From 77ebc392193c38fb5ac8df2c545716e5c7c60502 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
Date: Fri, 29 Aug 2025 17:52:39 -0700
Subject: [PROPOSED 6/8] Prefer UTF-8 in files facing the public on GitHub

* CONTRIBUTING, README, SECURITY: Prefer UTF-8.
* Makefile: Check those three files only for OK lines, not safe lines.
---
 CONTRIBUTING | 30 +++++++++++++++---------------
 Makefile     |  2 +-
 README       | 14 +++++++-------
 SECURITY     |  2 +-
 4 files changed, 24 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING b/CONTRIBUTING
index f6edbd3b..1f064fa0 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING
@@ -15,21 +15,21 @@ reliable sources that reviewers can check.
 ## Contributing technical changes
 
 To email small changes, please run a POSIX shell command like
-'diff -u old/europe new/europe >myfix.patch', and attach
-'myfix.patch' to the email.
+‘diff -u old/europe new/europe >myfix.patch’, and attach
+‘myfix.patch’ to the email.
 
 For more-elaborate or possibly controversial changes,
 such as renaming, adding or removing zones, please read
-"Theory and pragmatics of the tz code and data"
+“Theory and pragmatics of the tz code and data”
 <https://www.iana.org/time-zones/repository/theory.html>.
 It is also good to browse the mailing list archives
 <https://lists.iana.org/hyperkitty/list/tz@iana.org/>
 for examples of patches that tend to work well.
 Changes should contain commentary citing reliable sources.
-Citations should use "https:" URLs if available.
+Citations should use ‘https:’ URLs if available.
 
 For changes that fix sensitive security-related bugs, please see the
-distribution's 'SECURITY' file.
+distribution’s SECURITY file.
 
 Please submit changes against either the latest release
 <https://www.iana.org/time-zones> or the main branch of the development
@@ -54,11 +54,11 @@ If you use Git the following workflow may be helpful:
 
         git checkout -b mybranch
 
-  * Sleuth by using 'git blame'.  For example, when fixing data for
-    Africa/Sao_Tome, if the command 'git blame africa' outputs a line
-    '2951fa3b (Paul Eggert 2018-01-08 09:03:13 -0800 1068) Zone
-    Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884', commit 2951fa3b should
-    provide some justification for the 'Zone Africa/Sao_Tome' line.
+  * Sleuth by using ‘git blame’.  For example, when fixing data for
+    Africa/Sao_Tome, if the command ‘git blame africa’ outputs a line
+    ‘2951fa3b (Paul Eggert 2018-01-08 09:03:13 -0800 1068) Zone
+    Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884’, commit 2951fa3b should
+    provide some justification for the ‘Zone Africa/Sao_Tome’ line.
 
   * Edit source files.  Include commentary that justifies the
     changes by citing reliable sources.
@@ -69,16 +69,16 @@ If you use Git the following workflow may be helpful:
         ./zdump -v America/Los_Angeles
 
     Although builds assume only basic POSIX, they use extra features
-    if available.  'make check' accesses validator.w3.org unless you
-    lack 'curl' or use 'make CURL=:'.  If you have the latest GCC,
-    "make CFLAGS='$(GCC_DEBUG_FLAGS)'" does extra checking.
+    if available.  ‘make check’ accesses validator.w3.org unless you
+    lack ‘curl’ or use ‘make CURL=:’.  If you have the latest GCC,
+    ‘make CFLAGS='$(GCC_DEBUG_FLAGS)'’ does extra checking.
 
   * For each separable change, commit it in the new branch, e.g.:
 
         git add northamerica
         git commit
 
-    See recent 'git log' output for the commit-message style.
+    See recent ‘git log’ output for the commit-message style.
 
   * Create patch files 0001-..., 0002-..., ...
 
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ If you use Git the following workflow may be helpful:
         git send-email main
 
     For an archived example of such an email, see
-    "[PROPOSED] Fix off-by-1 error for Jamaica and T&C before 1913"
+    “[PROPOSED] Fix off-by-1 error for Jamaica and T&C before 1913”
     <https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-February/026122.html>.
 
   * Start anew by getting current with the main branch again
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 6767ba39..cf1b7606 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -894,7 +894,7 @@ character-set.ck: $(ENCHILADA)
 		sharp='#' && \
 		! grep -Env $(SAFE_LINE) $(MANS) date.1 \
 			$(MISC) $(SOURCES) \
-			CONTRIBUTING LICENSE README SECURITY \
+			LICENSE \
 			version tzdata.zi && \
 		! grep -Env $(SAFE_LINE)'|^UNUSUAL_OK_'$(OK_CHAR)'*$$' \
 			Makefile && \
diff --git a/README b/README
index edabd2e0..f22ec549 100644
--- a/README
+++ b/README
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 README for the tz distribution
 
-"Where do I set the hands of the clock?" -- Les Tremayne as The King
-"Oh that--you can set them any place you want." -- Frank Baxter as The Scientist
-					(from the Bell System film "About Time")
+“Where do I set the hands of the clock?” – Les Tremayne as The King
+“Oh that – you can set them any place you want.” – Frank Baxter as The Scientist
+					(from the Bell System film “About Time”)
 
 The Time Zone Database (called tz, tzdb or zoneinfo) contains code and
 data that represent the history of local time for many representative
@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ and daylight-saving rules.
 See <https://www.iana.org/time-zones/repository/tz-link.html> or the
 file tz-link.html for how to acquire the code and data.
 
-Once acquired, read the leading comments in the file "Makefile"
+Once acquired, read the leading comments in the file ‘Makefile’
 and make any changes needed to make things right for your system,
 especially when using a platform other than current GNU/Linux.
 
 Then run the following commands, substituting your desired
-installation directory for "$HOME/tzdir":
+installation directory for ‘$HOME/tzdir’:
 
 	make TOPDIR="$HOME/tzdir" install
 	"$HOME/tzdir/usr/bin/zdump" -v America/Los_Angeles
@@ -39,12 +39,12 @@ The information in the time zone data files is by no means authoritative;
 fixes and enhancements are welcome.  Please see the file CONTRIBUTING
 for details.
 
-Thanks to these Time Zone Caballeros who've made major contributions to the
+Thanks to these Time Zone Caballeros who’ve made major contributions to the
 time conversion package: Keith Bostic; Bob Devine; Paul Eggert; Robert Elz;
 Guy Harris; Mark Horton; John Mackin; and Bradley White.  Thanks also to
 Michael Bloom, Art Neilson, Stephen Prince, John Sovereign, and Frank Wales
 for testing work, and to Gwillim Law for checking local mean time data.
-Thanks in particular to Arthur David Olson, the project's founder and first
+Thanks in particular to Arthur David Olson, the project’s founder and first
 maintainer, to whom the time zone community owes the greatest debt of all.
 None of them are responsible for remaining errors.
 
diff --git a/SECURITY b/SECURITY
index 40128bc8..dbce8bbd 100644
--- a/SECURITY
+++ b/SECURITY
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 Please report any sensitive security-related bugs via email to the
 tzdb designated coordinators, currently Paul Eggert
 <eggert@cs.ucla.edu> and Tim Parenti <tim@timtimeonline.com>.
-Put "tzdb security" at the start of your email's subject line.
+Put “tzdb security” at the start of your email’s subject line.
 We prefer communications to be in English.
 
 You should receive a response within a week. If not, please follow up
-- 
2.48.1

