September 2000 - tz - lists.iana.org

proposed tz change for Latvia, Lithuania
by Paul Eggert May 25, 2015

May 25, 2015

It's March Madness time for daylight-saving rule changes. Here's a proposed change to the tz database to keep up with the latest political development, which affects time stamps starting March 29: * Latvia and Lithuania will not observe DST, starting this year. Thanks to Andrei Ivanov for this info. =================================================================== RCS file: RCS/europe,v retrieving revision 2000.3 retrieving revision 2000.3.0.1 diff -pu -r2000.3 -r2000.3.0.1 --- europe 2000/03/04 15:31:08 2000.3 +++ europe 2000/03/08 17:48:59 2000.3.0.1 @@ -1135,6 +1135,12 @@ Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino # 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of # daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. +# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): +# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in +# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm"> +# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of +# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only). + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - @@ -1151,7 +1157,8 @@ Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 - 2:00 EU EE%sT + 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 + 2:00 - EET # Liechtenstein # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] @@ -1178,6 +1185,11 @@ Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was # already done by Estonia. +# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): +# I've heard that Ministers of three Baltic countries on their summit +# somewhere in February decided not to switch to summer time starting from +# this spring. + # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time @@ -1192,7 +1204,8 @@ Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u - 2:00 EU EE%sT + 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb + 2:00 - EET # Luxembourg # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.

5 5

Alternative place names?
by Oscar van Vlijmen Oct. 4, 2000

Oct. 4, 2000

> Jesper Nørgaard / Vietnam: Saigon vs. Ha Noi. > David Keegel / Theory file. > Gwillim Law / Theory file. > Vadim Vygonets / Saigon vs. Ha Noi and Jerusalem vs. Tel Aviv. > Paul Eggert / Jerusalem vs. Tel Aviv. > Gwillim Law / I think it's fine to put > alternative place names into the comments, but I hope we'll resist making > frequent changes to the zone names. One of the TZ prescriptions is: "Use the most populous among locations in a country's time zone, e.g. prefer `Shanghai' to `Beijing'. Among locations with similar populations, pick the best-known location, e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Milan'." The rationale of the 11 Theory prescriptions is of course: The user has to be able to find the wanted timezone immediately. I am NOT proposing to change the Theory rules, but I wonder: population count, popularity, media exposure all change, a capital hardly or not. A capital is or should be known to everybody. Haven't we all had some kind of geography lessons, years or decades ago? If in a TZ application the end user is able to see the commented alternative names, then in some cases alternatives should be mentioned in the data files. If not, mentioning alternatives still could be useful to the developers of Windows, Macintosh and web derivatives of the TZ application. > Paul Eggert, Vadim Vygonets, Antoine Leca / China: Chongqing A recurring problem is that people inside and outside of China don't like the official pinyin transliteration. Most professional map makers however use pinyin. Officially (Peking University course) the q- sound is an aspirated voiceless affricate, with j- the unaspirated voiceless counterpart. In practice j- sounds more like the (voiced!) g- in English genuine and q- more like the ch- in English chew. How Chongqing is pronounced in Chongqing I do not know. What I do know is that Chongqing is the official pinyin transliteration. Chung is a British transliteration (Wade, 1867), indeed: tch'ong is the French EFEO (1902) transliteration, but k'ing is the French transliteration for pinyin qing, whereas ch'ing would be the British transliteration. I'll vote for pinyin Chongqing. > Antoine Leca / Cambodia: Phnum Penh There is a (Unicode) "Proposal for encoding the Khmer script", by Maurice Bauhahn, a proposal to ISO-IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2. This is not a Romanization proposal, but in this document I found a reference to: American Library Association - Library of Congress romanization tables: transliteration schemes for non-Roman scripts approved by the Library of Congress and the American Library Association, Randall K. Barry, ed. 1997, isbn 0844409405. Who has access to these tables? See also the ISO/TC46/SC2 working groups for international transliteration standards (http://www.elot.gr/tc46sc2/) I suggest: Phnom_Penh as zone name, Phnum Penh in comment. > Gwillim Law / Do not change established names unless they become ambiguous or > shockingly incorrect. Yes, but established by whom? And what would you call shockingly incorrect? To some people it's shockingly incorrect to say Kirgizstan instead of Kyrgyzstan, but a certain influential publication or whoever 'established' an alternative transliteration. Where to draw the line? > Vadim Vygonets / Kirgizstan BTW: Kyrgyz is not a Russian (Slavonic) language, but a Turkic language, and -i- and -y- indeed do sound different. > Paul Eggert / Hong Kong, Macao, Harbin, Urumqi, Kashgar. I'll vote for these as zone names; one could put more or less common or official alternatives in comments. Alternatives to Kashgar: Kaxgar, Kashi. Oscar van Vlijmen 2000-09-27

7 8

Capitals
by Oscar van Vlijmen Oct. 4, 2000

Oct. 4, 2000

> Garrett Wollman: > Many time-zone regions do not have a `capital' of any sort. To give > just one example, the time zone `America/Los_Angeles' has three > `capitals': Sacramento, Salem, and Olympia. None of these are obvious > choices. `America/Chicago' has even more possibilities. Dunno, the book "The world almanac and book of facts", World Almanac Books, 1998, gives on page 542 a list of US state capitals with Sacramento as the only capital of California, Springfield (not Chicago) as capital of Illinois, etcetera. Good maps will also show the one and only capital of states. For US states with 2 or more timezones, one could use the most populous county seats or courthouses. For instance, Indiana has 92 counties to choose from (ibid, page 424). The same information can be found (elsewhere) for Canada. But I think it's a bit futile to rework the whole tz database only for the sake of being administratively correct. Here and there a couple of obvious corrections won't hurt. But one may have a different opinion. Oscar van Vlijmen 2000-09-28

3 2

Re: Alternative place names?
by Paul Eggert Oct. 3, 2000

Oct. 3, 2000

Oscar van Vlijmen <o.van.vlijmen(a)tip.nl> writes: > I am NOT proposing to change the Theory rules, but I wonder: population > count, popularity, media exposure all change, a capital hardly or not. Actually, capitals change suprisingly often. E.g. Kazakhstan changed its capital in 1997, and then changed the capital's name in 1998. (Good thing they didn't use new time zone rules too, or we'd have had to track that mess.) Even China, the most populous country in the world, changed its capital twice in the last century (in 1928 and again in 1949) and there was a period in which the location of its capital was in serious dispute. Capitals are political creatures, and we are trying to avoid politics here as much as possible, so I don't want to give the "capitalness" of a city much weight. > Chung is a British transliteration (Wade, 1867), indeed: tch'ong is the > French EFEO (1902) transliteration, but k'ing is the French transliteration > for pinyin qing, whereas ch'ing would be the British transliteration. The name "Chungking" is not a systematic transliteration; it is merely traditional. It's probably the weakest of the existing Chinese names, i.e. the one where there is the strongest reason to change, as I get the feeling that the Pinyin transliteration "Chongqing" is gaining wide popularity in ordinary English usage. Google reports 38k English-language hits for "Chongqing" and 21k for "Chungking", so if we were choosing now "Chongqing" might well be the winner. But I'm not sure that this is enough to change an established name. Oscar van Vlijmen <o.van.vlijmen(a)tip.nl> writes: Paul Hill writes: > Someone said there is the rule: every country gets at least one entry. > Is this implemented in practice? Every country including all small > countries that share zones (like the Caribbean)? Yes. In hindsight this rule was probably unwise, as countries are also political creatures. Not sure I want to change it now, though.

