>From 73e69e765c3f482f5bb307445ae2259bd73e14c6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Paul Eggert Date: Wed, 15 Apr 2020 10:49:21 -0700 Subject: [PATCH] Shanghai observed DST in 1919 (Thanks to Phake Nick.) * NEWS: Mention this. * asia (Shang): DST observed in 1919 from Apr 12 24:00 to Sep 30 24:00. --- NEWS | 4 +++ asia | 114 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---- 2 files changed, 112 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-) diff --git a/NEWS b/NEWS index 548f68d..54b771b 100644 --- a/NEWS +++ b/NEWS @@ -23,6 +23,10 @@ Unreleased, experimental changes consistency with nearby Dawson Creek, Creston, and Fort Nelson. (Thanks to Tim Parenti.) + Changes to past timestamps + + Shanghai observed DST in 1919. (Thanks to Phake Nick.) + Changes to timezone identifiers To reflect current usage in English better, America/Godthab has diff --git a/asia b/asia index 11a1726..106efad 100644 --- a/asia +++ b/asia @@ -286,6 +286,27 @@ Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon # China +# From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): +# According to this news report: +# http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2004-09-01/19524201403.shtml +# on April 11, 1919, newspaper in Shanghai said clocks in Shanghai will spring +# forward for an hour starting from midnight of that Saturday. The report did +# not mention what happened in Shanghai thereafter, but it mentioned that a +# similar trial in Tianjin which ended at October 1st as citizens are told to +# recede the clock on September 30 from 12:00pm to 11:00pm. The trial at +# Tianjin got terminated in 1920. +# +# From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15): +# The Returns of Trade and Trade Reports, page 711, says "Daylight saving was +# given a trial during the year, and from the 12th April to the 1st October +# the clocks were all set one hour ahead of sun time. Though the scheme was +# generally esteemed a success, it was announced early in 1920 that it would +# not be repeated." +# +# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S +Rule Shang 1919 only - Apr 12 24:00 1:00 D +Rule Shang 1919 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S + # From Paul Eggert (2018-10-02): # The following comes from Table 1 of: # Li Yu. Research on the daylight saving movement in 1940s Shanghai. @@ -294,6 +315,89 @@ Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon # The table lists dates only; I am guessing 00:00 and 24:00 transition times. # Also, the table lists the planned end of DST in 1949, but the corresponding # zone line cuts this off on May 28, when the Communists took power. + +# From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): +# +# For the history of time in Shanghai between 1940-1942, the situation is +# actually slightly more complex than the table [below].... At the time, +# there were three different authorities in Shanghai, including Shanghai +# International Settlement, a settlement established by western countries with +# its own westernized form of government, Shanghai French Concession, similar +# to the international settlement but is controlled by French, and then the +# rest of the city of Shanghai, which have already been controlled by Japanese +# force through a puppet local government (Wang Jingwei regime). It was +# additionally complicated by the circumstances that, according to the 1940s +# Shanghai summer time essay cited in the database, some +# departments/businesses/people in the Shanghai city itself during that time +# period, refused to change their clock and instead only changed their opening +# hours. +# +# For example, as quoted in the article, in 1940, other than the authority +# itself, power, tram, bus companies, cinema, department stores, and other +# public service organizations have all decided to follow the summer time and +# spring forward the clock. On the other hand, the custom office refused to +# spring forward the clock because of worry on mechanical wear to the physical +# clock, postal office refused to spring forward because of disruption to +# business and log-keeping, although they did changed their office hour to +# match rest of the city. So is travel agents, and also weather +# observatory. It is said both time standards had their own supporters in the +# city at the time, those who prefer new time standard would have moved their +# clock while those who prefer the old time standard would keep their clock +# unchange, and there were different clocks that use different time standard +# in the city at the time for people who use different time standard to adjust +# their clock to their preferred time. +# +# a. For the 1940 May 31 spring forward, the essay claim that it was +# coordinared between the international settlement authority and the French +# concession authority and have gathered support from Hong Kong and Xiamen, +# that it would spring forward an hour from May 31 "midnight", and the essay +# claim "Hong Kong government implemented the spring forward in the same time +# on the same date as Shanghai". +# +# b. For the 1940 fall back, it was said that they initially intended to do +# so on September 30 00:59 at night, however they postponed it to October 12 +# after discussion with relevant parties. However schools restored to the +# original schedule ten days earlier. +# +# c. For the 1941 spring forward, it is said to start from March 15 +# "following the previous year's method", and in addition to that the essay +# cited an announcement in 1941 from the Wang regime which said the Special +# City of Shanghai under Wang regime control will follow the DST rule set by +# the Settlements, irrespective of the original DST plan announced by the Wang +# regime for other area under its control(April 1 to September 30). (no idea +# to situation before that announcement) +# +# d. For the 1941 fall back, it was said that the fall back would occurs at +# the end of September (A newspaper headline cited by the essay, published on +# October 1, 1941, have the headlines which said "French Concession would +# rewind to the old clock this morning), but it ultimately didn't happen due +# to disagreement between the international settlement authority and the +# French concession authority, and the fall back ultimately occurred on +# November 1. +# +# e. In 1941 December, Japan have officially started war with the United +# States and the United Kingdom, and in Shanghai they have marched into the +# international settlement, taken over its control +# +# f. For the 1942 spring forward, the essay said that the spring forward +# started on January 31. It said this time the custom office and postal +# department will also change their clocks, unlike before. +# +# g. The essay itself didn't cover any specific changes thereafter until the +# end of the war, it quoted a November 1942 command from the government of the +# Wang regime, which claim the daylight saving time applies year round during +# the war. However, the essay ambiguously said the period is "February 1 to +# September 30", which I don't really understand what is the meaning of such +# period in the context of year round implementation here.. More researches +# might be needed to show exactly what happened during that period of time. + +# From Phake Nick (2020-04-15): +# According to a Japanese tour bus pamphlet in Nanjing area believed to be +# from around year 1941: http://www.tt-museum.jp/tairiku_0280_nan1941.html , +# the schedule listed was in the format of Japanese time. Which indicate some +# use of the Japanese time (instead of syncing by DST) might have occurred in +# the Yangtze river delta area during that period of time although the scope +# of such use will need to be investigated to determine. # # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D @@ -582,9 +686,7 @@ Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I -# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be -# obtained from -# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm +# think 3:30 is correct. # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): # According to Singaporean newspaper @@ -695,10 +797,10 @@ Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # Resolution of the Legislative Council passed on 9 May 1979 # https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr78-79/english/lc_sitg/hansard/h790509.pdf#page=39 -# From Paul Eggert (2019-05-31): +# From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15): # Here are the dates given at -# https://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm -# as of 2014-06-19: +# https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/Summertime.htm +# as of 2020-02-10: # Year Period # 1941 15 Jun to 30 Sep # 1942 Whole year -- 2.17.1