CLDR doesn't formally have offsets. What it has is data like:

en.xml
<metazone type="America_Eastern">
<long>
<generic>Eastern Time</generic>
<standard>Eastern Standard Time</standard>
<daylight>Eastern Daylight Time</daylight>
</long>
<short>
<generic>ET</generic>
<standard>EST</standard>
<daylight>EDT</daylight>
</short>
</metazone>

de.xml
<metazone type="America_Eastern">
<long>
<generic>Nordamerikanische Ostküstenzeit</generic>
<standard>Nordamerikanische Ostküsten-Normalzeit</standard>
<daylight>Nordamerikanische Ostküsten-Sommerzeit</daylight>
</long>
</metazone>

(Note that abbreviations are only included if they'd be commonly recognized.)

Each metazones represent a set names that can be used across multiple TZ ids. There can be overrides by TZ id, such as the current:

<zone type="Europe/London">
<long>
<daylight>British Summer Time</daylight>
</long>
</zone>
<zone type="Europe/Dublin">
<long>
<daylight>Irish Standard Time</daylight>
</long>
</zone>

Both of these inherit

<standard>Greenwich Mean Time</standard>

So a current implementation, with no changes, will get for Europe/Dublin:

<standard>Greenwich Mean Time</standard>
<daylight>Irish Standard Time</daylight>


Different clients will use the data in different ways. The source for ICU, for example, reformats to a key-value map:

        "meta:America_Eastern"{
            ld{"Eastern Daylight Time"}
            lg{"Eastern Time"}
            ls{"Eastern Standard Time"}
            sd{"EDT"}
            sg{"ET"}
            ss{"EST"}
        }

The normal interpretation of "standard" and "daylight" keywords or equivalents is that:

standard_offset = 0
daylight_offset ≠ 0

Mark

On Wed, Jan 24, 2018 at 10:44 AM, Guy Harris <guy@alum.mit.edu> wrote:
On Jan 23, 2018, at 11:55 AM, Yoshito Umaoka <yoshito_umaoka@us.ibm.com> wrote:

> CLDR does not determine offsets.

Stephen Colebourne claimed that CLDR determines whether to use the standard or daylight time strings by comparing the "raw offset" (presumably meaning "the offset during standard time") with the "actual offset" (presumably meaning "the offset during daylight savings time").

Therefore, it *must* know those offsets, otherwise it cannot compare them.

So let me rephrase the question:

        How does CLDR obtain those offsets?