5 4

IAU resolution supporting leap second reform
by Paul Eggert Sept. 30, 2000

Sept. 30, 2000

http://clockdev.usno.navy.mil/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0009&L=leapsecs&F=lf&S=&… reports that the following resolution was adopted by the IAU last month: The International Astronomical Union Recognising 1. that the definition of Coordinated Universal time (UTC) relies on the astronomical observation of the UT1 time scale in order to introduce leap seconds, 2. that the unpredictability of leap seconds affects modern communication and navigation systems, 3. that astronomical observations provide an accurate estimate of the secular deceleration of the Earth's rate of rotation, Recommends 1. that the IAU establish a Working Group reporting to Division 1 at the General Assembly in 2003 to consider the redefinition of UTC, 2. that this study discuss whether there is a requirement for leap seconds, the possibility of inserting leap seconds at pre-determined intervals, and the tolerance limits for UT1-UTC, and 3. that this study be undertaken in cooperation with the appropriate groups of the International Union of Radio Science (URSI), the International Telecommunications Union (ITU-R), the International Bureau for Weights and Measures (BIPM), and relevant navigational agencies.

1 0

Re: Alternative place names?
by Dik.Winter＠cwi.nl Sept. 29, 2000

Sept. 29, 2000

> I am NOT proposing to change the Theory rules, but I wonder: population > count, popularity, media exposure all change, a capital hardly or not. A > capital is or should be known to everybody. Haven't we all had some kind of > geography lessons, years or decades ago? Oh, come on. How many people in the Netherlands know the official name of its capital? How many people not of Dutch origin know what the real capital is? And it would seem strange to use that name in the files in conjunction with "Amsterdam time". I am quite happy with Europe/Amsterdam, but that is where I live of course ;-). dik

2 1

Re: Another capital
by Dik.Winter＠cwi.nl Sept. 28, 2000

Sept. 28, 2000

>> Welkom en welkom gefeliciteerd in deez' wonderschone hoofdstad van ons land! >> Congratulations! You live in the real and formal capital of the Netherlands. >> The Dutch government has its seat in The Hague (Den Haag, 's-Gravenhage). > Which makes it the capital by both the English meaning of the word (Webster) > and the Dutch meaning of the word (van Dale). Note that when I was at school > we were taught that The Hague was the capital, while the only claim to fame > of Amsterdam was that Kings and Queens would be crowned there. Forgot to mention something. You talk about "formal capital", but that can only be the case if it is written down somewhere in the legislation, but there is nothing about that anywhere. My (Dutch) encyclopedia (which postdates my schooldays by quite some years) says: "Generally Amsterdam is seen as the capital of the Netherlands although the seat of government is in The Hague." Note that this implies that it is not universal, nor that it would actually be correct. dik

1 0

Re: Another capital
by Dik.Winter＠cwi.nl Sept. 28, 2000

Sept. 28, 2000

> Welkom en welkom gefeliciteerd in deez' wonderschone hoofdstad van ons land! > Congratulations! You live in the real and formal capital of the Netherlands. > The Dutch government has its seat in The Hague (Den Haag, 's-Gravenhage). Which makes it the capital by both the English meaning of the word (Webster) and the Dutch meaning of the word (van Dale). Note that when I was at school we were taught that The Hague was the capital, while the only claim to fame of Amsterdam was that Kings and Queens would be crowned there. dik

2 1

Another capital
by Oscar van Vlijmen Sept. 28, 2000

Sept. 28, 2000

> Dik Winter: > Oh, come on. How many people in the Netherlands know the official name > of its capital? How many people not of Dutch origin know what the real > capital is? And it would seem strange to use that name in the files in > conjunction with "Amsterdam time". I am quite happy with Europe/Amsterdam, > but that is where I live of course ;-). Welkom en welkom gefeliciteerd in deez' wonderschone hoofdstad van ons land! Congratulations! You live in the real and formal capital of the Netherlands. The Dutch government has its seat in The Hague (Den Haag, 's-Gravenhage). Many globally accessible sources, e.g. the CIA World Factbook, will tell you the same. http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html Oscar van Vlijmen 2000-09-28

1 0

Re: Eastern Peace Time
by Paul Eggert Sept. 28, 2000

Sept. 28, 2000

"Olson, Arthur David (NCI)" <olsona(a)dc37a.nci.nih.gov> writes: > Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio > drama. In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time." > An AltaVista search turned up http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html > by way of confirmation. Peace is such a wonderful thing! We must put this into the database. > ...and presumably what's needed is a line between these two such as... > ...where h:mm is the time that the document ending the war was signed. The document was signed on September 2, but from that web page it appears that the radio was announcing "Eastern Peace Time" in August 1945. Truman officially declared V-J Day on August 15, 1945. Many people celebrate V-J day on September 2, when the documents were signed on the battleship Missouri, but that's not the right date for tz purposes. <http://www.merchant-marine.com/va--ammv.htm> says that at 0615 hours, the US Navy ordered that all offensive operations against Japan cease; this is the best time that I could find for the actual start of peace. > 1. What are the correct values for h and mm above? I would say August 15, 1945, at 06:15 -- presumably this was EWT, so the transition was at 10:15 Universal Time. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule US 1945 only - Aug 15 10:15u 1:00 P # Peace (V-J Day) I'll put this into my next proposed batch of changes.

