and Breisgau +20/31 Oct 1583 - bishopric of Basel +02/13 Nov 1583 - duchy of J"ulich-Berg +02/13 Nov 1583 - electorate and city of K"oln +04/15 Nov 1583 - bishopric of W"urzburg +11/22 Nov 1583 - electorate of Mainz +16/27 Nov 1583 - bishopric of Strassburg and the margraviate of Baden +17/28 Nov 1583 - bishopric of M"unster and duchy of Cleve +14/25 Dec 1583 - Steiermark + +06/17 Jan 1584 - Austria and Bohemia +11/22 Jan 1584 - Luzern, Uri, Schwyz, Zug, Freiburg, Solothurn +12/23 Jan 1584 - Silesia and the Lausitz +22 Jan/ + 02 Feb 1584 - Hungary (legally on 21 Oct 1587) + Jun 1584 - Unterwalden +01/12 Jul 1584 - duchy of Westfalen + +16/27 Jun 1585 - bishopric of Paderborn + +14/25 Dec 1590 - Transylvania + +22 Aug/ + 02 Sep 1612 - duchy of Prussia + +13/24 Dec 1514 - Pfalz-Neuburg + + 1617 - duchy of Kurland (reverted to the Julian calendar in + 1796) + + 1624 - bishopric of Osnabr"uck + + 1630 - bishopric of Minden + +15/26 Mar 1631 - bishopric of Hildesheim + + 1655 - Kanton Wallis + +05/16 Feb 1682 - city of Strassburg + +18 Feb/ + 01 Mar 1700 - Protestant Germany (including Swedish possessions in + Germany), Denmark, Norway +30 Jun/ + 12 Jul 1700 - Gelderland, Zutphen +10 Nov/ + 12 Dec 1700 - Utrecht, Overijssel + +31 Dec 1700/ + 12 Jan 1701 - Friesland, Groningen, Z"urich, Bern, Basel, Geneva, + Turgau, and Schaffhausen + + 1724 - Glarus, Appenzell, and the city of St. Gallen + +01 Jan 1750 - Pisa and Florence + +02/14 Sep 1752 - Great Britain + +17 Feb/ + 01 Mar 1753 - Sweden + +1760-1812 - Graub"unden + +The Russian empire (including Finland and the Baltic states) did not +convert to the Gregorian calendar until the Soviet revolution of 1917. + +Source: H. Grotefend, _Taschenbuch der Zeitrechnung des deutschen +Mittelalters und der Neuzeit_, herausgegeben von Dr. O. Grotefend +(Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1941), pp. 26-28. =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/WWW.htm,v retrieving revision 1999.2 retrieving revision 1999.2.1.1 diff -pu -r1999.2 -r1999.2.1.1 --- WWW.htm 1999/02/01 20:29:30 1999.2 +++ WWW.htm 1999/03/22 22:51:41 1999.2.1.1 @@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ where <samp><var>C</var></samp> is the c similarly, the data are in <samp>tzdata<var>D</var>.tar.gz</samp>, where <samp><var>D</var></samp> is the data's version. <P> -The <A HREF="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/libc.html">GNU C Library</A> +The <A HREF="http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/">GNU C Library</A> has an independent, thread-safe implementation of a time zone file reader that is compatible with <samp>zoneinfo</samp>. This library is freely available under the GNU Library General Public License, @@ -34,10 +34,10 @@ and is widely used in GNU/Linux systems. The Web has several other sources for time zone and daylight saving time data. Here are some recent links that may be of interest. <UL> -<LI><A HREF="http://www.bsdi.com/date">Date and Time Gateway</A> +<LI><A HREF="http://www.bsdi.com/date/">Date and Time Gateway</A> is a text-based source for tables of current time throughout the world. Its point-and-click interface accesses a recent version of the tz data. -<LI><A HREF="http://www.worldtime.com/">WORLDTIME: interactive atlas, +<LI><A HREF="http://worldtime.com/">WORLDTIME: interactive atlas, time info, public holidays</A> contains information on local time, sunrise and sunset, and public holidays in several hundred cities around the world. @@ -48,8 +48,9 @@ the live data provide a nice way to chec <LI><A HREF="http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/tzones.html">World Time Zones</A> contains US Naval Observatory data, used as the source for the <samp>usno*</samp> files. -<LI>The United States Central Intelligence agency publishes time zone maps; -the +<LI>The United States Central Intelligence Agency publishes a +<A HREF="http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/figures/802597.jpg">time +zone map</A>; the <A HREF="http://www.lib.utexas.edu/Libs/PCL/Map_collection/world_maps.html"> Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection</A> of the University of Texas at Austin has on-line copies of @@ -57,6 +58,10 @@ recent editions. The pictorial quality is good, but the maps do not indicate summer time, and parts of the data are a few years out of date. +<LI><A HREF="http://worldtimezone.com/"><SAMP>Worldtimezone.com</SAMP></A> +has several fancy time zone maps; it covers Russia particularly well. +The maps' pictorial quality is not quite as good as the CIA's +and (as usual with maps) the maps are not quite up to date. <LI><A HREF="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/toi.html">The Time of Internet</A> contains good descriptions of Time Zones and daylight saving time, @@ -65,7 +70,7 @@ The time zone map is out of date, howeve <LI><A HREF="http://ecco.bsee.swin.edu.au/chronos/GMT-explained.html">A Few Facts Concerning GMT, UT, and the RGO</A> answers questions like ``What is the difference between GMT and UTC?'' -<LI><A HREF="http://www.energy.ca.gov/daylightsaving.html">Daylight +<LI><A HREF="http://energy.ca.gov/daylightsaving.html">Daylight