1 0

Re: (Cyprus), Nicosia is in Europe not Asia.
by Paul Eggert Sept. 28, 2000

Sept. 28, 2000

Antoine Leca <Antoine.Leca(a)renault.fr> writes: > Paul Eggert wrote: > > > I don't know of any current official dividing line between Europe and > > Asia [...] Geographically, Cyprus is > > clearly in Asia, and this has long been recognized. > > Sorry Paul: you are not consistent. Either you do not know of a dividing > line (as I do not, hence I do not comment on the issue). Or you do know > that "Cyprus is clearly in Asia", which in fact means that you know > of some line. What I was trying to say (perhaps infelicitously) is that the geographic dividing line is fuzzy in places (e.g. are the Mugadzhar mountains in Europe or in Asia?) but Cyprus is pretty clearly on the Asian side. Here's a quote that states things fairly accurately, I think: Geographically, Cyprus is considered to be a part of West Asia (this Mediterranean island is much closer to the mainland of Asia than to that of Europe). However, due to cultural, demographic, and historical reasons, it is often considered as a part of Europe. http://www.ozemail.com.au/~natinfo/asia3-2.htm#cyprus However, after some more research I agree that the point is disputable. In particular, the Encyclopedia Britannica flatly says that Cyprus is part of Europe. See <http://www.britannica.com/seo/e/europe/>. > The problem with Cyprus is that, at least as he said, Yiango was > unable to find Cyprus TZ because it cannot found it under > Europe/Nicosia. Yes, that's perhaps the best practical argument for putting it under Europe. I guess you have talked me into adding something like this: # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia

1 0

Sao Paulo DST change this year?
by David Madeo Sept. 27, 2000

Sept. 27, 2000

Hi, Sorry to distract from the alternative names, but I have a report from a Sao Paulo colleague that they've changed the date for the transition again this year. According to him, As you may know we have the daylight savings for Sao Paulo/Brazil coming soon and as it happens every year the government has changed the dates again... It'll start on oct/8th and will end on February 18 both at 0:00. This doesn't seem to match up with this excerpt from 2000f/southamerica # Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV99.gif">3,188</a> (1999-09-30) # adds SE, AL, PE, PR, RN, CE, PI, MA and RR. # These give only one year's rules. After that, the rules are guesses # and are quite possibly wrong, but are more likely than no DST at all. Rule Brazil 1999 max - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S Rule Brazil 2000 max - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 - I can't believe I'm the first to report this. Did I miss an update? Is my colleague misinformed? Thanks, dmadeo

1 0

Re: Alternative place names
by Paul Eggert Sept. 27, 2000

Sept. 27, 2000

"Gwillim Law" <gwil(a)mindspring.com> writes: > I hope we'll resist making frequent changes to the zone names. > Please remember that every change has a cost. In this case, there's > the labor of updating databases, resource files, source code, etc. Yes. For the two proposed changes Asia/Ashkhabad -> Asia/Ashgabat and Asia/Thimbu -> Asia/Thimphu, we'd definitely add entries to the "backward" file, so that any existing users could continue to use the old names. > Do not change established names unless they become ambiguous or shockingly > incorrect. That is a pretty conservative rule. I think I'm a bit more liberal, at least for names that are rarely used. I'd be somewhat surprised if anyone is currently using either of the two names in question as a TZ string. (Thimphu has 20,000 people and no stoplights. :-) The "backward" file let us survive the Great Renaming of 1993 (e.g. "US/Eastern" -> "America/New_York") with little problem, so I'm not to worried about renaming Thimbu. Also, a problem with this rule is that it's hard to define "shockingly incorrect" without going into politics. For example, if we had established the tz database in 1940 and had needed an entry for Asia/Peiping, would that name be "shockingly incorrect" by now? The name "Peiping" implies that Beijing is not the capital of China, and that would probably shock most Chinese; but it wouldn't shock most English-speakers because they don't have a feel for the Chinese etymology. This is an extreme case, but I hope you see what I mean. How about the following more liberal rules instead? Do not change established names if they only marginally violate the above rules. For example, don't change the existing name `Rome' to `Milan' merely because Milan's population has grown to be somewhat greater than Rome's. If a name is changed, put its old spelling in the `backward' file.

1 0

Alternative place names
by Oscar van Vlijmen Sept. 26, 2000

Sept. 26, 2000

To the discussion about possible alternative zone names in the tz-data files: I wrote: > If one doesn't like those names as zone names, just add them as a comment. And Paul Eggert replied: >> That has already been done in the latest tz sources. Sorry, I missed this one! It's good that this happened, because the alternative names are a valuable feature of the tz data, worth mentioning. About the Greenland names: >From the postal codes Greenland page (http://www.dpc.dk/Guide/PostalCodes.html) "3970 Pituffik (Dundas, Thule Air Base)" "3971 Qaanaaq (Thule)" See also: http://www.greenland-guide.dk/gt/maps/default.htm Paul Eggert wrote: > ... But this is another hint that perhaps we should > leave the tz Zone names alone, at least for now. In conclusion for the Greenland case I would like to suggest: Keep the current zone names because Thule and the other Danish names are globally more common, keep the commented Inuit names, but change Pituffik to Qaanaaq. However small Qaanaaq is, it refers to Thule; Pituffik refers to the air base. There are several other small inconsistencies in the zone names and comments of the tz data files. I took a look at the Asia file, with the latest Times atlas, the huge millennium edition, in front of me: * Bhutan: the name of the capital is Thimphu, not Thimbu. It is possible that Thimphu (not an f but an aspirated p) is a closer transliteration of the Dzongkha prononciation than the old British transliteration Thimbu. * Cambodia: Phnom Penh says the tz data, Phnum Penh is a more modern transliteration. * China: Chungking: seems to me an old and wrong French transliteration of Chongqing; the q is not a k-sound, but a ts-sound. * Cyprus: Nicosia. Isn't this called Lefkosia at the moment? * Kazakhstan: Aqtau: could be a pre-1940 transliteration; since the Cyrillic script was reused, the correct transliteration, according to the Times atlas, is Aktau. Where on earth is Aqtobe? TZ data says it's in the Aktyubinsk time zone. Since Aktyubinsk is on the map (both as an oblast' name and as the capital of that county), why not change Aqtobe to Aktyubinsk. * Kirgizstan: should be Kyrgyzstan. * Laos: Vientiane. Put in a comment the better transliteration of Lao name: Viangchan. * Qatar: Al Dawhah: it's Ad Dawhah or the more Latin alternative Doha. * Bahrain: no need for '-' in Al-Manamah, so: Al Manamah. * Syria: Damascus; comment: Dimashq. * Thailand: no, I won't suggest a comment for the (abbreviated) formal name Krung Thep; just Bangkok. If you really like the long one, here it comes: Krungthep Mahanakhon Amorn Rattanakosin Mahintara Yudthaya Mahadilok Pohp Noparat Rajathanee Bureerom Udomrajniwes Mahasatarn Amorn Pimarn Avaltarnsatit Sakatattiya Visanukram Prasit (ref.: http://www.geocities.com/Tokyo/Flats/1233/bkk.htm) * Turkmenistan has since 1991 the Latin alphabet instead of the Cyrillic. I'm not sure if it's Ashkhabad or Ashgabat at the moment. I think the latter. * Vietnam: tzdata says: Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh. How nice, but isn't the capital Ha Noi? The fact that probably more Americans actually have been in Saigon should not play any role ;) So, there is still a bit of work to do if one would like to dot some i's. Oscar van Vlijmen 2000-09-26

3 2

Re: Alternative place names
by Paul Eggert Sept. 26, 2000

Sept. 26, 2000

Vadim Vygonets <vadik(a)cs.huji.ac.il> writes: > I just asked a Chinese guy, who says that Chongqing is the > official transliteration used in China. So maybe we should go > with the Chinese government. That is an argument for switching, all other things being equal. But I'm not convinced that we should switch entirely to Pinyin. For example, should we change Asia/Harbin to Asia/Haerbin (or Asia/Haerbin_Shi -- it's not clear to me which is right)? The word "Harbin" isn't derived from Chinese, which makes matters even more interesting. In English, "Harbin" is by far the dominant form -- 50 times more common, according to Altavista -- so I'm not inclined to switch it. For Asia/Hong_Kong and Asia/Macao, it's even clearer to me that we shouldn't switch to Pinyin. We have this problem with Asia/Urumqi and Asia/Kashgar too; in both cases I chose the form that I found to be more popular in English at the time (in the first case Pinyin, in the second case conventional). Perhaps the worst example of this problem is Mongolia. Places like Hovd and Choybalsan seem to have dozens of spellings each. With cases like this we have to just close our eyes and pick a name, to some extent. > 'i' and 'y' are different sounds, at least in Russian. Kirgizia > and Kirgizstan are Russian names, Kyrgyzstan is Kyrgyzian > (Kirgizian?). Hmm, also Altavista says that "Kyrgyzstan" is much more popular. So let's prefer "Kyrgyzstan" in the comment and in iso3166.tab. The CIA prefers "Kyrgyzstan" as well, and they seem to be relatively up-to-date in these matters. (_The Economist_ prefers "Kirgizstan", which is where I got the spelling originally.) > > Ho Chi Minh City aka Saigon is far more populous than Hanoi, so that's > > why we use it. (Just as we use Los Angeles and not Sacramento. :-) > > However, Asia/Jerusalem and not Asia/Tel_Aviv is the official > time zone for Israel. It used to be Asia/Tel_Aviv, but someone reported that Jerusalem's population is now greater than Tel Aviv's, at least by some measures. Jerusalem is much better-known, so that was enough to get us to switch. If Jerusalem becomes a divided city with different daylight-saving rules, then we'll need to revisit this issue.

1 0

Porche Boxter or Luxury Cruise Earn $$$ In Days This Works!!!
by donald453＠bbc.co.uk Sept. 26, 2000