Saving Time -- Saving Time, Saving Energy</A> is a history of DST in the US. <LI><A HREF="http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/Measurements_and_Units/Time/Time_Zones/">Yahoo! - Science:Measurements and Units:Time:Time Zones</A> @@ -82,7 +87,7 @@ when leap seconds occur. </UL> <P> -- <A HREF="mailto:eggert@twinsun.com">eggert@twinsun.com</A> -(1998-09-22) +(1999-03-22) </P> <H2>Arthur David Olson writes:</H2><P> A good source of information about =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/africa,v retrieving revision 1999.2 retrieving revision 1999.2.1.1 diff -pu -r1999.2 -r1999.2.1.1 --- africa 1999/02/01 20:29:32 1999.2 +++ africa 1999/03/22 22:51:41 1999.2.1.1 @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1997-10-05): +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-03-22): # # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition), @@ -24,8 +24,7 @@ # I found in the UCLA library. # # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is -# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude, -# Oxford University Press (1980). +# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Antique Collectors Club (1997). # # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, @@ -470,7 +469,8 @@ Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 - LMT 1 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA # Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA -# Gough (scientific station since 1955): on GMT, says the CIA +# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): +# on GMT, says the CIA # Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT # Sao Tome and Principe @@ -522,7 +522,7 @@ Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1 # on 1994-04-03 at 00:00. # # Marion and Prince Edward Is -# weather station since 1947 +# scientific station since 1947 # no information # Sudan =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/antarctica,v retrieving revision 1998.5 retrieving revision 1998.5.1.2 diff -pu -r1998.5 -r1998.5.1.2 --- antarctica 1998/05/28 13:56:13 1998.5 +++ antarctica 1999/03/22 22:57:05 1998.5.1.2 @@ -1,14 +1,13 @@ # @(#)antarctica 7.14 -# From Paul Eggert (1997-03-28): -# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; -# see -# <a href="http://earth.agu.org/amen/nations.html"> +# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22): +# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see +# <a href="http://www.delm.tas.gov.au/comnap/members.html"> # Antarctic Activities of Member Nations of the Antarctic Treaty (1996-05-24) # </a> # and # <a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm"> -# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1996-09-05) +# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23) # </a> # for information. # Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information. @@ -28,8 +27,12 @@ Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 Rule ArgAQ 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 - Rule ArgAQ 1974 1976 - Oct Sun<=7 0:00 1:00 S Rule ArgAQ 1975 1977 - Apr Sun<=7 0:00 0 - -Rule ChileAQ 1969 max - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S -Rule ChileAQ 1970 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 - +Rule ChileAQ 1969 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S +Rule ChileAQ 1970 1998 - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 - +Rule ChileAQ 1998 only - Sep 27 0:00 1:00 S +Rule ChileAQ 1999 only - Apr 4 0:00 0 - +Rule ChileAQ 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S +Rule ChileAQ 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 - # Argentina - 6 year-round bases @@ -38,6 +41,7 @@ Rule ChileAQ 1970 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 # Australia - territories # Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited) +# previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered # # year-round bases # Casey, Bailey Peninsula, since 1969 @@ -89,9 +93,10 @@ Zone Antarctica/Mawson 0 - ___ 1954 Feb # Martin-de-Vivies Base, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950 # Alfred-Faure Base, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964 # Port-aux-Francais, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951; -# a whaling and sealing station operated 1908-14, 1920-29, and 1951-56 +# whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956 # -# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited since 1931 +# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited +# fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931 # # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Indian/Kerguelen 0 - ___ 1950 # Port-aux-Francais @@ -123,6 +128,22 @@ Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 - ___ 1 # Japan - year-round bases # Dome Fuji # Syowa +# +# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06): +# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time. [See] +# <a href="http://www.crl.go.jp/uk/uk201/basyo.htm">[reference in Japanese]</a> +# and information from KAMO Hiroyasu <wd@ics.nara-wu.ac.jp>. +# +# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan, +# was