Sept. 26, 2000

Dear Friend, This really works! Have the faith, don't miss this opportunity, get involved also, and it will work for you as it does for us!!!!! Thank you for your time and interest. This email contains the ENTIRE PLAN of how YOU can make $50,000 or more in the next 90 days simply sending email! Seem impossible? Just read on and see how easy this is.... Due to the popularity of this letter on the Internet, a major nightly news program recently devoted an entire show to the investigation of the program described below to see if it really can make people money. The show also investigated whether or not the program was legal. Their findings proved that there are absolutely no laws prohibiting participation in the program. This has helped to show people that this is a simple, harmless and fun way to make some extra money at home. The results have been truly remarkable. So many people are participating that those involved are doing much better than ever before. Since everyone makes more as more people try it out, its been very exciting. You will understand once you try it yourself! ********* THE ENTIRE PLAN IS HERE BELOW ********* *** Print This Now For Future Reference *** $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ If you would like to make at least $50,000 in less than 90 days, please read this program...THEN READ IT AGAIN!! $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ THIS IS A LEGITIMATE, LEGAL, MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITY!! It does NOT require you to come into contact with people or make or take any telephone calls. Just follow the instructions, and you will make money. This simplified e-mail marketing program works perfectly 100% EVERY TIME! E-mail is the sales tool of the future. Take advantage of this virtually free method of advertising NOW!!! The longer you wait, the more people will be doing business using email. Get your piece of this action!!! ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Hello - My name is Johnathon Rourke, I'm from Rhode Island. The enclosed information is something I almost let slip through my fingers. Fortunately, sometime later I re-read everything and gave some thought and study to it. Two years ago, the corporation I worked for for the past twelve years down-sized and my position was eliminated. After unproductive job interviews, I decided to open my own business. Over the past year, I incurred many unforeseen financial problems. I owed my family, friends and creditors over $35,000. The economy was taking a toll on my business and I just couldn�t seem to make ends meet. I had to refinance and borrow against my home to support my family and struggling business. AT THAT MOMENT something significant happened in my life. I am writing toshare the experience in hopes that this could change your life FOREVER. FINANCIALLY$$$!!! In mid December, I received this program in my e-mail. Six months prior to receiving this program I had been sending away for information on various business opportunities. All of the programs I received, in my opinion, were not cost effective. They were either too difficult for me to comprehend or the initial investment was too much for me to risk to see if they would work. But as I was saying, in December of 1997 I received this program. I didn�t send for it, or ask for it, they just got my name off a mailing list. THANK GOODNESS FOR THAT!!! After reading it several times, to make sure I was reading it correctly. I couldn�t believe my eyes! Here was a MONEY MAKING MACHINE I could start immediately without any debt. Like most of you I was still a little skeptical and a little worried about the legal aspects of it all. So I checked it out with the U.S. Post Office (1-800-725-2161 24-hrs) and they confirmed that it is indeed legal! After determining the program was LEGAL I decided "WHY NOT!?!??" Initially I sent out 10,000 e-mails. It cost me about $15 for my time on-line. The great thing about e-mail is that I don�t need any money for printing to send out the program, and because I also send the product (reports) by e-mail, my only expense is my time. In less than one week, I was starting to receive orders for REPORT #1. By January 13, I had received 26 orders for REPORT #1. Your goal is to "RECEIVE at least 20 ORDERS FOR REPORT #1 WITHIN 2 WEEKS. IF YOU DON�T, SEND OUT MORE PROGRAMS UNTIL YOU DO. My first step in making $50,000 in 90 days was done. By January 30, I had received 196 orders for REPORT #2. Your goal is to "RECEIVE AT LEAST 100+ ORDERS FOR REPORT #2 WITHIN 2 WEEKS. IF NOT, SEND OUT MORE PROGRAMS UNTIL YOU DO. ONCE YOU HAVE 100 ORDERS, THE REST IS EASY, RELAX, YOU WILL MAKE YOUR $50,000 GOAL." Well, I had 196 orders for REPORT #2, 96 more than I needed. So I sat back and relaxed. By March 1, of my e-mailing of 10,000, I received $58,000 with more coming in every day. I paid off ALL my debts and bought a much needed new car! Please take your time to read this plan, IT WILL CHANGE YOUR LIFE FOREVER$!!! Remember, it won�t work if you don�t try it. This program does work, but you must follow it EXACTLY! Especially the rules of not trying to place your name in a different place. It won�t work and you�ll lose out on a lot of money! In order for this program to work, you must meet your goal of 20+ orders for REPORT #1, and 100+ orders for REPORT #2 and you will make $50,000 or more in 90 days. I AM LIVING PROOF THAT IT WORKS!!! If you choose not to participate in this program, I am sorry. It really is a great opportunity with little cost or risk to you. If you choose to participate, follow the program and you will be on your way to financial security. If you are a fellow business owner and are in financial trouble like I was, or you want to start your own business, consider this a sign. I DID! $$ Sincerely, Johnathon Rourke ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A PERSONAL NOTE FROM THE ORIGINATOR OF THIS PROGRAM: By the time you have read the enclosed program and reports, you should have concluded that such a program, and one that is legal, could not have been created by an amateur. Let me tell you a little about myself. I had a profitable business for 10 years. Then in 1979 my business began falling off. I was doing the same things that were previously successful for me, but it wasn�t working. Finally, I figured it out. It wasn�t me, it was the economy. Inflation and recession had replaced the stable economy that had been with us since 1945. I don�t have to tell you what happened to the unemployment rate...because many of you know from first hand experience. There were more failures and bankruptcies than ever before. The middle class was vanishing. Those who knew what they were doing invested wisely and moved up. Those who did not, including those who never had anything to save or invest, were moving down into the ranks of the poor. As the saying goes, "THE RICH GET RICHER AND THE POOR GET POORER." The traditional methods of making money will never allow you to "move up" or "get rich." Inflation will see to that. You have just received information that can give you financial freedom for the rest of your life, with "NO RISK" and "JUST A LITTLE BIT OF EFFORT." You can make more money in the next few months than you have ever imagined. I should also point out that I will not see a penny of this money, nor anyone else who has provided a testimonial for this program. I have retired from the program after sending thousands and thousands of programs. Follow the program EXACTLY AS INSTRUCTED. Do not change it in any way. It works exceedingly well as it is now. Remember to e-mail a copy of this exciting report to everyone you can think of. One of the people you send this to may send out 50,000...and your name will be on every one of them! Remember though, the more you send out, the more potential customers you will reach. So my friend, I have given you the ideas, information, materials and opportunity to become financially independent. IT IS UP TO YOU!! NOW DO IT!! ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Before you delete this program from your in box, as I almost did, take a little time to read it and REALLY THINK ABOUT IT. Get a pencil and figure out what could happen when YOU participate. Figure out the worst possible response and no matter how you calculate it, you will still make a lot of money! You will definitely get back what you invested. Any doubts you have will vanish when your first orders come in. $$$ IT WORKS!!! $$$ Jody Jacobs Richmond, VA ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ HERE�S HOW THIS AMAZING PROGRAM WILL MAKE YOU THOUSANDS OF DOLLAR$$$$!!!! This method of raising capital REALLY WORKS 100% EVERY TIME. I am sure that you could use up to $50,000 or more in the next 90 days. Before you say "BULL... ", please read this program carefully. This is not a chain letter, but a perfectly legal money making business. As with all multi-level businesses, we build our business by recruiting new partners and selling our products. Every state in the USA allows you to recruit new multi-level business partners, and we sell and deliver a product for EVERY dollar received. YOUR ORDERS COME BY MAIL AND ARE FILLED BY E-MAIL, so you are not involved in personal selling. You do it privately in your own home, store or office. This is the EASIEST marketing plan anywhere! It is simply order-filling by email! ******************************************************************* The product is informational and instructional material, keys to the secrets for everyone on how to open the doors to the magic world of E- COMMERCE, the information highway, the wave of the future! PLAN SUMMARY: (1) You order the 4 reports listed below ($5 US each.) They come to you by email. (2) Save a copy of this entire letter and put your name after Report #1 and move the other names down. (3) Via the internet, access Yahoo.com or any of the other major search engines to locate hundreds of bulk email service companies (search for "bulk email") and have them send 25,000 - 50,000 emails for you about $49+). (4) Orders will come to you by postal mail - simply email them the Report they ordered. Let me ask you - isn�t this about as easy as it gets? ************************************************************ By the way there are over 50 MILLION email addresses with millions more joining the internet each year so don�t worry about "running out" or "saturation". People are used to seeing and hearing the same advertisements every day on radio/TV. How many times have you received the same pizza flyers on your door? Then one day you are hungry for pizza and you order one. Same thing with this letter. I received this letter many times - then one day I decided it was time to try it. ************************************************************ YOU CAN START TODAY - JUST DO THESE EASY STEPS: STEP #1. ORDER THE FOUR REPORTS Order the four reports shown on the list below (you can�t sell them if you don�t order them). -- For each report, send $5.00 (US) CASH, the NAME & NUMBER OF THE REPORT YOU ARE ORDERING, YOUR E-MAIL ADDRESS, and YOUR NAME & RETURN ADDRESS (in case of a problem) to the person whose name appears on the list next to the report. MAKE SURE YOUR RETURN ADDRESS IS ON YOUR ENVELOPE IN CASE OF ANY MAIL PROBLEMS! Within a few days you will receive, by e-mail, each of the four reports. Save them on your computer so you can send them to the 1,000�s of people who will order them from you. STEP #2. ADD YOUR MAILING ADDRESS TO THIS LETTER a. Look below for the listing of the four reports. b. After you�ve ordered the four reports, delete the name and address under REPORT #4. This person has made it through the cycle. c. Move the name and address under REPORT #3 down to REPORT #4. d. Move the name and address under REPORT #2 down to REPORT #3. e. Move the name and address under REPORT #1 down to REPORT #2. f. Insert your name and address in the REPORT #1 position. Please make sure you COPY ALL INFORMATION, every name and address, ACCURATELY! STEP #3. SAVE THIS LETTER Take this entire letter, including the modified list of names, and save it to your computer. Make NO changes to these instructions. Now you are ready to use this entire email to send by email to prospects. Report #1 will tell you how to download bulk email software and email addresses so you can send it out to thousands of people while you sleep! Remember that 50,000+ new people are joining the internet every month. Your cost to participate in this is practically nothing; surely you can afford $20 (US) and initial bulk mailing cost. You obviously already have a computer and an Internet connection and e-mail is FREE! There are two primary methods of building your downline: METHOD #1: SENDING BULK E-MAIL Let�s say that you decide to start small, just to see how it goes, and we�ll assume you and all those involved email out only 2,000 programs each. Let�s also assume that the mailing receives a 0.5% response. The response could be much better. Also, many people will email out hundreds of thousands of programs instead of 2,000. (Why stop at 2000?). But continuing with this example, you send out only 2,000 programs. With a 0.5% response, that is only 10 orders for REPORT #1. Those 10 people respond by sending out 2,000 programs each for a total of 20,000. Out of those 0.5% 100 people respond and order REPORT #2. Those 100 mail out 2,000 programs each for a total of 200,000. The 0.5% response to that is 1,000 orders for REPORT #3. Those 1,000 send out 2,000 programs each for a 2,000,000 total. The 0.5% response to that is 10,000 orders for REPORT #4. That�s 10,000 $5 bills for you. CASH!!! Your total income in this example is $50 + $500 + $5,000 + $50,000 for a total of $55,550!!! REMEMBER FRIEND, THIS IS ASSUMING 1,990 OUT OF THE 2,000 PEOPLE YOU MAIL TO WILL DO ABSOLUTELY NOTHING AND TRASH THIS PROGRAM! DARE TO THINK FOR A MOMENT WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF EVERYONE, OR HALF SENT OUT 100,000 PROGRAMS INSTEAD OF 2,000. Believe me, many people will do just that, and more! METHOD #2: PLACING FREE ADS ON THE INTERNET Advertising on the internet is very, very inexpensive, and there are HUNDREDS of FREE places to advertise. Let�s say you decide to start small just to see how well it works. Assume your goal is to get ONLY 10 people to participate on your first level. (Placing a lot of FREE ads on the Internet will EASILY get a larger response.) Also assume that everyone else in YOUR ORGANIZATION gets ONLY 10 downline members. Look how this small number accumulates to achieve the STAGGERING results below: 1st level--your first 10 send you $5..................................$50 2nd level--10 members from those 10 ($5 x 100).............$500 3rd level--10 members from those 100 ($5 x 1000)........$5,000 4th level--10 members from those 1000 ($5 x 10,000)..$50,000 $$$$$$ THIS TOTALS ----------$55,550 $$$$$$ AMAZING ISN�T IT? Remember friends, this assumes that the people who participate only recruit 10 people each. Think for a moment what would happen if they got 20 people to participate! Most people get 100�s of participants and many will continue to work this program, sending out programs WITH YOUR NAME ON THEM for years! THINK ABOUT IT! ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ People are going to get emails about this plan from you or somebody else and many will work this plan. The question is, don�t you want your name to be on the emails they will send out? * * * DON�T MISS OUT!!! * * * JUST TRY IT ONCE!!! * * * * * SEE WHAT HAPPENS!!! *** YOU�LL BE AMAZED!!!* * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ALWAYS PROVIDE SAME-DAY SERVICE ON ALL ORDERS! This will guarantee that the e-mail THEY send out with YOUR name and address on it will be prompt because they can�t advertise until they receive the report! ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ GET STARTED TODAY: PLACE YOUR ORDER FOR THE FOUR REPORTS NOW. Notes: ALWAYS SEND $5 CASH (U.S. CURRENCY) FOR EACH REPORT. CHECKS NOT ACCEPTED. Make sure the cash is concealed by wrapping it in two sheets of paper. On one of those sheets of paper write: (a) the number & name of the report you are ordering (b) your e-mail address, and (c) your name & postal address. REPORT #1 "The Insider�s Guide to Advertising for Free on the Internet" ORDER REPORT #1 FROM: Andrew Skidmore 9379 Alexander Rd Alexander, NY 14005 USA REPORT #2 "The Insider�s Guide to Sending Bulk E-mail on the Internet" ORDER REPORT #2 FROM: Lars Pedersen Skejbygaardsvej 7, 1, 10 8240 Risskov Denmark REPORT #3 "The Secrets to Multilevel Marketing on the Internet" ORDER REPORT #3 FROM: John Cole Werner PO Box 3281 Lihue, HI 96766 REPORT #4 "How to become a Millionaire utilizing the Power of Multilevel Marketing and the Internet" ORDER REPORT #4 FROM: Zac Majors 2242 E Woodchuck Way Sandy, UT 84093 ******* TIPS FOR SUCCESS ******* TREAT THIS AS YOUR BUSINESS! Be prompt, professional, and follow the directions accurately. Send for the four reports IMMEDIATELY so you will have them when the orders start coming in because: When you receive a $5 order, you MUST send out the requested product/report. It is required for this to be a legal business and they need the reports to send out their letters (with your name on them!) -- ALWAYS PROVIDE SAME-DAY SERVICE ON THE ORDERS YOU RECEIVE. -- Be patient and persistent with this program - If you follow the instructions exactly - results WILL FOLLOW. $$$$ ******* YOUR SUCCESS GUIDELINES ******* Follow these guidelines to guarantee your success: If you don�t receive 20 orders for REPORT #1 within two weeks, continue advertising or sending e-mails until you do. Then, a couple of weeks later you should receive at least 100 orders for REPORT #2. If you don�t, continue advertising or sending e-mails until you do. Once you have received 100 or more orders for REPORT #2, YOU CAN RELAX, because the system is already working for you, and the cash will continue to roll in! THIS IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER: Every time your name is moved down on the list, you are placed in front of a DIFFERENT report. You can KEEP TRACK of your PROGRESS by watching which report people are ordering from you. To generate more income, simply send another batch of e-mails or continue placing ads and start the whole process again! There is no limit to the income you will generate from this business! Before you make your decision as to whether or not you participate in this program, please answer one question. ARE YOU HAPPY WITH YOUR PRESENT INCOME OR JOB? If the answer is no, then please look at the following facts about this super simple MLM program: 1. NO face to face selling, NO meetings, NO inventory! NO Telephone calls, NO big cost to start! NOthing to learn, NO skills needed! (Surely you know how to send email?) 2. No equipment to buy - you already have a computer and internet connection - so you have everything you need to fill orders! 3. You are selling a product which does NOT COST ANYTHING TO PRODUCE OR SHIP! (Emailing copies of the reports is FREE!) 4. All of your customers pay you in CA$H! This program will change your LIFE FOREVER!! Look at the potential for you to be able to quit your job and live a life of luxury you could only dream about! Imagine getting out of debt and buying the car and home of your dreams and being able to work a super-high paying leisurely easy business from home! $$$ FINALLY MAKE SOME DREAMS COME TRUE! $$$ ACT NOW! Take your first step toward achieving financial independence. Order the reports and follow the program outlined above-- SUCCESS will be your reward. Thank you for your time and consideration. PLEASE NOTE: If you need help with starting a business, registering a business name, learning how income tax is handled, etc., contact your local office of the Small Business Administration (a Federal Agency) at 1-800-827-5722 for free help and answers to questions. Also, the Internal Revenue Service offers free help via telephone and free seminars about business tax requirements. Your earnings are highly dependent on your activities and advertising. The information contained on this site and in the report constitutes no guarantees stated nor implied. In the event that it is determined that this site or report constitutes a guarantee of any kind, that guarantee is now void. The earnings amounts listed on this site and in the report are estimates only. If you have any questions of the legality of this program, contact the Office of Associate Director for Marketing Practices, Federal Trade Commission, Bureau of Consumer Protection in Washington, DC. ================================================ Under Bill s.1618 TITLE III passed by the 105th US Congress this letter cannot be considered spam as long as the sender includes contact information and a method of removal. This is a one time e-mail transmission. No request for removal is necessary.