established on 1957-01-29. Since Syowa station is still the main +# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location. +# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] +Zone Antarctica/Syowa 0 - ___ 1957 Jan 29 + 3:00 - SYOT # Syowa Time +# See: +# <a href="http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/jare.html"> +# Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) (1998-04-09) +# </a> # S Korea - year-round base # King Sejong, King George Island, since 1988 @@ -169,10 +190,12 @@ Rule NZAQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 # British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims # South Orkney Islands # scientific station from 1903 -# whaling station at Signy I 1920-1926 +# whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926 # South Shetland Islands -# whaling station at Deception I 1912-1931 -# scientific station from 1943 +# whaling station at Deception I 1912/1931 +# scientific station from 1943; +# previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident, +# and a garrison was deployed briefly # # year-round bases # Halley, Coates Land, -7535-2619, since 1956-01-06 =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/asia,v retrieving revision 1999.2 retrieving revision 1999.2.1.1 diff -pu -r1999.2 -r1999.2.1.1 --- asia 1999/02/01 20:29:31 1999.2 +++ asia 1999/03/22 22:52:56 1999.2.1.1 @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ -# @(#)asia 7.41 +# @(#)asia 7.42 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-03-22): # # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition), @@ -25,8 +25,7 @@ # I found in the UCLA library. # # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is -# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude, -# Oxford University Press (1980). +# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Antique Collectors Club (1997). # # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. @@ -562,13 +561,12 @@ Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S # ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz # # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. -# The official announcement for the year 1997 can be viewed at: # -# ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1997.ps.gz +# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: # -# The official announcement for the year 1998 can be viewed at: +# ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz # -# ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1998.ps.gz +# where YYYY is the relevant year. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D @@ -950,7 +948,7 @@ Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct # no information # Philippines -# Howse writes (p 162) that until 1844 the Philippines kept American date. +# Howse writes that until 1844 the Philippines kept American date. # The rest of this data is from Shanks. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/australasia,v retrieving revision 1999.2 retrieving revision 1999.2.1.1 diff -pu -r1999.2 -r1999.2.1.1 --- australasia 1999/02/01 20:29:31 1999.2 +++ australasia 1999/03/22 22:52:56 1999.2.1.1 @@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT # # Macquarie # permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; -# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888-1917 +# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 # no information # # Manihiki, Penrhyn, Rakehanga @@ -319,11 +319,13 @@ Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 Chatham CHA%s # Auckland Is -# uninhabited +# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, +# and scientific personnel have wintered # Campbell I -# minor whaling stations operated 1909-14 -# scientific station operated 1941-1995 +# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 +# scientific station operated 1941/1995; +# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered # was probably like Pacific/Auckland ############################################################################### @@ -452,7 +454,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-03-22): # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995). @@ -471,8 +473,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # I found in the UCLA library. # # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is -# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude, -# Oxford University Press (1980). +# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Antique Collectors Club (1997). # # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. @@ -896,7 +897,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # Fiji -# Howse writes (p 162) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji +# Howse writes that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on +12:00. # Perhaps it didn't take. We go with Shanks's more precise date in 1915. @@ -933,7 +934,7 @@ Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 # N Mariana Is, Guam -# Howse writes (p 162) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the +# Howse writes ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. # Ignore