1 0

Re: Alternative place names
by Paul Eggert Sept. 26, 2000

Sept. 26, 2000

Oscar van Vlijmen <o.van.vlijmen(a)tip.nl> writes: > Keep the current zone names because Thule and the other Danish names are > globally more common, keep the commented Inuit names, but change Pituffik to > Qaanaaq. However small Qaanaaq is, it refers to Thule; Pituffik refers to > the air base. The "Thule" entry refers to the airbase, not the town. Until recently, Thule was the only time zone region whose most populous location was an airbase. Even now the populations of the town and the airbase are neck and neck, so I'd leave it alone for now. However, I'll append "air base" to the comment, to make it clearer. > * Bhutan: the name of the capital is Thimphu, not Thimbu. Good point. By Altavista's count, "Thimphu" is now far more popular than "Thimbu" in English. I'll change this in my next proposed patch. > * Cambodia: Phnom Penh says the tz data, Phnum Penh is a more modern > transliteration. Altavista says that "Phnom Penh" is still more popular in English, by a wide, wide margin. So let's stick with it. (Besides, we can't put the accent over the "e" in a Posix name. :-) > * China: Chungking: seems to me an old and wrong French transliteration of > Chongqing; the q is not a k-sound, but a ts-sound. Chungking is the traditional English name; e.g. see <http://www.sinistra.net/els/sup/transcript.html>, which gives the following examples, among others: (Postal) (Pinyin) Canton Guangzhou Chungking Chongqing Hong Kong Xianggang Macao Aomen Peking Beijing Szechuan Sichuan Of these examples, I think "Beijing" is clearly more popular than "Peking" in English these days. At the other extreme is "Xianggang", which few English-speakers have ever heard of. "Chungking" is somewhere in the middle -- still more popular than the Pinyin name in movie titles (e.g. Chungking Express [1994], a movie made in Hong Kong) but less popular in, say, English-language travel web sites produced in the PRC. For now I'm slightly inclined to leave it as "Chungking" for a little while longer, but put "Chongqing" in as a comment. Similarly for the other Postal names. > * Cyprus: Nicosia. Isn't this called Lefkosia at the moment? That's news to me. I often see English-language news dispatches with a Nicosia dateline. Perhaps it depends on whether you're looking at the city from a European or an Asian viewpoint? I can just see it now: Europe/Nicosia as an alias for Asia/Lefkosia. (No, no, forget that I mentioned it. :-) > * Kazakhstan: Aqtau: could be a pre-1940 transliteration; since the Cyrillic > script was reused, the correct transliteration, according to the Times > atlas, is Aktau. The CIA spells it "Aqtau". The Times of Central Asia (the only online English-language newspaper in the area that I could find) also spells it "Aqtau"; see <http://www.times.kg/web-guide/kazakhstan/>. The Lonely Planet guide also calls it "Aqtau" (and I can't resist repeating its remark that the town is "for the perverse and JG Ballard lovers only"). But a lot of Russian-derived sources do indeed spell it "Aktau", and I think the oil companies tend to follow the Russians. Currently "Aktau" is present as a comment; I'm inclined to leave it that way for now. > Where on earth is Aqtobe? TZ data says it's in the > Aktyubinsk time zone. Since Aktyubinsk is on the map (both as an oblast' > name and as the capital of that county), why not change Aqtobe to > Aktyubinsk. Aktyubinsk is the old (Russian) name, and Aqtobe is the new (Kazakh) one. Google says "Aqtobe" is more popular these days (not surprising, as "Aktyubinsk" is a pain to spell :-). > * Kirgizstan: should be Kyrgyzstan. The official name indeed has "y" but I think "i" is quite popular in English. It's just a comment, so it doesn't matter all that much. I'll include both spellings in the comment. > * Laos: Vientiane. Put in a comment the better transliteration of Lao name: > Viangchan. > * Qatar: Al Dawhah: it's Ad Dawhah or the more Latin alternative Doha. > * Bahrain: no need for '-' in Al-Manamah, so: Al Manamah. > * Syria: Damascus; comment: Dimashq. Thanks; I'll add/fix these comments. > * Turkmenistan has since 1991 the Latin alphabet instead of the Cyrillic. > I'm not sure if it's Ashkhabad or Ashgabat at the moment. Altavista says that Ashgabat is much more common, and the CIA uses Ashgabat. This looks like we should change the name too. > * Vietnam: tzdata says: Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh. How > nice, but isn't the capital Ha Noi? The fact that probably more Americans > actually have been in Saigon should not play any role ;) Ho Chi Minh City aka Saigon is far more populous than Hanoi, so that's why we use it. (Just as we use Los Angeles and not Sacramento. :-)

2 1

Defense for Ho Chi Minh
by Jesper Nørgaard Sept. 26, 2000

Sept. 26, 2000

Oscar van Vlijmen wrote: ======================= * Vietnam: tzdata says: Saigon's official name is Thanh-Pho Ho Chi Minh. How nice, but isn't the capital Ha Noi? The fact that probably more Americans actually have been in Saigon should not play any role ;) ======================= I believe that tz data has an (unstated?) policy of defining the default city of a country not necessarily to be the capital, but the city with the highest number of inhabitants, as in the concrete example where Ho Chi Minh city has around 3 million inhabitants, whereas the capital Hanoi (or Ha Noi) has only 1 million inhabitants. That probably also explains why there has been more Americans in Saigon ... Regards, Jesper Nørgaard Email: jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx Programador/Analista CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Dirección: CIMMYT, Lisboa 27, 06600 Mexico, D.F. Tel.: +52 (5) 58-04-20-04 ext. 1374 Fax: +52 (5) 58-04-75-58 Tel. Casa: 53-10-05-95 ó 53-10-97-78 CIMMYT home page: http://cimmyt.cgiar.org Check out my Time Zone Converter: http://timezone50.homepage.com

1 0

Peace Time
by Olson, Arthur David (NCI) Sept. 25, 2000

Sept. 25, 2000

The information provided by Garrett Wollman suggests the change below. Given the location of the international date line, the document was signed when it was 1945-09-01 in the United States. --ado *** 7.52/northamerica Mon Sep 25 16:29:52 2000 --- 7.53/northamerica Mon Sep 25 16:29:52 2000 *************** *** 1,4 **** ! # @(#)northamerica 7.52 # also includes Central America and the Caribbean # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, --- 1,4 ---- ! # @(#)northamerica 7.53 # also includes Central America and the Caribbean # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, *************** *** 58,67 **** --- 58,89 ---- # Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of # Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime. + # From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25): + # After the end of World War II, "Peace" replaced "War" in the time zone names + # used on at least some radio broadcasts. We'll assume this kicked in on the + # signing on 1945-09-02 of the document ending the war. According to + # <a href="http://spclevents.com/ships/missouri/bb63_pod.html"> + # http://spclevents.com/ships/missouri/bb63_pod.html + # </a> + # sunrise was 05:14 and sunset was 18:07; according to + # <a href="http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/wwii-pac/japansur/js-8g.htm" > + # http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/events/wwii-pac/japansur/js-8g.htm + # </a> + # "All signatures were in place by 9:22." According to the United States + # Naval Observatory's Astronomical Aplications Department's Sunrise and Sunset + # Calculator, + # <a href="http://aa.usno.navy.mil/AA"> + # http://aa.usno.navy.mil/AA + # </a> + # sunrise at 35o42'N, 139o46'E on 1945-09-02 was at 05:13 and sunset was at + # 18:08; these values are close enough to 05:14 and 18:07 to let us know that + # the Missouri was operating on Tokyo time. + # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S Rule US 1918 1919 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 W # War Rule US 1918 1919 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule US 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War + Rule US 1945 only - Sep 2 0:22u 1:00 P # Peace Rule US 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S Rule US 1967 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S Rule US 1967 1973 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D

1 0

Eastern Peace Time
by Olson, Arthur David (NCI) Sept. 25, 2000

Sept. 25, 2000

Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama. In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time." An AltaVista search turned up http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html by way of confirmation. The "northamerica" time zone file already has information about Eastern War Time during World War II... Rule US 1942 only - Feb 9 2:00 1:00 W # War Rule US 1945 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 S ...and presumably what's needed is a line between these two such as... Rule US 1945 only - Sep 2 h:mmu 1:00 P # Peace ...where h:mm is the time that the document ending the war was signed. And so, two questions: 1. What are the correct values for h and mm above? 2. Was that indeed the instant when the switch from War Time to Peace Time occurred? Thanks in advance for any light that folks can shed! --ado

2 2

Re: (Cyprus), Nicosia is in Europe not Asia.
by Paul Eggert Sept. 25, 2000

Sept. 25, 2000

Paul Hill <phill(a)myriad.com> writes: > But I believe the tzdata actually redundantly lists some entries. > If I recall, the US territories in the Pacific (Guam?, American Samoa?) are > listed in two files but with the same IDs. There are many redundancies if you look at the "backward" file, since it contains backward-compatibility links for older names like US/Pacific that have been superseded by newer names like America/Los_Angeles. But if you omit the "backward" file, almost all redundancies are where two different locations have the same time zone history since 1970 (e.g. Europe/Rome and Europe/San_Marino). These redundancies are needed only to satisfy the rule that each country gets at least one location. There is only one exception to this general rule: Istanbul has the two entries Europe/Istanbul and Asia/Istanbul. I think this is OK, as Istanbul actually does span continents. I don't know of any current official dividing line between Europe and Asia, or between Asia and Africa for that matter, so I suppose there could be more points of controversy in the distant future as the dividing line encounters time zone splits. Maybe by then there will be a standard, or we'll use a different naming scheme. As for Cyprus, the tz database generally tries to avoid political and cultural questions, as they are distractions from its intended purpose. Culturally, Cyprus is more European than Asian (and has been so for most of its history); but if we went by culture, we'd have to do things like putting Australia under Europe and this wouldn't make much sense from a time zone point of view. Geographically, Cyprus is clearly in Asia, and this has long been recognized. For example, please see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.

2 1

Re: Greenland - places
by Paul Eggert Sept. 25, 2000

Sept. 25, 2000

Oscar van Vlijmen <o.van.vlijmen(a)tip.nl> writes: > Why not using the Greenlandic place names in the Europe file? When I originally chose the names, the old-fashioned Danish names were in more common use in English than the newfangled Greenlandic names. This may have changed since then; I haven't checked. > Thule: Qaanaaq At the height of the cold war, Thule had maybe 10,000 people in it (the exact number was a secret); it was a giant city by Greenland's standards. But now the nearby native village is a bit larger than Thule itself. I think this explains why some sources refer to Thule as `Qaanaaq' and others `Pituffik'. If we rename Thule, we'll have to pick the right replacement name. By the tz rules we should still stick with Thule, as I think it's still much better known in English; but this may change in the future, I suppose. It's even conceivable that Thule will become a ghost town. > Godthåb (or even worse: Godthab, yes I know, Posix 1.0): Nuuk > Scoresbysund: Ittoqqortoormiit Nuuk would be an good name, but Ittoqqortoormiit is too long; it exceeds 14 chars. (Maybe we could remove all the duplicate letters. :-) > If one doesn't like those names as zone names, just add them as a comment > (#). That has already been done in the latest tz sources. > Especially Ittoqqortoormiit could be a bit problematic. Although this is the > official spelling as far as I can tell, I already found two other spellings, > one of them was an error (Ittoqqortoormiut) and another was probably the > wrong Inuit dialect (Itseqqortoormiit). In the current tz comment, it's a different spelling yet: Ittoqqortoormit. I'll change the spelling to agree with the Danish postal code web page. But this is another hint that perhaps we should leave the tz Zone names alone, at least for now.

1 0

RE: Greenland - places
by Olson, Arthur David (NCI) Sept. 21, 2000

Sept. 21, 2000

> Why not using the Greenlandic place names in the Europe file? >From the "Theory" file: Use traditional English spelling, e.g. prefer `Rome' to `Roma', and prefer `Athens' to the true name (which uses Greek letters). The Posix file name restrictions encourage this rule. --ado

1 0

Population counters
by Jesper Nørgaard Sept. 19, 2000

Sept. 19, 2000

Now that we had a request about Latitude and Longitude sources, I was just wondering if anybody knows sources in internet about population counters for cities. I have made many different searches, but apparently not the right ones, because I have only come up with 2 important ones: UN list of capital cities and cities of 100,000 inhabitants and more http://www.un.org/Depts/unsd/demog/ctry.htm Statistics pages for the world: http://www.xist.org/ If you think this is not that relevant for the tz list, I probably agree, but some of you guys have plenty of background in the geographic area in general, so I have a feeble hope that somebody could help me out. Regards, Jesper Nørgaard Email: jnorgard(a)Prodigy.Net.mx Programador/Analista CIMMYT - Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo Dirección: CIMMYT, Lisboa 27, 06600 Mexico, D.F. Tel.: +52 (5) 58-04-20-04 ext. 1374 Fax: +52 (5) 58-04-75-58 Tel. Casa: 53-10-05-95 ó 53-10-97-78 CIMMYT home page: http://cimmyt.cgiar.org Check out my Time Zone Converter: http://timezone50.homepage.com

2 1

Greenland - places
by Oscar van Vlijmen Sept. 17, 2000

Sept. 17, 2000

Why not using the Greenlandic place names in the Europe file? Thule: Qaanaaq Godthåb (or even worse: Godthab, yes I know, Posix 1.0): Nuuk Scoresbysund: Ittoqqortoormiit Source: e.g. "Postal codes in Greenland" (http://www.dpc.dk/Guide/PostalCodes.html) and "POSTNUMRE Danmark/København/Grønland/Færøerne" (http://www.morslink.dk/postnr.htm) If one doesn't like those names as zone names, just add them as a comment (#). Especially Ittoqqortoormiit could be a bit problematic. Although this is the official spelling as far as I can tell, I already found two other spellings, one of them was an error (Ittoqqortoormiut) and another was probably the wrong Inuit dialect (Itseqqortoormiit). Oscar van Vlijmen 2000-09-17

1 0