this for now, as we have no hard data. See also Asia/Manila. =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/europe,v retrieving revision 1999.2 retrieving revision 1999.2.1.1 diff -pu -r1999.2 -r1999.2.1.1 --- europe 1999/02/01 20:29:31 1999.2 +++ europe 1999/03/22 22:52:56 1999.2.1.1 @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-03-22): # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is # Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition), # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995). @@ -46,8 +46,7 @@ # 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow # # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, -# is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude, -# Oxford University Press (1980). +# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Antique Collectors Club (1997). # From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04), # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, @@ -74,7 +73,6 @@ ############################################################################### # Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) -# The UK and its colonies adopted the Gregorian calendar on 1752-09-14. # From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06): # @@ -1170,7 +1168,6 @@ Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 # see Yugosloavia # Czech Republic -# Gregorian calendar adopted 1584-01-17. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - @@ -1187,7 +1184,6 @@ Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 1:00 EU CE%sT # Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland -# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - @@ -1279,7 +1275,6 @@ Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 2:00 EU EE%sT # Finland -# See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted. # # From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC): # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, @@ -1299,9 +1294,6 @@ Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 2:00 EU EE%sT # France -# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20. -# French Revolutionary calendar used 1793-11-24 through 1805-12-31, -# and (in Paris only) 1871-05-06 through 1871-05-23. # # Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman. # From Shanks (1991): @@ -1451,7 +1443,6 @@ Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Se 2:00 EU EE%sT # Hungary -# Gregorian calendar adopted 1587-11-01. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - @@ -1543,7 +1534,6 @@ Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1 0:00 - GMT # Italy -# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15. # # From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06): # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri @@ -1816,7 +1806,6 @@ Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 1:00 EU CE%sT # Norway -# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks. Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S @@ -1881,7 +1870,6 @@ Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 # Stick with W-Eur for now. # Portugal -# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15. # # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12): # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone @@ -2006,15 +1994,6 @@ Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 # Russia -# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-12-02): -# On 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an ``Eternal Calendar'' -# with 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week. -# On 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the -# Gregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it -# reverted to the 7-day week. With the 6-day week the usual days -# off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month. -# (Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_) -# # From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): # Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations, # and (unless otherwise specified) guessed what happened after 1991. @@ -2134,7 +2113,6 @@ Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava # see Yugoslavia # Spain -# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks. Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S @@ -2205,32 +2183,6 @@ Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. # Sweden - -# From: msb@sq.com (Mark Brader) -# <a href="news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com"> -# Subject: Re: Gregorian reform -- a part of locale? -# </a> -# Date: 1996-07-06 -# -# In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden -# decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of -# those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap -# year after 1696 would be in 1744 -- putting the whole country on a calendar -# different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years. -# -# However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through; -# they did, after all, have a leap year that year. And one in 1708. In 1712 -# they gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that -# year!... -# -# Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner, -# getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule. -# -# (A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers -# produced the following references to support it: "Tiderakning och historia" -# by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tiderakning och -# kalendervasen" by Lars-Olof Lode'n (no date was given).) - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31 1:12:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT @@ -2240,9 +2192,7 @@ Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 1:00 EU CE%sT # Switzerland -# The Gregorian calendar was introduced gradually in Switzerland, -# by omitting leap years during 1583-1812. -# From Howse (1988), p 82: +# From Howse: # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace # and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep # mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/northamerica,v retrieving revision 1999.2 retrieving revision 1999.2.1.1 diff -pu -r1999.2 -r1999.2.1.1 --- northamerica 1999/02/01 20:29:31 1999.2 +++ northamerica 1999/03/22 22:52:56 1999.2.1.1 @@ -5,10 +5,9 @@ # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). -# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-08-17): +# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-03-22): # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is -# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude, -# Oxford University Press (1980). +# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Antique Collectors Club (1997). ############################################################################### @@ -401,7 +400,7 @@ Zone America/Louisville -5:43:02 - LMT 1 # # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): # Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885 Sep 18, -# but Howse (p 126) writes that Detroit kept +# but Howse writes that Detroit kept # # local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should # be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time. Half the @@ -859,7 +858,7 @@ Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 - LMT -7:00 - MST -# Northwest Territories, Yukon +# Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon # From Paul Eggert (1996-10-07): # Dawson switched to PST in 1973. Inuvik switched to MST in 1979. =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/southamerica,v retrieving revision 1999.2 retrieving revision 1999.2.1.1 diff -pu -r1999.2 -r1999.2.1.1 --- southamerica 1999/02/01 20:29:32 1999.2 +++ southamerica 1999/03/22 22:52:56 1999.2.1.1 @@ -434,15 +434,21 @@ Zone America/Porto_Acre -4:31:12 - LMT 1 # DST earlier (saturday 9/26 at 24:00). This is a one-time change only ... # (unless there's another dry season next year, I guess). +# From Julio I. Pacheco Troncoso (1999-03-18): +# Because of the same drought, the government decided to end DST later, +# on April 3, (one-time change). + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S -Rule Chile 1918 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Chile 1919 only - Jul 2 0:00 0 - -Rule Chile 1927 1931 - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Chile 1928 1932 - Apr 1 0:00 0 - +Rule Chile 1918 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Chile 1919 only - Jul 2 0:00 0 - +Rule Chile 1927 1931 - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Chile 1928 1932 - Apr 1 0:00 0 - Rule Chile 1969 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S -Rule Chile 1970 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 - +Rule Chile 1970 1998 - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 - Rule Chile 1998 only - Sep 27 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Chile 1999 only - Apr 4 0:00 0 - Rule Chile 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S +Rule Chile 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 0:00 0 - # IATA SSIM anomalies: (1990-09) says 1990-09-16; (1992-02) says 1992-03-14; # (1996-09) says 1998-03-08. Ignore these for now. # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] @@ -584,7 +590,7 @@ Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 - L -2:00 - GST # South Georgia Time # South Sandwich Is -# uninhabited +# uninhabited; scientific personnel have wintered # Suriname # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/zone.tab,v retrieving revision 1999.2 retrieving revision 1999.2.1.1 diff -pu -r1999.2 -r1999.2.1.1 --- zone.tab 1999/02/01 20:29:32 1999.2 +++ zone.tab 1999/03/22 22:52:56 1999.2.1.1 @@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ AQ -6736+06253 Antarctica/Mawson Mawson AQ -6835+07758 Antarctica/Davis Davis Station, Vestfold Hills AQ -6617+11031 Antarctica/Casey Casey Station, Bailey Peninsula AQ -6640+14001 Antarctica/DumontDUrville Dumont-d'Urville Base, Terre Adelie +AQ -690022+0393524 Antarctica/Syowa Syowa Station, E Ongul I AR -3436-05827 America/Buenos_Aires E Argentina (BA, DF, SC, TF) AR -3257-06040 America/Rosario NE Argentina (SF, ER, CN, MN, CC, FM, LP, CH) AR -3124-06411 America/Cordoba W Argentina (CB, SA, TM, LR, SJ, SL, NQ, RN)